;;; Upper CYC(R) Ontology flat-file
;;; Copyright Cycorp 1997.  All rights reserved.

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;;;Ontology at no charge, for everyone to use, including 
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;;; a-few-days-duration
(isa a-few-days-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-days-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-days-duration "Duration of 2 to 10 days")

;;; a-few-decades-duration
(isa a-few-decades-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-decades-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-decades-duration "Duration of 2 to 10 decades")

;;; a-few-hours-duration
(isa a-few-hours-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-hours-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-hours-duration "Duration of 2 to 10 hours")

;;; a-few-minutes-duration
(isa a-few-minutes-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-minutes-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-minutes-duration "Duration of 2 to 10 minutes")

;;; a-few-months-duration
(isa a-few-months-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-months-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-months-duration "A few months 2-10")

;;; a-few-seconds-duration
(isa a-few-seconds-duration time--quantity)
(isa a-few-seconds-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(comment a-few-seconds-duration "Duration of 2 to 30 seconds")

;;; a-few-weeks-duration
(isa a-few-weeks-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-weeks-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-weeks-duration "Duration of 2 to 10 weeks")

;;; a-few-years-duration
(isa a-few-years-duration order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa a-few-years-duration time--quantity)
(comment a-few-years-duration "Duration of 2 to 10 years")

;;; abandoning-something
(isa abandoning-something script-type)
(isa abandoning-something temporal-object-type)
(genls abandoning-something purposeful-action)
(genls abandoning-something losing-user-rights)
(comment abandoning-something "The collection of events in which some agent deliberately gives up possession of something, without giving it to another.")

;;; ablation
(isa ablation temporal-stuff-type)
(isa ablation default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls ablation removing-something)
(genls ablation intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls ablation separation--complete)
(comment ablation "A collection of events.  In an ablation, a (usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from the surface of an object.")

;;; above-ground-level-in-a-construction
(isa above-ground-level-in-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls above-ground-level-in-a-construction level-of-a-construction)
(genls above-ground-level-in-a-construction container-product)
(comment above-ground-level-in-a-construction "This refers to first floor and up. We created this to make the distinction between basements and non-basements.  We'd like to be able to talk about, count, etc. the levels above ground.")

;;; abrading-something
(isa abrading-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls abrading-something ablation)
(genls abrading-something physical-contact-situation)
(genls abrading-something voluntary-body-movement)
(comment abrading-something "A collection of events.  In an abrading-something event, the surface of some object is gradually worn away by scraping or similar physical contact involving friction.  Devices used in elements of abrading-something include files and sand paper; elements of abrading-something would include the event in which Howard Hughes sanded down the Spruce Goose for the last time, the event in which Lucy Ricardo filed her fingernails just before her singing debut at Rickie's club, etc.")

;;; absolute-value-fn
(isa absolute-value-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa absolute-value-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa absolute-value-fn scalar-interval)
(comment absolute-value-fn "absolute-value-fn is the unary mathematical function that returns the absolute value of its argument; e.g., (absolute-value-fn -2) returns 2, and (absolute-value-fn 2) returns 2.")

;;; abstract-information
(isa abstract-information stuff-type)
(isa abstract-information object-type)
(genls abstract-information intangible)
(comment abstract-information "The collection of all instances of abstract information stored or transmitted in some manner, and representing (to someone potentially at least) something.  Abstract information need not have any propositional content (see propositional-information-thing); a score for music, or a bit-map, are examples.  Note that abstract-information is the abstract, intangible information, not any particular physical embodiment.  The same abstract information is often stored in many different physical information-bearing-objects.  abstract-information may or may not be digital; it need not be representable in a particular number of bits.  abstract-information does not include every abstract intangible or 'Platonic' concept, only that information that represents something and is (at least potentially) stored or transmitted for that purpose; thus, the ideal regular icosahedron is not in itself an instance of abstract-information.  Note also that although most instances of abstract-information are intangible-individuals, some are set-or-collections such as biological-taxons and other conventional-classification-types.")

;;; abstract-programming-language
(isa abstract-programming-language object-type)
(genls abstract-programming-language language)
(genls abstract-programming-language mathematical-or-computational-thing)
(comment abstract-programming-language "The collection of languages invented for use by computers. This includes both command languages and others which one doesn't really `program' in.")

;;; abstract-shape
(isa abstract-shape object-type)
(genls abstract-shape geometric-thing)
(comment abstract-shape "A collection of objects; a subset of geometric-thing.  abstract-shape is the collection of all abstract physical shapes.  Each element of abstract-shape is an abstract region of physical space, having two or more dimensions.  This includes all circles, spheres, triangles, wedges, spirals, cylinders, toruses, etc.")
(overlapping-external-concept abstract-shape s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SHAPE-QUALITY")

;;; abstract-shape-type
(isa abstract-shape-type collection)
(genls abstract-shape-type shape-type)
(comment abstract-shape-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of abstract-shape-type is a collection of things which are subsets of abstract-shape.  The elements of abstract-shape-type comprise the basic physical shapes.  Examples include: cylinder-shape, pyramid-shape, cone-shape, tube-shape, rectangular3-d-shape, polygon, spiral, etc.")

;;; academic-professional
(isa academic-professional occupation-type)
(genls academic-professional professional)
(comment academic-professional "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of academic-professional is a person whose job is to educate and/or to perform research as an affiliate of an academic institution.  This includes members of the teaching and/or research staff of schools, colleges, universities, and research institutes.")

;;; academic-quarter
(isa academic-quarter temporal-object-type)
(genls academic-quarter time-interval)
(comment academic-quarter "Each instance of this collection is a time-interval defined by some educational institution: one quarter of their academic-year.  Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution, the year, etc., instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like StanfordSpringQuarter1991.")

;;; academic-semester
(isa academic-semester temporal-object-type)
(genls academic-semester time-interval)
(comment academic-semester "Each instance of this collection is a time-interval defined by some educational institution: one half of their academic-year. Since the start dates, end dates and duration may vary depending on the institution and year, instances will be time intervals such as ``StanfordSpringSemester1990-91''.")

;;; academic-trimester
(isa academic-trimester temporal-object-type)
(genls academic-trimester time-interval)
(comment academic-trimester "Each instance of this collection is a time-interval defined by some educational institution: one third of their academic-year. Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution and year, instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like UCLASpringTrimester1990-91.")

;;; academic-year
(isa academic-year temporal-object-type)
(genls academic-year time-interval)
(comment academic-year "Each instance of this collection is an annually recurring time-interval defined by an educational institution.  Since the start dates, end dates, and duration may all vary depending on the institution, the year, etc., instances of this collection must unfortunately be time intervals like Stanford1989-90AcademicYear.")

;;; acceleration
(isa acceleration derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls acceleration physical-attribute)
(genls acceleration scalar-interval)
(comment acceleration "Acceleration is the change in speed of an object per unit time.  It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as MilesPerHourPerSecond.")

;;; accessing-an-i-b-t
(isa accessing-an-i-b-t default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa accessing-an-i-b-t temporal-object-type)
(genls accessing-an-i-b-t information-transfer-event)
(genls accessing-an-i-b-t transfer-in)
(genls accessing-an-i-b-t purposeful-action)
(genls accessing-an-i-b-t mental-activity)
(comment accessing-an-i-b-t "A collection of information transfer events.  Each element of accessing-an-i-b-t is an action by which an agent accesses the content of some IBT (i.e., an element of information-bearing-thing).  Examples include (getting information from) reading a newspaper, watching a film, listening to a musical performance, decoding an encrypted message, seeing a traffic police officer wave you on, or hearing your roommate ask you to take out the trash.  Of course, communication conventions play a role here.  In the naive-information-mt, Cyc simply assumes that an agent who accesses an IBT understands its content afterwards.  In the information-g-mt, Cyc makes the more complicated inference that an agent who accesses an IBT understands its content afterwards only if the agent is able to get the encoded information using a convention familiar to that agent.  See also communication-convention, has-comm-convention, uses-comm-convention-for-info.")

;;; account
(isa account account-type)
(genls account authorized-agreement)
(genls account legal-agreement)
(comment account "A collection of objects; a subset of legal-agreement.  Each element of account is a recorded obligation (of some particular type) between specified parties, consisting of `funds' which typically can be added to and drawn upon.  Examples include the instances of retirement-account, travel-expense-account, and of the many types of financial-account.  Note that the contents of an account need not be monetary; for example, the contents may be amounts of time, as in the subsets vacation-account or a sick-leave-account.  account does NOT include debt obligations of fixed face value that cannot be increased or reduced (such as a bond).")

;;; account-status-attribute
(isa account-status-attribute sibling-disjoint-attribute-type)
(genls account-status-attribute attribute-value)
(comment account-status-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of account-status-attribute is an attribute that describes the obligational status of an account; e.g.,paid-in-full, in-compliance-with-payment-schedule, payment-overdue, account-inactive.")

;;; account-type
(isa account-type temporal-stuff-type)
(isa account-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls account-type existing-object-type)
(comment account-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of account-type is a collection of financial accounts of some type.  Examples: savings-account, credit-card-account, retirement-account, social-security-account, travel-expense-account.  Typically, accounts are denominated in units of money.")

;;; acknowledging--communication-act
(isa acknowledging--communication-act temporal-object-type)
(isa acknowledging--communication-act default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls acknowledging--communication-act communication-act--single)
(comment acknowledging--communication-act "The collection of actions which are performed-by one agent to convey information about the receipt of a prior communication-act--single which was performed-by another agent.  An example: Judy saying `No' in response to Jane's prior act of saying `Will you clean the toaster.'")

;;; acquaintance-attribute
(isa acquaintance-attribute social-attribute-type)
(genls acquaintance-attribute attribute-value)
(comment acquaintance-attribute "The collection of attributes that specify ways in which (and/or degrees to which) one person is acquainted with another  E.g., some instances of this collection are:  famous-person-acquaintance, true-fan-acquaintance, intimate-acquaintance, frequent-contact-acquaintance, etc.")

;;; action
(isa action temporal-object-type)
(isa action script-type)
(genls action event)
(comment action "A collection of events.  Each instance of action is an event in which something is done by some agent.  (See done-by.)  Actions may include any event in which one or more actor(s) effect some change(s) in the tangible or intangible state of the world, typically by some expenditure of effort or energy.  But note that it is not required that any tangible object be moved, changed, produced, or destroyed for an action to occur; the effects of actions may be intangible (such as the change in a bank balance, or the intimidation of a subordinate).  Depending upon the context, actors may be animate or inanimate, conscious or nonconscious.  For actions that are intentional, see also purposeful-action, performed-by.")

;;; action-on-object
(isa action-on-object script-type)
(isa action-on-object temporal-object-type)
(genls action-on-object action)
(comment action-on-object "The collection of events in which some doer acts on an object. Each element of action-on-object is an action in which both the roles of done-by and object-acted-on (qq.v.) are filled.  Positive examples: someone typing on a keyboard; a tornado destroying a building.  Negative examples: a person dancing; wind blowing.")

;;; actor-slot
(isa actor-slot predicate-category)
(genls actor-slot extensional-representation-predicate)
(genls actor-slot binary-predicate)
(genls actor-slot role)
(comment actor-slot "A collection of binary predicates.  Each element of actor-slot relates some instance of event to a thing involved in that event (here called a `participant').  The first argument of every actor-slot is an instance of event, and the second argument is an instance of something-existing, denoting a participant in that event.  Each specialized actor slot indicates HOW its participant participates in the event, i.e., in what role (e.g., inputs, outputs, done-by).  `Participant' does NOT include the time of the event's occurrence, external representations of the event, and other more remotely related things that are not directly or indirectly `involved' in the occurrence of the event.")

;;; address--location-designator
(isa address--location-designator object-type)
(genls address--location-designator character-string)
(genls address--location-designator attribute-value)
(comment address--location-designator "A collection of strings.  Each element of address--location-designator is a string that denotes an address.  Each string indicates one entire address.  For example: `President Bill Clinton, White House,, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC.")

;;; adjective
(isa adjective linguistic-object-type)
(genls adjective speech-part)
(comment adjective "The collecton of all adjectives. Adjectives are words which can modify nouns. Many adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. Example: `red'.")

;;; administrator
(isa administrator occupation-type)
(genls administrator desk-worker)
(comment administrator "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of administrator is an employee of an organization who is responsible for managing its organizational affairs.  Elements of administrator may or may not also be required to manage people.  If so, then they are also managers (q.v.).")

;;; admiration
(isa admiration feeling-attribute-type)
(genls admiration respect)
(comment admiration "A feeling of strong approval.  An intense positive attitude towards another person(s) or group.  May be accompanied by emulation.  admiration is different than respect (qv).  This is a collection --- see happiness for an explanation.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than admiration are wonder--admiration, adulation, awe, etc. ")

;;; adult-animal
(isa adult-animal existing-object-type)
(genls adult-animal biological-stage-of-development)
(genls adult-animal animal)
(comment adult-animal "The collection of all adult animals (including adult people), meaning all elements of animal that are mature enough to bear offspring, or older.")

;;; adult-female-person
(isa adult-female-person existing-object-type)
(genls adult-female-person female-person)
(genls adult-female-person human-adult)
(comment adult-female-person "The collection of all women; i.e., persons who are adult and female")

;;; adverb
(isa adverb linguistic-object-type)
(genls adverb speech-part)
(comment adverb "The collection of all adverbs. Adverbs are words which can modify adverbs, verbs, or adjectives. Many adverbs are morphologically derived from adjectives. Example: `slowly'.")

;;; advertising
(isa advertising script-type)
(isa advertising temporal-object-type)
(genls advertising communication-act--single)
(comment advertising "A collection of communication-act--singles.  In an advertising event, someone is communicating, to potential customers of an agent, the desire of that agent to do business with those customers (either to `do business' in general or to sell them something specific.")

;;; affection
(isa affection feeling-attribute-type)
(genls affection feeling-attribute)
(comment affection "A feeling of fondness for someone or something.  Sympathy, liking, warmth, tenderness.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than affection are love, passion, etc.")

;;; afternoon
(isa afternoon temporal-object-type)
(genls afternoon qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment afternoon "An afternoon is the daily event where the sun moves from its `highest' position in the daily cycle and `sets', i.e from noon till sunset.  A midday overlaps the start of an afternoon, and an evening is contiguous-after an afternoon.  Each afternoon is temporally-finished-by a sunset.")

;;; agent
(isa agent existing-object-type)
(genls agent composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(comment agent "An agent is something which can show independent action, whether conscious or not.  agent represents the collection of all agents.  Most animals are considered agents, in most contexts; so are most organizations.   Most plants are not agents, in most contexts.  Inanimate devices are sometimes considered agents, in certain contexts.  This is one of those concepts which is important yet very hard to define precisely.  Here is some elaboration, to help convey the intended meaning of the basic criterion for agenthood:  It must seem that a kind of decision-making is going on, even if it's down at the `mindless' level of the reflex reaction of a spider leg to heat, or the reflex reaction of a Human Resources Department rejecting an applicant with no formal degree.  It generally `sounds right' or `feels  natural' to assign causality to agents, rather than some larger or smaller entity.  E.g., it is more natural to say `Fred wrote an essay' than to say `Fred's left hand wrote an essay' or, at the other extreme, to say `The Solar System wrote an essay'.  Similarly, we might very well talk about `Microsoft' buying IBM, but it would be unnatural and even incorrect to talk about a much larger entity (`corporate America') or smaller entity (`the Microsoft lawyers') as the performer of that buying action.")

;;; agentive-noun
(isa agentive-noun linguistic-object-type)
(genls agentive-noun speech-part)
(comment agentive-noun "The collection of all nouns in the agentive form.  Agentive nouns usually denote the `doer' or `performer' of some action, and often end in `-er' or `-or'. Example: `runner'.")

;;; agility
(isa agility script-performance-attribute-type)
(genls agility script-performance-attribute)
(comment agility "agility is the script-performance-attribute-type for describing actions in which the performer's whole body moves precisely and in a well-coordinated fashion.")

;;; agreement
(isa agreement existing-object-type)
(genls agreement supposed-to-be-microtheory)
(genls agreement intangible-existing-thing)
(comment agreement "A collection of `objects' with temporal extent.  Each element of agreement involves two or more parties, who agree that certain propositions should be true.  Making the propositions true may require some action or commitment of wealth on the part of one or more of the agreeing-agents.  Thus, elements of agreement will usually involve some instances of obligation.
Note:  Elements of agreement and obligation differ, however, in that an obligated-agent is responsible for the truth of all of the propositions in an obligation.  In an agreement, some agents may not be responsible for all of the propositions in the agreement being true. For example, in a loan agreement, the borrower agrees to give the lender back the money, but the borrower is the only obligated-agent for the repayment.  Note that obligated-agents need not be among the agreeing-agents in the agreement that involves or generates the obligation.  For example, the Board of Directors of XYZCorporation may agree that some non-director will assume the post and duties of President of XYZCorporation.  Moreover, agreeing-agents aren't always obligatedAgents; e.g., Wanda and Paul may agree that Paul alone is obligated to do some task.
Examples include instances of peace-accord, legal-agreement, informal-agreement, business-partnership-agreement, work-agreement, sales-agreement, maintenance-agreement, reservation, appointment, etc.")

;;; agreement-note
(isa agreement-note shared-note)
(comment agreement-note "Elements of agreement (and of its subsets) are microtheory instances containing propositions representing what some number of parties have agreed upon. An agreement may contain a set of obligations on the part of one or more of the parties. An agreement may also be just a set of beliefs that the parties have decided to share. To indicate which propositions are true in an agreement, regardless of whether they are true in reality, use ist--agreement. (ist--agreement AGREEMENT PROP) means that PROP is a cyc-formula expressing something that was agreed upon in AGREEMENT. Other relevant vocabulary: (agreeing-agents AGREEMENT AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the parties agreeing to AGREEMENT. (sub-agreements AGREEMENT1 AGREEMENT2) means that AGREEMENT2 is a part of (is included in) AGREEMENT1. (governed-by-agreement ACTION AGREEMENT) means that ACTION is governed by the terms of AGREEMENT. (agreement-forbids AGREEMENT AGENT ACTION-TYPE) means that AGREEMENT forbids AGENT from performing elements of ACTION-TYPE. (agreement-period AGREEMENT TIME) means that AGREEMENT is considered to be true during the time period TIME.")

;;; ailment-condition
(isa ailment-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls ailment-condition physiological-condition)
(comment ailment-condition "The most general collection of ailment events; a subset of physiological-condition, and a subset of event.  An instance of ailment-condition is a dynamic state of sickness, injury, or physiological impairment.  Having an ailment is an event:  it has temporal aspects, it progresses dynamically, etc., it is not just `being in some static state of un-wellness.'   Some subsets of ailment-condition are: respiratory-ailment, heart-condition, cancer, motion-sickness, poisoning, infection, injury-condition.  If a particular person suffers from asthma, that is an element of ailment-condition.  Each ailment-condition is a state of actual, developed sickness or impairment, rather than the event of getting sick or becoming impaired.  Also note that each type of ailment, such as asthma, is the set of all `cases' or `instances' of individuals suffering from that condition.")

;;; air
(isa air tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls air mixture)
(genls air gaseous-tangible-thing)
(comment air "A collection of tangibles; a subset of gaseous-tangible-thing.  Each element of air is one `piece' among all the portions of the atmosphere of the Earth, considered as a substance present in various places, in various quantities, under various pressures, etc.  Examples: the air-in-austin; the stuffy air in my office; the thin air atop Annapurna.  See also the-atmosphere-qua-single-piece-of-stuff, which is all ambient air on the planet taken as a single object.")

;;; air-force
(isa air-force existing-object-type)
(genls air-force military-organization)
(comment air-force "A collection of military organizations.  An element of air-force is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of airborne forces: bombers, fighters, torpedo planes, parachute troops, surveillance aircraft, etc., and having the function of defending or attacking air space, ships, or ground targets.")

;;; air-force-personnel
(isa air-force-personnel occupation-type)
(genls air-force-personnel military-person)
(comment air-force-personnel "A collection of people, a subset 
of military-person. Each element of this collection is
somebody who works for an air-force.")

;;; air-respiration
(isa air-respiration temporal-stuff-type)
(isa air-respiration default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls air-respiration respiration)
(comment air-respiration "A collection of activities constituting a natural physiological-function; air-respiration is the collection of all respiration events in which an organism trades some of the carbon dioxide in its tissues for oxygen from the atmosphere.")

;;; air-transportation-device
(isa air-transportation-device existing-object-type)
(genls air-transportation-device transportation-device)
(comment air-transportation-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of air-transportation-device is a device used for transportation through the air.  For example, the Goodyear Blimp, Air Force One, and the space-shuttle-atlantis.  Subsets of air-transportation-device include the collections airplane, helicopter, hot-air-balloon, ground-to-orbit-vehicle (such as Atlas rockets or the Space Shuttles), and so on.")

;;; airline-company
(isa airline-company existing-object-type)
(genls airline-company business)
(genls airline-company transportation-company)
(comment airline-company "The collection of all air transportation companies.  An element of airline-company is a transportation-company that operates airplanes to transport goods or people in exchange for money.")

;;; airplane
(isa airplane product-type)
(isa airplane existing-object-type)
(genls airplane transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls airplane container-product)
(genls airplane air-transportation-device)
(comment airplane "The colection of all fixed-wing (except warplanes), heavier-than-air, self-powered flying machines (excluding cruise missiles).")

;;; airplane-runway
(isa airplane-runway existing-object-type)
(genls airplane-runway path-for-wheeled-vehicles)
(comment airplane-runway "An airstrip, at an airport, on an aircraft carrier, or in some field, upon which airplanes taxi, take off, and land.")

;;; airport--physical
(isa airport--physical existing-object-type)
(genls airport--physical construction-artifact)
(comment airport--physical "The collection of all airfields, where airplanes take off and land.  An Airport-Physical definitely has a runway, may or may not have any other buildings.  If it's the grounds of an airport-organization, some of those other features will be present.")

;;; airport-organization
(isa airport-organization existing-object-type)
(genls airport-organization organization)
(comment airport-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of airport-organization is an organization that manages and controls particular airports and their appurtenant facilities; e.g., la-guardia-airport.")

;;; alertness
(isa alertness primitive-attribute-type)
(genls alertness scalar-interval)
(genls alertness animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment alertness "alertness is an animal-physiological-attribute which specifies how sleepy or alert an animal is.  Levels of alertness include asleep, sleepy, and awake.")

;;; allergic-reaction
(isa allergic-reaction physiological-condition-type)
(genls allergic-reaction ailment-condition)
(comment allergic-reaction "A collection of dynamic, physiological states.  An instance of allergic-reaction is an event in which an organism which is exposed to a particular substance (e.g., pollen, mold) develops some abnormality or impairment of its physiological condition as a result of interacting with the substance.  Allergic reactions to some types of substances occur widely in members of a species; e.g., poison-ivy-poisoning in humans.  But other allergic reactions affect only a small proportion of a species, such as human allergies to penicillin.  This concept is the set of events in which allergic reactions are `taking place', not abstract unrealized potential situations such as `John is allergic to milk.'  I.e., if John were allergic to milk, and he drank some, and then proceeded to have a whopping bad allergic reaction, that latter event would be an element of allergic-reaction.")

;;; always--time-interval
(isa always--time-interval time-interval)
(comment always--time-interval "The interval of time which encompasses all time.  In more general MTs we remain agnostic as to whether this time interval has either a beginning or an end, but if it does, always--time-interval begins when time itself begins and ends only when time ends completely.  Every other instance of time-interval is a time-slices of always--time-interval. ")

;;; ambulance
(isa ambulance product-type)
(isa ambulance existing-object-type)
(genls ambulance road-vehicle)
(comment ambulance "The collection of all RoadVehicles that are equipped primarily for transporting wounded, injured or sick persons.")

;;; ampere
(isa ampere standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa ampere m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa ampere unit-of-current)
(isa ampere unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa ampere physical-attribute)
(result-isa ampere scalar-interval)
(args-isa ampere cyc-system-real-number)
(comment ampere "The standard unit of measure of electrical current, equivalent to a 1-coulomb flow of current, or 1 volt across a resistance of 1 ohm.")

;;; amphibian
(isa amphibian biological-class)
(genls amphibian vertebrate)
(genls amphibian non-person-animal)
(comment amphibian "The collection of all organism--wholes which are members of the biological-class Amphibia, being a specialization of vertebrate.  
Members of this class are smooth skinned vertebrates which hatch from eggs to form aquatic larvae [see larva].  These larvae metamorphose into an air-breathing adult [see AirBreathingVertebrate] (normally) having lungs.  Subsets of this collection include frogs and salamanders.")

;;; anesthesia
(isa anesthesia script-type)
(genls anesthesia drug-therapy)
(comment anesthesia "A collection of events; a subset of drug-therapy (q.v.).  In an instance of anesthesia, a biological-living-object undergoes the effect of some instance of anesthetic, the effect of which is to eliminate the perception of pain.  anesthesia events occur in connection with other medical care events, so that a patient will not feel the pain or discomfort that would otherwise be associated with those medical procedures.  anesthetics are of various chemical kinds, work in various ways, and can be administered in various ways.  They may topically numb an area, they may poison the central nervous system to the point where the animal loses consciousness, etc.  The resulting anesthetic therapies thus may differ, according to the type of anesthetic used; for example, the patient may or may not be conscious during an instance of anesthesia.  See also administering-a-drug.")

;;; anger
(isa anger feeling-attribute-type)
(genls anger frustration)
(comment anger "Intense feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than anger include belligerence, etc.")

;;; angle
(isa angle object-type)
(genls angle geometric-thing)
(comment angle "A collection of geometric-things.  Each element of angle is a pair of line segments, planes (or, more generally, n-dimensional hyperplanes) that share an endpoint, edge (or, more generally, an [n-1]-dimensional hyperedge).")

;;; angstrom
(isa angstrom unit-of-distance)
(isa angstrom m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa angstrom unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(result-isa angstrom distance)
(result-isa angstrom scalar-interval)
(args-isa angstrom cyc-system-real-number)
(comment angstrom "Extremely small unit of length, used especially for measuring the wavelength of light, derived by dividing a meter by 10,000,000,000.  Abbreviation: A (with a little circle on the top of the `A').  1 A = 1/10,000,000,000 (i.e., 10^-10) meter.")

;;; angular-acceleration-rate
(isa angular-acceleration-rate measurable-attribute-type)
(genls angular-acceleration-rate scalar-interval)
(genls angular-acceleration-rate physical-attribute)
(comment angular-acceleration-rate "angular-acceleration-rate is the rate at which the rate-of-rotation of an object changes.It is a measurable physical quantity, measured in units such as radians per second per second.")

;;; animal
(isa animal biological-kingdom)
(genls animal perceptual-agent)
(genls animal animal-b-l-o)
(genls animal solid-tangible-thing)
(genls animal organism--whole)
(comment animal "The collection of all animals; this large class of organisms is one instance of biological-kingdom.  Animals are typically motile, living, whole organisms; they are elements of heterotroph, incapable of performing instances of photosynthesis.  Animal cells contain cholesterol and lack cell walls made of cellulose.  person is a subset of animal; see also non-person-animal.")
(synonymous-external-concept animal s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ANIMAL")

;;; animal-activity
(isa animal-activity script-type)
(isa animal-activity temporal-object-type)
(genls animal-activity action)
(genls animal-activity composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment animal-activity "A collection of events.  Each element of animal-activity is an action whose performer(s) (see done-by) belong to the collection animal.")

;;; animal-b-l-o
(isa animal-b-l-o existing-object-type)
(genls animal-b-l-o biological-living-object)
(comment animal-b-l-o "The subset of biological-living-object which includes all the elements of animal and of animal-body-part and animal-body-region.")

;;; animal-body-part
(isa animal-body-part existing-object-type)
(genls animal-body-part animal-body-region)
(comment animal-body-part "The collection of all the anatomical parts and physical regions of all living animals; a subset of organism-part.  Each element of animal-body-part is a piece of some live animal and thus is itself an instance of biological-living-object.  animal-body-part includes both highly localized organs (e.g., hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as its circulatory system and nervous system).  
Note: Severed limbs and other parts of dead animals are NOT included in this collection; see dead-fn.")

;;; animal-body-part-type
(isa animal-body-part-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls animal-body-part-type existing-object-type)
(comment animal-body-part-type "The collection of all the types of animal-body-parts.  An animal-body-part-type  is a characterization of body parts by structure and/or function.   Some elements of this collection include spinal-column, eyelash, nervous-system, urethra, wing--animal-body-part, heel-of-palm, etc.  As can be seen from those examples, animal-body-part-type is not organized along species/order/class/phylum/... taxonomic lines.")

;;; animal-body-region
(isa animal-body-region existing-object-type)
(genls animal-body-region organism-part)
(genls animal-body-region animal-b-l-o)
(comment animal-body-region "The set of parts of an animal's body that one might point to, operate on, photograph, transplant, etc.  So this is a collection of (conceptual) spatial subdivisions of the bodies of animals, generally contiguous and having some more or less clear boundary.  Some elements of this collections are Einstein's head, santas-beard, and Babe Ruth's right arm.  Other elements of this set are what might be considered unhealthy body regions, such as a blister, a puncture wound, a bruise, etc. -- but those are still clearly a part of an animal's body, can be pointed to, photographed, bandaged up, etc.   
Note that this concept is quite different from an animal body `system' (such as the lymph system, the nervous system, etc.) which comprises a small portion of an animal's total mass but is distributed throughout the animal's body -- see animal-body-part.  (At the naive, commonsense level of physiology, and for almost all purposes, it is perfectly acceptable to conceptualize Santa's beard as one animal-body-region, and the same for Farrah Fawcett's hair, etc.  A borderline case of this is:  Cher's fingernails.  In some contexts, one would treat those as an animal-body-region, and in other contexts one would treat them as ten separate animal-body-regions.)")

;;; animal-migration
(isa animal-migration script-type)
(isa animal-migration temporal-object-type)
(genls animal-migration locomotion-event)
(genls animal-migration translation--round-trip)
(comment animal-migration "The collection of regular, species-linked movements of an animal or group of animals from one place to another, usually with a return to the starting point after a certain period of time.  In some species, the migration cycle occurs once in a lifetime, while others migrate annually on a seasonal basis.   Migration is typically linked with an animal's reproductive cycle (as in salmon), but may also involve seasonal relocation to a more hospitable climate and/or more plentiful food supply. For example, many birds exhibit seasonal migration; e.g., native Northeastern U.S. birds that spend their winters in the Southern U.S.")

;;; animal-physiological-attribute
(isa animal-physiological-attribute attribute-type)
(genls animal-physiological-attribute attribute-value)
(genls animal-physiological-attribute physiological-attribute)
(comment animal-physiological-attribute "The broadest collection of attributes of animals that describe the physiological aspects of an animal, including its physiological (1) capacities, (2) conditions, and (3) states.  Examples include: (1) Capacities: fertile, hearing-impaired, paraplegic; (2) Conditions: anemic, athletic-physical-build; (3) States: intoxicated, injured, inflamed.  plant-physiological-attributes, such as in-bloom, are excluded.")

;;; animal-sound
(isa animal-sound temporal-stuff-type)
(genls animal-sound audible-sound)
(genls animal-sound information-bearing-wave-propagation)
(comment animal-sound "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of information-bearing-wave-propagation.  Each element of animal-sound is a sound of a type which originally was, and typically is, made by an animal using just its body parts (though such a sound may subsequently have been reproduced by imitation or recording).  For example, instances of birdsong, neighing-sound, purring-sound, barking-sound, braying-sound.  Note that the restriction to sounds produced by body parts alone excludes noises produced by moving external objects; i.e., animal-sound does NOT include rustling the leaves underfoot, splashing water, or playing a musical instrument.")

;;; animal-walking-process
(isa animal-walking-process object-type)
(isa animal-walking-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa animal-walking-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls animal-walking-process locomotion-process)
(genls animal-walking-process simple-whole-body-movement)
(comment animal-walking-process "The collection of individual locomotion-process es in which an animal agent travels on foot using voluntary movements of its legs.")

;;; annual-climate-cycle
(isa annual-climate-cycle script-type)
(genls annual-climate-cycle weather-event)
(comment annual-climate-cycle "A collection of events.  Each element of annual-climate-cycle is an extended event, one year in length, which encompasses sub-events describing the changing of the seasons.  Subsets include temperate-climate-cycle, humid-subtropical-climate-cycle, etc.  See also the comments on climate-cycle-type, has-climate-type.")

;;; annual-event-type
(isa annual-event-type collection)
(genls annual-event-type temporal-object-type)
(comment annual-event-type "A collection of collections.  The instances of an element of annual-event-type are synchronized with the calendar.  If ?X is an annual-event-type, then one occurs each year.  For example, christmas-holiday is an annual-event-type, because one occurs each year, synchronized with the calendar.")

;;; anterior-region-fn
(isa anterior-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa anterior-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa anterior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa anterior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment anterior-region-fn "The function (AnteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the front half or section, or the anterior main portion, of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic front/back orientation, or is a (non-backward-facing) part of a larger region or object that has a front/back orientation.")

;;; anti-symmetric-binary-predicate
(isa anti-symmetric-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(isa anti-symmetric-binary-predicate collection)
(genls anti-symmetric-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(comment anti-symmetric-binary-predicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of binary-predicate whose elements represent antisymmetric relations.  A predicate F is an element of anti-symmetric-binary-predicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, if both (F X Y) and (F Y X) hold, then X=Y, for every X,Y within the domain and range of F.  For example, greater-than-or-equal-to, compatible-blood-types.







Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of anti-symmetric-binary-predicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also note-on-argument-typing-and-properties-of-relations.")

;;; anti-transitive-binary-predicate
(isa anti-transitive-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(genls anti-transitive-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(genls anti-transitive-binary-predicate irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(comment anti-transitive-binary-predicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of binary-predicate whose elements represent anti-transitive relations.  A predicate F is an element of anti-transitive-binary-predicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, for every X,Y,Z in the domain of F, (not (and (F X Y)(F Y Z)(F X Z))).  

Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of anti-transitive-binary-predicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also note-on-argument-typing-and-properties-of-relations.")

;;; anticipation--feeling
(isa anticipation--feeling feeling-attribute-type)
(genls anticipation--feeling feeling-attribute)
(comment anticipation--feeling "Emotion accompanying an expectation of something pleasant in the foreseeable future.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness. ")

;;; apathy
(isa apathy feeling-attribute-type)
(genls apathy feeling-attribute)
(comment apathy "A lack of interest or concern.  If someone is feeling some measure of apathy, then they typically will have little or no response to things normally expected to excite emotion or interest.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  A related feeling-attribute-type is boredom.")

;;; appendage--animal-body-part
(isa appendage--animal-body-part animal-body-part-type)
(genls appendage--animal-body-part solid-tangible-thing)
(genls appendage--animal-body-part animal-body-part)
(comment appendage--animal-body-part "The collection of all appendages of animals.  An appendage is an animal-body-part that is connected to, and extends from, the animal's torso (or else from another of its appendages, such as a hand extending from an arm).  Each appendage is used by the animal for one or more functions; altogether, appendages serve a wide variety of functions such as locomotion, manipulation, sensing, fighting, scratching, heat dissipation, balance, etc.")

;;; appropriating-something
(isa appropriating-something temporal-object-type)
(isa appropriating-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls appropriating-something gaining-user-rights)
(genls appropriating-something taking-something)
(comment appropriating-something "A collection of events; a subset of taking-something and of gaining-user-rights.  In an instance of appropriating-something, an agent takes something that no one else has user rights over, such as air for breathing, or some object which at that time belongs to no one (e.g.,a dime lying in the street).
Note: The English verb `appropriate' can also mean to take something away from someone else, against their will and wrongfully, but that is not what is meant here.  For that, see stealing--generic.")

;;; approval
(isa approval feeling-attribute-type)
(genls approval satisfaction)
(comment approval "The emotion of viewing positively a state of affairs or other agent's actions.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; april
(isa april month-of-year-type)
(genls april calendar-month)

;;; aquatic-organism
(isa aquatic-organism organism-type-by-habitat)
(genls aquatic-organism organism--whole)
(comment aquatic-organism "The collection of organisms adapted to life underwater, which spend all or most of their time immersed in water.  This includes the elements of fish, also many instances of mollusk, sea-mammal, etc.")

;;; area
(isa area derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls area physical-attribute)
(genls area scalar-interval)
(comment area "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of area is an amount of two-dimensional space, i.e., a surface.  Elements of area may be either a fixed interval, such as the area of a rectangle 5 cm x 10 cm, or a range, such as the area of a city lot.  See unit-of-area for the units used by Cyc to measure areas.")

;;; arm
(isa arm symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls arm appendage--animal-body-part)
(comment arm "The collection of all animal arms.  An arm of an animal is one of its animal-body-parts, more particularly one of its appendages, a limb which it uses for manipulation moreso than for locomotion.  A hand is considered part of an arm.")

;;; arm-movement
(isa arm-movement temporal-stuff-type)
(isa arm-movement default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls arm-movement body-movement-event)
(comment arm-movement "The collection of any movements of an arm that are generated by the animal whose arm it is, through nerve impulses to the arm.  Physically, an arm-movement involves movement of the upper arm or elbow in relation to the body to which it is attached.")

;;; army
(isa army existing-object-type)
(genls army military-organization)
(comment army "A collection of military organizations.  An element of army is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of ground forces, which may include infantry, cavalry, artillery, tank and miscellaneous mechanized units, and special forces.  Its personnel may also include support workers such as engineers and medical staff.")

;;; army-personnel
(isa army-personnel occupation-type)
(genls army-personnel soldier)
(genls army-personnel military-person)
(comment army-personnel "A collection of people, a subset 
of military-person. Each element of this collection is
somebody who works for an army.")

;;; arresting-someone
(isa arresting-someone script-type)
(isa arresting-someone temporal-object-type)
(genls arresting-someone taking-custody-of-animal)
(comment arresting-someone "A collection of events.  In an instance of arresting-someone, a law enforcement officer arrests another person, who is thereupon taken into custody (in-custody).")

;;; art-object
(isa art-object existing-object-type)
(genls art-object product)
(genls art-object artifact)
(genls art-object composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(genls art-object information-bearing-object)
(comment art-object "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of art-object is a tangible object that is a work, or a reproduction of a work, in one of the representational or plastic arts, such as a painting, sculpture, ceramic piece, quilt, stained glass composition, etc.  art-object does NOT include plays, movies, music, performance art, or other activities.  art-object is a subset of information-bearing-object, but its elements need not have propositional content, although they may.  Examples of art-object: the statue-of-liberty, the Mona Lisa, a poster reproduction of Van Gogh's `Starry Night', Rodin's `Burghers of Calais', a piece of Ju ware from the Sung Dynasty, the windows of Chartres Cathedral, a series of prints by Picasso.")

;;; arthropod
(isa arthropod biological-phylum)
(genls arthropod invertebrate)
(comment arthropod "An instance of biological-phylum whose taxon-members include (mostly) the numerous collections of chitin-armored invertebrates that have jointed bodies and limbs, e.g., insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.")

;;; artifact
(isa artifact collection)
(genls artifact something-existing)
(genls artifact partially-tangible)
(comment artifact "A collection of tangible things.  An instance of artifact is a tangible which was more or less intentionally created by an agent (or a group of agents working together) to serve some purpose or perform some function.  By `created', we don't require that the matter itself be created, it is often just the result of some sort of assemblage or modification process, such as a wooden flute that's been whittled from a tree branch, a sawhorse that's been put together out of boards and nails, a coin that's been minted by embossing or by melting liquid silver into a mold, etc.

Let's consider some positive and negative examples.

In addition to the obvious human artifacts (buildings, tools, textiles, power lines), this collection includes certain sorts of things made by animals, such as bird nests, termite mounds, and beaver dams.

Something which just barely squeaks through the intended meaning of this concept is yale-university.  In addition to the abstract legal entity, it consists of a set of physical buildings, furnishings, etc.  By contrast, an organization that had no headquarters building, equipment, tangible property, etc. would not be an artifact.  Similarly, a fictional character such as Tom Sawyer is not an artifact (in the context of the story, Tom is not an artifact because he is a real boy; in the context of the real world, Tom is not an artifact because he has no tangible component whatsoever.)

While some artifacts may be alive, or contain living subparts, we do not intend this collection to encompass all organisms which resulted from normal biological reproductive processes.  Your child is not an artifact.

If you do an oil painting of a house that is an artifact, but much more borderline is what you get if you take a rock and just paint it a solid color, say white.  In general that won't be an artifact unless it serves some purpose, such as marking the shoulder of a roadway, but more questionable cases are if the purpose of the white rock is just `to be sold as art' or `to look pretty.'  The white rock might thus be an artifact in certain contexts, but not in others.

Not every instance of path--generic (q.v.) is necessarily an instance of artifact.  For example, some channels used for navigation may not be artifacts, because even though they are marked with human artifacts (i.e., channel markers) as locations where ships may safely travel, the channel itself may have been a naturally occurring pre-existing thing -- e.g., the english-channel.  If a channel--wide-strait were produced or maintained only by constant dredging, it might count as an artifact.  By contrast, each canal, such as suez-canal, is almost certain to be an artifact.")
(synonymous-external-concept artifact s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ARTIFACT")

;;; artificial-material
(isa artificial-material existing-stuff-type)
(genls artificial-material artifact)
(comment artificial-material "A collection of substances; a subset of artifact.  An instance of artificial-material is a portion of artificial stuff that was intentionally made by some agent(s), such as plastic or sweet-n-low. Since artificial-materials are intentionally produced, this class does not normally include materials which are merely by-products or waste-products of an intentional process.  However, what is a byproduct at one time or in one context may be a useful material that would count as an instance of artificial-material in another.")

;;; asleep
(isa asleep alertness)
(genl-attributes asleep unconscious)
(comment asleep "asleep is the alertness attribute of being asleep.  asleep is a specialization of unconscious.  (holds-in (year-fn 1776) (alertness-level RipVanWinkle asleep)).")

;;; assertion
(isa assertion collection)
(isa assertion object-type)
(genls assertion individual)
(genls assertion cyc-indexed-term)
(genls assertion computational-object)
(genls assertion abstract-information)
(comment assertion "A collection of computational objects.  Each instance of assertion is either (1) an assertion reified in the Cyc Knowledge Base (i.e., a formula and its associated datastructure, actually in the Cyc KB), or (2) an Epistemological Level cyc-formula that can be canonicalized and reified as one or more KB assertions.  assertion is used as an argument type for meta-predicates such as overrides.")

;;; astronomical-object
(isa astronomical-object existing-object-type)
(genls astronomical-object inanimate-object--natural)
(genls astronomical-object tangible-thing)
(comment astronomical-object "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of astronomical-object is an object of interest to astronomers, which includes the Earth along with other objects in outer space.  Some, but not all, elements of astronomical-object belong to celestial-object, the collection of heavenly bodies visible from earth.  Examples: polaris--the-star, the sun, planet-saturn.")

;;; asymmetric-binary-predicate
(isa asymmetric-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(isa asymmetric-binary-predicate collection)
(genls asymmetric-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(genls asymmetric-binary-predicate irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genls asymmetric-binary-predicate anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(comment asymmetric-binary-predicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of anti-symmetric-binary-predicate whose elements represent asymmetric relations.  A predicate F is an element of asymmetric-binary-predicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and (F X Y) implies (not (F Y X)).  For example, north-of, children, greater-than, overrides.



Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of asymmetric-binary-predicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also note-on-argument-typing-and-properties-of-relations.")

;;; athlete
(isa athlete occupation-type)
(genls athlete professional)
(genls athlete person)
(comment athlete "A collection of persons.  Each element of athlete is a person who trains to compete in contests involving physical agility, stamina, or strength.  In the job-mt, athlete is a subset of professional (q.v.), and hence in that microtheory represents the collection of professional athletes.")

;;; athletic-activity
(isa athletic-activity script-type)
(genls athletic-activity exercising)
(comment athletic-activity "Any athletic activity, not just sports events.  E.g., spelunking, or going for a jog, or shooting a few hoops.")

;;; atlantic-ocean
(isa atlantic-ocean entity)
(isa atlantic-ocean ocean)
(comment atlantic-ocean "The main body of salt water in the western-hemisphere--region, bordering on five continents (Western coasts of Europe and Africa, Antarctica, Eastern coasts of North and South Americas).")

;;; atom
(isa atom existing-object-type)
(genls atom chemical-object)
(comment atom "A collection of microscopic-scale objects.  Each instance of atom has one atomic nucleus and some number of electrons.  As a default, we assume that an instance of atom has no net charge, i.e., that it has as many instances of electrons as it does of protons in its atomic-nucleus; but note there are exceptions, e.g., in the subset ion.")

;;; atom-fn
(isa atom-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa atom-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl atom-fn atom)
(arg1-isa atom-fn element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons)
(arg1-genl atom-fn element-stuff)
(comment atom-fn "atom-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function.  It may be used to denote any subset of atom which contains all the atoms of a particular element type.  atom-fn takes an instance of element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons as its single argument and returns the collection of all atoms of that element.  Thus, for any E which is an element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons, (atom-fn E) returns the subset of atom which contains all the atoms of element type E.   Each atom in the collection (atom-fn E) has N protons in its atomic nucleus, where N is the atomic-number of the element type E.  For example, (atom-fn carbon) is the collection of carbon atoms, each of which has 6 protons in its nucleus.")

;;; atomic-nucleus
(isa atomic-nucleus existing-object-type)
(genls atomic-nucleus chemical-object)
(comment atomic-nucleus "A collection of objects; a subset of chemical-object.  Each instance of atomic-nucleus is an object composed of some definite number of instances of proton and some definite number of instances of neutron.  Instances of the collection atom are each composed of one member of atomic-nucleus and some number of electrons.")

;;; attempting-fn
(isa attempting-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa attempting-fn script-type)
(result-genl attempting-fn purposeful-action)
(arg1-isa attempting-fn script-type)
(arg1-isa attempting-fn temporal-object-type)
(arg1-genl attempting-fn action)
(comment attempting-fn "(attempting-fn ACTION-TYPE) maps from the collection ACTION-TYPE (a subset of action) to a collection of attempts to perform ACTION-TYPE.  Thus the result of (attempting-fn speaking) would be the collection of attempts at speaking, both those attempts which are successes (thus resulting in actual speakings), and those which are failures.  attempting-fn operates on the collection level, and is used to talk about kinds of attempts that can occur.  To talk about the specific attempt that brought about an event which actually occurred, use successful-attempt-fn.")

;;; attribute-type
(isa attribute-type collection)
(genls attribute-type object-type)
(comment attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of attribute-type is a collection of attributes.  Each element of attribute-type is a subset of attribute-value (q.v.).  Examples include sensory-attribute, body-part-position, orientation-attribute, security-clearance-level, computer-video-resolution, torque-vector, and many more.")

;;; attribute-value
(isa attribute-value attribute-type)
(isa attribute-value collection)
(genls attribute-value intangible-individual)
(genls attribute-value individual)
(comment attribute-value "The set of all attributes represented in Cyc. attribute-value includes quantities, such as 5 inches (i.e., (inch 5)) or 1000 dollars per year (i.e., (dollars-per-year 1000)), as well as qualities like hilly, rough, device-on, etc., which can be used to make assertions about the state of some tangible object.")
(synonymous-external-concept attribute-value s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "QUALITY")

;;; audible-sound
(isa audible-sound wave-propagation-type)
(genls audible-sound sound)
(comment audible-sound "A collection of events; a subset of sound.  Each element of audible-sound is a sound within the frequency range of human hearing.")

;;; audio-communicating
(isa audio-communicating temporal-stuff-type)
(isa audio-communicating default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls audio-communicating communicating)
(comment audio-communicating "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of communicating.  Each element of audio-communicating is a transmission of sound-borne information between two (or more) agents; e.g., talking, clapping, or performing music.")

;;; august
(isa august month-of-year-type)
(genls august calendar-month)

;;; authorized-agreement
(isa authorized-agreement existing-object-type)
(genls authorized-agreement agreement)
(comment authorized-agreement "The collection of generic agreements that are authorized by one of the agreeing parties (typically by the issuer of the document embodying the agreement).  authorized-agreements are generic in the sense that their authorizing agents are party to many similar agreements; for that reason, an authorized-agreement is typically given a unique identification number.  Examples: bank accounts, driver's licenses, stock certificates.")

;;; auto-dealership
(isa auto-dealership existing-object-type)
(genls auto-dealership retail-store)
(genls auto-dealership local-customer-contact-point)
(genls auto-dealership business)
(comment auto-dealership "Each instance is an establishment (an organization located at one site) that sells automobiles and other types of road vehicles to consumers.")

;;; automobile
(isa automobile product-type)
(isa automobile existing-object-type)
(genls automobile humanly-occupied-spatial-object)
(genls automobile road-vehicle)
(genls automobile contact-location)
(comment automobile "A collection of transportation devices -- those commonly known as `passenger cars.'  An instance of automobile is an element of road-vehicle which was designed for carrying about 4 passengers (give or take a factor of 2).  In addition to midsize cars, automobile includes elements belonging to the subsets sports-car and van.  This collection does NOT include motorcycles, pickups, buses, tractors, etc.")

;;; awake
(isa awake alertness)
(comment awake "awake is the alertness attribute of being awake.")

;;; axis-fn
(isa axis-fn reifiable-function)
(isa axis-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa axis-fn intrinsic-axis-of-object)
(arg1-isa axis-fn partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa axis-fn region-type)
(arg2-genl axis-fn side)
(arg3-isa axis-fn region-type)
(arg3-genl axis-fn side)
(comment axis-fn "(axis-fn OBJ REGIONTYP REGIONTYP) is a function that, applied to an individual object OBJ and two types of region of such an object, returns the axis through the object, determined by running the axis through the individual regions (of those types) of the object.  Thus axis-fn is an  individual-denoting-function that returns a particular axis of an individual object. (axis-fn OBJ FROM-SIDE TO-SIDE) denotes a directional axis, pointing from FROM-SIDE to TO-SIDE of OBJ and extending through it. For example, (axis-fn `Chair37' back-side front-side) would denote the back-to-front axis of Chair37. See also intrinsic-axis-of-object.")

;;; back-side
(isa back-side region-type)
(genls back-side side)
(comment back-side "The collection of all the entire back sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct sides, one of which faces in the backwards direction.")

;;; baked
(isa baked preparation-attribute)
(genl-attributes baked cooked)
(comment baked "The attribute baked is a specialized form of cooked.  Food that is baked has been prepared in an event of baking-food, using a $RegularOven.")

;;; baking-food
(isa baking-food temporal-object-type)
(isa baking-food default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls baking-food cooking-food)
(comment baking-food "A collection of events in which food is baked in a regular-oven.  After an event of baking-food, the food involved has been baked.")

;;; balcony-level-in-a-construction
(isa balcony-level-in-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls balcony-level-in-a-construction container-product)
(genls balcony-level-in-a-construction level-of-a-construction)
(comment balcony-level-in-a-construction "This refers to those overhanging levels or balconies found in some churches, theatres, etc.  They ARE NOT the kind of balcony that protrude from a window or from an already existing level.  These levels are often a third the size of the floor or level below them, and therefore can be called legitimate levels themselves.  They usually contain a mob of seats.")

;;; bangladesh
(isa bangladesh independent-country)
(isa bangladesh entity)

;;; bank-debit-card
(isa bank-debit-card existing-object-type)
(genls bank-debit-card card)
(genls bank-debit-card tender-object)
(genls bank-debit-card i-d-document)
(genls bank-debit-card official-document)
(comment bank-debit-card "A collection of official `documents'.  Each element of bank-debit-card is a plastic card that enables the holder to access the account with which the card is associated; typically used to withdraw funds from the account.  Cf. credit-card.")

;;; bartering
(isa bartering temporal-object-type)
(isa bartering default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls bartering exchange-of-user-rights)
(genls bartering transaction)
(comment bartering "The collection of transactions between two agents in which one agent gives items or services to another agent, and the other agent gives items or services in return, and neither of the items or services is money, credit, or payment of money.")

;;; base-k-b
(isa base-k-b broad-microtheory)
(genl-mt base-k-b base-k-b)
(comment base-k-b "base-k-b is the most general microtheory currently in use.  Assertions in this context are `accessible' from any other microtheory via the genl-mt relation.  In the partial order of microtheories, all microtheories have access to base-k-b.  An assertion which is true here will by default be true in every context.  The `content' of base-k-b consists of very general assertions which are expected to be usable in most or all applications of Cyc, as well as Cyc's most fundamental assertions that it uses in inference, and all completely universal, timeless truths.")

;;; basement-level-in-a-construction
(isa basement-level-in-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls basement-level-in-a-construction level-of-a-construction)
(comment basement-level-in-a-construction "Any level of a building which is underground.")

;;; battle
(isa battle script-type)
(isa battle temporal-object-type)
(genls battle hostile-social-action)
(comment battle "The collection of events in which two or more large groups of persons meet and fight one another, each group seeking to vanquish (some of) the others.  battles are often conducted by military-organizations, and they may influence the outcomes of waging-war.  A battle will have as sub-events at least two physically-attacking-an-agent events, in which one of the fighting groups attacks the other.")

;;; belief-system
(isa belief-system belief-system-type)
(genls belief-system mental-object)
(comment belief-system "The collection of ideologies (systems of belief) in terms of which an agent characterizes (i.e., makes sense of) their world.  Elements of this set include: vegetarian-beliefs, german-nazi-ideology, republican-ideology, communist-ideology, pacifist-ideology, atheism, etc. See also conventional-classification-system.")

;;; belief-system-type
(isa belief-system-type collection)
(genls belief-system-type stuff-type)
(comment belief-system-type "The collection of all the kinds of belief-systems: religious, philosophical, political, ethical, cultural, and scientific.  Some elements of this collection include religion, philosophy-beliefs, etc.  The most general member of this set is belief-systems (qv).")

;;; bendable
(isa bendable physical-structural-attribute)
(genl-attributes bendable flexible)
(comment bendable "A physical attribute.  bendable is the physical-structural-attribute of an object that tends to stay in the contorted shape when contorted.  Note: for something to be bendable, it must be flexible.")

;;; bengali-language
(isa bengali-language living-language)
(comment bengali-language "Language spoken in the Indic area.")

;;; bicycle
(isa bicycle existing-object-type)
(genls bicycle land-transportation-device)
(genls bicycle device--user-powered)
(comment bicycle "The collection of all bicycles, personal wheeled transport devices powered by human peddling.   Most Bicycles have two main wheels arranged in-line, but some tandem bicycles have more than two wheels.")

;;; bilaterally-symmetric-object
(isa bilaterally-symmetric-object existing-object-type)
(genls bilaterally-symmetric-object spatial-thing)
(comment bilaterally-symmetric-object "The collection of objects which are symmetric on both sides of a bisecting axis, as are most vertebrates.")

;;; bill--payment-request
(isa bill--payment-request existing-object-type)
(genls bill--payment-request official-document)
(genls bill--payment-request hardcopy-information-bearing-object)
(genls bill--payment-request textual-material)
(comment bill--payment-request "A collection of documents.  Each element of bill--payment-request is a notification, demand, or request made by a creditor (or its agent) to a debtor, for payment of a debt previously incurred for some loan, goods, or services.  Examples: telephone bills, tax bills, department store bills, cleaning bills, fuel bills.")

;;; billing-location
(isa billing-location contact-location-type)
(genls billing-location mailing-location)
(comment billing-location "A collection of places; a subset of contact-location.  Each element of billing-location is a location to which invoices are sent.  For most private individuals, their billing location is their home address.")

;;; binary-predicate
(isa binary-predicate predicate-category)
(isa binary-predicate collection)
(genls binary-predicate predicate)
(comment binary-predicate "binary-predicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take two arguments.")
(synonymous-external-concept binary-predicate s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TWO-PLACE-RELATION")

;;; bio-deterioration-resistance
(isa bio-deterioration-resistance primitive-attribute-type)
(genls bio-deterioration-resistance scalar-interval)
(genls bio-deterioration-resistance physical-attribute)
(comment bio-deterioration-resistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of bio-deterioration-resistance represents a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist biological deterioration.  Degrees of bio-deterioration-resistance may be represented using generic-value-functions.  Indicate a particular object's bio-deterioration-resistance with the predicate resistance-to-bio-deterioration.")

;;; biological-catabolism-event
(isa biological-catabolism-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-catabolism-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-catabolism-event biological-metabolism-event)
(genls biological-catabolism-event biological-destruction-event)
(comment biological-catabolism-event "A collection of events.  Each biological-catabolism-event involve the destruction of larger molecules.  E.g., the degradation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases energy used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).")

;;; biological-class
(isa biological-class biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-class biological-taxon)
(comment biological-class "The collection of taxonomic subdivisions directly under biological-phylum (for animals and for the animal-like organisms in the protista-kingdom), or biological-division (for the plants and for the plant-like organisms within the protista-kingdom).")

;;; biological-decomposition-event
(isa biological-decomposition-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-decomposition-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-decomposition-event biological-destruction-event)
(genls biological-decomposition-event decomposition-event)
(comment biological-decomposition-event "A collection of events.  In each biological-decomposition-event, some living structures are decomposed.")

;;; biological-destruction-event
(isa biological-destruction-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-destruction-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-destruction-event biological-event)
(genls biological-destruction-event destruction-event)
(comment biological-destruction-event "A collection of events.  In each element of biological-destruction-event, something is destroyed by some element(s) of biological-living-object.  For example, digesting-in-stomach is a subset of biological-destruction-event.")

;;; biological-development-event
(isa biological-development-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-development-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-development-event intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls biological-development-event biological-event)
(comment biological-development-event "A collection of events, and a subset of intrinsic-state-change-events.  In each biological-development-event, one or more living things undergo biological changes in which they progress from one developmental stage to another.  For example, the germination of a seed, the opening of a flower, the pupating of a caterpillar, a teenager reaching puberty.  Some borderline non-examples include: Groucho Marx being born, Groucho Marx dying.")

;;; biological-division
(isa biological-division biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-division biological-taxon)
(comment biological-division "The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of biological-kingdom (or biological-subkingdom) for the members of the monera-kingdom (i.e., prokaryotes), fungus Kingdom, plant Kingdom, and for the plant-like organisms within the protista-kingdom.  In the animal Kingdom, however, the main taxonomic subdivisions are elements of biological-phylum (q.v.) rather than biological-division.")

;;; biological-event
(isa biological-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-event physical-event)
(comment biological-event "An event in which a biological thing is a bodily-doer.")

;;; biological-family
(isa biological-family biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-family biological-taxon)
(comment biological-family "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below biological-order and above biological-genus.  Especially important in Botanical classification.")

;;; biological-genus
(isa biological-genus biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-genus biological-taxon)
(comment biological-genus "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below biological-family and above biological-species.  Sometimes, hybrids are possible between different instances of biological-species that belong to the same biological-genus.")

;;; biological-intake-event
(isa biological-intake-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-intake-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-intake-event biological-transportation-event)
(comment biological-intake-event "A collection of processes.  In each element of biological-intake-event, some object(s) are taken into some living structure.")

;;; biological-kingdom
(isa biological-kingdom biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-kingdom biological-taxon)
(comment biological-kingdom "The collection of the highest, most general taxonomic divisions of organisms.  Traditionally, it has included the elements of animal and of plant and may include separate kingdoms for the elements of prokaryotic-cell, single-celled eukaryotes (protists), and fungi.")

;;; biological-living-object
(isa biological-living-object existing-object-type)
(genls biological-living-object organic-stuff)
(genls biological-living-object composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(comment biological-living-object "A collection of all structures that are composed of one or more living cells (see cell).  Biological living objects (BLOs) may be either elements of organism--whole (like dogs or pine trees) or are components of such whole organisms (like noses, tails, and pine needles).  The healthy leg of a living person is a BLO (as is the person), but an amputated leg is not a BLO.  Every element of biological-living-object is either capable of biological reproduction itself or has components which are capable of biological reproduction (such as the cells in a living arm).")

;;; biological-metabolism-event
(isa biological-metabolism-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-metabolism-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-metabolism-event biological-event)
(comment biological-metabolism-event "The collection of biological processes in which substrates are converted into metabolites.  The metabolites may be more or less complex than the substrates.")

;;; biological-order
(isa biological-order biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-order biological-taxon)
(comment biological-order "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions below biological-class (or biological-subclass) and above biological-family.")

;;; biological-phylum
(isa biological-phylum biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-phylum biological-taxon)
(comment biological-phylum "The collection of main taxonomic subdivisions of biological-kingdom (or biological-subkingdom if present) for the animal kingdom and for the animal-like organisms within the protista-kingdom.  The other elements of biological-kingdom have divisions belonging to biological-division instead of Phyla (Phyla is the plural of Phylum).")

;;; biological-production-event
(isa biological-production-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-production-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-production-event creation-event)
(genls biological-production-event biological-event)
(comment biological-production-event "A collection of events.  In each element of biological-production-event, raw materials are combined to produce a product, and some element(s) of biological-living-object is the producer.  E.g., the production of honey by honeybees, the growth of a seedling into a tree, the secretion of sweat by a marathon runner, etc.  

Note:  This is a very general collection, and for most purposes one of its subsets will better capture what is intended.")

;;; biological-reproduction-event
(isa biological-reproduction-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-reproduction-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-reproduction-event biological-event)
(genls biological-reproduction-event biological-production-event)
(comment biological-reproduction-event "A collection of events.  Each element of biological-reproduction-event is an event in which one or more biological organisms (the parent-actors) produce new organisms (the offspring-actors) generally of the same kind as the parents.")

;;; biological-species
(isa biological-species biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-species biological-taxon)
(comment biological-species "A collection of the lowest taxons (biological-taxon, q.v.) that are necessarily common to both parents of fertile offspring, or, in the case of asexual reproduction, necessarily common to parent and child.  Members of different species cannot produce fertile offspring by interbreeding.  An element of biological-species has members who all have significant traits in common, and members of each biological species have other members as parents.  In biological taxonomy, related species are grouped into a particular element of biological-genus (q.v.).")

;;; biological-stage-of-development
(isa biological-stage-of-development existing-object-type)
(genls biological-stage-of-development biological-living-object)
(comment biological-stage-of-development "The collection of all the particular stages of existence of all living things.  Each element of biological-stage-of-development is a spatiotemporal portion of the life of some instance of biological-living-object.  Typical cases (i.e., subsets) include larva, pupa, adult-animal, etc.  For example, the pupal stage of a particular Monarch butterfly, or my American Beauty rose bush during the stage when it was blooming last year, or Teddy Roosevelt during his 13th year.  See also the related Cyc predicates developmental-successor and developmental-stages.



")

;;; biological-subclass
(isa biological-subclass biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-subclass biological-taxon)
(comment biological-subclass "The collection of biological taxonomic subdivisions more specific than biological-class but more general than biological-order.")

;;; biological-subkingdom
(isa biological-subkingdom biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-subkingdom biological-taxon)
(comment biological-subkingdom "The collection of biological subkingdoms, the biological taxonomic divisions of organisms immediately below biological-kingdom.")

;;; biological-taxon
(isa biological-taxon biological-taxon-type)
(genls biological-taxon conventional-classification-type)
(genls biological-taxon organism-classification-type)
(comment biological-taxon "The collection of ranked categories accepted by biologists for the biological classification of organisms according to their suspected evolutionary relationships.  Includes all levels of taxons.  See also biological-taxon-type and organism-classification-type.")

;;; biological-taxon-type
(isa biological-taxon-type disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa biological-taxon-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls biological-taxon-type conventional-classification-type)
(genls biological-taxon-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(comment biological-taxon-type "A collection of collections; biological-taxon-type contains the classes of organism types (i.e., taxons) that biologists recognize, including biological-species, biological-phylum, etc.   The naive classes that non-biologists use may be instances of some element of biological-taxon-type, though often they are not.  When they coincide, the commonsense class of organism (e.g., person) is an instance of some biological-taxon-type (biological-species, for example).  See also organism-classification-type.")

;;; biological-transportation-event
(isa biological-transportation-event temporal-object-type)
(isa biological-transportation-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls biological-transportation-event transportation-event)
(genls biological-transportation-event biological-event)
(comment biological-transportation-event "The collection of processes involving living structures in which objects are transported.")

;;; bird
(isa bird biological-class)
(genls bird vertebrate)
(genls bird non-person-animal)
(genls bird terrestrial-organism)
(comment bird "The collection of birds; a subset of vertebrate.  Each element of bird is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal, covered with feathers, having forelimbs modified as wings and a beak rather than teeth.  Members of most, but not all, species of bird can fly.  bird is an instance of biological-class.")

;;; birth-event
(isa birth-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa birth-event temporal-object-type)
(genls birth-event medical-care-event)
(genls birth-event emitting-an-object)
(genls birth-event pregnancy-ending-event)
(genls birth-event biological-development-event)
(comment birth-event "The collection of events in which one animal (prototypically, a mammal) gives birth to another.  The mother is the birth-parent and the child is the birth-child.  Both are object-of-state-change; the mother goes from being pregnant to not pregnant, while the child goes from the embryo life stage to the juvenile-animal life stage (see biological-stage-of-development.")

;;; blimp-the-airship
(isa blimp-the-airship product-type)
(isa blimp-the-airship existing-object-type)
(genls blimp-the-airship transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls blimp-the-airship air-transportation-device)
(genls blimp-the-airship container-product)
(comment blimp-the-airship "The collection of all dirigible, motorized, lighter-than-air craft (airships).  Each generally consists of a gas-filled gas-sack from which a control and passenger cabin hangs (the gas-sack may or may not have rigid reinforcement such as ribs).  A BlimpTheAirship flies more slowly than an airplane.  They are also called blimps, dirigibles and Zeppelins.")

;;; blue-collar
(isa blue-collar job-attribute)
(comment blue-collar "An attribute; an element of job-attribute.  Blue collar jobs are those requiring a relatively high proportion of manual/physical labor.")

;;; blue-collar-worker
(isa blue-collar-worker occupation-type)
(genls blue-collar-worker professional)
(comment blue-collar-worker "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of blue-collar-worker is a person whose occupation is manual-labor intensive, sometimes demanding physical strength and, in some jobs, considerable skill, practical judgment, and work experience.  Types of blue-collar workers include miners, truck drivers, steelworkers, construction workers, agricultural workers, laborers, mechanics, garbage collectors, assembly line workers, janitorial workers, etc.  Their jobs may require some specialized training or apprenticeship but don't require a college degree.")

;;; boat--water-transportation-device
(isa boat--water-transportation-device product-type)
(isa boat--water-transportation-device existing-object-type)
(genls boat--water-transportation-device container-product)
(genls boat--water-transportation-device water-transportation-device)
(comment boat--water-transportation-device "A collection of water transportation devices.  An instance of boat--water-transportation-device is a device for transporting people and/or objects through or over water without getting them wet; thus, instances of rowboat or ship (as opposed to jet-ski or surfboard or sailboard).")

;;; bodily-function-event
(isa bodily-function-event temporal-stuff-type)
(isa bodily-function-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls bodily-function-event single-doer-action)
(genls bodily-function-event physiological-process)
(genls bodily-function-event animal-activity)
(comment bodily-function-event "The collection of animal activities that are regular bodily functions; examples include: a particular eating event, a particular breathing event, etc.")

;;; bodily-function-event--involuntary
(isa bodily-function-event--involuntary temporal-stuff-type)
(isa bodily-function-event--involuntary default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls bodily-function-event--involuntary bodily-function-event)
(comment bodily-function-event--involuntary "This is the subset of bodily-function-event whose elements are actions in which the `doer' is, by definition, a non-deliberate-actors.  Specializations (subsets) of bodily-function-event--involuntary include having-a-seizure, blushing, bleeding, experiencing-hunger, etc.
Note: if the `doer' of an involuntary bodily function is an organism--whole, then use bodily-doer to describe its role in the event.")

;;; body-movement-event
(isa body-movement-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa body-movement-event temporal-object-type)
(genls body-movement-event animal-activity)
(genls body-movement-event single-doer-action)
(genls body-movement-event movement-event)
(comment body-movement-event "The collection of activities in which an animal agent moves a part of its own body, whether consciously and intentionally or reflexively.  body-movement-event includes subsets such as taking-a-step, blocking-a-punch, hiccoughing, and blinking-ones-eyes.")

;;; body-of-water
(isa body-of-water existing-object-type)
(genls body-of-water 
  (liquid-fn water))
(genls body-of-water topographical-feature)
(genls body-of-water outdoor-location)
(comment body-of-water "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of body-of-water is a natural or artificial body of water.  Elements may belong to specialized subsets such as lake, stream, and ocean. body-of-water includes reservoirs, canals, and navigation channels that are developed and/or enlarged by humans.  However, it does not include smaller purely-artificial bodies of water such as swimming-pools or tanks of water.  Examples of body-of-water: hudson-bay, panama-canal, adriatic-sea, bay-of-bengal, niagara-falls.")

;;; body-part-collection-fn
(isa body-part-collection-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa body-part-collection-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl body-part-collection-fn animal-body-part)
(arg1-isa body-part-collection-fn animal)
(arg2-isa body-part-collection-fn animal-body-part-type)
(arg2-genl body-part-collection-fn animal-body-part)
(comment body-part-collection-fn "body-part-collection-fn is a collection-denoting-function, that is, it is a Cyc function which `returns' (i.e., `has') a collection as its value.  Here is an example of what it does.  The expression (body-part-collection-fn abraham-lincoln fingernail) returns, as its value, a collection of ten elements, each of which represents one of the fingernails of Abraham Lincoln.  In cases where an animal is likely to only have one part of that type (e.g., head, heart, nose, nervous system), it makes more sense to use the function body-part-fn (qv), rather than using this one, getting a singleton set back, and extracting its lone element.")

;;; body-part-fn
(isa body-part-fn reifiable-function)
(isa body-part-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa body-part-fn animal-body-part)
(arg1-isa body-part-fn animal)
(arg2-isa body-part-fn animal-body-part-type)
(arg2-isa body-part-fn unique-anatomical-part-type)
(arg2-genl body-part-fn animal-body-part)
(comment body-part-fn "body-part-fn is an individual-denoting-function, that is, it is a Cyc function which `returns' (i.e., `has') a single individual object as its value.  (body-part-fn DeborahNichols heart) represent's Deborah's one and only heart.  That nonatomic term can be used almost anywhere that the term DeborahNicholsHeart could have been used, but this way we needn't reify that other term, and so on.  Note that the second argument to this function --- i.e., the  animal-body-part-type --- must be a unique-anatomical-part-type, that is, a kind of part of which an animal can have only one.  If an animal can have multiple parts of that type, such as finger, then use the function body-part-collection-fn instead of body-part-fn.")

;;; body-part-position
(isa body-part-position attribute-type)
(genls body-part-position physiological-attribute)
(comment body-part-position "The collection of attributes describing the position of a body part (or a whole body).  A body-part-position may be determined relative to the body's environment (as with postures) or merely with respect to the body part itself (e.g., flexed, extended).")

;;; boiling
(isa boiling temporal-object-type)
(isa boiling default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls boiling physical-state-change-event)
(comment boiling "A collection of events.  In each boiling, a piece of liquid matter is raised to its boiling-point and is thereby changed from being in the liquid-state-of-matter to being in the gaseous-state-of-matter.
Note:  this is not intended to cover the cases of heat/evacuation causing a solid to sublime directly into a gas.")

;;; book
(isa book existing-object-type)
(genls book published-material)
(comment book "A form of hardcopy-information-bearing-object consisting of folded, cut, bound, and usually printed sheets.  books are often textual-material, but sometimes contain only images.")

;;; bookkeeping-mt
(isa bookkeeping-mt microtheory)
(genl-mt bookkeeping-mt cyclists-mt)
(genl-mt bookkeeping-mt base-k-b)
(comment bookkeeping-mt "A microtheory for stating basic cyc bookkeeping information, such as assertions using my-creator and my-creation-time.")

;;; bookkeeping-predicate
(isa bookkeeping-predicate predicate-category)
(isa bookkeeping-predicate collection)
(genls bookkeeping-predicate predicate)
(comment bookkeeping-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of bookkeeping-predicate is a predicate used to form assertions about the creation and internal representation of a Cyc constant.  Bookkeeping predicates neither specify nor constrain the semantics of Cyc constants.  Examples:  my-creator, my-creation-time, term-of-unit, multiplication-units, quotient-units.")

;;; border
(isa border object-type)
(genls border spatial-thing)
(comment border "The collection of all lines, linear regions, or dividing planes or surfaces--physical or abstract--that each constitutes the boundary between (forms-border-between) two regions (i.e., two elements of spatial-thing).")

;;; border-between-fn
(isa border-between-fn reifiable-function)
(isa border-between-fn commutative-relation)
(isa border-between-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa border-between-fn line)
(result-isa border-between-fn border)
(arg1-isa border-between-fn geographical-region)
(arg2-isa border-between-fn geographical-region)
(comment border-between-fn "(border-between-fn REG1 REG2), applied to two individual geographical-regions REG1 REG2, returns the unique entire geopolitical-border that separates them.   To identify arbitrarily large or small segments of borders see forms-border-part.  The border returned by border-between-fn may be discontinuous (such the border between France and Spain, interrupted by Andorra), or circular (such as the border between Italy and San Marino), or in abnormal cases it may even have multiple disconnected and nested cyclic fragments (the border between Belgium and Netherlands, due to the Baarle-Nassau and Baarle-Hartog enclaves), or move back and forth periodically (such as at the Isle des Faisans).  Nonetheless, (border-between-fn REG1 REG2) must denote exactly one object since border-between-fn is a function.  Reference to nonexistant borders such (border-between-fn albania united-states-of-america) should cause Cyc to realize that they are undefined.  For example, if Cyc concludes that (borders-on united-states-of-america albania) is not true, then it should conclude (undefined (border-between-fn albania united-states-of-america)).
 ")

;;; boredom
(isa boredom feeling-attribute-type)
(genls boredom apathy)
(genls boredom feeling-attribute)
(comment boredom "A state of dissatisfaction, weariness, or restlessness accompanied by a lack of interest.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  A related feeling-attribute-type is apathy.")

;;; borrowing-something
(isa borrowing-something temporal-object-type)
(isa borrowing-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls borrowing-something transferring-possession)
(genls borrowing-something temporary-change-of-user-rights)
(comment borrowing-something "A collection of events; a subset of temporary-change-of-user-rights.  In an instance of borrowing-something, an agent takes temporary control of something, usually with the permission of its owner(s).  Generally, the lending agent expects the borrowing agent to use the object for one of its normal functions (intended-behavior-capable).")

;;; botanical-organ
(isa botanical-organ existing-object-type)
(genls botanical-organ plant-part)
(comment botanical-organ "A subset of plant-part, the collection botanical-organ includes parts of a plant which are major morphological and functional divisions of individual plants, typically consisting of stems, flowers, roots, leaves, etc.")

;;; bottom-side
(isa bottom-side region-type)
(genls bottom-side side)
(comment bottom-side "The collection of all the entire bottom sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct sides, one of which faces down.")

;;; brain
(isa brain animal-body-part-type)
(isa brain unique-anatomical-part-type)
(genls brain organ)
(comment brain "The collection of all animal brains.  An individual brain is an organ which controls most bodily movement, recieves sensory input from the body and objects outside the body, and in which the mind operates, being the locus for all mental-objects.")

;;; brazil
(isa brazil independent-country)
(isa brazil entity)
(comment brazil "Brazil throughout time, both political and physical aspects.")

;;; breathing
(isa breathing temporal-stuff-type)
(isa breathing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls breathing body-movement-event)
(genls breathing air-respiration)
(comment breathing "A collection of activities constituting a natural physiological-function; breathing is the collection of air-respiration events in which the respiring organism takes air into its internal lungs, where the gas exchange occurs.  See also respiration.")

;;; brittle
(isa brittle physical-structural-attribute)
(comment brittle "A physical attribute.  brittle is the physical-structural-attribute of a substance which breaks easily when subjected to a low or moderate impact or application of force, such as most instances of glass.")

;;; broad-microtheory
(isa broad-microtheory microtheory-type)
(isa broad-microtheory collection)
(genls broad-microtheory microtheory)
(comment broad-microtheory "The collection of those microtheories that contain so many assertions that they are not useful for `relevance' focusing during inference.  (A broad-microtheory is not used internally in Cyc's indexing scheme during inference.)  Examples: base-k-b and english-mt.")

;;; building
(isa building existing-object-type)
(isa building product-type)
(genls building fixed-structure)
(genls building human-shelter-construction)
(genls building real-estate)
(comment building "A collection of artifacts; a subset of fixed-structure and of human-shelter-construction.  An instance of building is typically a substantial structure and must have walls and a roof, with rooms inside or at least some area designed to be occupied by humans (but not necessarily as a residence).  Examples include the Empire State Building, Michael Jackson's house in L.A., King Arthur's castle, an aircraft-hangar at O'Hare, a lighthouse in the Mediterranean sea, the sydney-opera-house, the washington-monument-in-washington-d-c, etc.")

;;; building-material
(isa building-material conventional-classification-type)
(isa building-material product-type)
(genls building-material artifact)
(comment building-material "A collection of tangible things.  An instance of building-material is a material thing typically used in making new structures.  Instances of building-material include a piece of lumber, a brick, a slab of concrete, a roof shingle, a copper nail, a double-paned storm window, etc.")

;;; bus--road-vehicle
(isa bus--road-vehicle product-type)
(isa bus--road-vehicle existing-object-type)
(genls bus--road-vehicle road-vehicle)
(comment bus--road-vehicle "The collection of all buses, transport vehicles for ground transportation of many (they have room for at least 10, probably fewer than 60) people.  A bus usually is driven by a professional bus driver.")

;;; bush
(isa bush existing-object-type)
(genls bush plant--woody)
(comment bush "A collection of plants; a subset of plant--woody.  The collection bush includes all bushes, i.e., woody plants of branching growth habit that lack substantial trunks and are not usually taller than a person (and they are shorter than most specimens of tree--the-plant).   This is a commonsense collection without distinct boundaries.")

;;; business
(isa business existing-object-type)
(genls business commercial-organization)
(comment business "The collection of organizations intended to make profits, i.e., make money for agents that own them.  All businesses are commercial-organizations (they must buy or sell something), but not all commercial-organizations are businesses.  In a franchise organization, the parent-company is regarded as a business, while the sub-organizations are merely instances of commercial-organization.  businesses are typically legal-agents, while commercial-organizations need not be.")

;;; business-event
(isa business-event temporal-object-type)
(isa business-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls business-event composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment business-event "A collection of events.  Each element of business-event is an intentional occurrence that is closely associated with, and either helps or hinders, the business purpose of some agent.  Examples include: the development of General Motors' business plan for 1996; an individual sales call on a particular customer; printing the 1996 Yellow Pages directory for the Austin, TX, area; selling a newspaper; designing and manufacturing a new memory chip.  business-event does NOT include purely social or recreational occurrences.")

;;; business-person
(isa business-person occupation-type)
(genls business-person professional)
(comment business-person "A collection of persons; a subset of professional. Each element of business-person is a person whose occupation is primarily in the ownership and/or operation of a business.")

;;; business-relationship-activity
(isa business-relationship-activity script-type)
(isa business-relationship-activity temporal-stuff-type)
(genls business-relationship-activity social-occurrence)
(genls business-relationship-activity business-event)
(comment business-relationship-activity "A collection of events; a subset of both business-event and social-occurrence.  Each instance of business-relationship-activity is a (usually long-term) social activity whose participants are related by some business relationship.  The social events constituting a business-relationship-activity further, either directly or indirectly, the (usually mutual) business interests of the participants.  A business-relationship-activity is typically carried out over multiple social occasions and may consist of many sub-events.")

;;; buying
(isa buying default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa buying temporal-object-type)
(genls buying buying-activity)
(genls buying monetary-exchange-of-user-rights)
(comment buying "A collection of events.  Each element of buying is an event in which an agent voluntarily pays to acquire something tangible or intangible, or for the performance of a service.  Payment may be in money or other exchange of wealth.  Elements of buying may include sub-events of negotiation, the act of paying, and the transfer of the purchased thing to the buyer.  Examples of buying include: purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring a personal life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market.")

;;; buying-activity
(isa buying-activity temporal-object-type)
(isa buying-activity default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls buying-activity commercial-activity)
(comment buying-activity "A collection of events.  buying-activity very generally includes events related to purchasing goods or services.  Each element of buying-activity is an event that is either (i) a common prelude to buying (i.e., the kinds of activities that contribute to their doers becoming buyers), or (ii) an element of buying itself.  Examples of buying-activity include shopping for, or ordering, something very specific, and also general expressions of interest in purchasing something, such as placing an `Item Wanted' ad in a newspaper.")

;;; c-g-s-unit-of-measure
(isa c-g-s-unit-of-measure relation-type)
(genls c-g-s-unit-of-measure unit-of-measure)
(comment c-g-s-unit-of-measure "A subset of unit-of-measure.  c-g-s-unit-of-measure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the CGS (i.e., centimeter-gram-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities.  Examples: centimeters-per-second, cubic-centimeter, gram, seconds-duration.")

;;; calendar-autumn
(isa calendar-autumn calendar-season-type)
(genls calendar-autumn calendar-season)
(comment calendar-autumn "The calendar season that begins at autumnal equinox and runs until winter solstice.")

;;; calendar-century
(isa calendar-century calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-century time-interval)
(comment calendar-century "The collection of centuries that make up the calendar (1900's, 1700's etc.)  An example of such a constant in Cyc is the-nineteenth-century-a-d ")

;;; calendar-covering-type
(isa calendar-covering-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls calendar-covering-type temporal-object-type)
(comment calendar-covering-type "calendar-covering-type is a collection of collections.  An element ?CC of calendar-covering-type  is itself a collection, a type of time interval, such that the union of all the instances of ?CC would completely cover all of time without overlap.  Thus, calendar-year is a calendar-covering-type because all of time consists of a sequence of non-overlapping calendar-years.  Similarly calendar-month, calendar-day, calendar-hour, etc.  Notice that monday and december are NOT instances of calendar-covering-type, because all of time is not a sequence of Mondays, or Decembers.  Also notice that a collection Week -- defined as the set of all seven-day-long-periods-of-time -- would not be an instance of calendar-covering-type, since several different Weeks could overlap; e.g., the week beginning today and the week beginning yesterday and the week beginning tomorrow.")

;;; calendar-day
(isa calendar-day collection)
(isa calendar-day script-type)
(isa calendar-day calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-day date)
(comment calendar-day "The collection of days that make up the calendar.  This is a collection of disjoint but contiguous time intervals.  One of its elements is Thursday, August 1, 1996.")

;;; calendar-decade
(isa calendar-decade calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-decade time-interval)
(comment calendar-decade "The collection of decades that make up the calendar; e.g., the1970s.")

;;; calendar-half-century
(isa calendar-half-century calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-half-century time-interval)
(comment calendar-half-century "The collection of exact half-centuries on the calendar, such as first-half-of20th-century-c-e")

;;; calendar-hour
(isa calendar-hour collection)
(isa calendar-hour calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-hour date)
(genls calendar-hour time-of-day)
(comment calendar-hour "The collection of hours that make up the calendar.  These are contiguous and disjoint time intervals, except of course for particular instances that represent exactly the same 60-minute-long time interval.  See calendar-day.")

;;; calendar-minute
(isa calendar-minute collection)
(isa calendar-minute calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-minute date)
(comment calendar-minute "The collection of minutes that make up the calendar.  These are contiguous and disjoint time intervals, except of course for particular instances that represent exactly the same 60-second-long time interval.  See calendar-day.  Sixty of these partition each calendar-hour")

;;; calendar-month
(isa calendar-month collection)
(isa calendar-month calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-month date)
(comment calendar-month "The collection of months that make up the calendar.  This is a collection of disjoint but contiguous time intervals.  One of its subsets is february, which is the set of all Februaries; one of its elements is February 1992 (month-fn february (year-fn 1992)), a particular time interval.")

;;; calendar-quarter
(isa calendar-quarter collection)
(isa calendar-quarter calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-quarter date)
(comment calendar-quarter "The collection of calendar quarters that divide up a calendar year into four parts.  For each year, the first of its four quarters includes January, February, and March; the second includes April, May, and June, and so on.")

;;; calendar-season
(isa calendar-season calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-season time-interval)
(comment calendar-season "This is the set of all calendar seasons.  Four of its largest subsets are calendar-winter, calendar-spring, calendar-summer, and calendar-autumn")

;;; calendar-season-type
(isa calendar-season-type cyclical-interval-group-type)
(genls calendar-season-type annual-event-type)
(genls calendar-season-type temporally-disjoint-interval-type)
(comment calendar-season-type "This is the collection whose four elements are calendar-winter, calendar-spring, calendar-summer, and calendar-autumn.")

;;; calendar-second
(isa calendar-second collection)
(isa calendar-second calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-second date)
(comment calendar-second "The collection of seconds that make up the calendar.  Sixty of these time-intervals contiguously divide up each calendar-minute (qv)")

;;; calendar-spring
(isa calendar-spring calendar-season-type)
(genls calendar-spring calendar-season)
(comment calendar-spring "The calendar season that begins at vernal equinox and runs until summer solstice.")

;;; calendar-summer
(isa calendar-summer calendar-season-type)
(genls calendar-summer calendar-season)
(comment calendar-summer "The calendar season that begins at summer solstice and runs until autumnal equinox.")

;;; calendar-week
(isa calendar-week calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-week date)
(comment calendar-week "The collection of weeks that make up the calendar.  This is a collection of disjoint but contiguous time intervals.  One of its elements is WeekOf2-14-1994.")

;;; calendar-winter
(isa calendar-winter calendar-season-type)
(genls calendar-winter calendar-season)
(comment calendar-winter "The calendar season that begins at winter solstice and runs until vernal equinox.")

;;; calendar-year
(isa calendar-year collection)
(isa calendar-year calendar-covering-type)
(genls calendar-year date)
(comment calendar-year "The collection of years that make up the calendar.  For example, the-year1972, the-year494-b-c.")

;;; calm
(isa calm feeling-attribute-type)
(genls calm relaxed--emotion)
(comment calm "A feeling of calmness or serenity, being quiet and free from disturbance.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  A related feeling-attribute-type is calm.")

;;; canal
(isa canal existing-object-type)
(genls canal stream)
(genls canal path--simple)
(genls canal path-artifact)
(comment canal "The collection of all canals, artificial waterways created to be paths for boats, or for irrigation (e.g., the panama-canal).")

;;; cancer
(isa cancer physiological-condition-type)
(genls cancer terminal-physiological-condition)
(genls cancer ailment-condition)
(comment cancer "The collection of all particular cases of cancer.  Instances of cancer may belong to any one of the many different types of disease that are studied and treated by oncologists.  Cancer is characterized by abnormal (and usually rapid) growth of cells in some organ or system of the body; these growths are then prone to dispersal (metastesis) into other body regions.  See also cancer-fn --- the expression (cancer-fn lung) represents a subset of cancer, namely the set of all lung cancers.")

;;; cancer-fn
(isa cancer-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa cancer-fn physiological-condition-type)
(result-genl cancer-fn cancer)
(arg1-isa cancer-fn existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl cancer-fn animal-body-part)
(comment cancer-fn "cancer-fn is a Cyc function, and in particular a collection-denoting-function.  It is used to describe cancers according to the part or region of the animal's body in which they are found.  (cancer-fn REGION) denotes the collection of all cancers found in the region of the body, REGION.  For example, (cancer-fn throat) represents the set of all throat cancers, and is a subset of cancer.")

;;; canoe
(isa canoe product-type)
(isa canoe existing-object-type)
(genls canoe boat--water-transportation-device)
(genls canoe device--user-powered)
(comment canoe "The collection of all canoes, small, narrow watercraft that are powered by human paddling, poling or by a small boat-engine.")

;;; capacity-attribute
(isa capacity-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls capacity-attribute attribute-value)
(comment capacity-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of capacity-attribute is an attribute representing a specific capacity in which an agent does an action.  For example, an action might be done as an agent's job (job-capacity) or hobby (hobby-capacity), as its main function (main-function) or an auxiliary function (support-function).")

;;; capital-city-of-region
(isa capital-city-of-region existing-object-type)
(genls capital-city-of-region city)
(comment capital-city-of-region "A collection of cities.  Each element of capital-city-of-region is an element of city (q.v.) that is the capital of its surrounding region.  This includes both capitals of countries and capitals of subregions.  Examples: city-of-rome-italy, city-of-cardiff-wales, city-of-austin-t-x, city-of-abidjan-ivory-coast, city-of-llasa-tibet, city-of-columbus-o-h (franklin-county-ohio).  See also capital-city, capital-city-of-this-state.")

;;; captive-animal
(isa captive-animal existing-object-type)
(genls captive-animal animal)
(comment captive-animal "The collection of all animals that are caged, tied, kept in an animal container, or otherwise held captive.  There is some intersection here with domestic-pet, but not complete.   Some elements of person are members of captive-animal, e.g., political detainees, imprisoned criminals, kidnap victims.")

;;; card
(isa card existing-object-type)
(genls card hardcopy-information-bearing-object)
(comment card "A collection of objects; a subset of hardcopy-information-bearing-object.  Each element of card is a small, sturdy sheet of stuff--usually cardstock paper, but could be plastic or thin metal--bearing some kind of information.  Some kinds are folded.  Examples: birthday cards, business cards, playing cards, postcards.")

;;; cargo-ship
(isa cargo-ship product-type)
(isa cargo-ship existing-object-type)
(genls cargo-ship ship)
(comment cargo-ship "The collection of all cargo ships, i.e., ships that by design can transport large amount of goods.")

;;; carnivore
(isa carnivore existing-object-type)
(genls carnivore organism--whole)
(comment carnivore "A collection of organisms classified by their typical source of food.  Elements of carnivore feed on animals.  Note: carnivore is not an instance of biological-taxon; e.g., carnivore contains dog as a subset but is not its biological taxon.  Note that a carnivore is not necessarily a heterotroph, as carnivorous plants both digest insects and produce food using chlorophyll.")

;;; causing-another-objects-translational-motion
(isa causing-another-objects-translational-motion temporal-object-type)
(isa causing-another-objects-translational-motion script-type)
(genls causing-another-objects-translational-motion action-on-object)
(genls causing-another-objects-translational-motion translation--complete)
(genls causing-another-objects-translational-motion translation--location-change)
(comment causing-another-objects-translational-motion "A collection of events.  In an instance of causing-another-objects-translational-motion, one object causes another object to undergo a translational motion.  The object causing the motion is the provider-of-motive-force.  The object which is caused to move is the object-acted-on (and also the object-moving) in the event.  One way to cause another object's motion is by carrying it along with one (see the subset carrying-while-locomoting), but there are many others, such as throwing, kicking, or knocking it away.  Examples: a train transporting passengers; a person pushing a coin into a vending machine; the release of a bowstring which propels an arrow; a magnet attracting a nail.")

;;; cavity
(isa cavity existing-object-type)
(genls cavity partially-tangible)
(comment cavity "The collection of all cavities, crevices or deep concavities or holes, including any cavity of a container, e.g., the interior of a box.  Elements of cavity, unlike elements of interior, may include walls as parts.")

;;; ceiling-of-a-room
(isa ceiling-of-a-room existing-object-type)
(genls ceiling-of-a-room part-of-building)
(comment ceiling-of-a-room "The collection of all ceilings of every instance of room-in-a-construction.  Note that, unlike walls, ceilings are conventionally considered to be 'one-sided' objects.  The other side of a ceiling-of-a-room may be a roof-of-a-construction, or in a modern-shelter-construction, more probably the floor-in-a-construction in another room.")

;;; cell
(isa cell existing-object-type)
(genls cell biological-living-object)
(comment cell "The collection of living cells; a subset of biological-living-object.  Each element of cell is one of the basic structural units of nearly all living things, consisting (at least) of cytoplasm bounded by a cell membrane. Only the living structures viruses, mitochondria, and plastids are not composed of cells.")

;;; cell-part
(isa cell-part existing-object-type)
(genls cell-part biological-living-object)
(genls cell-part microscopic-scale-object)
(comment cell-part "The collection of structures which are typically found and formed as parts of cells. This covers components of both eukaryotic-cells and prokaryotic-cells.  It includes organelles, vesicles, cell walls, extracellular matrix, plasma membranes, receptors, cellular humours, microtubules, etc.")

;;; cent--united-states
(isa cent--united-states unit-of-money)
(isa cent--united-states unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(result-isa cent--united-states money)
(result-isa cent--united-states scalar-interval)
(args-isa cent--united-states cyc-system-real-number)
(comment cent--united-states "An element of unit-of-money.  cent--united-states represents the smallest unit of money used officially in the United States of America; one-hundredth of a dollar--united-states.  See also unit-of-measure.")

;;; centimeter
(isa centimeter unit-of-distance)
(isa centimeter unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(isa centimeter c-g-s-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa centimeter distance)
(result-isa centimeter scalar-interval)
(args-isa centimeter cyc-system-real-number)
(comment centimeter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the centimeter, a unit used within the Metric system to measure length.  See also c-g-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; centimeters-per-second
(isa centimeters-per-second unit-of-speed)
(isa centimeters-per-second unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(isa centimeters-per-second c-g-s-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa centimeters-per-second scalar-interval)
(result-isa centimeters-per-second speed)
(result-isa centimeters-per-second vector-interval)
(args-isa centimeters-per-second cyc-system-real-number)
(comment centimeters-per-second "(centimeters-per-second NUMBER) returns a dimensionless rate or speed of NUMBER centimeters per second.  Notice that this result is not presently thought of as incorporating a vector, although it might be modified to do so at some point in the future if this should prove appropriate.")

;;; cereal-food-group
(isa cereal-food-group food-group-type)
(genls cereal-food-group food-or-drink-composite)
(genls cereal-food-group vegetable-matter)
(genls cereal-food-group edible-stuff)
(comment cereal-food-group "The food group consisting of grain products such as breads and cereals. Food that contains a significant amount of grain products should be specs of this.")

;;; cereal-plant
(isa cereal-plant organism-classification-type)
(genls cereal-plant plant--non-woody)
(comment cereal-plant "The collection of individual plants like corn, wheat, etc., which bear grains.")

;;; chain-organization
(isa chain-organization existing-object-type)
(genls chain-organization business)
(genls chain-organization legal-corporation)
(comment chain-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of chain-organization is a parent business which comes into contact with its customers or clients primarily through its geographically dispersed sub-organizations, which typically are (mostly) homogeneous in product line, style of physical quarters, local organizational structure, etc.  Examples include the parent organizations of McDonald's and Midas Muffler.")

;;; change-in-user-rights
(isa change-in-user-rights script-type)
(genls change-in-user-rights generalized-transfer)
(comment change-in-user-rights "A collection of events.  Each element of change-in-user-rights is an event in which some instance of agent either gains or loses possession of something.   `Possession' means having some right to use a thing that one has in hand or otherwise has access to.  Different types of possession (e.g., ownership, rental, borrowings) can be specified by the using the appropriate element(s) of user-rights-attribute (q.v.).  Changes in an agent's user rights can come about in various ways: through buying and selling, renting, borrowing or lending, giving, repossession, etc.  Some subsets of this kind of change are losing-user-rights, gaining-user-rights, and exchange-of-user-rights; in the latter class, there is an alteration in the rights of two (or more) agents to use two (or more) items -- as in a purchase, when one agent gets full use rights to an object by turning over a sum of money to the object's previous owner.  In addition, some changes in user rights are classified explicitly in temporary-change-of-user-rights (e.g., borrowing, renting), while others are permanent.   Events that involve such changes in user rights all belong in the collection of events, change-in-user-rights.   In any particular change-in-user-rights event, the item which is changing hands is identified as the object-of-possession-transfer.")

;;; changing-device-state
(isa changing-device-state default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa changing-device-state temporal-object-type)
(genls changing-device-state intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls changing-device-state physical-event)
(genls changing-device-state action)
(comment changing-device-state "The collection of actions in which a device goes from one state (the from-state) to another state (the to-state).  A change of device-state may be due to an outside agent adjusting a device, or it may happen automatically due to the behavior of a device.  The two most general state changes (for powered devices) are from device-on to device-off, and vice versa.  Many other states peculiar to specific devices can be identified; for example, the states of a dishwasher: device-state--washing and device-state--rinsing; or the states that a trapping device may be in: trap-armed, trap-tripped, trap-idle.  Note that a change in the state of a device is an intrinsic change in the device; i.e., changing-device-state is a subset of intrinsic-state-change-event.")

;;; character-string
(isa character-string stuff-type)
(genls character-string abstract-information)
(genls character-string intangible-individual)
(genls character-string list--sequence)
(comment character-string "A collection of stuff.  Each element of the collection character-string is a string of characters or an abstract sequence of symbols.  Note: it is NOT any particular physical, tangible representation; different encodings may represent the characters.  An element of character-string has characters from some fixed character set.  The characters are instances of character--abstract. An element of character-string may be any length, including zero (i.e., empty strings, which have no characters).  If elements of character-string are concatenated, the result is also an element of character-string.  The length of the resulting string is equal to the sum of the lengths of the concatenated strings.   Some types (subsets) of character-string include e-mail-address, area-code, phone-number, phone-country-code, etc.")

;;; check--tender-object
(isa check--tender-object money-tender-type)
(genls check--tender-object tender-object)
(genls check--tender-object form--standardized-i-b-o)
(genls check--tender-object i-d-document)
(genls check--tender-object official-document)
(genls check--tender-object financial-account-tender-object)
(comment check--tender-object "A collection of documents; a subset of tender-object.  Each element of check--tender-object is a financial instrument, drawn on a particular account at some instance of financial-organization, which is redeemable for a monetary value by the agent who is the payee.  The financial organization pays the payee funds from the account, upon proper presentation of the check.")

;;; chemical-compound-type
(isa chemical-compound-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls chemical-compound-type tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(comment chemical-compound-type "A collection of collections; a subset of tangible-stuff-composition-type.  Every instance of chemical-compound-type is a subset of tangible-thing whose instances are defined ONLY by their chemical composition, and not by their physical state or any other property.  In Cyc's current representation, chemical-compound-types can be of two varieties:  (1) Collections whose instances are completely uniform with each other in terms of chemical composition; this includes (a) the chemical elements -- such as carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen -- which are instances of element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons (thus, the latter is a subset of chemical-compound-type), and (b) compounds constituted of more than one substance chemically bonded, e.g., water, caffeine, and iron-oxide.  (2) Substances which have a general chemical specification, that is, whose instances do not have exactly the same chemical composition but fall within certain specifications, e.g., d-n-a.  Cyc's current theory includes those cases in chemical-compound-type, though they are arguably borderline.  (Future work may require the creation of type collections to identify various levels of chemical specification, such as `exact formula' or `exact structure'.)
Note: Collections which Cyc does NOT classify as chemical-compound-types include collections of substances which have some component which is of overriding significance in some context, so that in everyday language such substances are frequently referred to by the name of their important component (e.g., `penicillin' applied to a tablet containing penicillin), but which have significant admixtures of other substances.  Our representation distinguishes between the chemical compound (here, instances of penicillin) and the mixture of substances in a tablet containing some penicillin for pharmaceutical use.  Thus, penicillin is an instance of chemical-compound-type, but the collection of tablets containing penicillin and including other ingredients are not.  Also, subsets of mixture, such as lemonade, are not instances of chemical-compound-type, because mixtures are determined by their physical state rather than solely by their chemical composition.")

;;; chemical-object
(isa chemical-object existing-object-type)
(genls chemical-object microscopic-scale-object)
(comment chemical-object "A collection of objects; a subset of microscopic-scale-object.  Each instance of chemical-object is an object whose behavior is typically described in terms of its outer cloud of electrons.  Subsets of chemical-object include the collections atom and molecule and ion, the set of chemical radicals, and the set of molecular fragments.")

;;; chemical-reaction
(isa chemical-reaction temporal-object-type)
(isa chemical-reaction default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls chemical-reaction transformation-event)
(comment chemical-reaction "A collection of events; a subset of transformation-event.  Each instance of chemical-reaction is an event in which two or more substances undergo a chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances involved are transformed into different chemical-compound-types.  The transformations are brought about by purely chemical (including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning, etc.  Examples of chemical-reaction: instances of combustion-process; instances of photosynthesis.")

;;; chest--body-part
(isa chest--body-part unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa chest--body-part animal-body-part-type)
(genls chest--body-part biological-living-object)
(genls chest--body-part animal-body-part)
(comment chest--body-part "The collection of the chests of animals.  The animal's chest is its animal-body-part region located between its neck and its abdomen.  For people and many other types of animals, the chest is bounded by (defined by, given shape by) the animal's ribcage.")

;;; chordata-phylum
(isa chordata-phylum biological-phylum)
(comment chordata-phylum "An instance of biological-phylum within the biological-kingdom animal, the chordata-phylum contains the many chordate taxa.  All have members who have a notochord (a flexible rod running the length of the body) at some stage of development and pharyngeal gills at some stage of development.  The chordata-phylum has as taxon-members all the subsets of vertebrate (including person), as well as some non-vertebrate chordates like Amphioxus.")

;;; chronic-condition
(isa chronic-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls chronic-condition physiological-condition)
(comment chronic-condition "A collection of ailments.  An instance of chronic-condition is an ailment that lingers or recurs in an organism throughout its life.  In some cases, the symptoms of a chronic condition may abate with treatment.  The condition may never go away completely.  asthma is a subset of chronic-condition.")

;;; circulatory-system
(isa circulatory-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls circulatory-system static-situation)
(genls circulatory-system animal-body-part)
(comment circulatory-system "The collection of all animals' circulatory systems.  A circulatory-system is a system of organs and body parts, found in vertebrates and some other animals, which function together to circulate the animal's blood throughout its body, supplying needed substances to its cells and removing waste products from them.  A circulatory-system is generally composed of blood-vessels, heart, spleen, etc., considered as an interrelated functional system of each animal. 
Note:  It generally has a close linkage to the respiration system, as the blood comes in contact with fresh air to divest itself of the waste products it has collected from the body's cells and to acquire new needed substances to take to the body's cells.")

;;; city
(isa city spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls city geopolitical-entity)
(genls city urban-area)
(comment city "A collection of geopolitical entities.  An element of city is a local human settlement which has its own government.  This includes cities, towns, suburbs, villages, hamlets, and townships, as long as they have their own governments.  A city government is usually mostly autonomous from the governments of its surrounding regions, rather than being a sub-organization of them.")

;;; city-of-bandar-abbas-iran
(isa city-of-bandar-abbas-iran city)
(isa city-of-bandar-abbas-iran entity)
(comment city-of-bandar-abbas-iran "Bandar Abbas (Bandar-e-'Abbas), a city in iran on the north coast of the persian-gulf, near the strait-of-hormuz.  One of the chief-ports of the country of iran.")

;;; city-of-washington-d-c
(isa city-of-washington-d-c capital-city-of-region)
(isa city-of-washington-d-c country-subsidiary)
(isa city-of-washington-d-c entity)
(isa city-of-washington-d-c u-s-city)
(comment city-of-washington-d-c "The present (though not the original) capital city of the united-states-of-america, seat of its Federal government, which is located in the specially created Federal district between the States of Maryland and Virginia.")

;;; cleaning
(isa cleaning temporal-stuff-type)
(isa cleaning default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls cleaning removing-something)
(genls cleaning intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls cleaning human-activity)
(genls cleaning purposeful-action)
(comment cleaning "A collection of events.  In each cleaning event, dirt (or other unwanted substances) is removed from the object-of-state-change of that event.  If a cleaning event is successful, then the dirtiness level of the object will have been lowered.")

;;; cleaning-device
(isa cleaning-device existing-object-type)
(genls cleaning-device solid-tangible-product)
(genls cleaning-device physical-device)
(comment cleaning-device "A collection of devices.  An instance of cleaning-device is any device, manually powered or otherwise, whose primary-function is to be used in cleaning things.  Instances include each mop, each regular-windshield-wiper, each  facial-tissue, each shoe-brush, each clothes-washer, each dishwasher, etc.")

;;; cleaning-implement
(isa cleaning-implement existing-object-type)
(genls cleaning-implement cleaning-device)
(genls cleaning-implement hand-tool)
(comment cleaning-implement "A collection of tools; a subset 
of hand-tool and also of cleaning-device.  An instance of cleaning-implement is any hand-held tool used for cleaning something.  Cleaning implements are used in a wide variety of activities and settings; some subsets include the collections mop, dental-pick, electric-tooth-brush, wash-cloth, facial-tissue, shoe-brush.  Many cleaning implements are intended for wiping, scrubbing, or polishing surfaces to remove patches of dirt.")

;;; climate-cycle-type
(isa climate-cycle-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls climate-cycle-type script-type)
(genls climate-cycle-type temporal-object-type)
(comment climate-cycle-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of climate-cycle-type is a collection of (extended) events which are weather processes of one type or another.  Examples of elements of climate-cycle-type are temperate-climate-cycle and steppe-climate-cycle.  
Note: in practice, there is little need to create terms denoting members of the collections belonging to climate-cycle-type; so long as one just wants to state what TYPE of climate a particular region has, simply use the predicate has-climate-type with the appropriate subset of annual-climate-cycle (q.v.).  See also has-climate-type.")

;;; cloth
(isa cloth existing-stuff-type)
(isa cloth product-type)
(genls cloth solid-tangible-thing)
(genls cloth textile-product)
(genls cloth free-sheet)
(genls cloth sheet-of-some-stuff)
(comment cloth "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of cloth is a piece of textile sheet woven or knitted or pressed out of fibers.  Pieces of cloth are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of clothing items, towels, sails for sailing craft, parachutes, draperies, etc.  Excludes leather (q.v.).")

;;; clothing-accessory
(isa clothing-accessory product-type)
(isa clothing-accessory existing-object-type)
(genls clothing-accessory clothing-item)
(comment clothing-accessory "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of clothing-accessory is something that is worn as an accessory with other clothing items.  Examples include elements of the collections jewelry, scarf, neck-tie, belt--clothing, suspenders, and suchlike.")

;;; clothing-item
(isa clothing-item product-type)
(isa clothing-item existing-object-type)
(genls clothing-item sheet-of-some-stuff)
(genls clothing-item something-to-wear)
(comment clothing-item "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of clothing-item is something that a person wears as a protective and/or decorative covering or ornament.  Items of clothing are usually made of flexible materials, such as cloth, leather, or yarn.  The collection clothing-item contains primarily individual garments (e.g., elements of the collections pants, shirt, coat, shoe), together with pairs of shoes, socks, and gloves (since each wearer needs a pair).  Jewelry, suspenders, belts, etc., are in the subset clothing-accessory.
Note: outfits (esp. specialized outfits) made up of several individual items worn together belong to the collection clothing-outfit, which is NOT a subset of clothing-item but IS a subset of the broader collection, something-to-wear.")

;;; clothing-outfit
(isa clothing-outfit existing-object-type)
(isa clothing-outfit product-type)
(genls clothing-outfit sheet-of-some-stuff)
(genls clothing-outfit something-to-wear)
(genls clothing-outfit group)
(comment clothing-outfit "A collection of objects.  Every element of clothing-outfit is a group of `coordinated' items that are intended to be worn together; e.g., an instance of three-piece-suit, consisting of one suit jacket, one vest, and one pair of long pants.  Clothing outfits are often sold or provided together as a set; e.g., military uniforms, business suits, scuba gear.  A clothing outfit may include some accessories, as well as garments.  Cf. clothing-item.")

;;; cloud-in-sky
(isa cloud-in-sky existing-object-type)
(genls cloud-in-sky cloud-of-h2-o)
(comment cloud-in-sky "The collection of clouds (instances of cloud-of-h2-o) in the sky over some geographical-region (as opposed to being at ground-level).")

;;; cloud-of-h2-o
(isa cloud-of-h2-o existing-object-type)
(genls cloud-of-h2-o suspension)
(comment cloud-of-h2-o "A cloud of particles of liquid or solid water in the atmosphere covering a geographical-region.")

;;; cloudiness
(isa cloudiness primitive-attribute-type)
(genls cloudiness weather-attribute)
(genls cloudiness physical-attribute)
(genls cloudiness scalar-interval)
(comment cloudiness "A collection of attributes; a subset of scalar-interval.  The elements of cloudiness characterize the amount of cloud cover at an outdoor-location.  A higher value indicates more clouds or more dense cover.  Degrees of cloudiness may be represented qualitatively (e.g., partial-cloud-cover, complete-cloud-cover), or using generic-value-functions.  The cloudiness of a location can be described with the predicate cloudiness-of-region.")

;;; cloudless
(isa cloudless cloudiness)
(comment cloudless "cloudless is a weather-attribute representing a specific degree of cloudiness.  (cloudiness-of-region LOC cloudless) means that the outdoor-location LOC has no cloud cover.")

;;; cloudy
(isa cloudy cloudiness)
(comment cloudy "cloudy is a weather-attribute that characterizes an outdoor-location which has at least some cloud cover -- this cloud cover not being situated at ground-level (in which case foggy would be the applicable weather-attribute).")

;;; code-of-conduct
(isa code-of-conduct existing-object-type)
(isa code-of-conduct microtheory-type)
(genls code-of-conduct supposed-to-be-microtheory)
(genls code-of-conduct intangible-existing-thing)
(comment code-of-conduct "A collection of microtheories; a subset of both obligation and supposed-to-be-microtheory.  Each element of code-of-conduct is a microtheory which contains rules and/or expectations governing the behavior of those agents subject to it in certain kinds of situations.")

;;; cohabitation-unit
(isa cohabitation-unit existing-object-type)
(genls cohabitation-unit organization)
(comment cohabitation-unit "A collection of organizations.  Each element of cohabitation-unit is a group of humans or other animals all living together in the same physical-quarters at the same time, whether that be a house, nest, warren, or other dwelling -- loosely speaking, a household.  As a default, the cohabitants in the group are assumed to be all of the same species.  (See also the more specialized comments in human-social-life-mt and naive-biological-descent-mt.)")

;;; cohesiveness
(isa cohesiveness primitive-attribute-type)
(genls cohesiveness scalar-interval)
(genls cohesiveness physical-attribute)
(comment cohesiveness "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of cohesiveness represents a specific capacity of a physical object to cohere; e.g., rigidly-cohesive, liquid-cohesiveness, humanly-separable.  Cohesiveness of objects is indicated with the predicate cohesiveness-of-object.")

;;; collection
(isa collection set-or-collection)
(isa collection collection)
(genls collection set-or-collection)
(comment collection "The collection of all Cyc collections.  Cyc collections are natural kinds or classes, as opposed to mathematical sets; their elements have some common attribute(s).  Each Cyc collection is like a set in so far as it may have elements, subsets, and supersets, and may not have parts or spatial or temporal properties.  Sets, however, differ from collections in that a mathematical set may be an arbitrary set of things which have nothing in common (see set--mathematical).  In contrast, the elements of a collection will all have in common some feature(s), some `intensional' qualities.  In addition, two instances of collection can be co-extensional (i.e., have all the same elements) without being identical, whereas if two arbitrary sets had the same elements, they would be considered equal.   As with any Cyc constant, an instance of collection should be created only if it is expected to have some purpose or utility.  Moreover, the `best' collections to create are the ones which are impossible to define precisely, yet about which there are rules and other things to say.  E.g., `WhiteCat' is not a good element of collection to create, because it's easy to define with other Cyc concepts, and there's not much to say about the collection of white cats; but `WhiteCollarWorker' could be a good element of collection, because it is hard to define exactly, yet there are many things to say about it.")

;;; collection-denoting-function
(isa collection-denoting-function relation-type)
(isa collection-denoting-function collection)
(genls collection-denoting-function reifiable-function)
(comment collection-denoting-function "The collection of all Cyc functions which return elements of collection.  Examples: swimming-event-fn, package-fn, molecule-fn, all produce collections when applied to their proper arguments; e.g., (molecule-fn oxygen) returns the collection of all oxygen molecules.  Note that (genls collection-denoting-function reifiable-function).  Cf. individual-denoting-function.")

;;; collection-event
(isa collection-event temporal-object-type)
(isa collection-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls collection-event transfer-in)
(comment collection-event "A collection of events.  Each element of collection-event is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected from various sources to a single destination via some collection network.")

;;; color
(isa color composite-attribute-type)
(genls color physical-attribute)
(genls color sensory-attribute)
(genls color composite-attribute)
(comment color "A collection of attributes; a subset of both physical-attribute and sensory-attribute.  Each element of color represents a specific color attribute of some object or substance; e.g., gold-color, lavender-color, auburn , olive--flesh-color.  Elements of color are composite-attributes, since they can vary along several dimensions (e.g., hue, brightness).  Indicate a particular object's color with the predicate color-of-object.")
(synonymous-external-concept color s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COLOR")

;;; combustion-process
(isa combustion-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa combustion-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls combustion-process decomposition-process)
(genls combustion-process energy-conversion-process)
(genls combustion-process composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment combustion-process "A collection of events.  Each combustion-process  is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place.  These always have heat as an output and often involve emission of light as well (typically, flames).  The object-acted-on in a combustion-process is at least partly consumed.  See also flammability.")

;;; command
(isa command object-type)
(genls command request)
(comment command "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of command consists of a piece of information contained (usually implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention to have the listener either carry out the action described in the utterance and/or bring about the situation described in the utterance.  The speaker in any given instance of ordering--communication-act presupposes that s/he has the authority to command those s/he adresses.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also illocutionary-force.")

;;; commercial-activity
(isa commercial-activity temporal-object-type)
(isa commercial-activity default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls commercial-activity human-activity)
(genls commercial-activity transaction)
(comment commercial-activity "This is a large collection of events.  As can be seen from its subsets, it embraces all types of buying, selling, offering to sell, offering to buy, requesting bids, performing services for hire, advertising, manufacturing for sale, etc.")

;;; commercial-fishing-boat
(isa commercial-fishing-boat existing-object-type)
(isa commercial-fishing-boat product-type)
(genls commercial-fishing-boat boat--water-transportation-device)
(comment commercial-fishing-boat "The subcollection of Boat-WaterTransportationDevice that contains all fishing boats, including trawlers, seiners, junks etc. that are marine-life-catching devices, and the main purpose of the fishing is commercial.  Note that not all instances of CommercialFishingBoat have to be used exclusively in the ocean--they can also be used in rivers and lakes, etc.")

;;; commercial-organization
(isa commercial-organization existing-object-type)
(genls commercial-organization organization)
(comment commercial-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of commercial-organization is an organization which buys or sells goods or services for a profit.  It may also be an element of business or it may merely be a sub-organization of a business entity.")

;;; commercial-service-organization
(isa commercial-service-organization existing-object-type)
(genls commercial-service-organization commercial-organization)
(genls commercial-service-organization service-organization)
(comment commercial-service-organization "A collection of organizations; a subset of commercial-organization.  An instance of commercial-service-organization is a commercial organization which sells its services as its main product (rather than tangible goods), for commercial gain.  Some tangible goods may accompany or supplement the main service sold, but only as side products; e.g., some elements of hair-salon sell hair care products.")

;;; commissioned
(isa commissioned work-status)
(comment commissioned "An attribute; an element of work-status.  The attribute of being paid on a commission basis for work done.")

;;; communicating
(isa communicating default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa communicating temporal-stuff-type)
(genls communicating information-transfer-event)
(genls communicating social-occurrence)
(genls communicating purposeful-action)
(comment communicating "A collection of events.  Each element of communicating is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event.  That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions--and winning--of the game are focal).  
Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. communication-act--single, multi-directional-communication).  It may be intentional or unintentional.  Every event belonging to communicating contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event.  (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from communicating, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.)  
Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., audio-communicating, non-verbal-communicating, face-to-face-presence-communicating); by the type of information involved (e.g., making-an-agreement); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., teaching, negotiating); by the agents involved (e.g., intra-organization-communication, stage-production).  Examples of communicating include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket--all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents.")
(overlapping-external-concept communicating s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "VERBAL-PROCESS")
(synonymous-external-concept communicating s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COMMUNICATIVE-ACT")

;;; communication-act--single
(isa communication-act--single script-type)
(isa communication-act--single temporal-object-type)
(genls communication-act--single action)
(genls communication-act--single communicating)
(comment communication-act--single "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of communicating.  Each element of communication-act--single is a single-source transmission of information from ONE sender-of-info to one or more recipients; such acts may be one-to-one or one-to-many.  Every element of communication-act--single has a transmission sub-event (which is an element of i-b-t-generation--original) and one or more reception sub-events (which are elements of accessing-an-i-b-t).  An element of communication-act--single starts when its transmission sub-event starts and ends when its accessing sub-event(s) end.
Notes: (1) For exchanges of information between or among multiple agents, see multi-directional-communication.  (2) An important distinction is made between elements of communication-act--single on the one hand, and their sub-events which are elements of i-b-t-generation--original and accessing-an-i-b-t, on the other hand; e.g., speaking and writing are NOT subsets of communication-act--single, but rather are subsets of i-b-t-generation--original (because instances of both represent only the generation of information and can even occur without actual communication of it), and listening-deliberately and reading are subsets of accessing-an-i-b-t, NOT of communication-act--single, because instances of both represent only the accessing of information (even if by default they imply a prior generation of information).")

;;; communication-convention
(isa communication-convention temporal-stuff-type)
(genls communication-convention abstract-information)
(genls communication-convention mental-object)
(comment communication-convention "The collection of conventions used to encode and interpret things which bear information; a syntax together with a semantic mapping.  Instances include natural languages like French or English, database data formats, and computer languages or idiosyncratic systems of gestures or symbols known only by a small group of people.")

;;; community-organization
(isa community-organization existing-object-type)
(genls community-organization organization)
(comment community-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of community-organization is a group that consists of residents of a neighborhood or apartment building or condominium complex, and which is concerned with issues affecting the neighborhood or complex.")

;;; commutative-relation
(isa commutative-relation relation-type)
(isa commutative-relation collection)
(genls commutative-relation relationship)
(comment commutative-relation "An important subset of relationship.  Each element of commutative-relation is a relationship whose argument order can be changed without changing the value or meaning of the expression; e.g., plus-fn, times-fn, or, borders-on, temporally-intersects, teammates.  Most relationships are NOT commutative: if (isa EL COL) is true, it is rare that (isa COL EL) is also true.")

;;; competence
(isa competence script-performance-attribute-type)
(genls competence script-performance-attribute)
(comment competence "One of the most general attributes for describing the level of skill with which an agent performs some task.  Knowledge enterers will usually want to use some more specific attribute.")

;;; competition
(isa competition script-type)
(isa competition temporal-object-type)
(genls competition purposeful-action)
(genls competition social-occurrence)
(comment competition "The collection of situations in which one or more agents are striving to be the sole exemplar of some high value judgement, or the highest value along some comparative or metric scale.  Arm wrestling, football, fighting for prey, competitive courting, racing, rodeo events, etc. are examples.  See also competition-expr.
Note: `striving' may be a bit of overstatement, as sometimes the competitors may even be unaware that a competition has been going on until after it is over, such as the first year a `Best Restaurant in Austin' award is given out.")

;;; complete-cloud-cover
(isa complete-cloud-cover cloudiness)
(genl-attributes complete-cloud-cover cloudy)
(comment complete-cloud-cover "complete-cloud-cover is a weather-attribute representing a specific degree of cloudiness.  This attribute describes a location as so clouded over with a uniform layer grey or white clouds that direct sunlight is blocked out.  There are no shadows, the shape or exact location of the sun or moon is impossible to identify.")

;;; complex-temporal-relation
(isa complex-temporal-relation predicate-category)
(genls complex-temporal-relation temporal-relation)
(comment complex-temporal-relation "Instances of complex-temporal-relation are predicates used to interrelate instances of temporal-thing in time.  Some of them (e.g., starts-after-ending-of) make statements about the relationship of the beginning and/or end of their first argument to the beginning and/or end of their second argument.  One can think of this as an interval-based theory of time.  Some of them (e.g., temporally-intersects and temporally-subsumes) make statements about the relationship of the entire set of points that is their first argument to the entire set of points that is their second argument.  One can think of this as a set-theoretic theory of time.")

;;; composite-attribute
(isa composite-attribute attribute-type)
(genls composite-attribute attribute-value)
(comment composite-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of composite-attribute is an attribute that is essentially a vector with many dimensions.  Instances of color are good examples; colors have intensity, hue, and saturation as independent dimensions.  See also primitive-attribute-types, primitive-attribute-type.")

;;; composite-attribute-type
(isa composite-attribute-type collection)
(genls composite-attribute-type attribute-type)
(comment composite-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Every element of composite-attribute-type is a collection of attributes which is a subset of composite-attribute (q.v.).")

;;; composite-physical-and-mental-event
(isa composite-physical-and-mental-event temporal-object-type)
(isa composite-physical-and-mental-event script-type)
(genls composite-physical-and-mental-event mental-event)
(genls composite-physical-and-mental-event physical-event)
(comment composite-physical-and-mental-event "A collection of events.  Each element of composite-physical-and-mental-event is an event that involves both some mental event(s) and an interaction of physical objects.  Examples include a news broadcast program, a court trial, inheriting property, writing a letter, a physical examination, a charity ball, traffic on some section of highway during rush hour.  Note that this collection does NOT imply that the events which are its instances have doers (see done-by).  Subsets of composite-physical-and-mental-event whose elements all have doers (or performers) -- and there will be many of them -- should have as a second genls action or the appropriate subset of action (qq.v.).")

;;; composite-tangible-and-intangible-object
(isa composite-tangible-and-intangible-object existing-object-type)
(genls composite-tangible-and-intangible-object partially-tangible)
(genls composite-tangible-and-intangible-object partially-intangible)
(genls composite-tangible-and-intangible-object something-existing)
(comment composite-tangible-and-intangible-object "The collection of things which have both a tangible and an intangible component -- e.g., people (with bodies and minds), information bearing objects (intangible information encoded on a tangible substrate, such as music on a CD, or text in a book) and so on.  Like anything else that has at least some tangible component, each element of composite-tangible-and-intangible-object exists in time.  Our representation allows us to separately reify the tangible and intangible components of an object; this is sometimes necessary  (e.g., to state that the age of the Frankenstein monster's mind is x, the age of his body is y, and the age of the new composite is z) but not very often needed --- usually one can just reify the composite-tangible-and-intangible-object and state things about it.")

;;; composition-predicate
(isa composition-predicate predicate-category)
(genls composition-predicate physical-part-predicate)
(comment composition-predicate "A collection of predicates; one of several subsets of part-predicate.  The collection composition-predicate contains predicates which are used to relate partially-tangible things to the substances (pieces of stuffs) which compose them.  composition-predicates are instance-level (i.e, they relate individuals, not collections), although typically they are used in inferences about specific kinds of things.  Examples include constituents, main-constituent solvent, solute, suspending-fluid, suspended-part, atmosphere-component.")

;;; compressibility
(isa compressibility primitive-attribute-type)
(genls compressibility scalar-interval)
(genls compressibility physical-attribute)
(comment compressibility "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.   Each element of compressibility represents a specific capacity of a physical object to be compressed.  Compressibility may be measured with a generic-value-function. Compressibilities of objects are indicated with the predicate compressibility-of-object.")

;;; computational-object
(isa computational-object object-type)
(genls computational-object intangible-individual)
(genls computational-object mathematical-or-computational-thing)
(comment computational-object "A collection of abstract objects; a subset of intangible-individual.  Each element of computational-object is a syntactically structured form, such as a Cyc system expression, a Lisp string, a C variable name, or an equation in a particular canonical form format.")

;;; computer-program
(isa computer-program product-type)
(isa computer-program existing-object-type)
(genls computer-program inanimate-thing)
(genls computer-program tangible-product)
(genls computer-program artifact)
(genls computer-program information-bearing-object)
(comment computer-program "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of computer-program is an IBO, i.e., a tangible object which contains intangible information, namely instructions written in a code readable by some computer system and which are intended for execution by a computer.  The tangible component of a computer program may be embodied in the memory of a particular instance of computer (during a particular time), in a static magnetic medium (e.g., a disk or tape), in a hardcopy, even (once upon a time) in a set of punch cards.  Again, note that elements of computer-program are physically embodied programs, which rightly interpreted yield the information and/or instructions in the program.  The elements of algorithm and of character-string (which are abstract) are NOT elements of computer-program, although they may figure in the intangible components of a computer program.  See also contains-information, information-bearing-object.")

;;; concave
(isa concave curvature-of-surface)
(comment concave "An attribute of a surface meaning that it is bumped or indented inward.  A concave surface has a pair of points which are both closer to a viewer than points on the surface between them.   Dependinhg on the context, it may have relatively small subregions which have convexities (e.g. wrinkles, small dents, corrugations) or are flat so long as the overall shape is concave.  Saddle-shapes, although convex in certain dimensions, are concave in others and are therefore concave.")

;;; concrete
(isa concrete tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls concrete building-material)
(genls concrete artificial-material)
(comment concrete "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of concrete is a piece of an artificial mixture of cement, gravel, sand, and (during mixture, pouring, and forming) water.  Used widely in construction, pieces of concrete are formed into the desired shape while fluid and afterward hardened into a sturdy, durable material.  Examples: bridge pilings, foundations of houses, sidewalks, pieces of IH-35.")

;;; condensing
(isa condensing temporal-object-type)
(isa condensing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls condensing translocation)
(genls condensing physical-state-change-event)
(comment condensing "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, an object is cooled to (and then below) its boiling-point, changing it from gaseous-state-of-matter to liquid-state-of-matter.")

;;; conductor-resistance
(isa conductor-resistance electrical-resistance)
(comment conductor-resistance "A measurable physical attribute.  conductor-resistance is the element of electrical-resistance that represents a very low level of electrical resistance.  An object having conductor-resistance readily conducts electricity.  See also resistance-of-object.")

;;; conducts-heat-poorly
(isa conducts-heat-poorly thermal-conductivity)
(comment conducts-heat-poorly "A measurable physical attribute.  conducts-heat-poorly is the element of thermal-conductivity that represents the level of thermal conductivity in an object that conducts virtually no heat.")

;;; conducts-heat-well
(isa conducts-heat-well thermal-conductivity)
(comment conducts-heat-well "A measurable physical attribute.  conducts-heat-well is the element of thermal-conductivity that represents the level of thermal conductivity in an object that conducts heat very quickly.")

;;; conducts-some-heat
(isa conducts-some-heat thermal-conductivity)
(comment conducts-some-heat "A measurable physical attribute.  conducts-some-heat is the element of thermal-conductivity that represents the level of thermal conductivity in an object which conducts heat, but slowly.")

;;; confidence
(isa confidence feeling-attribute-type)
(genls confidence feeling-attribute)
(comment confidence "The positive emotion felt when one is free
from doubt about an event or object from which the agent feeling
confidence expects positive contingencies.  For example, one might
say 'I feel confident that tomorrow it will not be rainy'. Do not
confuse this with a personality disposition, e.g. 'Joe is a confident
person.'  (See personality-attribute.)  This is a collection; for an
explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.
More specialized feeling-attribute-types include grief,
self-confidence, etc.")

;;; configuration
(isa configuration existing-object-type)
(isa configuration situation-type)
(genls configuration partially-tangible)
(genls configuration static-situation)
(comment configuration "configuration is a subset of static-situation.  Each configuration is a static configuration, existing over time, of two or more tangible objects.  The static-situations that aren't configurations are those which don't involve tangible objects; for example, reified relationships among agents such as in-custody).")

;;; congenital-condition
(isa congenital-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls congenital-condition physiological-condition)
(comment congenital-condition "A collection of ailments.  An instance of congenital-condition is an ailment-condition that is present in an afflicted organism from the time of gestation (i.e. before birth), whether or not it is a genetic-condition.  Two example types of congenital-condition are congenital herpes and congenital heroin addiction.  A congenital-condition may be caused by behavior of the mother during pregnancy.  Birth defects (such as having an extra toe) are congenital-conditions.  Injuries sustained during the delivery itself are not congenital-conditions.  Thus if forceps are used and the infant is scarred, brain-damaged or killed as a result, the situation is not an element of this collection.")

;;; connected-path-system
(isa connected-path-system collection)
(genls connected-path-system thing)
(comment connected-path-system "The collection of all connected path-systems that are not in separate pieces.  For any different points X and Y in such a system SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS that both X and Y are on.  Another way to put this is that SYS is an instance of connected-path-system iff for any different points X and Y in SYS, there is a path PATH in SYS such that (path-between-in-system PATH X Y SYS) holds.  Note that according to this definition, a connected path system does not have to contain a link--a path system containing a single node will be a connected path system.  If a connected path system contains a link, nevertheless, every two different points must be connected by a path. Note also that because of our treatment of path (see path-in-system) and our restriction of points in SYS that are not nodes (see node-in-system), that there is a path between every two points in SYS is equivalent to that there is a path between every two nodes in Sys.")

;;; connecting-together
(isa connecting-together temporal-object-type)
(isa connecting-together default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls connecting-together action-on-object)
(genls connecting-together physical-event)
(comment connecting-together "A collection of events.  In a connecting-together event, two or more tangible things get connected together by means of some sort of connector or fastener.  Some specializations of this include welding, buckling-up, using nailing, tying-up, etc.  connecting-together need not be a spec of movement--translation-event since two objects being connected may be already at rest with each other.")

;;; connection-predicate
(isa connection-predicate relation-type)
(genls connection-predicate cotemporal-predicate)
(comment connection-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of connection-predicate is a predicate that specifies physical connections between objects.  Examples: nailed-to, riveted-to, connected-to--rigidly, rotationally-connected-to, hangs-from, in--embedded.")

;;; connector
(isa connector existing-object-type)
(genls connector non-powered-device)
(comment connector "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of connector is a device which connects two objects.  A connector (or part of it) may be a part incorporated into one or both of the objects connected, or a connector may be a totally separate device.  Examples include elements of the collections button-the-fastener, staple, nail, and many more.")

;;; constructing
(isa constructing temporal-stuff-type)
(isa constructing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls constructing making-something)
(comment constructing "A collection of events.  In each constructing event, one or more construction-artifacts, such as a house, are made or incrementally enlarged or remodeled.")

;;; construction-artifact
(isa construction-artifact existing-object-type)
(genls construction-artifact artifact)
(genls construction-artifact solid-tangible-product)
(comment construction-artifact "A collection of artificial tangible objects.  Each element of construction-artifact is a structure designed and built by humans.  This collection includes buildings and parts of buildings, as well as things like dams, railroad lines, and roads.  Examples: the roman-coliseum, the arc-de-triomphe, hoover-dam, the world-trade-center, holly-wood-bowl.  For further information, see fixed-structure, an important subset.")

;;; construction-company
(isa construction-company existing-object-type)
(genls construction-company business)
(genls construction-company commercial-service-organization)
(comment construction-company "A collection of businesses.  An element of construction-company is a business whose main-function is constructing buildings, houses, dams, roads, bridges, or other large structures.")

;;; consultant
(isa consultant occupation-type)
(genls consultant business-person)
(genls consultant professional)
(comment consultant "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of consultant works with some business in a consulting capacity.  Consultants can be self employed, or they can work for a consulting company.")

;;; consumable-product
(isa consumable-product existing-stuff-type)
(isa consumable-product product-type)
(genls consumable-product tangible-product)
(comment consumable-product "A collection of tangible stuff; a subset of tangible-product.  Each element of consumable-product is a product of which any portion can be used only once.  A portion of a consumable-product is `used up', i.e., destroyed or transformed into an unusable or waste form, during normal use.  Note: `consumable' here does mean necessarily consumed by mouth; the consumption may be any use of the product.")

;;; consuming-food-or-drink
(isa consuming-food-or-drink temporal-stuff-type)
(isa consuming-food-or-drink default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls consuming-food-or-drink directed-translation)
(genls consuming-food-or-drink destruction-event)
(comment consuming-food-or-drink "A collection of events.  Each element of consuming-food-or-drink is an event in which a person or other animal ingests some portion of food or drink through its mouth.  This collection generically covers eating or drinking, by a single person, of a meal- or snack-sized portion of food.  For more detail, see the subsets eating-event and drinking-event.  For eating or drinking with a social group, see having-a-meal.  Note: consuming-food-or-drink does NOT include intravenous infusion of nutrients or chewing of gum.")

;;; contact-location
(isa contact-location contact-location-type)
(genls contact-location partially-tangible)
(comment contact-location "A collection of spatial objects.   Each element of contact-location is a point at which some particular agent (e.g., corporation or person) may be contacted by any of several means, for any of several purposes.  contact-location includes any place to which one may direct one or more of the following: letters, packages, phone calls or voice messages, bills, email, faxes, pages, subpoenas.  Contact locations must be particular--e.g., my house or my office or even my secretary, but not simply `Austin'.")

;;; contact-location-type
(isa contact-location-type collection)
(genls contact-location-type existing-object-type)
(comment contact-location-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of contact-location-type is a collection of places  at which a particular agent may be contacted; such collections may be characterized in several different ways: (a) by method of contact (e.g., voice-phone-location, fax-location); (b) by purpose of contact (e.g., billing-location, shipping-location, emergency-contact); (c) by the agent's relationship to those places (e.g., human-residence, workplace).  Note that particular places may fall under different subsets of contact-location-type for different agents; for example, one person's home might be another's vacation location.")

;;; container-product
(isa container-product existing-object-type)
(genls container-product solid-tangible-thing)
(genls container-product physical-device)
(comment container-product "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of container-product is an object whose primary-function (or one of whose main functions) is to be a container.  Examples are of staggering variety, including storage containers for books, office records, food, clothing, tools, and materials; containers for transporting the same; passenger compartments of various kinds of vehicles; artificial constructs for housing humans and animals; etc., etc.  Instances of crib, sandbox, office-space, and coffin.")

;;; contempt
(isa contempt feeling-attribute-type)
(genls contempt dislike)
(genls contempt disapproval)
(comment contempt "Emotion characterized by vehement condemnation of its object as being low, vile, feeble, or ignominious.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than contempt are hate, abhorrence, etc. ")

;;; continent
(isa continent existing-object-type)
(genls continent land-body)
(genls continent land-topographical-feature)
(comment continent "A collection of topographical features.  The elements of continent are the seven main land masses on the surface of the earth (plus Eurasia added as a super-region of Europe and Asia).  Elements: continent-of-africa, continent-of-antarctica, continent-of-asia, australia, continent-of-europe, continent-of-eurasia, continent-of-north-america, continent-of-south-america.")

;;; continent-of-africa
(isa continent-of-africa entity)
(isa continent-of-africa continent)
(comment continent-of-africa "The second largest continent, located north and south of the equator in the eastern-hemisphere--region.  Africa is connected to Asia by the narrow isthmus of Suez; it includes madagascar and other offshore islands.")

;;; continent-of-asia
(isa continent-of-asia entity)
(isa continent-of-asia continent)
(comment continent-of-asia "The world's largest continent, joined in the west with Europe (which may be considered a peninsula of Asia) to form the Eurasian land mass (continent-of-eurasia).  The continent-of-asia occupies much of the northern half of the eastern-hemisphere--region.")

;;; continent-of-europe
(isa continent-of-europe entity)
(isa continent-of-europe continent)
(comment continent-of-europe "The sixth largest continent; includes adjacent islands.  The continent-of-europe is separated from the continent-of-asia by the ural-mountains.")

;;; continent-of-north-america
(isa continent-of-north-america continent)
(isa continent-of-north-america entity)
(comment continent-of-north-america "The continent in the northern and western-hemisphere--region. North America includes central-america--region as well as the west-indies--archipelago as geographical-sub-regions.")

;;; continent-of-south-america
(isa continent-of-south-america continent)
(isa continent-of-south-america entity)
(comment continent-of-south-america "The continent in the western and southern hemisphere.")

;;; contract-negotiation
(isa contract-negotiation script-type)
(isa contract-negotiation temporal-object-type)
(genls contract-negotiation purposeful-action)
(genls contract-negotiation negotiating)
(comment contract-negotiation "The collection of negotiations intended to lead to the formation of a contract between the participants (or the parties they represent in the negotiations).")

;;; control-device
(isa control-device product-type)
(isa control-device existing-object-type)
(genls control-device physical-device)
(comment control-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of control-device is a device whose primary-function is to control the behavior/functioning/properties of another thing (usually another instance of physical-device).  Obvious instances of control-device include: the remote control for your TV (an instance of remote-control-device), the brake pedal on your car (an instance of pedal--control-device), the light switch on your bedroom wall (an instance of electrical-switch); a less obvious instance of control-device is hoover-dam (an instance of dam).")

;;; controlled-land
(isa controlled-land existing-object-type)
(genls controlled-land country-subsidiary)
(genls controlled-land geopolitical-entity)
(comment controlled-land "A collection of geopolitical entities.  Each element of controlled-land is a geopolitical entity that is controlled to some extent by a foreign power.  Examples: puerto-rico, bermuda, guadeloupe--the-dependency, tibet.")

;;; controlling-something
(isa controlling-something temporal-object-type)
(isa controlling-something script-type)
(genls controlling-something composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(genls controlling-something purposeful-action)
(comment controlling-something "A collection of events; a subset of purposeful-action.  An instance of controlling-something is a purposeful action in which some agent intentionally controls some object.  It is not necessary that the agent touch the object-controlled, only that s/he have an efficacious means of controlling its action -- thus, instances of controlling-something include all instances of guiding-a-moving-object (some of which involve a remote-control-device).  Further subsets: handling-an-object, braking, steering-a-device-by-hand, playing-a-musical-instrument, cutting-fabric,  carrying-while-locomoting, flushing-a-toilet, etc.  Whenever a control-device (qv) is being used, for its primary function, presumably a controlling-something event is taking place.  Borderline examples include having a conversation by telephone, doing the dishes by hand, and having a cat as a pet.")

;;; conventional-classification-system
(isa conventional-classification-system object-type)
(genls conventional-classification-system abstract-information)
(comment conventional-classification-system "The collection of all agreed-upon or conventional classification systems, each consisting of conventional-classification-types.  In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the category.  (This applies only to named or known classification systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.)")

;;; conventional-classification-type
(isa conventional-classification-type object-type)
(genls conventional-classification-type abstract-information)
(comment conventional-classification-type "The collection of all those collections (of things) that each correspond to a category in some agreed-upon or conventional classification system (a conventional-classification-system).  In such systems, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic facts about the actual objects in the category.  (This applies only to named, known classification systems or schemas, and not to everything under the sun as might be urged by some 1990's-era postmodernist deconstructionist literary criticism theorists.)")
(synonymous-external-concept conventional-classification-type s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOCIAL-OBJECT")

;;; convex
(isa convex curvature-of-surface)
(comment convex "A surface attribute meaning that the surface's overall shape is dominated by an outward bulge or mound, or consists of projecting corners between planes.  In most contexts, it may have relatively small subregions which are concave or flat, etc., so long as overall shape is convex.  Viewing something as convex assumes a perspective.  From the opposite perspective, on the `other side', a convex surface would look concave.")

;;; convex-hull-fn
(isa convex-hull-fn reifiable-function)
(isa convex-hull-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa convex-hull-fn surface--abstract)
(arg1-isa convex-hull-fn spatial-thing)
(comment convex-hull-fn "(ConvexHullFn OBJECT) is a function applied to a spatial-thing (which may be a single object or a group of several unconnected objects) and returns the surface that is the convex hull of the object or objects.  The convex hull encloses, precisely, all of OBJECT and all space that lies on a straight line between any two points that are parts of OBJECT.  The convex hull is a surface; see also convex-hull-space-fn.")

;;; convex-hull-space-fn
(isa convex-hull-space-fn reifiable-function)
(isa convex-hull-space-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa convex-hull-space-fn spatial-thing)
(arg1-isa convex-hull-space-fn spatial-thing)
(comment convex-hull-space-fn "(ConvexHullSpaceFn OBJECT) is a function applied to a spatial-thing (which may be a single object or a group of several unconnected objects) and returns the spatial region that is enclosed by the convex hull of the object or objects.  The convex hull encloses, precisely, all space that lies on a straight line between any two points that are parts of OBJECT.  The enclosed space is three or two dimensional and is not necessarily the hull surface itself; see also convex-hull-fn.")

;;; convex-tangible-object
(isa convex-tangible-object existing-object-type)
(genls convex-tangible-object tangible-thing)
(comment convex-tangible-object "The collection of all tangible-things that are convex, i.e. have no significant concave surfaces, cavities or crevices.  A convex-tangible-object occupies about the same space as its convex hull; see convex-hull-fn and convex-hull-space-fn.  A solid physical sphere or cube are convex-tangible-objects but a cup or doughnut cannot be.  The size of allowable minor concavities depends on the context.")

;;; conveyance
(isa conveyance existing-object-type)
(genls conveyance solid-tangible-thing)
(genls conveyance artifact)
(comment conveyance "A collection of concrete physical objects.  Each instance of conveyance is intended for moving (at least partially tangible) things --- it could be a car, ship, plane, or other vehicle for transporting people; it could be a conveyor belt, a grocery bag, etc.  See also transportation-device which is used to axiomatize more specific kinds of conveying events in which the object doing the conveying actually moves along with the object being transported.  See transportation-event for the collection of events about this more specific kind of conveying event.  Some positive exemplars:  a gun, a car, a slingshot.  A borderline non-exemplar is a wire over which electricity, signals, etc. are moving.")

;;; cooked
(isa cooked preparation-attribute)
(comment cooked "The attribute cooked is a preparation-attribute (q.v.), describing
how a given item of food has been prepared.  Food becomes cooked
as the result of an event of cooking-food.  Specialized forms of
cooked include steamed, baked, microwaved and grilled.")

;;; cooking-food
(isa cooking-food default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa cooking-food temporal-object-type)
(genls cooking-food heating-process)
(genls cooking-food preparing-food-or-drink)
(comment cooking-food "A collection of events.  Each element of cooking-food is an event in which some item of food is prepared by heating it.  Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it reaches a certain temperature over some period of time, during which chemical and/or physical changes occur which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable).  A cooking-food event may last from a few minutes (e.g., steaming-food (vegetables), making-toast) to several hours (e.g., roasting-food).  
Note:  smoking-food is not a subset of cooking-food.  Food prepared by smoking (e.g., smoked ham, bacon) is `cured' by a chemical reaction with nitrates in the smoke, rather than being cooked by heat.  Cf. smoking-food, salting-food.")

;;; cooling-process
(isa cooling-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa cooling-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls cooling-process temperature-changing-process)
(comment cooling-process "cooling-process is a collection of events, and a subset of temperature-changing-process.  During each cooling-process event, the temperature of the object-of-state-change is decreased by removing heat from the object.")

;;; corner-2d
(isa corner-2d region-type)
(genls corner-2d corner-2or3d)
(comment corner-2d "The collection of all regions wherein two linear edges of a two dimensional or sheet-shaped object (i.e., considered in this context to be sheet shaped) meet to form an angle of substantially less than 180 degrees.  Polygons have at least three corners each.")

;;; corner-2or3d
(isa corner-2or3d region-type)
(genls corner-2or3d partially-tangible)
(comment corner-2or3d "The collection of all regions centered around a point where two edges of a sheet-like object meet at an angle or where three or more surfaces (together with three or more solid edges dividing them) meet at one place forming a solid angle.  Includes 2-dimensional corners and 3 dimensional corners.  Corners are either convex or concave with respect to some perspective.")

;;; corner-3d
(isa corner-3d region-type)
(genls corner-3d corner-2or3d)
(comment corner-3d "The collection of all regions where three or more surfaces of an object (which is considered three dimensional in current context), and three or more edge-on-objects, meet.  This includes corners of boxes, the tops of pyramids, etc.  Each corner-3d includes some solid angle of part of the object.")

;;; corporate-officer
(isa corporate-officer occupation-type)
(genls corporate-officer leader)
(genls corporate-officer administrator)
(comment corporate-officer "A collection of people.  An instance of corporate-officer is a person who is recognized as an officer of a corporation, as officially recorded in the corporate records of that corporation.  Common types of corporate-officer include company-president, company-vice-president, Secretary and Treasurer of a corporation.")

;;; corrosion-resistance
(isa corrosion-resistance primitive-attribute-type)
(genls corrosion-resistance scalar-interval)
(genls corrosion-resistance physical-attribute)
(comment corrosion-resistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute. Each element of corrosion-resistance represents a specific level of resistance to corrosion of some tangible object.  Degrees of corrosion-resistance may be represented using generic-value-functions.  Indicate a particular object's corrosion-resistance with the predicate resistance-to-corrosion.")

;;; cost-breakdown-slot
(isa cost-breakdown-slot predicate-category)
(genls cost-breakdown-slot binary-predicate)
(genls cost-breakdown-slot predicate)
(comment cost-breakdown-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of cost-breakdown-slot is a binary predicate used to describe some pecuniary aspect of an instance of buying.  The first argument to every cost-breakdown-slot is an element of buying and the second argument is always an instance of money.  Examples: money-transferred, discount, sales-tax, sales-commission.")

;;; cotemporal-objects-slot
(isa cotemporal-objects-slot predicate-category)
(genls cotemporal-objects-slot cotemporal-predicate)
(genls cotemporal-objects-slot inter-existing-object-slot)
(comment cotemporal-objects-slot "This is a subset of binary-predicate (hence the anachronistic `Slot' in its name).  It is also a subset of cotemporal-predicate.  Frankly, it is really just the intersection of cotemporal-predicate and binary-predicate, so it is strictly speaking superfluous, but has proven itself to be useful.  Suppose predicate P is an instance of cotemporal-objects-slot.  If (P X Y) holds, then it must be the case that (cotemporal X Y).  For example, consider the binary predicate owns, which is an instance of cotemporal-objects-slot.  To represent `Nick owned Spot in 1992' we could create the appropriate cotemporal subabstractions of each, and assert (owns NickIn1992 SpotIn1992), and this would satisfy the constraint introduced when we declared owns to be a cotemporal-objects-slot.  More tersely, we could use holds-in (qv) and just assert (holds-in (year-fn 1992) (owns Nick Spot)), since holds-in implicitly treats instances of something-existing as their appropriate subabstractions.  Alternatively, we could create a context (a microtheory) one of whose assumptions was a temporal one, limiting all axioms to holding during 1992, and then in that context we could simply assert (owns Nick Spot).  But it would be incorrect to assert (owns Nick Spot) in the base-k-b, since Nick as a baby and Nick as an old man didn't/won't own Spot.")

;;; cotemporal-predicate
(isa cotemporal-predicate relation-type)
(genls cotemporal-predicate predicate)
(comment cotemporal-predicate "A collection of Cyc predicates.  Each element of cotemporal-predicate is a Cyc predicate whose temporal arguments (i.e., arguments having a temporal extent) must be cotemporal, i.e., they have the same temporal starting points and ending points.  Moreover, all the temporal arguments of all the cotemporal predicates involved in a single axiom must be cotemporal.  Since this is a very common and important relationship, we'll consider a detailed example.   If I say `Fred owns a Camaro', what I really mean is that some sub-abstrac (i.e., a time-slice) of Fred, over some time interval INT (e.g., 1993-1995), owns some sub-abstrac of that Camaro, which exists over that very same time interval INT.  Fred may have owned many cars before and since, and that Camaro may have had many owners before and since, but one time-slice of Fred owned one time-slice of that car.  Common sense tells us that the time interval (INT) must have been the same in both cases; Cyc can infer this commonsensical conclusion from our having told it that owns is a cotemporal relation, i.e., (isa owns cotemporal-predicate).  A ternary example is `between', as in `Lucy is between Fred and Ethel'.  Not all predicates are elements of cotemporal-predicate, of course; consider `remembers' -- I (today) remember my father as he was forty years ago.  There are some borderline cases here; sees clearly belongs to cotemporal-predicate, but in the case of someone smelling another object (cf. smells) it is less clearcut, since one can smell an object that has ceased to exist.")

;;; coulomb
(isa coulomb standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa coulomb m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa coulomb unit-of-charge)
(isa coulomb unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa coulomb electrical-charge)
(result-isa coulomb scalar-interval)
(args-isa coulomb cyc-system-real-number)
(comment coulomb "This is the basic unit of measure for charge in the metric system and in CYC.")

;;; counterfactual-context
(isa counterfactual-context object-type)
(isa counterfactual-context microtheory-type)
(genls counterfactual-context microtheory)
(comment counterfactual-context "The collection of microtheories that are each assumed to include at least one counterfactual assertion: an assertion which is believed to be untrue in the real world.  It may be, however, that there is no explicit counterfactual assertion in a given counterfactual-context.  In particular, it is not required that there be any explicit contradiction of assertions in the genl-mts of the counterfactual-context.  But intuitively speaking, most adults would be reticent about trusting too strongly in a propositon whose only justification was in a counterfactual-context.  All works of fiction relate events that transpire in counterfactual contexts.  Examples:  world-mythology-mt, paddington-bear-stories-mt, christmas-mythology-mt.")

;;; country
(isa country existing-object-type)
(genls country geopolitical-entity)
(comment country "A collection of geopolitical entities.  An element of country is a nation-state having its own territory, population, and government, whether or not it is fully independent.  For example, scotland is an element of country, even though it is a part of the united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland.  Cf. independent-country.")

;;; country-subsidiary
(isa country-subsidiary existing-object-type)
(genls country-subsidiary geopolitical-entity)
(comment country-subsidiary "A collection of geopolitical entities.  Each element of country-subsidiary is a political region that is a direct subsidiary of some country.  This collection includes states, provinces, territories, and some special districts such as Washington, D.C.  This class is somewhat artificial but is useful when representing addresses.")

;;; county
(isa county spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls county geopolitical-entity)
(comment county "A collection of geopolitical entities.  An element of county is a lesser geopolitical region, having an area typically larger than a city but smaller than a state--geopolitical.  Traditionally, a county area was within one day's horseback ride from the County Seat.")

;;; county-government
(isa county-government existing-object-type)
(genls county-government regional-government)
(comment county-government "The collection of all county governments.")

;;; course-during-a-meal
(isa course-during-a-meal script-type)
(genls course-during-a-meal handling-an-object)
(comment course-during-a-meal "A collection of events.  Each element of course-during-a-meal is an event in which one or more diners at a meal consume a single course.  Examples include the elements of appetizer-course, main-course, dessert-course.")

;;; court--judicial
(isa court--judicial existing-object-type)
(genls court--judicial organization)
(comment court--judicial "A collection of organizations which are judicial agents.  An element of court--judicial is an established judicial court, i.e., an enduring governmental organization whose primary-function is to settle disputes by means of legal reasoning by one or more judges.  Typically, a court's orders are enforced by some other agency belonging to the government of which that court is a part.  The collection court--judicial includes federal, state, county, and municipal courts, appellate and chancery courts, tax courts, courts of claims, courts-martial (if non-temporary), admiralty courts, courts of chivalry, American Indian tribal courts, and the Permanent Court of International Justice.  It excludes Gypsy/Rom Kris courts, nonjudicial administrative county courts, stannaries, and temporary tribunals.")

;;; courtesy-title
(isa courtesy-title linguistic-object-type)
(genls courtesy-title title)
(comment courtesy-title "The collection of titles, such as  Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss, Dr., etc., which precede names in Anglo-American addressing custom.")

;;; cracking
(isa cracking script-type)
(genls cracking separation-event)
(genls cracking intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls cracking physical-event)
(comment cracking "A collection of change events.  In each cracking, something becomes cracked.  I.e., two or more areas of the thing are separated from one another (though perhaps not divided wholly into parts).  In order to undergo a cracking, the object-of-state-change must be in a solid-state-of-matter.")

;;; creation-event
(isa creation-event temporal-object-type)
(isa creation-event script-type)
(genls creation-event action)
(genls creation-event creation-or-destruction-event)
(comment creation-event "A collection of events.  In each element of creation-event, at least one instance of entity (the outputs-created) is brought into existence.")

;;; creation-or-destruction-event
(isa creation-or-destruction-event temporal-object-type)
(genls creation-or-destruction-event physical-event)
(comment creation-or-destruction-event "A collection of events.  During each element of creation-or-destruction-event, one or more instances of entity come into or go out of existence.  Elements of this collection are the sorts of events that have inputs, outputs, products, waste-products, and by-products.  Examples of creation-or-destruction-event would include a particular campfire (a combustion-process), manufacturing a particular car, etc.")

;;; credential
(isa credential object-type)
(genls credential propositional-information-thing)
(genls credential abstract-information)
(genls credential mental-object)
(genls credential temporal-thing)
(comment credential "A collection of intangible objects which consist of propositional information about an agent.  credential is a subset of propositional-information-thing (q.v.).  Each element of credential is specific information about one agent, provided by another agent; the information content of a credential consists of favorable, enabling, or empowering propositional declarations.  As represented in Cyc, credentials are intangible information, but each element of credential usually has some associated physical document (e.g., a diploma associated with a college degree, a driver's license).  A credential may certify that the holder (i.e., the subject of the credential) has a particular skill (e.g., legal bar certification, ability to drive); has completed certain training (e.g., GED schooling, Ph.D. requirements; is allowed to do a certain thing (e.g., travel visa, permission slip); and so on.  Recommendations are considered a kind of credential.")

;;; credit-card
(isa credit-card money-tender-type)
(genls credit-card tender-object)
(genls credit-card card)
(genls credit-card i-d-document)
(genls credit-card official-document)
(genls credit-card financial-account-tender-object)
(comment credit-card "A collection of plastic cards.  Each element of credit-card is a piece of plastic that enables authorized users to spend the card-issuing company's money, drawn as a (usually unsecured) loan through an associated instance of credit-card-account under a pre-arranged credit agreement.  The credit card company credits the vendor of the purchased goods or services and bills the card user, usually with interest.")

;;; crevice
(isa crevice existing-object-type)
(genls crevice cavity)
(comment crevice "The collection of all long, slender cavities or cracks or furrows in otherwise solid objects.")

;;; crime-detection
(isa crime-detection temporal-object-type)
(isa crime-detection script-type)
(genls crime-detection purposeful-action)
(genls crime-detection human-activity)
(comment crime-detection "This is the actual act of detecting a crime.")

;;; cubic-centimeter
(isa cubic-centimeter unit-of-volume)
(isa cubic-centimeter unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa cubic-centimeter c-g-s-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa cubic-centimeter volume)
(result-isa cubic-centimeter scalar-interval)
(args-isa cubic-centimeter cyc-system-real-number)
(comment cubic-centimeter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the Metric cc, a unit of measure for volume.  See also c-g-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; currency
(isa currency money-tender-type)
(genls currency portable-object)
(genls currency information-bearing-object)
(genls currency tender-object)
(genls currency visual-information-source)
(comment currency "A collection of physical objects.  An instance of currency is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender (i.e., not checks or credit cards) and used as a means of transferring a quantity of money between some elements of agent.  Elements of currency may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts.  Elements of currency are typically backed by and issued by national governments.
Note: This collection includes all instances of legal tender, worldwide and historically.  But, for better or worse, the notion of legal tender is context-dependent.  Normally what counts as currency is relative to the country one is in; legal tender in the United States is not the same as legal tender in China.  (Though US dollars may have excellent value on the black market.)  What counts as legal tender depends on historical events as well, since a government may change, withdraw, or cancel some types of currency it previously authorized.  Also, conquest of one country by another usually brings about the collapse of the loser's currency.  A Confederate ten dollar bill, e.g., is not an element of currency in the context of twentieth century Alabama, even though it belongs to currency in a different context.")

;;; curvature-of-surface
(isa curvature-of-surface attribute-type)
(genls curvature-of-surface attribute-value)
(comment curvature-of-surface "The collection of all surface curvature attributes.  These may apply to a particular piece of a surface of an object, or to the whole surface.  For real-world (non-mathematical) surfaces, there is ordinarily some tolerance for minor surface deviations that depends on the context.  Thus a 'flat' surface may have relatively small bumps and crevices.")

;;; cutting-device
(isa cutting-device existing-object-type)
(genls cutting-device physical-device)
(comment cutting-device "A collection of devices.  An instance of cutting-device is a device whose primary-function is to (enable its user to) cut another object.  Subsets of cutting-device include the collections razors, scissors, lawn-mowers,and more.")

;;; cyc
(isa cyc the-term)
(isa cyc cyclist)
(comment cyc "A computer program -- in fact, THIS computer program! -- which is also a Cyclist, hence entitled to inspect, modify, add, and delete units.")

;;; cyc-e-l-variable
(isa cyc-e-l-variable object-type)
(isa cyc-e-l-variable collection)
(genls cyc-e-l-variable cyc-system-variable)
(genls cyc-e-l-variable cyc-system-symbol)
(comment cyc-e-l-variable "The collection of variables that appear in elements of cyc-expression.  Strings used for elements of cyc-e-l-variable must begin with the character `?'; e.g., ?X, ?AGENT, ?PROP.")

;;; cyc-expression
(isa cyc-expression linguistic-object-type)
(isa cyc-expression collection)
(genls cyc-expression abstract-information)
(genls cyc-expression computational-object)
(genls cyc-expression individual)
(comment cyc-expression "The collection of all syntactically legal CycL expressions.  Note that CycL is NOT just first-order:  this collection includes sets and propositions, as well as individuals and predicates.")

;;; cyc-formula
(isa cyc-formula linguistic-object-type)
(isa cyc-formula collection)
(genls cyc-formula proposition)
(genls cyc-formula linguistic-object)
(genls cyc-formula cyc-expression)
(comment cyc-formula "The collection of all well-formed CycL formulas.  Every Cyc formula is a Cyc expression and a proposition; cyc-formula is a subset of both cyc-expression and proposition.  Example: (and (isa pittman human-cyclist) (resides-in-region pittman city-of-austin-t-x)).   For a thorough discussion of what constitutes a well-formed CycL formula, see the Cyc documentation.")

;;; cyc-indexed-term
(isa cyc-indexed-term collection)
(genls cyc-indexed-term thing)
(comment cyc-indexed-term "Elements of cyc-indexed-term are objects that are indexed in the Cyc kb (e.g., kb constants, kb assertions).")

;;; cyc-system-atom
(isa cyc-system-atom object-type)
(genls cyc-system-atom cyc-system-list-or-atom)
(comment cyc-system-atom "A collection of the atomic data belonging to the CycL substrate of the Cyc System.  Elements of cyc-system-atom cannot be decomposed (e.g., a symbol).")

;;; cyc-system-atom-with-value
(isa cyc-system-atom-with-value object-type)
(genls cyc-system-atom-with-value cyc-system-atom)
(comment cyc-system-atom-with-value "A sub-collection of the atomic data belonging to the CycL substrate of the Cyc System.  Each element of cyc-system-atom-with-value is an atomic datum that has a value (e.g., 2) associated with it.")

;;; cyc-system-list
(isa cyc-system-list object-type)
(isa cyc-system-list collection)
(genls cyc-system-list list--sequence)
(genls cyc-system-list cyc-system-list-or-atom)
(genls cyc-system-list individual)
(comment cyc-system-list "A collection of tuples (see tuple).  Each element of cyc-system-list is an ordered list of items enclosed in parentheses.  Cyc system lists are those things that pass the defn-iff LISTP, i.e., those things considered by the Cyc System to be lists.")

;;; cyc-system-list-or-atom
(isa cyc-system-list-or-atom object-type)
(genls cyc-system-list-or-atom cyc-system-object)
(comment cyc-system-list-or-atom "A collection including both the lists and the atomic data belonging to the CycL substrate of the Cyc System.")

;;; cyc-system-object
(isa cyc-system-object object-type)
(genls cyc-system-object computational-object)
(comment cyc-system-object "The collection of computational (i.e., abstract, intangible, syntactically structured) objects which make up Cyc's CycL-based system.")

;;; cyc-system-real-number
(isa cyc-system-real-number object-type)
(isa cyc-system-real-number collection)
(genls cyc-system-real-number cyc-system-atom-with-value)
(genls cyc-system-real-number real-number)
(comment cyc-system-real-number "cyc-system-real-number is the set of all numbers which satisfy the defn-sufficient NUMBERP (i.e., the set of numbers which are considered reals or integers by CycL).  Thus, 3.14, 0, and -0.004 are legitimate elements of cyc-system-real-number.  But (meter 6), (unity 3.3), :34, plus-infinity, and Avogadro's number are NOT legitimate elements of cyc-system-real-number.")

;;; cyc-system-string
(isa cyc-system-string collection)
(genls cyc-system-string cyc-system-atom)
(genls cyc-system-string individual)
(comment cyc-system-string "Each cyc-system-string is a sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes")

;;; cyc-system-symbol
(isa cyc-system-symbol object-type)
(isa cyc-system-symbol collection)
(genls cyc-system-symbol cyc-system-atom)
(genls cyc-system-symbol individual)
(comment cyc-system-symbol "A collection of symbolic atomic terms, namely, all those things that satisfy the  definition of a symbol in the Cyc system.  Every element of cyc-system-symbol satisfies the Heuristic Level (SubL) defn-iff SYMBOLP.  Such terms cannot include numbers or strings (i.e., they must be symbolic), nor can they include lists, non-reified function terms, or axioms (i.e., they must be atomic).")

;;; cyc-system-variable
(isa cyc-system-variable object-type)
(genls cyc-system-variable cyc-system-symbol)
(comment cyc-system-variable "The collection of atomic data, each element of which denotes a variable within CycL and therefore can have a value associated with it during inferencing.  cyc-system-variable excludes Cyc System symbols which designate constants or strings.")

;;; cyclical-interval-group-type
(isa cyclical-interval-group-type collection)
(genls cyclical-interval-group-type mutually-disjoint-interval-collection)
(comment cyclical-interval-group-type "(isa ?X cyclical-interval-group-type) means that ?X is a collection of interval types whose instances recur in a set pattern throughout all of calendar history.  ?X must partition all of time: the elements of ?X must be mutually disjoint, and unioned altogether they must encompass all time.  For example, ?X could be the set of the seven calendar days (Monday through Sunday), or the set of the twelve calendar months (January through December).  I.e., (isa day-of-week-type cyclical-interval-group-type) and (isa month-of-year-type cyclical-interval-group-type).  `Recurring in a set pattern' generally means that one can put the elements of ?X in order, say X1, X2,..., Xn, and there will be an instance of X1 immediately followed by an instance of X2 (that instance x2a of X2 will be contiguous-after that instance x1a of X1),  and there will be an instance of X3 immediately following that particular instance of X2, and there will be an instance of X4 immediately following that instance of X3, etc.  One final note:  when we arrange elements of ?X into such a pattern X1,...Xn (whose repetitions then `tile' all time), n may be larger than the cardinality of ?X.  E.g., ?X might be the set with just the 2 elements WeekendDay (the union of the set saturday and the set sunday) and WeekDay, and then the arrangement that tiles all time is 5 contiguous WeekDays followed by 2 contiguous WeekendDays.")

;;; cyclist
(isa cyclist collection)
(genls cyclist temporal-thing)
(comment cyclist "The set of actors (mostly people) entitled to inspect and modify the Cyc knowledge base")

;;; cyclists-mt
(isa cyclists-mt microtheory)
(genl-mt cyclists-mt base-k-b)
(comment cyclists-mt "A microtheory for stating basic hierarchical (isa and genls) information pertaining to users of cyc.")

;;; cylinder-fn
(isa cylinder-fn shape-function)
(result-isa cylinder-fn three-dimensional-shape)
(result-isa cylinder-fn abstract-shape)
(arg1-isa cylinder-fn distance)
(arg2-isa cylinder-fn distance)
(comment cylinder-fn "The Cyc function cylinder-fn is a shape-function (q.v.).  (cylinder-fn L D) that returns an abstract cylinder of length L and diameter D.  For example, a particular beer mug can-contain-shapes (cylinder-fn (inch 10) (inch 5)).")

;;; daily-personal-cleaning
(isa daily-personal-cleaning temporal-object-type)
(isa daily-personal-cleaning default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls daily-personal-cleaning cleaning)
(comment daily-personal-cleaning "A collection of events.  Each daily-personal-cleaning encompasses the standard cleaning and grooming activities that an animal engages in over the course of a day.  Such a `daily routine' is almost sure to include many brief grooming and cleaning actions, such as licking one's paws, combing one's hair, washing one's hands, shaving, bathing, etc., and those are sub-events of that daily-personal-cleaning event.  For example, a human's daily-personal-cleaning might have a teeth-cleaning as one of its sub-events, along with a taking-a-bath, two instances of combing-hair, etc.  
Note:  Those specialized kinds of events, like combing-hair, are NOT subsets of daily-personal-cleaning, since it would be abnormal for someone to JUST comb their hair each day (and do absolutely no other daily cleaning activity whatsoever).
Note:  In the context human-activities-mt --- where all the performers of actions are, by default, human beings --- daily-personal-cleaning designates human grooming activities only.  In that microtheory, dog-grooming performed by human beings does not constitute daily-personal-cleaning, even if it happens on a daily basis for some pampered poodle, as it is not PERSONAL (i.e, self-) cleaning.")

;;; database--abstract-content
(isa database--abstract-content object-type)
(genls database--abstract-content indexed-info-source)
(comment database--abstract-content "The collection of all databases, as abstract repositories of information rather than as physical storage devices.   A database generally has some means of accessing the data from structured records, frames or relational structures, using some query language.  A particular database--abstract-content may exist in multiple copies, and may be distributed over several different physical data storage sites: see also database--physical.")

;;; database--physical
(isa database--physical existing-object-type)
(genls database--physical composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(genls database--physical information-bearing-object)
(genls database--physical structured-information-source)
(comment database--physical "A collection of information 
bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of 
structured-information-source.  Each element of database--physical 
is an IBO that stores many pieces of information, organized 
for easy scanning and access.  Typically, a data base 
involves one or more formatted data record schemes, 
together with some device for searching and retrieving data.  
Note that, as an IBO, a database--physical is some particular,
tangible copy of a database. To refer to the abstract 'content'
of a database, use database--abstract-content.")

;;; date
(isa date collection)
(isa date temporal-object-type)
(genls date temporal-thing)
(genls date time-interval)
(comment date "date is a subset of time-interval.  A date is any time-interval which can be defined purely by its location on the calendar.  Thus a date could be a particular calendar day, a particular calendar quarter, a particular calendar month, a particular decade, etc.  So the subsets of date include calendar-minute, calendar-quarter, etc., as well as calendar-day.")

;;; date-after-fn
(not 
  (isa date-after-fn modal-relationship))
(isa date-after-fn evaluatable-function)
(isa date-after-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa date-after-fn date)
(arg1-isa date-after-fn date)
(arg2-isa date-after-fn time--quantity)
(comment date-after-fn "Like plus-fn, but for dates.  (date-after-fn ?DATE ?DUR) returns a date which is ?DUR amount of time after ?DATE.  For example, (date-after-fn (year-fn 1950) (years-duration 10)) returns (year-fn 1960).  See also date-before-fn, time-elapsed-fn.")

;;; date-before-fn
(not 
  (isa date-before-fn modal-relationship))
(isa date-before-fn evaluatable-function)
(isa date-before-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa date-before-fn date)
(arg1-isa date-before-fn date)
(arg2-isa date-before-fn time--quantity)
(comment date-before-fn "Like difference-fn, but for dates.  (date-before-fn ?DATE ?DUR) returns a date which is ?DUR amount of time before ?DATE.  For example, (date-before-fn (year-fn 1999) (years-duration 1)) returns (year-fn 1998).   See also date-after-fn, time-elapsed-fn.")

;;; dawn
(isa dawn temporal-object-type)
(isa dawn script-type)
(genls dawn twilight)
(genls dawn qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment dawn "Each instance of dawn is a dimly-lit period before a sunrise.")

;;; day-fn
(isa day-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa day-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa day-fn calendar-day)
(arg1-isa day-fn positive-integer)
(arg2-isa day-fn calendar-month)
(comment day-fn "(day-fn ?D ?MNTH) denotes a calendar-day -- in particular, the day number ?D of month ?MNTH.  For example, (day-fn 14 (month-fn february (year-fn 1966))) denotes Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; days-duration
(isa days-duration unit-of-time)
(isa days-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa days-duration unit-of-measure)
(result-isa days-duration scalar-interval)
(result-isa days-duration time--quantity)
(args-isa days-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment days-duration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.  An expression of the form (days-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min Days and at most ?max Days.  (days-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num days.")

;;; daytime-working-hours
(isa daytime-working-hours temporal-object-type)
(genls daytime-working-hours time-of-day)
(comment daytime-working-hours "daytime-working-hours is a set of time intervals.  The length of each of those intervals, and their starting-point and ending-point, are defined by the bulk of a working population performing their daily jobs.  The schedule varies by context -- i.e. which group of workers are being considered -- and the boundaries are fuzzy.  This fuzziness makes the concept more useful in many ways, though, not less useful.")

;;; dead-animal
(isa dead-animal existing-object-type)
(genls dead-animal organic-stuff)
(comment dead-animal "A subset of organic-stuff (and not, of course, of animal, whose elements must be alive).  Each element of dead-animal is a corpse or partial remains of an individual animal, somewhat intact, and prior to any butchering, burning, cooking, dissolving, or fully decomposing.")

;;; dead-language
(isa dead-language object-type)
(genls dead-language natural-language)
(comment dead-language "A subset of natural-language.  Each element of dead-language is a natural language that is no longer spoken as a native language.")

;;; december
(isa december month-of-year-type)
(genls december calendar-month)

;;; deciding-which-instrument-predicate-to-use
(isa deciding-which-instrument-predicate-to-use shared-note)
(comment deciding-which-instrument-predicate-to-use "Which instrument predicate you use depends on what level of generality you wish your statement to apply at.  One help is to look at the argument types of each instrument predicate and decide.  Do you want it to apply to every partially-tangible which is an instrument?  Then use instrument--generic since partially-tangible is its arg1-isa.  Are you writing a rule which really only applies to physical-devices  Then use device-used.  But be careful!  When you use a more specific predicate such as device-used it may have special extra conditions in its definition aside from the physical-device arg1-isa constraint.  Also if your first stab at the rule involves device-used in the antecedent, see if it applies more generally to instrument--generic.")

;;; deciduous-plant
(isa deciduous-plant existing-object-type)
(genls deciduous-plant plant--woody)
(comment deciduous-plant "A collection of plants.  Each element of deciduous-plant is a plant which sheds all of its leaves once a year, seasonally, and subsequently grows new ones.")

;;; decomposition-event
(isa decomposition-event temporal-object-type)
(isa decomposition-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls decomposition-event destruction-event)
(genls decomposition-event decomposition-process)
(comment decomposition-event "The collection of events in which one or more objects decompose more or less completely.  See also the more general concept decomposition-process, in whose instances objects at least partially decompose.")

;;; decomposition-process
(isa decomposition-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa decomposition-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls decomposition-process transformation-process)
(comment decomposition-process "A collection of events in which some object decomposes.  I.e., in a decomposition-process event, some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions (sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that eventually result in the object losing its shape and material characteristics.  This may sometimes superficially resemble melting, but it is a different process.")

;;; decrypting
(isa decrypting temporal-object-type)
(genls decrypting i-b-t-recoding)
(comment decrypting "The collection of actions in which an encrypted IBO (information-bearing-object) is transformed so that it can be accessed.")

;;; default-disjoint-food-type
(isa default-disjoint-food-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls default-disjoint-food-type product-type)
(comment default-disjoint-food-type "A collection of collections.  Each instance of default-disjoint-food-type is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (a subset of food or food-ingredient-only).  More to the point, this collection-of-collections is a sibling-disjoint-collection (qv).  So every two instances of default-disjoint-food-type are either disjoint, or are in a known subset/superset relationship, or have some known (reified) common specialization.  Virtually every commonly-named type of food will be an element of this set-of-sets.  E.g., the collections hot-dog, chicken-soup, cocoa--the-powder, prune, toaster-tart, milk-powder, and so on.  One could easily define a collection of foodstuff and beverages, such as The-Food-That-Was-Eaten-In-Dallas-Yesterday, that would not be a member of this set-of-sets, but most such collections are not worth naming and keeping around.  See the concept sibling-disjoint-collection for more information about this sort of arrangement.")

;;; default-disjoint-script-type
(isa default-disjoint-script-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls default-disjoint-script-type script-type)
(comment default-disjoint-script-type "This is a  sibling-disjoint-collection (qv).  So the elements of default-disjoint-script-type are kinds of actions (subsets of event) that can be assumed to be mutually disjoint from each other (unless one is known to be a subset of the other, or there is a known common subset.)")

;;; default-monotonic-predicate
(isa default-monotonic-predicate object-type)
(isa default-monotonic-predicate collection)
(genls default-monotonic-predicate predicate)
(comment default-monotonic-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of default-monotonic-predicate is a predicate whose use as the predicate of a locally asserted ground formula causes that formula to be entered, by default, as :MONOTONIC.  Examples: isa, genls, disjoint-with, equals, arity, arg1-isa.")

;;; degeneration-event
(isa degeneration-event temporal-object-type)
(isa degeneration-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls degeneration-event incurring-damage)
(comment degeneration-event "A collection of events.  In each degeneration-event, some object loses its function(s) through a process of deterioration and/or a series of discrete breakdowns.")

;;; degree--unit-of-angular-measure
(isa degree--unit-of-angular-measure unit-of-angular-distance)
(isa degree--unit-of-angular-measure unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa degree--unit-of-angular-measure physical-attribute)
(result-isa degree--unit-of-angular-measure scalar-interval)
(args-isa degree--unit-of-angular-measure cyc-system-real-number)
(comment degree--unit-of-angular-measure "The basic unit to measure the size of angles, in the Imperial system of measurement.  360 degrees = 1 complete circle")

;;; degree-celsius
(isa degree-celsius unit-of-temperature)
(isa degree-celsius m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa degree-celsius unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa degree-celsius temperature)
(result-isa degree-celsius scalar-interval)
(args-isa degree-celsius cyc-system-real-number)
(comment degree-celsius "The standard unit of temperature in much of the world and also in CYC.")

;;; degree-fahrenheit
(isa degree-fahrenheit unit-of-temperature)
(isa degree-fahrenheit unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa degree-fahrenheit temperature)
(result-isa degree-fahrenheit scalar-interval)
(args-isa degree-fahrenheit cyc-system-real-number)
(comment degree-fahrenheit "The unit of measure on the Fahrenheit scale; mainly used in the USA")

;;; degree-kelvin
(isa degree-kelvin unit-of-temperature)
(isa degree-kelvin standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa degree-kelvin unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa degree-kelvin temperature)
(result-isa degree-kelvin scalar-interval)
(args-isa degree-kelvin cyc-system-real-number)
(comment degree-kelvin "The unit of measure on the Kelvin or Absolute temperature scale; mainly used in science; note that the size of this unit is equal to the size of a DegreeCentrigrade.")

;;; density
(isa density derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls density scalar-interval)
(genls density physical-attribute)
(comment density "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of density is a measurable physical property of a tangible object, namely, its mass per volume.  Densities may be represented relative to certain substances, e.g., salt-water-density, fresh-water-density, dense-as-oil.  Densities of objects are reported using the predicate density-of-object.")

;;; dentist
(isa dentist occupation-type)
(genls dentist medical-care-professional)
(comment dentist "The collection of doctors that are trained with diagnosing and treating diseases of the gums and teeth.")

;;; derived-numeric-attribute-type
(isa derived-numeric-attribute-type collection)
(genls derived-numeric-attribute-type measurable-attribute-type)
(comment derived-numeric-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of derived-numeric-attribute-type is a collection of measurable attributes that are measured in complex units, including volume, area, acceleration, etc.  The types of attributes in derived-numeric-attribute-type are `derived' from other, fundamental attributes (such as distance and mass) which are measured in simple units.  Cf. fundamental-numeric-attribute-type.")

;;; desert-climate-cycle
(isa desert-climate-cycle climate-cycle-type)
(genls desert-climate-cycle annual-climate-cycle)
(genls desert-climate-cycle temperate-climate-cycle)
(comment desert-climate-cycle "The attribute of having a desert climate.  Wide termperature extremes from very hot in day to cold at night.  Very little precipitation on a year-long basis, although there may be desert storms.")

;;; desk-worker
(isa desk-worker occupation-type)
(genls desk-worker professional)
(comment desk-worker "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  This is a general category of workers that generally sit at desks, as opposed to those who do factory work or outside work, etc.  Subsets include administrator, computer-operator, and secretary.")

;;; destruction-event
(isa destruction-event temporal-object-type)
(isa destruction-event script-type)
(genls destruction-event creation-or-destruction-event)
(comment destruction-event "A collection of events.  In each element of destruction-event, at least one instance of entity (the inputs-destroyed) ceases to exist.")

;;; device--single-user
(isa device--single-user existing-object-type)
(genls device--single-user partially-tangible)
(genls device--single-user physical-device)
(comment device--single-user "A collection of devices.  
One can classify devices according to how many simultaneous 
users they typically have.  An instance of device--single-user
is any device that typically has/requires exactly one (i.e., 
one and only one) user.  A screwdriver (an instance of 
screwdriver) is a device--single-user, but a grand piano 
(an instance of grand-piano) is not.  A borderline non-example 
is a car --- although only one person operates it, several can 
`use' it at once, i.e. derive the value of its primary function 
which is transportation.  So a car is not a device--single-user.
A borderline example is a telephone -- although it requires 
two or more users (each on telephones) for meaningful use, 
each phone generally has just one user at a time.  
So a telephone is a device--single-user but a telephone-circuit is not.")

;;; device--user-powered
(isa device--user-powered existing-object-type)
(genls device--user-powered solid-tangible-thing)
(genls device--user-powered muscle-powered-device)

;;; device-running
(isa device-running temporal-stuff-type)
(isa device-running default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls device-running physical-event)
(comment device-running "A collection of events.  An instance of device-running is an event in which some device is running.  This collection includes events which are complete cycles of a device's normal function (see single-complete-run-of-a-device) as well as random time slices (time-slices) of them running.  Examples include instances of the collections airplane-take-off, skate-boarding, riding-a-motorcycle, etc.  Some stranger examples --- which are not instances of single-complete-run-of-a-device --- include: all the the ignition phases of the firing of my Honda's engine during November of 1996; my TV when it was on and showing a commercial this year; my TV when it was on and I was watching it this week.")

;;; device-state
(isa device-state unordered-attribute-type)
(genls device-state attribute-value)
(comment device-state "A collection of states that devices can be in, including: device-on, device-off, recording-states, cocked-state, folded, off-hook, unlocked, and many others.")

;;; dexterity
(isa dexterity script-performance-attribute-type)
(genls dexterity script-performance-attribute)
(comment dexterity "dexterity is the script-performance-attribute-type for describing actions in which the performer's hands move accurately, quickly, and with economy of motion.")

;;; diagnosing-and-repairing-something
(isa diagnosing-and-repairing-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls diagnosing-and-repairing-something intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls diagnosing-and-repairing-something action-on-object)
(genls diagnosing-and-repairing-something purposeful-action)
(genls diagnosing-and-repairing-something human-activity)
(comment diagnosing-and-repairing-something "The collection of all actions of diagnosing and repairing something, in a very broad sense.  Such events can range from fixing a physical-device (e.g., the last time you took your car in to be fixed), to killing pests that infest a place.  All such actions involve an intrinsic change in the thing which undergoes repairs.  Notice that a diagnosis action alone, or a repair action alone, would not be elements of this collection; they could be sub-events of an element of this collection.")

;;; dietary-deficiency-condition
(isa dietary-deficiency-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls dietary-deficiency-condition malnutrition)
(comment dietary-deficiency-condition "The collection of physiological conditions brought on by consuming less of a nutrient than the body requires.")

;;; difference-fn
(isa difference-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(isa difference-fn non-predicate-function)
(isa difference-fn evaluatable-function)
(result-isa difference-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa difference-fn scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa difference-fn scalar-interval)
(comment difference-fn "difference-fn is Cyc's subtraction operator; it is a binary mathematical function.  (difference-fn MINUEND SUBTRAHEND) yields a new quantity that is the result of subtracting SUBTRAHEND from MINUEND.  Both arguments to difference-fn must be elements of scalar-interval, as is its result.  Examples: (difference-fn 88 11) returns 77; (difference-fn (kilogram 4.2) (kilogram 3)) returns (kilogram 1.2).")

;;; digestion-event
(isa digestion-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls digestion-event single-doer-action)
(genls digestion-event biological-decomposition-event)
(genls digestion-event body-movement-event)
(comment digestion-event "A collection of events.  For most animals, a digestion-event starts at the mouth and, for most vertebrates, end at the anus.  This concept should not be confused with digesting-in-stomach, whose instances occur only in an organism's stomach.  A digestion-event spans the whole digestive-system, from start to finish.")

;;; digestive-system
(isa digestive-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls digestive-system biological-living-object)
(genls digestive-system animal-body-part)
(comment digestive-system "The collection of all animals' digestive systems.  A digestive-system is a system of organs and other body parts (typically of vertebrates) which work together to accomplish the digestion function.")

;;; dimensionless-unit-of-measure
(isa dimensionless-unit-of-measure interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls dimensionless-unit-of-measure unit-of-measure)
(comment dimensionless-unit-of-measure "A subset of unit-of-measure.  dimensionless-unit-of-measure is the collection of measurement functions whose results are elements of scalar-interval which have no dimension; i.e., they are simply numbers, instances of interval-on-number-line.  Examples include percent, unity, thousandths.  (percent 50) returns the point-interval, one-half (0.5).  (unity 3 4) returns the interval that is the range of numbers between 3 and 4, inclusive.")

;;; directed-translation
(isa directed-translation script-type)
(isa directed-translation temporal-stuff-type)
(genls directed-translation purposeful-action)
(genls directed-translation movement--translation-event)
(comment directed-translation "A collection of events; a subset of movement--translation-event.  Each instance of directed-translation is a movement event that is performed-by an agent --- that agent intends for the object-moving to reach a particular target.  Examples:  William Tell shooting the arrow off his son's head,  John Wilkes Booth shooting Abraham Lincoln, the last time you tossed a frisbee to someone, a pilot landing an airplane, and a skiier skiing one run of the downhill course.")

;;; direction-expression
(isa direction-expression collection)
(genls direction-expression unit-vector-interval)
(comment direction-expression "A collection of vectors; a subset of unit-vector-interval.  Each element of direction-expression is a vector representing a direction.  Typically these expressions are used to indicate direction between two objects or locations.  An important subset of this collection is geographical-direction; e.g., south--directly, north-west--directly.")

;;; dirtiness
(isa dirtiness primitive-attribute-type)
(genls dirtiness attribute-value)
(genls dirtiness scalar-interval)
(comment dirtiness "A collection of attributes.  Dirtiness is a measurable attribute that many tangible objects have.  Each element of the collection dirtiness represents a specific level of dirtiness (or cleanliness!); e.g., dirty, really-dirty, a-little-dirty, clean, sterile.  Indicate a particular object's dirtiness with the predicate dirtiness-of-object.")

;;; disappointment
(isa disappointment feeling-attribute-type)
(genls disappointment dissatisfaction)
(genls disappointment surprise)
(genls disappointment sadness)
(comment disappointment "The emotion or state of feeling defeated in expectation or hope.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; disapproval
(isa disapproval feeling-attribute-type)
(genls disapproval feeling-attribute)
(comment disapproval "The emotion or state of disapproving of something; a negative attitude towards some situation, proposal, person, or thing, implying a judgment based on explicit or implicit standards (rational, moral, pragmatic, or etc.).  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  More specialized feeling-attribute-types than disapproval are contempt, hate, abhorrence, etc.  More subtly, it is often true that feelings of jealousy or envy manifest in superficial shows of disapproval.  disapproval is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.")

;;; disaster-event
(isa disaster-event temporal-object-type)
(isa disaster-event script-type)
(genls disaster-event destruction-event)
(comment disaster-event "A collection of events.  In each disaster-event, a large group of people (or, in decreasing order of likelihood of usage of this concept, a large group of animals, plants, corporations, etc.) are at very high risk of injury or property damage, or in which a lot of injury and property damage occurs even though the risk was low.")

;;; disgust
(isa disgust feeling-attribute-type)
(genls disgust dislike)
(comment disgust "A feeling of repulsion or aversion towards something considered distasteful or repugnant.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than disgust include feelings of abhorrence.")

;;; disjoint-set-or-collection
(isa disjoint-set-or-collection collection)
(genls disjoint-set-or-collection set-or-collection)
(comment disjoint-set-or-collection "A collection of mathematical sets and collections the members of which are themselves mathematical sets or collections.  A set or collection, SETORCOL, of sets or collections is an instance of disjoint-set-or-collection just in case the elements of SETORCOL are mutually disjoint -- that is, no two elements of SETORCOL have any elements in common.")
(synonymous-external-concept disjoint-set-or-collection s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISJUNCTIVE-SET")

;;; dislike
(isa dislike feeling-attribute-type)
(genls dislike feeling-attribute)
(comment dislike "A feeling of disaffection or disaffinity for a person or thing.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than dislike are disgust, contempt, hate, resentment, etc.")

;;; dispute-event
(isa dispute-event temporal-object-type)
(isa dispute-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls dispute-event hostile-social-action)
(comment dispute-event "A collection of events with multiple participants.  In each dispute-event,  some participants seek to achieve states of affairs that other participants seek to prevent.  Disputes may or may not get settled.  Settlement of a dispute may be by fighting, by competition, by using a mediator or court, by chance, by mutual reasoning, etc.")

;;; dissatisfaction
(isa dissatisfaction feeling-attribute-type)
(genls dissatisfaction feeling-attribute)
(comment dissatisfaction "Feeling of discontent, due to a lack of fulfillment of an agent's desires, needs, or requirements.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.   Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than dissatisfaction are disappointment, frustration, impatience, anger, etc. ")

;;; dissolving
(isa dissolving temporal-stuff-type)
(isa dissolving default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls dissolving destruction-event)
(comment dissolving "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, a solvent and a solute mix to form a solution.")

;;; distance
(isa distance fundamental-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls distance scalar-interval)
(genls distance physical-attribute)
(comment distance "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of distance is the length of a path in space extending from one point to another.  Elements of distance may be either a fixed interval, such as the height of the washington-monument-in-washington-d-c, or a range, such as within-audible-distance (see scalar-interval for more explanation).  Also, see unit-of-distance for the units used by Cyc to measure distances.")

;;; distributing-meta-knowledge-predicate
(isa distributing-meta-knowledge-predicate collection)
(genls distributing-meta-knowledge-predicate predicate)
(comment distributing-meta-knowledge-predicate "instances are predicates which are permitted to distribute over multiple assertions resulting from canonicalizing one (or more) of the formula args")

;;; distribution-event
(isa distribution-event temporal-object-type)
(isa distribution-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls distribution-event transfer-out)
(comment distribution-event "A collection of events.  Each element of distribution-event is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are distributed from a source to various destinations via some distribution network.")

;;; dock
(isa dock existing-object-type)
(genls dock outdoor-location)
(genls dock fixed-structure)
(comment dock "The collection of long flat walkways that jut out over water from  shorelines.  A Dock's main function is to provide a place to secure boats and to provide a place where passengers and cargo can be loaded and unloaded.")

;;; doctor--medical
(isa doctor--medical medical-specialty-type)
(genls doctor--medical prescriber)
(genls doctor--medical medical-care-professional)
(genls doctor--medical scientist)
(comment doctor--medical "The collection of all medical doctors - MDs and Osteopaths.")

;;; dog
(isa dog biological-species)
(genls dog carnivore)
(genls dog mammal)
(genls dog domestic-pet)
(comment dog "The collection of all dogs of all breeds.  Elements of dog may be members of domestic-pet or of wild-animal; e.g., dog includes the dingo dogs of australia.  However, dog excludes the members of wolf, fox, and the other non-dog subsets of canine-animal.  dog is an instance of biological-species, Canis familiaris.")

;;; dollar--united-states
(isa dollar--united-states unit-of-money)
(isa dollar--united-states unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa dollar--united-states standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa dollar--united-states money)
(result-isa dollar--united-states scalar-interval)
(args-isa dollar--united-states cyc-system-real-number)
(comment dollar--united-states "An element of unit-of-money.  dollar--united-states represents the main standard monetary unit of the United States of America.  One dollar--united-states is equivalent to 100 cent--united-states.  See unit-of-measure for further explanation.")

;;; dollars-per-hour
(isa dollars-per-hour unit-of-monetary-flow-rate)
(isa dollars-per-hour unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa dollars-per-hour monetary-flow-rate)
(result-isa dollars-per-hour scalar-interval)
(result-isa dollars-per-hour rate)
(args-isa dollars-per-hour cyc-system-real-number)
(comment dollars-per-hour "An element of unit-of-monetary-flow-rate; the amount of money in dollars earned, spent, or transferred in an hour.")

;;; dollars-per-year
(isa dollars-per-year unit-of-monetary-flow-rate)
(isa dollars-per-year unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa dollars-per-year monetary-flow-rate)
(result-isa dollars-per-year scalar-interval)
(result-isa dollars-per-year rate)
(args-isa dollars-per-year cyc-system-real-number)
(comment dollars-per-year "An element of unit-of-monetary-flow-rate; the amount of money in dollars earned, spent, or transferred in a year.")

;;; domestic-pet
(isa domestic-pet existing-object-type)
(genls domestic-pet portable-object)
(genls domestic-pet domesticated-animal)
(genls domestic-pet human-occupation-construct-resident)
(comment domestic-pet "The subset of domesticated-animal whose elements are animals kept by humans primarily for their companionship.  (They may, however, do some chores such as catching mice.)  Many members of domestic-pet live in the homes of their owners.")

;;; domesticated-animal
(isa domesticated-animal existing-object-type)
(genls domesticated-animal non-person-animal)
(comment domesticated-animal "A subset of animal; the collection of all animals which are kept by humans for labor, transportation, food, or as pets, and whose relations with humans are more or less cooperative.  domesticated-animal does NOT include instances of tiger being kept in zoos, though it arguably includes Shamu or Flipper.  Cf. wild-animal, captive-animal.")

;;; domesticated-animal-food
(isa domesticated-animal-food product-type)
(isa domesticated-animal-food existing-stuff-type)
(genls domesticated-animal-food tangible-product)
(comment domesticated-animal-food "A collection of tangible stuff; a subset of tangible-product.  Each element of domesticated-animal-food is a foodstuff produced by human beings and intended for consumption by domesticated animals.  This collection includes feed manufactured for horses, cattle, chickens, and other farm animals, as well as `pet foods'.")

;;; doorway
(isa doorway existing-object-type)
(genls doorway inanimate-thing)
(genls doorway portal)
(comment doorway "A collection of portals.  Each element of doorway is a portal in some instance of shelter-construction, suitable for people (and perhaps vehicles) to enter and exit.  For example, doorways to houses, office buildings, elevators, automobiles, airplanes, garages, etc.")

;;; doorway-covering
(isa doorway-covering existing-object-type)
(isa doorway-covering product-type)
(genls doorway-covering portal-covering)
(comment doorway-covering "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of doorway-covering is a physical object used to cover some kind of portal, including but not limited to doorways in buildings.  This collection also includes doors of cars, buses, subways, elevators, garages, airplane hangars--coverings over any doors that people (and perhaps vehicles) pass through.")

;;; down--directly
(isa down--directly terrestrial-direction)
(isa down--directly unit-vector--precise)
(genl-attributes down--directly down--generally)
(comment down--directly "The direction straight down.  In the terrestrial context, down--directly points in the same direction as Earth's gravitational force vector.")

;;; down--generally
(isa down--generally terrestrial-direction)
(comment down--generally "The element of vector-interval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of down--directly.")

;;; dress
(isa dress product-type)
(isa dress existing-object-type)
(genls dress clothing-item)
(genls dress womens-clothing)
(comment dress "The collection of all dresses, a kind of women's clothing")

;;; drink
(isa drink product-type)
(isa drink existing-stuff-type)
(genls drink food-and-drink)
(comment drink "The collection of drinkable substances; a collection of edible stuff and a subset of food-and-drink.  Each element of the collection drink is a liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by humans or animals.  Drinks are ingested without chewing.  Examples of drink include all elements of the collections water--ingestible, tea--hot, hot-chocolate, lemonade, beer. .  By default they are liquids.  Borderline examples include a thick milkshake or soup, even if there are solid objects suspended in it.  Thus liquid-tangible-thing is not necessarily (monotonically) a genls of drink, though it is true by default that a drink be an instance of liquid-tangible-thing.  I.e., by default, elements of drink are in a liquid-state-of-matter.  Another borderline example of a drink is a glassful of poison or urine; it may be unpalatable or unsafe to drink a drink.  Note that the drink includes the portion of liquid, but not the container such as the glass or coffee cup or bowl.   So one borderline non-example is a glass of water -- as opposed to a glassful of water; the former includes the glass, the latter doesn't.   Other borderline non-examples include: an ice cube, a grape sno-cone, a scoop of ice cream with hot fudge sauce on it, and a tiny bit of liquid such as a single raindrop even if it enters one's mouth.")

;;; drinking-event
(isa drinking-event temporal-stuff-type)
(isa drinking-event script-type)
(genls drinking-event translation--complete)
(genls drinking-event consuming-food-or-drink)
(comment drinking-event "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, a single individual consumes a portion of some drink.  A drinking-event typically consists of several instances of drinking-a-sip.  See eating-event.")

;;; drug-prescription
(isa drug-prescription existing-object-type)
(genls drug-prescription textual-material)
(comment drug-prescription "The legal document in which a doctor authorizes a patient to purchase a certain amount of a drug and take it according to some specified schedule.")

;;; drug-product
(isa drug-product existing-stuff-type)
(isa drug-product pharmacy-product-type)
(genls drug-product artifact)
(genls drug-product drug-substance)
(genls drug-product consumable-product)
(comment drug-product "Any kind of drug, including the stuff you take when you are sick.  Note, however, that this is a product (intentionally created or used) not merely the chemical description.  This means that salt-water would not be an element of drug-product, even though saline solution would be.")

;;; drug-substance
(isa drug-substance existing-stuff-type)
(genls drug-substance tangible-thing)
(comment drug-substance "The class of substances that can be introduced into organism's bodies to produce certain physiological effects.  Includes both stuffs and objects made and/or marketed as drug-products, as well as naturally-occurring stuffs and objects that have physiological effects.")

;;; drug-therapy
(isa drug-therapy script-type)
(genls drug-therapy medical-treatment-event)
(comment drug-therapy "A collection of medical care events in which drugs accomplish a medical purpose.  An instance of drug-therapy is the result of an instance of administering-a-drug (q.v.).  An instance of drug-therapy is the event of the patient's body undergoing the physiological effects of the drug it was given.  
Note: drug-therapy events do not include the administration of the drug; rather, they are the results of such administrations.  Cf. administering-a-drug.")

;;; drug-therapy-use-fn
(isa drug-therapy-use-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa drug-therapy-use-fn temporal-stuff-type)
(result-isa drug-therapy-use-fn script-type)
(result-genl drug-therapy-use-fn drug-therapy)
(arg1-isa drug-therapy-use-fn existing-stuff-type)
(arg1-genl drug-therapy-use-fn partially-tangible)
(comment drug-therapy-use-fn "The collection of events in which instances of ARG1 are used to achieve a medical purpose.  These events do not include the administration of the drug - they are the scripts which result from that administration.")

;;; drying-something
(isa drying-something temporal-stuff-type)
(isa drying-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls drying-something intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls drying-something physical-event)
(comment drying-something "A collection of events.  Each drying-something event involves reducing the moistness of something -- either its water content or its surface wetness -- by evaporation or by absorbing the moisture (e.g., with towels) or by some other process.  Typical objects of a drying-something event include instances of: paint, food, dishes, clothes, humans.  When you run your clothes dryer at home, that event is an element of this collection.")

;;; ductility
(isa ductility material-strength-type)
(genls ductility physical-attribute)
(genls ductility scalar-interval)
(comment ductility "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of ductility describes a specific capacity of a physical material to be stretched, drawn, or hammered thin without breaking.  Different degrees of ductility may be represented using a generic-value-function.  Ductilities of objects are indicated with the predicate ductility-of-object.")

;;; dusk
(isa dusk temporal-object-type)
(isa dusk script-type)
(genls dusk qualitative-time-of-day)
(genls dusk twilight)
(comment dusk "Each dusk is a dimly-lit period of time which is contiguous-after a sunset, and is the event which starts a night.")

;;; dying
(isa dying temporal-object-type)
(isa dying default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls dying destruction-event)
(genls dying biological-event)
(genls dying single-doer-action)
(comment dying "A collection of events.  Each element of dying is an event in which a living organism (i.e., an instance of organism--whole) ceases to live and thus ceases to exist.  The physical portion of the organism may remain, but that is not considered an instance of organism--whole (cf. dead-animal).  Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event by bodily-doer (q.v.)--in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is the object-acted-on in a killing--biological event (which will have some dying event among its sub-events), and cf. bodily-acted-on.")

;;; e-l-relation
(isa e-l-relation collection)
(comment e-l-relation "A subset of relationship such that instances are only permitted at
the EL; that is, the canonicalizer will transform expressions that
reference instances of e-l-relation into equivalent expressions that do not
reference instances of e-l-relation; this transformation is guided by the
value (arg2) of expansion for each e-l-relation")

;;; ear
(isa ear symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls ear animal-body-part)
(genls ear vibration-through-a-medium-sensor)
(comment ear "The organ of hearing, which occur in pairs on most animals")

;;; earth-stuff
(isa earth-stuff tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls earth-stuff natural-tangible-stuff)
(comment earth-stuff "A collection of tangible things.  Each element in earth-stuff is a portion of the stuff that the ground of Earth (at or near its land surface) is made of, including rocks, boulders, sand grains, soil, mud, etc., and mixtures of those things (such as islands or whole continents).  Examples: australia, cape-cod, zion-hill, great-smoky-mountains.")

;;; east--directly
(isa east--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa east--directly geographical-direction)
(genl-attributes east--directly east--generally)
(comment east--directly "Due East, an element of terrestrial-direction.")

;;; east--generally
(isa east--generally geographical-direction)
(comment east--generally "The general direction of East.  The element of vector-interval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of east--directly.")

;;; eating-event
(isa eating-event temporal-stuff-type)
(isa eating-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls eating-event destruction-event)
(genls eating-event single-doer-action)
(genls eating-event consuming-food-or-drink)
(comment eating-event "A collection of events.  Each element of eating-event is an event which involves the consumption of a substantial portion of food by a single individual (human or other animal).   An instance of eating-event is a meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of individual eating-a-morsel events.
Note:  If a group of people gets together and eats lunch, that activity is represented by an instance of having-a-meal; during that `super-event' each participant engages in his/her own instance of eating-event, and all of those are sub-events of the having-a-meal event.")

;;; echolocation-perception
(isa echolocation-perception temporal-stuff-type)
(genls echolocation-perception perceiving)
(comment echolocation-perception "echolocation-perception is the collection of spatial perceivings in which a perceptual-agent (such as a bat or a submarine) generates sounds (potentially ultra- or sub- sonic in frequency), hears the sounds reflected from surfaces, and thereby acquires information about the position of other objects in its environment.")

;;; ecological-region
(isa ecological-region existing-object-type)
(genls ecological-region geographical-region)
(comment ecological-region "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of ecological-region is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems.  From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there.  Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there.  In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology.  Examples: the western-desert-of-egypt, the great-barrier-reef, the amazon--region.")

;;; edge-on-object
(isa edge-on-object region-type)
(genls edge-on-object path--simple)
(genls edge-on-object partially-tangible)
(comment edge-on-object "The collection of all edges on objects.  For a two-dimensional object, its boundaries other than corners are it edges.  For a three dimensional object the edges are the outer portions of those extremities, excluding any corners (corner-2or3d), that are much more acute in cross section in one direction than in most other directions at the same point.  Some objects, like spheres, hairs, poles and typical burrs, have no edges.  A discus has one, round, edge; a typical sheet has four edges.  A mountain ridge might have only a single edge.  A solid polyhedron has six or more edges.")

;;; edible-part-fn
(isa edible-part-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa edible-part-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl edible-part-fn edible-stuff)
(arg1-isa edible-part-fn existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl edible-part-fn partially-tangible)
(comment edible-part-fn "The Cyc function edible-part-fn is a collection-denoting-function.  When applied to a set of tangible objects OBJ-TYPE, (edible-part-fn OBJ-TYPE) represents the collection of all the edible parts of objects of OBJ-TYPE.  This collection includes any edible-stuff (i.e., edible by humans or koalas or whatever the current microtheory is talking about) that is part of instances of OBJ-TYPE.  To represent only parts that humans eat, we may restrict the result-genl to a specialized subset of food-and-drink defined in human-activities-mt or other appropriate microtheory.  Examples: the collection (edible-part-fn apple--the-fruit) includes the skin and flesh of all apples, but not --- in the human-activities-mt --- the instances of stem or seed found in them; the collection (edible-part-fn egg--chickens) includes the yolks and whites of chicken eggs, but does not  --- in the human-activities-mt ---  include any instances of eggshell.  Because of cultural or philosophical preferences and prohibitions about food, exactly what parts are edible may differ in different human cultural microtheories; e.g., in a FundamentalistJewish or FundamentalistIslamic cultural microtheory, the function call (edible-part-fn pig) would return NIL; in a vegan microtheory, even (edible-part-fn animal) would return NIL.")

;;; edible-stuff
(isa edible-stuff existing-stuff-type)
(genls edible-stuff tangible-thing)
(genls edible-stuff consumable-product)
(comment edible-stuff "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each instance of edible-stuff is, by default, an item that is ingestible and palatable by most macroscopic animals.  edible-stuff includes food and drink, but also other things, such as nutrients, drugs, etc.  edible-stuff presupposes digestion processes resembling those of most terrestrial macroscopic animals.  For inferencing about the diets of people (or koalas or oil-eating microbes), the collection edible-stuff may have additions and deletions.  See also edible-part-fn, food-and-drink.")

;;; edibles-rich-in-fn
(isa edibles-rich-in-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa edibles-rich-in-fn existing-stuff-type)
(result-genl edibles-rich-in-fn edible-stuff)
(arg1-isa edibles-rich-in-fn existing-stuff-type)
(arg1-genl edibles-rich-in-fn nutrient)
(comment edibles-rich-in-fn "The Cyc function edibles-rich-in-fn is a collection-denoting-function.  It is used to represent foodstuffs which have a high concentration of a certain nutrient.  (edibles-rich-in-fn NUTRIENT) denotes the collection of edible things that are rich in the type of nutrient NUTRIENT.  For example, (edibles-rich-in-fn edible-calcium) denotes the collection of all edible-stuff rich in calcium; that collection will have the collection dairy-product as a subset.")

;;; education-level-attribute
(isa education-level-attribute social-attribute-type)
(genls education-level-attribute scalar-interval)
(genls education-level-attribute social-status-attribute)
(comment education-level-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each education-level-attribute, when applied to a person, indicates their level of education or current involvement in a course of study; if applied to a course of study, it indicates the level of it.  The very same attributes apply in both cases, though; some sample elements of this collection are:  ph-d-level, twelfth-grade-level, bachelor-of-arts-level, medical-degree-level, etc.")

;;; educational-degree
(isa educational-degree object-type)
(genls educational-degree credential)
(comment educational-degree "A collection of abstract (intangible) objects which consist of information about an agent.  Each element of educational-degree is a credential conferred, by some instance of educational-organization, on a student who has successfully completed a prescribed course of study there.  educational-degree includes high school, associate, baccalaureate, licensate, magisterial, professional, and doctoral degrees, etc.")

;;; educational-organization
(isa educational-organization existing-object-type)
(genls educational-organization organization)
(comment educational-organization "A collection of educational organizations.  An element of educational-organization may be a school, system of schools, college, seminary, etc., -- a place where teaching and/or training are programmed and provided as a service for students.  An educational organization may be public or private.  This collection includes austin-i-s-d (i.e., the city-of-austin-t-x Independent School District), stanford-university, bryn-mawr-college, university-of-pennsylvania-school-of-medicine, and many other institutions.")

;;; elasticity
(isa elasticity material-strength-type)
(genls elasticity physical-attribute)
(genls elasticity scalar-interval)
(comment elasticity "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of elasticity represents a specific ability of a physical material to quickly and completely return to its original shape after deformation that does not induce breakage, without permanent change to its original dimensions.  For example, billiard balls have a high degree of elasticity in this sense.  Elasticities of objects are indicated with the predicate elasticity-of-object.")

;;; electrical-charge
(isa electrical-charge polar-attribute-type)
(isa electrical-charge fundamental-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls electrical-charge physical-attribute)
(genls electrical-charge scalar-interval)
(comment electrical-charge "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of electrical-charge is an amount of net electrical charge (positive or negative) possessed by a particular instance of partially-tangible.  Elements of electrical-charge may be either a fixed interval, such as the charge on one electron, or a range, such as a usable charge on a flashlight battery; see scalar-interval.  Also see unit-of-charge for the units used by Cyc to measure electrical charges.")

;;; electrical-component
(isa electrical-component product-type)
(isa electrical-component existing-object-type)
(genls electrical-component electrical-device)
(comment electrical-component "A collection of electrical devices.  An instance of electrical-device is an electrical device which is normally considered to be a part of some larger, more clearly distinguished device (e.g., clearly distinguished in the sense that it is sold, moved, etc. as a unit).  The electrical-component must be connected with other parts in order to perform its primary-function.")

;;; electrical-conductor
(isa electrical-conductor existing-object-type)
(genls electrical-conductor physical-conducting-media)
(comment electrical-conductor "A collection of tangible things; a subset of physical-conducting-media.  Each element of electrical-conductor is a physical thing that can conduct electricity; e.g., a power cord, an electrical plug, a piece of metal.")

;;; electrical-device
(isa electrical-device existing-object-type)
(genls electrical-device solid-tangible-thing)
(genls electrical-device partially-tangible-product)
(genls electrical-device powered-device)
(genls electrical-device physical-device)
(comment electrical-device "A collection of physical devices; the most general collection of electrical devices.  Such devices require an input of electrical current (as energy-source) in order to perform their intended functions.  Instances of electrical-device include both complex devices (e.g., elements of the collections stereo-system or computer) and simpler ones (e.g., elements of electrical-components and electronic-components).
Note:  in some contexts, crystal radios might be classified as inert (unpowered) electrical devices; the same for some sorts of passive radar detectors.  These are exceptional cases, but still elements of this collection.  In other contexts, the power for these devices can be viewed as being supplied from the outside, hence they are clearly `powered' in such contexts.")

;;; electrical-resistance
(isa electrical-resistance derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls electrical-resistance scalar-interval)
(genls electrical-resistance physical-attribute)
(comment electrical-resistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of electrical-resistance is an attribute which measures the resistance to electrical flow through an object.  Examples: insulator-resistance, conductor-resistance, semiconductor-resistance, superconductor-resistance.")

;;; electro-magnetic-radiation-sensor
(isa electro-magnetic-radiation-sensor existing-object-type)
(genls electro-magnetic-radiation-sensor sensor)
(comment electro-magnetic-radiation-sensor "A subset of sensor, namely those sensors that detect electromagnetic-radiation.")

;;; electromagnetic-radiation
(isa electromagnetic-radiation wave-propagation-type)
(isa electromagnetic-radiation default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls electromagnetic-radiation wave-propagation)
(comment electromagnetic-radiation "A collection of events; a subset of wave-propagation.  Each element of electromagnetic-radiation is an event that arises from the interaction of an electrical field and a magnetic field.  Examples include the elements of the collections visible-light, radio-waves, and x-rays.")

;;; electron
(isa electron existing-object-type)
(genls electron sub-atomic-particle)
(comment electron "A collection of objects; a subset of sub-atomic-particle.  Every instance of electron is a subatomic particle with an electrical-charge of -1.")

;;; electronic-device
(isa electronic-device product-type)
(isa electronic-device existing-object-type)
(genls electronic-device tangible-product)
(genls electronic-device electrical-device)
(comment electronic-device "A collection of devices which use electronic circuitry.  More specifically, any instance of electronic-device uses electricity to convey information and not just for power.  Usually transistors, diodes, or other semiconductor circuitry are involved.")

;;; element-stuff
(isa element-stuff tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls element-stuff inanimate-thing)
(genls element-stuff tangible-thing)
(comment element-stuff "A collection of tangible substances; a subset of tangible-thing.  Every instance of element-stuff is a piece of tangible stuff, composed of a quantity of atoms, all of which are of the same chemical element.  That is, every atom in an individual piece of element-stuff has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus as does every other atom in that piece.  For example, all pieces of carbon are instances of element-stuff.   All pieces of two of carbon's subsets, diamond and graphite, also are instances of element-stuff.  On the other hand, instances of water, because they are constituted of both (some) hydrogen and (some) oxygen atoms, do not belong to the collection element-stuff.")

;;; element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons
(isa element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons collection)
(isa element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons disjoint-set-or-collection)
(genls element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons chemical-compound-type)
(comment element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons "A collection of collections.  element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons partitions the collection element-stuff.  Each instance of element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons is a subset of element-stuff which is defined ONLY by the atomic composition of its instances -- neither the isotopic composition or physical state of the substances, nor any other additional feature, determines membership in a collection which isa element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons.  All that matters is that the instances of that type (i.e., collection) of stuff are entirely composed of atoms having a particular number of protons in each atomic nucleus.  Thus, the collection carbon is an instance of element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons, but neither the collection diamond nor the collection graphite is (even though they are subsets of carbon), because their members have additional qualifications.")

;;; embarrassment
(isa embarrassment feeling-attribute-type)
(genls embarrassment feeling-attribute)
(comment embarrassment "Mental disturbance and confusion at self-exposure.  embarrassment is often an impediment to freedom of thought, speech, or action.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  A more specialized feeling-attribute-type than embarrassment is shame.")

;;; embryo
(isa embryo existing-object-type)
(genls embryo biological-living-object)
(genls embryo biological-stage-of-development)
(comment embryo "The collection of not yet fully-formed organisms, including mammals before birth, birds before hatching, and plants before sprouting from their seeds.  Note that the criteria of the collection embryo do not correspond exactly with the meaning of the English word 'embryo', since embryo includes zygotes, the set of cells derived from the embryo after the fetus is formed (amniotic-sac + fetus + placenta--fetal-portion), etc.")

;;; embryo-fn
(isa embryo-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa embryo-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl embryo-fn embryo)
(arg1-isa embryo-fn organism-classification-type)
(arg1-genl embryo-fn animal)
(comment embryo-fn "embryo-fn is an element of collection-denoting-function.  (embryo-fn LIFETYPE) returns the collection of organisms which are embryonic instances of LIFETYPE.  Note that this use of the word `embryo' does not correspond exactly with the English word, because the collection returned by embryo-fn includes zygotes, fetuses, etc.")

;;; emirate--geopolitical
(isa emirate--geopolitical spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls emirate--geopolitical geopolitical-entity)
(comment emirate--geopolitical "The collection of all Emirates, that is, those geopolitical entities, or territories, each of which is ordinarily ruled by an amir--head-of-state or an Emir (Amir) who is not necessariy a head-of-state of an independent-country, but rules a subsidiary region.  See especially the united-arab-emirates.")

;;; emission
(isa emission temporal-object-type)
(genls emission transfer-out)
(comment emission "A collection of processes; a subset of generalized-transfer.  Each element of emission is an event in which something `comes out' of an object that actively contributes to that thing's emission (e.g., it is a provider-of-motive-force).  The source is indicated with the predicate emitter. An entire translocation is associated with an emission, and these are related through the predicate transfer-out-sub-event.  If the thing which `comes out' is an instance of partially-tangible, then the event belongs to a more specific collection, emitting-an-object (q.v.). If the associated element of translocation is an instance of wave-propagation, then the emission belongs to the more specialized collection, emitting-a-wave (q.v.).")

;;; emitting-a-wave
(isa emitting-a-wave temporal-stuff-type)
(genls emitting-a-wave emission)
(comment emitting-a-wave "A collection of events; a subset of emission.  Each element is an event in which a wave is emitted at a from-location.  For example, Themistocles ordering his fleet to withdraw; Miles Davis playing the trumpet; an emergency flare burning by the side of the road.  See also wave-propagation.")

;;; emitting-an-object
(isa emitting-an-object temporal-object-type)
(isa emitting-an-object default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls emitting-an-object emission)
(genls emitting-an-object translation--location-change)
(comment emitting-an-object "A collection of events; and a subset of emission.  An instance of emitting-an-object is an emission event in which there is some partially-tangible which is the object-emitted, i.e., the thing which `comes out' of the emitter of the event.  The object-emitted goes from (from-location) a place inside of the emitter to (to-location) some place that is not within the emitter.  The emitter plays an active role (done-by and provider-of-motive-force) in the emission.  Examples: the birth of a baby, a bullet shot from a gun, a venonous snake depositing poison.  Negative examples:  a person leaving a building (the building is not active), throwing a ball (the ball was not inside the person before the throwing).")

;;; emitting-sound
(isa emitting-sound temporal-stuff-type)
(isa emitting-sound default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls emitting-sound physical-event)
(genls emitting-sound emitting-a-wave)
(comment emitting-sound "A collection of events; a subset of emitting-a-wave.  Each element of emitting-sound is an event in which an instance of sound is emitted from some wave-source.  Examples: an explosion generating a sound wave; a plucked violin string resonating; a baby crying; a person saying `Hello'.")

;;; employee
(isa employee occupation-type)
(genls employee professional)
(comment employee "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of employee works directly for some business.  Disjoint with self-employed-worker.")

;;; employee-hiring
(isa employee-hiring temporal-object-type)
(isa employee-hiring default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls employee-hiring organizational-transfer-in)
(genls employee-hiring making-an-agreement)
(comment employee-hiring "A collection of events; a subset of making-an-agreement.  Each element of employee-hiring is an event in which some agent--either an organization or individual--hires a person to work as its employee. See also employees, work-agreement.")

;;; employment-termination
(isa employment-termination temporal-object-type)
(isa employment-termination default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls employment-termination organizational-transfer-out)
(genls employment-termination ending-an-agreement)
(comment employment-termination "A collection of events; a subset of ending-an-agreement.  Each element of employment-termination is an event in which some employee ceases to work for his or her employer.  The termination may be initiated by either party, or it may have been specified in the original work-agreement (q.v.).  Different kinds of employment-termination are specified by the subsets resigning, employee-layoff, retirement-event, etc.")

;;; encrypting
(isa encrypting temporal-object-type)
(genls encrypting i-b-t-recoding)
(comment encrypting "The collection of actions in which some transformation is applied to an IBT (information-bearing-thing) which renders it unaccessible to all but the intended audience, since the method required to decrypt the IBT is secret.")

;;; end-fn
(isa end-fn reifiable-function)
(isa end-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa end-fn time-point)
(arg1-isa end-fn temporal-thing)
(comment end-fn "end-fn is a function that takes a temporal-thing and returns the time-point it ends.  Thus: (ending-point ?X (end-fn ?X))")

;;; ending-an-agreement
(isa ending-an-agreement temporal-object-type)
(isa ending-an-agreement default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls ending-an-agreement purposeful-action)
(genls ending-an-agreement human-activity)
(genls ending-an-agreement social-occurrence)
(comment ending-an-agreement "A collection of events.  Each element of the collection ending-an-agreement is an event in which some instance of agreement comes to an end.  For example, instances of employment-termination and ending-membership.")

;;; energy-conversion-process
(isa energy-conversion-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa energy-conversion-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls energy-conversion-process physical-event)
(genls energy-conversion-process transformation-event)
(comment energy-conversion-process "A collection of events.  In each instance of energy-conversion-process, energy is converted from one form to another.")

;;; engine
(isa engine existing-object-type)
(genls engine powered-device)
(genls engine mechanical-device)
(comment engine "A collection of powered-devices.  An instance of engine is a device that changes some form of energy into motion (usually rotation).  An engine may operate by burning some type of fuel (as do jet engines and internal combustion engines), or it may be powered by electricity, fluid flow, etc.")

;;; engineer
(isa engineer occupation-type)
(genls engineer professional)
(comment engineer "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of engineer is a professional who works in some branch of engineering.  Elements of engineer include the members of the subsets electrical-engineer, chemical-engineer, civil-engineer, mechanical-engineer, etc.")

;;; english-word
(isa english-word linguistic-object-type)
(genls english-word lexical-word)
(comment english-word "The collection of all lexical words in English; a subset of lexical-word.  Different inflectional forms of a word do not count as different words; for example, eat--the-word encompasses the strings 'eat', 'eating', 'ate', etc.")

;;; enjoyment
(isa enjoyment feeling-attribute-type)
(genls enjoyment feeling-attribute)
(comment enjoyment "The agreeable emotion of taking pleasure or satisfaction in an experience.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types are delight, celebratory--emotion, etc.")

;;; enlisted-person
(isa enlisted-person occupation-type)
(genls enlisted-person military-person)
(comment enlisted-person "A collection of people, a subset 
of military-person. Each element of this collection is
somebody who is an enlisted person in some 
military-organization, such as a private.")

;;; entertainment-event
(isa entertainment-event temporal-object-type)
(isa entertainment-event script-type)
(genls entertainment-event service-event)
(genls entertainment-event human-activity)
(comment entertainment-event "The collection of activites performed primarily to amuse or entertain persons.
Note: This is more general than entertainment-performance because it may not entail a performance per se.  E.g., one of its subsets is sight-seeing, but most sightseeing events are not entertainment-performances.
Note:  This is different from the collection recreational-activity in the following way: entertainment events are necessarily done for the enjoyment or recreation of someone else; in other words, there is an audience.  Also, the performers of a recreational-activity are generally doing it `for fun', and (expect to) enjoy it, whereas some or all of the performers of an entertainment-event may be doing it as a working-event --- i.e, `for a living' and may (expect to) not enjoy it. ")

;;; entertainment-or-arts-professional
(isa entertainment-or-arts-professional occupation-type)
(genls entertainment-or-arts-professional professional)
(comment entertainment-or-arts-professional "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of entertainment-or-arts-professional is a person who uses some sort of creative or artistic abilities in the main function of his or her job.  entertainment-or-arts-professional includes both performing artists and producers of tangible artworks, either creative or commercial.  This collection does NOT include people working on the business side of those professions, such as producers or art dealers, whose job-attributes are more similar to those of other business professionals (e.g., managers, marketers, sales representatives) than to the artists'; cf. entertainment-or-arts-administrator.")

;;; entertainment-performance
(isa entertainment-performance default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls entertainment-performance entertainment-event)
(genls entertainment-performance social-gathering)
(genls entertainment-performance accessing-an-i-b-t)
(comment entertainment-performance "The collection of public and private entertainment performances, like plays, street performances, ballets, movies.  Each entertainment-performance  is a presentation or exhibition, to a human audience, with artistic or entertainment value.  
Note:  Movies are included even though the Performers aren't performing in the same point in space-time.  But we draw the line at still photographs; i.e., those are not considered entertainment-performances.")

;;; entity
(isa entity temporal-object-type)
(genls entity something-existing)
(comment entity "?X is an entity if it is a `maximal' something-existing.  What we mean by that is that there cannot be another something-existing of which ?X is merely a subabstraction (see sub-abstrac).  So AlbertEinstein is an entity, but AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton is not.  In other words, an entity represents the entire existence of a thing, not just one or more `temporal chunks' or time-slices of a thing.")

;;; ethnic-group-type
(isa ethnic-group-type collection)
(genls ethnic-group-type conventional-classification-type)
(genls ethnic-group-type human-culture-type)
(comment ethnic-group-type "A collection of collections.  An ethnic-group-type is a set of people whose group-organization, practices or characteristics are based on ethnic origins.  E.g., some ethnic-group-types are: ethnic-group-of-vietnamese, ethnic-group-of-indians-of-the-u-s, etc.")

;;; eukaryotic-cell
(isa eukaryotic-cell existing-object-type)
(genls eukaryotic-cell cell)
(comment eukaryotic-cell "The collection of eukaryotic cells, cells which serve as the basic structural unit of eukaryotic organisms.  These cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.  Multicellular Organisms generally have eukaryotic-cells; eukaryotic-cell DNA has introns.  Certain eukaryotic-cells, like the red blood corpuscles of persons with heathy spleens, lack nuclei.")

;;; evaluatable-function
(isa evaluatable-function collection)
(genls evaluatable-function function-the-mathematical-type)
(comment evaluatable-function "A collection of Cyc functions.  Each element of evaluatable-function is a Cyc function which is associated (via lisp-defun) with a piece of Heuristic Level (SubL) code that computes the result of applying the function to legal arguments.  See plus-fn for a good example.  An evaluatable function is evaluated only if none of its arguments is unbound.")

;;; evaporating
(isa evaporating temporal-object-type)
(isa evaporating default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls evaporating physical-state-change-event)
(comment evaporating "The collection of events in which a piece of stuff is transformed from a liquid-state-of-matter to a gaseous-state-of-matter by evaporation as opposed to boiling.")

;;; evening
(isa evening temporal-object-type)
(genls evening qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment evening "Each evening is started by a dusk and is temporally-coterminal with the calendar-day it's a part of.  Each evening is contiguous-after an afternoon, and each overnight is contiguous-after an evening.")

;;; event
(isa event script-type)
(isa event temporal-object-type)
(genls event intangible-individual)
(genls event temporal-thing)
(genls event situation)
(comment event "This is one important subset of 
temporal-thing.  The elements of event are events or actions,
things that we say are `happening', changes in the state of the 
world.  event is also a subset of intangible, since an 
event consists of the `actions' per se, and THEY then refer 
to the tangible objects which participate in them.  
In contrast, the collection something-existing (another 
important subset of temporal-thing) has elements which have 
temporal extent yet are `static', such as a rock at the bottom 
of a pond.  



Note: While `something-existing vs. event' might seem at 
first to be an 
obvious partition of things with temporal extent, there are 
interesting borderline cases -- 
such as agreements -- which Cyc treats as instances of 
something-existing, but which could also be represented as 
instances of event.  And there are still other cases,
 such as the pure disembodied elements of time-interval, 
which are elements of temporal-thing yet belong neither to 
something-existing nor to event.")

;;; evergreen-plant
(isa evergreen-plant existing-object-type)
(genls evergreen-plant plant--woody)
(comment evergreen-plant "A collection of plants.  Each element of evergreen-plant is a plant that retains leaves or needles throughout all the seasons of the year.  Cf. deciduous-plant.")

;;; exchange-of-user-rights
(isa exchange-of-user-rights default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa exchange-of-user-rights temporal-object-type)
(genls exchange-of-user-rights change-in-user-rights)
(genls exchange-of-user-rights social-occurrence)
(genls exchange-of-user-rights human-activity)
(comment exchange-of-user-rights "A collection of events.  In an instance of exchange-of-user-rights, two agents (the exchangers) perform two distinct (though related) transferring-possessions with each other.  Two objects are exchanged.  Each agent gains possession -- in the form of some user-rights-attribute -- of something (an object-of-possession-transfer) from the other.  Each transfer is related to the other as some kind of condition, a precondition or an intended result; e.g., the news seller will hand over a paper if given fifty cents, and I give the news seller my fifty cents so that he will turn over a newspaper to me.  The two transferring-possession events are sub-events of the exchange-of-user-rights event.")

;;; excitement
(isa excitement feeling-attribute-type)
(genls excitement feeling-attribute)
(comment excitement "A feeling of arousal that stirs up, moves profoundly, or serves as a challenge to one's power, eliciting the desire to do or perceive something.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than excitement include enthusiasm, celebratory--emotion, triumph--the-feeling, etc.")

;;; exclusive-user-rights
(isa exclusive-user-rights user-rights-attribute)
(comment exclusive-user-rights "An attribute of an object with respect to an agent, meaning that the agent who holds this kind of user-rights-attribute to an object has the sole right to use that object.  There can be only one such agent at a given time; that agent may be an organization or an individual person.  When you rent a car, you expect exclusive-user-rights of it for the duration of your rental, even though you don't own the car.")

;;; executive
(isa executive occupation-type)
(genls executive professional)
(genls executive leader)
(comment executive "A collection of people.  An instance of executive is a person who holds an executive managerial positions in some organization.  Among the members of executive are top managers of organizations, including corporate officers (company-president, etc.), Chiefs of Staff, Generals, Admirals and others like Chief Corporate Counsel, Managing Partner, Producer, Chief Scientist, Chief Engineer, as well as other upper and upper-middle managers.")

;;; exercising
(isa exercising temporal-stuff-type)
(isa exercising script-type)
(genls exercising voluntary-body-movement)
(genls exercising action-on-object)
(genls exercising purposeful-action)
(genls exercising human-activity)
(comment exercising "The collection of events in which humans move their bodies and limbs for the purpose of general physical conditioning and/or strengthening muscles.")

;;; exhaling
(isa exhaling temporal-stuff-type)
(isa exhaling default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls exhaling translation--single-path)
(genls exhaling emitting-an-object)
(comment exhaling "Expelling air from the lungs")

;;; existing-object-type
(isa existing-object-type collection)
(genls existing-object-type temporal-stuff-type)
(genls existing-object-type object-type)
(comment existing-object-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of each element of existing-object-type is temporally stufflike yet is objectlike in other ways, e.g., spatially.  Any one of many time-slices of a copy of `Moby Dick' sitting on your shelf is still a copy of `Moby Dick' sitting on your shelf.  Most tangible objects are temporally stufflike in this fashion.   That book is, of course, not spatially stufflike; spatially, it is objectlike:  if we take a scalpel and slice the book into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of `Moby Dick'.   So (isa book existing-object-type) is true, because each book is temporally stufflike but spatially objectlike. See the comment for stuff-type to find out more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: stuff-type, object-type, existing-stuff-type, and existing-object-type.")

;;; existing-stuff-type
(isa existing-stuff-type collection)
(genls existing-stuff-type temporal-stuff-type)
(genls existing-stuff-type stuff-type)
(comment existing-stuff-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of existing-stuff-type is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are temporally and spatially stufflike; they may also be stufflike in other ways, e.g., in some physical property.  Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object.  For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96.  It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood.  The fact that every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike is represented in Cyc by the assertion (isa wood existing-stuff-type).  Other examples of existing-stuff-type: apple-juice, ice-cream, diamond, waxed-paper, striated-muscle. See the comment for stuff-type to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: stuff-type, object-type, existing-stuff-type, and existing-object-type.")

;;; exp-fn
(isa exp-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa exp-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa exp-fn scalar-interval)
(comment exp-fn "exp-fn is the exponential operator, i.e., the unary mathematical function that returns e^x for the x value taken as its argument.  (exp-fn 1) returns e.  Its inverse (i.e., inverse-func) is log-fn.")

;;; experiencing-hunger
(isa experiencing-hunger temporal-stuff-type)
(isa experiencing-hunger default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls experiencing-hunger bodily-function-event--involuntary)
(comment experiencing-hunger "Being hungry")

;;; explosion
(isa explosion temporal-object-type)
(isa explosion script-type)
(genls explosion decomposition-process)
(genls explosion energy-conversion-process)
(comment explosion "A collection of events.  Each instance of explosion is an event that involve an extremely violent, chaotic release of energy.  It is not exactly controlled, even in the best circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car engine, or such as when a hole is blasted for a backyard swimming pool.)")

;;; extensional-representation-predicate
(isa extensional-representation-predicate predicate-category)
(genls extensional-representation-predicate predicate)
(comment extensional-representation-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of extensional-representation-predicate is a predicate used to form assertions about the properties of individual objects. These predicates implement the extensional structure of the Cyc ontology; e.g., attorneys, object-taken-care-of, actor-parts-affected, vested-interest.")

;;; exterior-region-fn
(isa exterior-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa exterior-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa exterior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa exterior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment exterior-region-fn "The function (ExteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of all the outer parts or sections of REGOROBJ, or the exterior main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic inside/outside orientation (unlike, say, a loop of thread), but if REGOROBJ is an enveloping part, surface membrane, ring or layer within or on a larger region or object that has its own inside/outside orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's outside portion with respect to the inside and outside of the larger region or object.")

;;; external-surface--whole-thing
(isa external-surface--whole-thing region-type)
(genls external-surface--whole-thing surface-on-tangible-object)
(comment external-surface--whole-thing "The collection of all entire outer physical surfaces of tangible objects.  Excludes mere patches or portions of the whole surface of an object.")

;;; eye
(isa eye symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls eye electro-magnetic-radiation-sensor)
(genls eye organ)
(comment eye "The collection of all eyes of animals. Eyes are the organs of visual-perception.")

;;; f-p-s-unit-of-measure
(isa f-p-s-unit-of-measure relation-type)
(genls f-p-s-unit-of-measure unit-of-measure)
(comment f-p-s-unit-of-measure "A subset of unit-of-measure.  f-p-s-unit-of-measure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the FPS (i.e., foot-pound-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities.  Examples: gallon--u-s, square-mile, cubic-ft-per-sec.")

;;; face-of-animal
(isa face-of-animal unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa face-of-animal animal-body-part-type)
(genls face-of-animal biological-living-object)
(genls face-of-animal animal-body-part)
(comment face-of-animal "The collection of all faces of animals.  A face-of-animal generally consists of the region where the eyes of the animal are located.  In most terrestrial animals, this is the front region of the animal's head, and also turns out to be where the nose, mouth, etc., are located.")

;;; fall-season
(isa fall-season temporal-object-type)
(genls fall-season season-of-year)
(comment fall-season "The collection of Fall seasons.  In the temperate-climate-cycle, Fall is usually the time of harvesting and beginnings of shutting down of growth.  Also the time of harvest celebrations.  fall-season represents the climatic aspects of Fall; for its purely temporal aspects, see calendar-autumn.")

;;; false
(isa false truth-value)
(isa false individual)
(comment false "An element of truth-value.  false is logical falsehood in Cyc; this is the abstract logical notion--not to be confused with Lisp's NIL, nor with the English word `false'.")

;;; family--social-entity
(isa family--social-entity object-type)
(genls family--social-entity partially-tangible)
(genls family--social-entity group)
(genls family--social-entity social-being)
(comment family--social-entity "A collection of organizations.  Each element of family--social-entity is a group of people or of animals related by birth and mating.  The kinship relation is closer than simply being members of the same species.  Such a family may function together as an organization.  See also the specialization family--human.")

;;; family-relation-slot
(isa family-relation-slot predicate-category)
(genls family-relation-slot inter-existing-object-slot)
(comment family-relation-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of family-relation-slot is a binary predicate used to represent relationships among members of human families.  Examples: spouse, siblings, grandmothers, grandfathers, relatives, cohabiting-family-members.")

;;; famine
(isa famine script-type)
(isa famine temporal-object-type)
(genls famine disaster-event)
(comment famine "A collection of events; a subset of disaster-event.  Each instance of famine is an event taking place in a contiguous geographical area in which a lot of people are undergoing starvation.")

;;; farmer
(isa farmer occupation-type)
(genls farmer blue-collar-worker)
(genls farmer professional)
(comment farmer "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of farmer is a person who makes (or significantly supplements) his or her income by farming.  This includes growing vegetables, grain, or fruit crops, dairy farming, or raising livestock (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep, fish) for their meat or other animal products (e.g., wool).")

;;; fear
(isa fear feeling-attribute-type)
(genls fear feeling-attribute)
(comment fear "Unpleasant emotion manifested by painful agitation in the presence or awareness of danger.   Fear implies anxiety and loss of courage.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.   A more specialized feeling-attribute-type than fear is dread.")

;;; february
(isa february month-of-year-type)
(genls february calendar-month)

;;; feeling-attribute
(isa feeling-attribute composite-attribute-type)
(isa feeling-attribute stuff-type)
(genls feeling-attribute scalar-interval)
(genls feeling-attribute mental-attribute)
(comment feeling-attribute "The collection of attributes describing emotions and mental feelings.  An element of this set would be a particular `amount' of happiness, of confidence, of fear, etc.  Obviously there are no real `units of measure' for these quantities, but one can certainly say that the `amount' of happiness one felt at one's wedding was `more' than the happiness they felt at their college graduation ceremony, etc.  There are functions, such as low-amount-fn, which take a primitive-attribute-type (such as the instances of feeling-attribute-type) and return as their value a certain-sized amount of that attribute-type; e.g., (low-amount-fn confidence) is an expression whose value is a low amount of confidence, and that in turn will be an element of confidence, and also an element of feeling-attribute, and also an element of attribute-value, etc.  See especially the various subsets of feeling-attribute.
Note that feeling-attribute is NOT an element of feeling-attribute-type.  Since feeling-attribute-type is a subset of primitive-attribute-type, any element of feeling-attribute-type (such as happiness) should have a total order among all its elements.  All the elements of feeling-attribute can't be placed in a total order (for example, how can we compare 'low happiness' with 'low contempt'?), so it should not be an element of feeling-attribute-type.")

;;; feeling-attribute-type
(isa feeling-attribute-type collection)
(genls feeling-attribute-type primitive-attribute-type)
(genls feeling-attribute-type attribute-type)
(comment feeling-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each feeling-attribute-type is a type of attribute that describes some sort of emotion and/or mental feeling.  Some elements of feeling-attribute-type are:  envy, curiosity, pride-of-accomplishment, etc.  See also feeling-attribute.")

;;; female-animal
(isa female-animal organism-classification-type)
(genls female-animal animal)
(comment female-animal "The collection of all female animals.")
(synonymous-external-concept female-animal s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "FEMALE-ANIMAL")

;;; female-fn
(isa female-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa female-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl female-fn female-animal)
(arg1-isa female-fn organism-classification-type)
(arg1-genl female-fn animal)
(comment female-fn "female-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an instance of collection-denoting-function.  (female-fn ORGTYPE) returns that subset of the animal taxonomic collection ORGTYPE which includes all and only the females of ORGTYPE.  For example, (female-fn person) and female-person denote the same collection, while (female-fn deer) denotes the collection of all female members of deer.")

;;; female-person
(isa female-person existing-object-type)
(genls female-person female-animal)
(genls female-person person)
(comment female-person "The collection of all female persons.")
(synonymous-external-concept female-person s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "FEMALE")

;;; feminine
(isa feminine linguistic-object)
(isa feminine gender-of-living-thing)
(comment feminine "feminine is a gender, indicating either that an animal or plant is female, or that a word has what is called feminine gender.")

;;; ferry
(isa ferry existing-object-type)
(genls ferry ship)
(comment ferry "The subcollection of Boat-WaterTransportationDevice that contains all ferryboats, i.e., boats that are used to carry people, goods or vehicles across rivers, lakes, canals or channels etc. or even from one side of a harbor to another, but normally not used to cross oceans.")

;;; fictional-context
(isa fictional-context microtheory-type)
(genls fictional-context counterfactual-context)
(comment fictional-context "The collection of counterfactual-contexts which are (1) created intentionally, not by error or chance or gradual evolution and accretion in a culture, and (2) typically are the information content of some information-bearing-thing, and (3) are not expected (by their creator) to be believed as factual, nor do their creators believe them to be factual.  In addition to asserting fictional propositions about existing things, a fictional-context may include terms for nonexistent things.  Examples: lord-of-the-rings, adventures-of-huckleberry-finn.")

;;; field-of-study
(isa field-of-study object-type)
(genls field-of-study propositional-information-thing)
(comment field-of-study "A collection of microtheories.  Each element of field-of-study is a microtheory containing the knowledge, theory, hypotheses, evidence, and problems covered in a particular field of study (in propositional form).  Examples:  linguistics, ethology, artificial-intelligence, business-administration, nursing--field-of-study, etc.  Fields of study are typically the subject of teaching and/or research within instances of academic-department, although the correlation between academic-department and field-of-study is not one-to-one.  Note also that elements of field-of-study are intangible objects (i.e., contexts with propositional content), while academic departments are partially tangible organizations.  For the activity of specialized study in a field, see course-of-study.")

;;; financial-account
(isa financial-account account-type)
(genls financial-account account)
(comment financial-account "A collection of intangible objects.  Each element of financial-account is an instance of account (q.v.) which is denominated in units of money.  Examples: savings accounts, credit card accounts, vendor accounts.")

;;; financial-account-tender-object
(isa financial-account-tender-object existing-object-type)
(genls financial-account-tender-object tender-object)
(comment financial-account-tender-object "A collection of objects.  Each element of financial-account-tender-object is an object, e.g., a check or a credit card, that serves as a vehicle for offering payment in funds drawn on an associated instance of financial-account.  The liquidity of an element of financial-account-tender-object depends on the account-balance or account-status of the financial account which that object legally represents.  This collection excludes the elements of currency and travellers-check.")

;;; financial-asset-holdings
(isa financial-asset-holdings existing-object-type)
(genls financial-asset-holdings holdings)
(comment financial-asset-holdings "A collection of partially tangibles.  An element of financial-asset-holdings is a group of financial assets (e.g., stocks, bonds, ... ) owned by individual or corporate agent(s).  As a default, we assume that the monetary value of each group equals the sum of the monetary values of the individual assets in that group.")

;;; financial-organization
(isa financial-organization existing-object-type)
(genls financial-organization commercial-organization)
(genls financial-organization commercial-service-organization)
(comment financial-organization "A collection of organizations; a subset of commercial-service-organization.  An element of financial-organization is an organization that buys, sells, trades, converts, or lends money, in the form of currency or negotiable financial instruments (such as stocks, bonds, commodities futures, etc.), as (one of) its major function(s).  The collection financial-organization does not include businesses, such as retailers, which simply exchange goods or non-financial services for money.")

;;; finger
(isa finger animal-body-part-type)
(genls finger appendage--animal-body-part)
(comment finger "The collection of all digits of all hands (q.v.).  Fingers are (typically) flexibly jointed and are necessary to enabling the hand (and its owner) to perform grasping and manipulation actions.")

;;; fiscal-quarter
(isa fiscal-quarter temporal-object-type)
(genls fiscal-quarter time-interval)
(comment fiscal-quarter "Each instance of this collection is a 3-month-long interval of time kept track of by an agent as part of its financial accounting procedures.  Since the start dates and end dates may vary depending on the organization, instances will be things like Fiscal3rdQuarterOf1995ForCycorp.")

;;; fiscal-year
(isa fiscal-year temporal-object-type)
(genls fiscal-year time-interval)
(comment fiscal-year "Each instance of this collection is an annual, year-long interval of time kept track of by an agent as part of its operational and financial accounting procedures.  Since the start dates and end dates may vary depending on the organization, instances of this collection are time intervals like FiscalYearOf1989ForMicrosoft")

;;; fish
(isa fish biological-class)
(genls fish vertebrate)
(genls fish animal)
(genls fish non-person-animal)
(genls fish aquatic-organism)
(comment fish "A collection of cold-blooded animals; a subset of vertebrate.  Each element of fish has gills, cranium, and fins, and spends all or almost all of its life under water.  The collection fish excludes so-called star-fish and cuttle-fish, etc., as well as fish-shaped examples of mammal such as porpoises and whales.  fish is an instance of biological-class.")

;;; fixed-structure
(isa fixed-structure existing-object-type)
(genls fixed-structure construction-artifact)
(comment fixed-structure "A collection of artifacts.  Each element of fixed-structure is a humanly-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location; e.g., buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, elevated roadways, canals, etc.  Such structures may have parts which are also elements of fixed-structure (e.g., bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g., the span of a bridge, or a room in a building).")

;;; flammability
(isa flammability primitive-attribute-type)
(genls flammability physical-attribute)
(genls flammability scalar-interval)
(comment flammability "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of flammability represents a specific readiness with which some tangible substance burns.  Different degrees of flammability are represented either using generic-value-functions or qualitatively (e.g., not-flammable, burns-easily, explosively-flammable).  Flammability of an object is indicated with the predicate flammability-of-object.")

;;; flat-physical-surface
(isa flat-physical-surface region-type)
(genls flat-physical-surface surface--physical)
(comment flat-physical-surface "The collection of all surfaces that are substantially flat (by the tolerance standards of the the context).  This means that there are no 'significant' concave depressions or convex bulges or bumps, and that the surface approximates some portion of a Euclidian plane in space.  Note that the surface may have holes or cracks and may be disconnected, in multiple (substantially coplanar) pieces.  A typical table top is a FlatPhysicalSurface.")

;;; flexible
(isa flexible physical-structural-attribute)
(comment flexible "A physical attribute.  flexible is the physical-structural-attribute of a tangible object that can be flexed, twisted, contorted.  flexible objects which retain their contorted shape are described as bendable (q.v.).")

;;; floor-in-a-construction
(isa floor-in-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls floor-in-a-construction construction-artifact)
(comment floor-in-a-construction "A physical floor in a building, NOT the level (storey).  The latter is called level-of-a-construction.  The floor can include any floor in a building such as the floor of a room on the third floor as well as the floor covering the entire 1st level of the building.  This includes just the horizontal surface -- not the subfloor.  It also doesn't include floor coverings like carpet or tile.")

;;; flow-path
(isa flow-path object-type)
(genls flow-path spatial-thing)
(genls flow-path path--simple)
(comment flow-path "A collection of pathways; a subset of path--generic.  Each element of flow-path is a path whose extent is delineated by the movement of a fluid over an area; for example, the path of a lava flow or the alaskan-pipeline.  Elements of flow-path may (but need not) be constrained by objects or forces that channel the flow of fluid; see also the subset fluid-conduit.")

;;; flowering-plant
(isa flowering-plant organism-classification-type)
(genls flowering-plant plant)
(comment flowering-plant "The collection of plants whose seeds are enclosed in ovaries; the flowering plants in the botanical sense.  For flowering plants actually in bloom, see flowery-plant.")

;;; flowery-plant
(isa flowery-plant existing-object-type)
(genls flowery-plant flowering-plant)
(comment flowery-plant "A collection of plants.  Each element of flowery-plant is a flowering plant that is actually and visibly in flower (i.e., has flowers showing).  The collection flowery-plant includes flowering bushes and trees with visible flowers.  This collection represents a commonsense category, not the official biological-taxon flowering-plant.")

;;; fluid-reservoir
(isa fluid-reservoir product-type)
(isa fluid-reservoir existing-object-type)
(genls fluid-reservoir container-product)
(comment fluid-reservoir "A collection of open-ended containers; a subset of container-product.  An instance of fluid-reservoir is a container which was designed to hold liquids.  These include elements of the collections spoon, toilet-bowl, glass-bottle, etc.  Note a special negative case: natural `reservoirs', such as lakes, are not container-products -- though the dams that create them are artifacts, the reservoir water is contained in the natural landscape -- and hence such reservoirs are not subsets of fluid-reservoir.")

;;; fluid-tangible-thing
(isa fluid-tangible-thing existing-stuff-type)
(genls fluid-tangible-thing tangible-thing)
(comment fluid-tangible-thing "A collection of tangibles.  Each element of fluid-tangible-thing is a tangible thing that flows, including gases, liquids, and semisolid tangible things which are pourable (e.g., sand).  Examples: the air-in-austin, lake-erie, the snow drifted in my driveway, the sand on the beach at Hippie Hollow, mercury in the thermometer on the balcony.  Note that the granules of a semisolid fluid-tangible-thing are not necessarily themselves fluid-tangible-things.  Cf. liquid-tangible-thing.")

;;; fog
(isa fog existing-stuff-type)
(genls fog cloud-of-h2-o)
(genls fog gaseous-tangible-thing)
(comment fog "The collection of clouds (instances of cloud-of-h2-o) that cover a geographical-region at ground-level.")

;;; foggy
(isa foggy weather-attribute)
(comment foggy "A weather-attribute characterizing an outdoor-location covered by a ground-level cloud.")

;;; foldable
(isa foldable physical-structural-attribute)
(genl-attributes foldable bendable)
(comment foldable "A physical attribute.  foldable is the physical-structural-attribute of being foldable in a flexible way, like towels or paper.  Note a distinction between foldable objects and collapsible objects: collapsible objects are rigid objects collapsed by means of hinged-joints, while foldable objects are flexible overall.")

;;; food
(isa food product-type)
(isa food existing-stuff-type)
(genls food tangible-product)
(genls food food-and-drink)
(genls food edible-stuff)
(genls food organic-stuff)
(comment food "A collection of edible stuff; a subset of food-and-drink.  Each element of the collection food is a particular portion of food of a type which can, and habitually is, eaten (not drunk or inhaled) by humans or animals.  Here the notion of ``eating'' is important --- not drinking or inhaling or osmosing; an element of food will generally require biting, chewing, etc.  A borderline example is a bowl of Jello; a borderline non-example is a very thick milkshake.  Even closer to the border is a bowl of vegetable soup so thick and chunky that each spoonful require chewing.  The edibles in food provide calories and/or other nutrients that humans or animals need (e.g., protein, vitamins); this is often true with a drink as well, but probably less than half the time (since most drinking is of water).")

;;; food--ready-to-eat
(isa food--ready-to-eat product-type)
(isa food--ready-to-eat existing-stuff-type)
(genls food--ready-to-eat food-and-drink)
(genls food--ready-to-eat organic-stuff)
(genls food--ready-to-eat food)
(comment food--ready-to-eat "A collection of food.  Each instance of food--ready-to-eat is an item of food of a type, and in a state, that people or animals can and normally do eat without any further preparation.  This includes foods which have already been prepared and foods which don't need any preparation before eating.  Hot baked instances of pizza and ripe instances of apple--the-fruit all belong in this collection.  To account for differences across cultures or species, use a specialized microtheory (see comments on food-and-drink, edible-stuff).")

;;; food-and-drink
(isa food-and-drink product-type)
(isa food-and-drink existing-stuff-type)
(genls food-and-drink edible-stuff)
(comment food-and-drink "A collection of edible stuff.  Each element of the collection food-and-drink is a food or beverage of a type which people or animals (or whatever the current microtheory is restricting its attention to --- e.g., some species of oil-eating bacteria) can and normally do consume.   Elements of food-and-drink may or may not require further preparation before the eaters find them palatable, medically safe, digestable, etc.  See food--ready-to-eat for the subset of these items that are ready for immediate consumption.  In various microtheories, the elements of food-and-drink will be restricted or expanded; e.g., in the human-activities-mt this collection is limited to only foods or beverages that modern-day human beings consume.  Some examples of food-and-drink includes a scoop of ice cream (an instance of ice-cream), a pepperoni pizza (an instance of pizza), an apple (an instance of edible-fruit), a lump of bread-dough (an instance of dough which, after preparation, will become an instance of edible bread), a double espresso (an instance of coffee--beverage), a mouthful of hay that a horse is about to swallow (an instance of hay), etc.  The latter (the hay) is not an instance of food-and-drink in the human-activities-mt.  Note that food-and-drink does NOT include such things as spices, condiments, sauces, drugs, etc., which --- though they are nevertheless edible-stuff --- do not constitute a food by themselves; those belong to other subsets of edible-stuff but not to food-and-drink.  E.g., a particular pinch of oregano would be an instance of food-ingredient-only (q.v.).  Also see: default-disjoint-food-types.")

;;; food-group-type
(isa food-group-type collection)
(genls food-group-type conventional-classification-type)
(genls food-group-type product-type)
(genls food-group-type existing-stuff-type)
(comment food-group-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of food-group-type is a collection of foodstuffs classified according to their nutritional contents.  When restricted to human foods, the elements of food-group-type are familiar as the teaching tools used in public health education in order to promote nutritionally balanced diets.  Examples include: dairy-product, cereal-food-group, fruit-and-vegetable-food-group, meat-and-legume-food-group.")

;;; food-ingredient-only
(isa food-ingredient-only product-type)
(isa food-ingredient-only existing-stuff-type)
(genls food-ingredient-only edible-stuff)
(comment food-ingredient-only "A collection of tangible stuff; a subset of edible-stuff.  Each element of food-ingredient-only is an edible substance that is used in making other food but isn't eaten by itself.  These may or may not require some preparation.  For example, table-salt, vegetable-oil, and ketchup are subsets of food-ingredient-only, because all of their instances are used only as ingredients or condiments.   In contrast, egg--chickens is not a subset of food-ingredient-only; some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other dishes, (and those instances are elements of food-ingredient-only,) but other eggs are simply eaten after poaching or frying (and those instances belong to the collection food, not food-ingredient-only).  Types of foodlike pizza, whose instances are never merely ingredients, are just subsets of food.")

;;; food-or-drink-composite
(isa food-or-drink-composite product-type)
(isa food-or-drink-composite existing-stuff-type)
(genls food-or-drink-composite artifact)
(genls food-or-drink-composite edible-stuff)
(comment food-or-drink-composite "A collection of edible stuff.  Each element of food-or-drink-composite is an edible substance that is made up of two or more foodstuffs as constituents.  Typically, some recipe is, explicitly or implicitly, associated with the production of such substances.  food-or-drink-composite includes both some instances of food-ingredient-only (e.g., a dollop of ketchup) and some instances of food-and-drink (e.g., a slice of a cheese pizza).")

;;; food-or-drink-preparation-device
(isa food-or-drink-preparation-device existing-object-type)
(genls food-or-drink-preparation-device h-o-c-object)
(genls food-or-drink-preparation-device physical-device)
(comment food-or-drink-preparation-device "A collection of objects; a subset of physical-device.  An instance of food-or-drink-preparation-device is a device whose primary-function is to prepare food or drink somehow, such as a colander, a spice mill or a pot.")

;;; food-professional
(isa food-professional occupation-type)
(genls food-professional professional)
(comment food-professional "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of food-professional is a worker in the food and drink industry.  This collection includes bakers, brewers, butchers, and bartenders--everyone from Julia Child to Joe the bartender.")

;;; food-service-organization
(isa food-service-organization existing-object-type)
(genls food-service-organization commercial-service-organization)
(genls food-service-organization business)
(comment food-service-organization "A collection of business organizations; a subset of both commercial-service-organization and business.  An element of food-service-organization is a business which prepares and/or serves food as its major function(s).  Important subsets of food-service-organization include restaurant and catering-company.  Note that grocery stores -- and airlines -- are not themselves considered elements of food-service-organization, even though some of those may have sub-organizations or sub-contractors which arefood-service-organizations.  Bars or taverns, in contrast to restaurants that also prepare and serve food, are also not considered food-service-organizations.")

;;; food-utensil
(isa food-utensil existing-object-type)
(genls food-utensil h-o-c-object)
(comment food-utensil "A collection of objects.  Each element of food-utensil is an implement or a container used in preparing or consuming food.  Among its subsets are: spoon, carving-knife, cooking-utensil, food-vessel, cutting-board, and chop-stick.")

;;; food-vessel
(isa food-vessel product-type)
(isa food-vessel existing-object-type)
(genls food-vessel container-product)
(genls food-vessel food-utensil)
(comment food-vessel "A collection of container products; a subset of food-utensil.  An instance of food-vessel is a container designed for holding, storing, or preparing food.   For example, a dinner plate, a cake pan, a wok, a plastic food storage container, etc.  Subsets include the collections cooking-vessel, eating-vessel, food-storage-container, and numerous others.")

;;; foot--animal-body-part
(isa foot--animal-body-part symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls foot--animal-body-part appendage--animal-body-part)
(genls foot--animal-body-part biological-living-object)
(comment foot--animal-body-part "The collection of all vertebrates' feet.  A foot is a terminal part of a vertebrate leg.  Feet are used in locomotion, support, balance, kicking, etc.")

;;; foot--unit-of-measure
(isa foot--unit-of-measure unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa foot--unit-of-measure f-p-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa foot--unit-of-measure unit-of-distance)
(result-isa foot--unit-of-measure scalar-interval)
(result-isa foot--unit-of-measure distance)
(args-isa foot--unit-of-measure cyc-system-real-number)
(comment foot--unit-of-measure "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of length within the British (FPS) system.  See also f-p-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; form--standardized-i-b-o
(isa form--standardized-i-b-o temporal-stuff-type)
(genls form--standardized-i-b-o structured-information-source)
(comment form--standardized-i-b-o "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of structured-information-source.  Each element of form--standardized-i-b-o is an IBO having some standard set of labelled `fields' left blank for the user to fill in with individualized information.  Forms usually accompany some sort of bureaucratic procedure, which they may be used to initiate or to certify.  Examples include the elements of job-application-form, deposit-slip, insurance-claim-form, order-form, tax-return, birth-certificate, diploma-document, a-t-m-transaction-receipt, marriage-license-document, death-certificate, etc.")

;;; formal-c-o-c
(isa formal-c-o-c existing-object-type)
(isa formal-c-o-c microtheory-type)
(genls formal-c-o-c code-of-conduct)
(comment formal-c-o-c "A collection of microtheories; a subset of code-of-conduct.  Each element of formal-c-o-c is a  code of conduct which is imposed by an organization.   Formal codes of conduct typically are explicitly stated and publicly promulgated among the group subject to them; also, they are associated with prescribed methods of enforcement and punishment of violators.  Thus, the collection formal-c-o-c includes the laws of any legal jurisdiction, the rules of deportment imposed by educational institutions, the practices of some strict religious sects, etc.   In contrast, informal codes of conduct are norms that are not prescribed or enforced by formal means; for example, etiquette (manners-code-of-conduct) and ethics (ethics-code-of-conduct).")

;;; formal-product
(isa formal-product product-type)
(genls formal-product product)
(comment formal-product "A collection of products.  Each element of formal-product is a complete packaged product, including everything the customer gets when the product is purchased, e.g., the main-product, packaging, enclosures, warranties, etc.  The typical packaged product as the retailer stocks it on the shelf and sells it at the register.")

;;; formal-product-type
(isa formal-product-type object-type)
(genls formal-product-type product-type)
(comment formal-product-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of formal-product-type is a collection of products (i.e., tangible products, services, information products, etc.), all of which conform to a standardized product specification (i.e., a `form').  In Western-style capitalistic markets, elements of formal-product-type are often associated with a particular brand name (and perhaps model), since competing providers of products design them to be distinctive.  For example, the collection internal-combustion-engine is not an element of formal-product-type, but a specific collection of engines manufactured by (e.g.) Mazda would be.  On the service side, the collection hair-cutting-event is not a formal-product-type, but a subset of hair stylings for men (e.g., at a particular designer's salon) might be.")

;;; format
(isa format collection)
(genls format intangible-individual)
(genls format individual)
(comment format "Elements of the collection format are attributes that are used to constrain the multi-valued nature of a predicate.  Consider a predicate PRED which takes five arguments, and fix any four of those arguments -- say arguments 1, 2, 4, and 5.  The number of different legal values there can be for the third argument (given that we've already chosen the other four) is determined by which format attribute has been specified for the 3rd argument place of PRED..





(1) If the arg3-format for PRED is single-entry, then there can be at most one single term that's legal (and thus at most one assertion), for those given values of arguments 1, 2, 4, and 5.  To illustrate, let's consider a predicate with a lower arity, say (mother CHILD MOM), which says that the mother of CHILD is MOM.  The arg2-format for mother should be single-entry, since an animal can have only one biological mother.





(2) If the arg3-format of PRED is set-the-format, then there may be any number of assertions with different terms in the third argument position, but sharing the same values for arguments 1, 2, 4, and 5.  E.g., the arg1-format for mother should be set-the-format, since a female can have multiple children.





(3) If the arg3-format of PRED is interval-entry, then there may be multiple assertions sharing the values of 1, 2, 4, and 5, but with different terms in the 3rd argument; however, all the values for the 3rd argument must be overlapping elements of scalar-interval (q.v.).  E.g., the height of a person might be specified in several ways, with slightly different margins of error (or approximation), which is fine, but all those alternate values had better have SOME overlap since the person really just has one particular true height at any given time.")

;;; forward-inference-p-s-c
(isa forward-inference-p-s-c problem-solving-cntxt)
(genl-mt forward-inference-p-s-c base-k-b)
(comment forward-inference-p-s-c "The problem solving context which is used during forward inference.")

;;; fragility
(isa fragility primitive-attribute-type)
(genls fragility physical-attribute)
(genls fragility scalar-interval)
(comment fragility "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of fragility represents a specific property which determines how easily a physical object breaks.  Different fragilities may be designated using a generic-value-function.  Fragilities of objects are indicated with the predicate fragility-of-object.")

;;; frame-of-reference
(isa frame-of-reference object-type)
(genls frame-of-reference geometric-thing)
(comment frame-of-reference "A collection of geometric things.  Each element of frame-of-reference is a representation of the context in which certain data are to be interpreted.  Such contexts are typically physical (i.e., spatiotemporal), but contexts may also be purely mathematical.  A Cartesian coordinate system represents a frame of reference.")

;;; free-sheet
(isa free-sheet existing-object-type)
(genls free-sheet sheet-of-some-stuff)
(comment free-sheet "A collection of certain pieces of tangible stuff.  A free-sheet is a sheet-of-some-stuff which has two sides open to the environment.  I.e. over most of each of its surfaces, it is not sheet-surface-connected with something else.")

;;; freezing
(isa freezing temporal-object-type)
(isa freezing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls freezing physical-state-change-event)
(genls freezing translocation)
(comment freezing "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, an object is cooled to (and then below) its freezing-point and is thereby changed from a liquid-state-of-matter to a solid-state-of-matter.")

;;; frequency
(isa frequency derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls frequency rate)
(genls frequency physical-attribute)
(comment frequency "A collection of physical attributes; a subset of rate.  Each element of frequency is a measurement of the number of times something happens during some time interval.  Elements of frequency may be either fixed values, such as 103 kiloHertz, or a range, such as yearly, hourly, or rarely.  See unit-of-frequency for the units used by Cyc to measure instances of frequency, e.g. (times-per-second 35), (kilo-hertz 103).  Instances of frequency are important in the characterization of types of wave-propagation.")

;;; fried
(isa fried preparation-attribute)
(genl-attributes fried cooked)
(comment fried "The attribute fried is a specialized form of cooked.  Food that is fried has been prepared in an event of frying.")

;;; friendliness
(isa friendliness feeling-attribute-type)
(genls friendliness affection)
(genls friendliness feeling-attribute)
(comment friendliness "Emotion manifested by interest in another person (or, more rarely, in some nonhuman agent), good will towards that individual, and an inclination to favor him or her (or it).  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than friendliness are love and love--romantic.")

;;; front-side
(isa front-side region-type)
(genls front-side side)
(comment front-side "The collection of all the entire front sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct sides, one of which faces in the frontwards direction.")

;;; fruit
(isa fruit existing-object-type)
(genls fruit plant-part)
(comment fruit "A subset of plant-part.  Each element of fruit is a plant structure that contains the seeds of angiosperms.  Many fruits have fleshy walls having high concentrations of sugars or fats, and these are often eaten by humans and other animals.  Fruits usually develop from the ovary wall, although some fruits include other tissues; e.g., the flesh of apples and of strawberries develops from the receptacle, and the fruits of pineapple and fig develop from a whole inflorescence (group of flowers).")

;;; fruit-fn
(isa fruit-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa fruit-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl fruit-fn fruit)
(arg1-isa fruit-fn organism-classification-type)
(arg1-genl fruit-fn plant)
(comment fruit-fn "fruit-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function, which is used to denote the various natural kinds of fruit.  fruit-fn takes a single plant collection as its argument and returns the collection of fruits of that type of plant.  (fruit-fn PLANTTYPE) denotes the collection of all fruits from the elements of PLANTTYPE.  Examples: (fruit-fn apple-tree) denotes the collection of apples (corresponds to apple--the-fruit); (fruit-fn cashew-tree) denotes the fruit of the cashew tree (note this does NOT correspond with cashew--the-nut; the red pulpy fruit is used to make cashew wine).")

;;; frustration
(isa frustration feeling-attribute-type)
(genls frustration dissatisfaction)
(comment frustration "A feeling of irritation and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unfulfilled needs.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; frying
(isa frying temporal-object-type)
(isa frying default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls frying cooking-food)
(comment frying "Cooking food by partial or total immersion in hot oil until desired level of doneness")

;;; full-time
(isa full-time work-status)
(comment full-time "Attribute of being a full-time worker.")

;;; full-use-rights
(isa full-use-rights user-rights-attribute)
(comment full-use-rights "An attribute of an object with respect to an agent, meaning that if the agent has this right to the object, it does not place any restrictions on what the agent may do with the object.  If there are restrictions on what the agent may do with the object, they arise from other sources, such as formal and informal laws of behavior.  E.g., even if you have full-use-rights to your car, you can't violate traffic laws, kill people with it, blow it up in a parking lot, etc.")

;;; function-from-quantities-to-quantities
(isa function-from-quantities-to-quantities relation-type)
(genls function-from-quantities-to-quantities non-predicate-function)
(genls function-from-quantities-to-quantities evaluatable-function)
(comment function-from-quantities-to-quantities "A collection of mathematical functions.  Each element of function-from-quantities-to-quantities is a function that takes one or more numbers as its arguments, and it returns a number as its value.  Examples: subtraction (difference-fn), square root (sqrt-fn), absolute value (absolute-value-fn), and logarithm (log-fn).")

;;; function-or-functional-predicate
(isa function-or-functional-predicate relation-type)
(genls function-or-functional-predicate relationship)
(comment function-or-functional-predicate "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of function-or-functional-predicate is either a function or else a predicate which is functional in at least one argument place (see also functional-predicate).  Examples: skolem-function, interval-max-fn, electrical-potential-difference, revenue-from, cost-rate-for-type, permeability-of-subst-thro-subst.")

;;; function-the-mathematical-type
(isa function-the-mathematical-type relation-type)
(isa function-the-mathematical-type collection)
(genls function-the-mathematical-type function-or-functional-predicate)
(genls function-the-mathematical-type relationship)
(comment function-the-mathematical-type "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of function-the-mathematical-type takes some arguments and returns a unique value.  Examples: time-elapsed-fn, interval-max-fn, skolem-function, plus-fn.  Note that predicate is a subset of function-the-mathematical-type, because predicates can be thought of as functions that return only (either) true or false.")

;;; functional-predicate
(isa functional-predicate relation-type)
(genls functional-predicate function-or-functional-predicate)
(comment functional-predicate "functional-predicate is the collection of Cyc predicates which are functional in at least one argument place.  Given a set of legal arguments for such a predicate's other argument positions, there will be a single value for the functional argument -- not two legal values, and not zero legal values.  For example, (mother CHILD MOM) is functional in its second argument, since every animal has one and only one biological mother.")

;;; functional-slot
(isa functional-slot predicate-category)
(genls functional-slot prothetic-slot)
(genls functional-slot functional-predicate)
(comment functional-slot "A collection of predicates; a subset of functional-predicate.  Each element of functional-slot is a binary predicate which is also a function, and in which the second of its two arguments is the functional one.  A functional predicate F is an element of functional-slot if and only if, in assertions of the form (F X Y), for any legal value of X, there is always exactly one value of Y.  functional-slot is half of the set intersection of binary-predicate and functional-predicate, namely for the cases where the second of the two arguments is the functional one.  Examples: latitude, country-of-address, state-of-device, female-parent-actor.")

;;; fundamental-numeric-attribute-type
(isa fundamental-numeric-attribute-type collection)
(genls fundamental-numeric-attribute-type measurable-attribute-type)
(comment fundamental-numeric-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of fundamental-numeric-attribute-type is a collection of measurable attributes, including distance, time, currency, mass, etc.  The types of attributes in this collection are `fundamental' when contrasted with other attributes which are derived from them (such as volume, speed, etc.).  Cf. derived-numeric-attribute-type.")

;;; fungus
(isa fungus biological-kingdom)
(genls fungus organism--whole)
(comment fungus "The collection of fungi, the stationary, saprophytic, and symbiotic or parasitic eukaryotic organisms constituting an instance of biological-kingdom in many systems of classification.  fungus includes as subsets the collections mushroom, yeast, and ringworm-fungus.  Unlike most other instances of plant, mushrooms are incapable of performing processes of photosynthesis.")

;;; furniture-piece
(isa furniture-piece existing-object-type)
(genls furniture-piece h-o-c-object)
(genls furniture-piece physical-device)
(genls furniture-piece solid-tangible-product)
(comment furniture-piece "A collection of durable artifacts which are used in human-shelter-constructions to make human dwelling places more comfortable.  An instance of furniture-piece is a whole piece of furniture, such as a table, chair, or chest of drawers; an arm of a sofa is not a furniture-piece.  Its subsets can be classified according to the main functions their elements serve:  (1) providing support for people's bodies while they are seated or reclining (e.g., bed--piece-of-furniture, sofa--piece-of-furniture, foot-stool, fixed-theatre-seat); (2) providing work/action surfaces (e.g., desk--piece-of-furniture, dining-room-table); (3) providing organized and/or protective storage for people's stuff (e.g., dresser--piece-of-furniture, bookcase--piece-of-furniture); (4) providing extra illumination or some other function in living and work areas (e.g., electric-lamp).  Most pieces of furniture belong to the collection non-powered-device (q.v.) in that they don't need any energy input in order to do their function.  
Note: Yes, of course lamps, fancy console TVs, hospital beds, etc. are exceptions to that last rule -- they require power. But in a sense they are really objects performing multiple independent functions.  A fancy console TV is a piece of furniture even when it's turned off; it just so happens to fulfill two roles, one as a piece of furniture and one as an appliance.  When it's turned on, in fact, its users are intended to stop noticing it as a piece of furniture.)")

;;; fusion-event
(isa fusion-event temporal-object-type)
(isa fusion-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls fusion-event creation-event)
(comment fusion-event "A collection of events.  In each fusion-event, two or more objects fuse together, yielding a product.")

;;; gaining-user-rights
(isa gaining-user-rights temporal-object-type)
(genls gaining-user-rights transfer-in)
(genls gaining-user-rights change-in-user-rights)
(comment gaining-user-rights "A collection of events.  In an instance of gaining-user-rights, some agent gains possession of something.  Thus, in such an event, that agent newly acquires a right (viz., some user-rights-attribute) to use some item.  The item in question is identified as the object-of-possession-transfer, and the agent is the to-possessor (i.e., the one to whom the possession comes).  The agent may or may not be a deliberate-actors in the event; e.g., buying a car is done on purpose, but receiving a car as a gift isn't.  If either of those two events happen to you, though, it is an element of the collection gaining-user-rights.")

;;; gamma-ray
(isa gamma-ray wave-propagation-type)
(genls gamma-ray electromagnetic-radiation)
(comment gamma-ray "A collection of events; a subset of electromagnetic-radiation.  Each element of gamma-ray is an instance of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength less than  1x10^-2 angstroms.  Low power gamma-rays overlap with high power x-rays.")

;;; gaseous-fn
(isa gaseous-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa gaseous-fn tangible-stuff-state-type)
(result-genl gaseous-fn gaseous-tangible-thing)
(arg1-isa gaseous-fn tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(comment gaseous-fn "A collection-denoting-function.  gaseous-fn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see tangible-stuff-composition-type).  (gaseous-fn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in the gaseous-state-of-matter.")

;;; gaseous-state-of-matter
(isa gaseous-state-of-matter state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous)
(comment gaseous-state-of-matter "A basic physical state of matter.  Gaseous objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by having diffuse boundaries (when outside of containers) and by great expandability and compressibility and (in some cases) combustability.  Examples  of things that typically have this attribute are: the Earth's ionosphere; the helium in a child's balloon; the highly compressed air in a diver's scuba tank.")

;;; gaseous-tangible-thing
(isa gaseous-tangible-thing tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls gaseous-tangible-thing fluid-tangible-thing)
(comment gaseous-tangible-thing "A collection of tangible substances.  Each element of gaseous-tangible-thing is a tangible thing which is in a gaseous-state-of-matter; i.e., its shapes would completely conform to the boundaries of a vessel containing it, and it is compressible.  Examples: the-atmosphere-qua-single-piece-of-stuff, the helium filling a child's balloon, a cloud of poisonous gas released from an Iraqi weapons dump during the Gulf War.  Cf. fluid-tangible-thing, liquid-tangible-thing.")

;;; gen-value-fn
(isa gen-value-fn reifiable-function)
(isa gen-value-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa gen-value-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa gen-value-fn interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg2-isa gen-value-fn collection)
(arg3-isa gen-value-fn generic-attribute)
(comment gen-value-fn "gen-value-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of individual-denoting-function.  It is used to denote an amount of a specified attribute that can be considered a generic value (very low, low, medium, high, or etc.) for members of the indicated group.  Thus, (gen-value-fn PRED COL GEN) denotes the amount which can be considered the GEN value of PRED for members of the collection COL.  Thus (gen-value-fn height-of-object basket-ball-player high) denotes the amount of distance which is a high height among basketball players.  See also generic-attribute.")

;;; gender-of-living-thing
(isa gender-of-living-thing unordered-attribute-type)
(isa gender-of-living-thing sibling-disjoint-attribute-type)
(genls gender-of-living-thing attribute-value)
(comment gender-of-living-thing "The collection of genders that organisms can have.")

;;; general-microtheory
(isa general-microtheory object-type)
(isa general-microtheory microtheory-type)
(genls general-microtheory microtheory)
(comment general-microtheory "The collection consisting of every microtheory intended to contain general axioms useful for multiple purposes.  This excludes microtheories which deal with specific situations, such as instances of problem-solving-cntxt, microtheories that represent the information content of one specific information-bearing-object such as the US Declaration of Independence.  Examples of this collection are human-social-life-mt, buying-mt, and naive-animals-mt.")

;;; generalized-transfer
(isa generalized-transfer temporal-object-type)
(isa generalized-transfer default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls generalized-transfer event)
(comment generalized-transfer "This collection is a subset of event.  Each element of generalized-transfer is a general kind of transfer event, in which something (tangible or intangible) is transferred from one `place' to another.  generalized-transfer includes changes in physical location, in ownership or possession, transfer of information, and propagation of wave phenomena through space.  See also the related predicate transferred-thing, and the specialized subsets of this collection.")

;;; generic-attribute
(isa generic-attribute primitive-attribute-type)
(genls generic-attribute scalar-interval)
(comment generic-attribute "generic-attribute is a collection of basic attributes, such as low, medium, high, etc., which are applicable to a wide range of topics.")

;;; generic-value-function
(isa generic-value-function relation-type)
(genls generic-value-function reifiable-function)
(genls generic-value-function individual-denoting-function)
(comment generic-value-function "A collection of Cyc functions; a subset of individual-denoting-function.  Each element of generic-value-function is a function that can be applied to an element of primitive-attribute-type and returns some `generic' amount (e.g., high, medium, low) of that attribute.  Such functions are particularly useful for qualitative, hard-to-quantify attribute types, e.g., happiness, fragility, absorbency, glamor, etc.  They save us from having to create individually the various levels of attributes like happiness, fragility, etc.  Instead, for example, we need only refer to (high-amount-fn happiness) as an alternative to painstakingly reifying `HighHappiness' and hand-entering all the formulas that such a constant requires (e.g. isa, following-value, etc.). The compositionality afforded by the elements of generic-value-function allows this overhead to be taken care of automatically.")

;;; genetic-condition
(isa genetic-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls genetic-condition chronic-condition)
(genls genetic-condition congenital-condition)
(genls genetic-condition physiological-condition)
(comment genetic-condition "A collection of physiological conditions.  An instance of genetic-condition is an abnormal condition which developed in a particular organism due to that organism's genetic configuration.  Such conditions are not contagious as infections are, but they may be hereditary.  They are often harmful, in fact they are often ailment-conditions, such as encephalitis.  Occasionally, though the mutation is beneficial, in which case it would be wrong to also label it an ailment-condition.")

;;; geographical-direction
(isa geographical-direction object-type)
(genls geographical-direction terrestrial-direction)
(genls geographical-direction unit-vector-interval)
(genls geographical-direction direction-expression)

;;; geographical-region
(isa geographical-region existing-object-type)
(genls geographical-region surface--physical)
(genls geographical-region place)
(comment geographical-region "A collection of spatial regions that include some piece of the surface of planet-earth.  Each element of geographical-region is a partially-tangible entity that may be represented on a map of the Earth.  This includes both purely topographical regions like mountains and underwater spaces, and those defined by demographics, e.g., countries and cities.  In all cases, though, note that the 'region' in question must contain some tangible component with which it is possible to make physical contact.  The elements of geographical-region contrast in this respect with the elements of geographical-thing--intangible, which are wholly 'imaginary'.  Examples of geographical-regions: city-of-pittsburgh-p-a, rocky-mountain-states--u-s-region, the bahamas, yale-university, sinai-peninsula.  Some important types of regions are represented by the subsets geopolitical-entity, language-area, time-zone, postal-code-region, ecological-region, construction-site.  No elements of geographical-region are wholly indoor locations.")

;;; geometric-thing
(isa geometric-thing object-type)
(genls geometric-thing mathematical-object)
(genls geometric-thing spatial-thing)
(comment geometric-thing "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of geometric-thing is a spatial thing that can be described mathematically.  geometric-thing includes abstract shapes of various dimensions (hence points, lines, curves, polygons, polyhedra), tensors, frames of reference, angles, etc.")

;;; geopolitical-entity
(isa geopolitical-entity existing-object-type)
(genls geopolitical-entity legal-agent)
(genls geopolitical-entity geographical-region)
(comment geopolitical-entity "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of geopolitical-entity is a `thick' geographical region, in other words, a politically defined geographical region taken together with its government, people, artifical habitats, etc.  Important subsets include country, independent-country, state--geopolitical, city, province.  Examples: city-of-tokyo-japan, borough-of-bronx-n-y, alaska--state, rwanda, singapore, inner-mongolia, somershire-county-england, taiwan--republic-of-china.  Although the name geopolitical-entity may suggest, elements are not necessarily elements of entity.")
(synonymous-external-concept geopolitical-entity s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GEOPOLITICAL-ENTITY")

;;; gesture
(isa gesture temporal-stuff-type)
(genls gesture situation)
(genls gesture visual-information-source)
(comment gesture "A collection of configurations; a subset of visual-information-source.  Each element of gesture is a configuration of animal body parts that has some meaning to an observer with an understanding of the interpretive convention.  A gesture may include some tool or prop.  Gestures may be fleeting (e.g., a hello wave) or may last a long time (e.g., the gesture embodied in the statue-of-liberty).  Note that, as defined in Cyc, a gesture is a meaningful configuration of body parts, NOT the actions producing the arrangement; for representation of the actions, see making-a-gesture.")

;;; gift-giving
(isa gift-giving temporal-object-type)
(isa gift-giving default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls gift-giving giving-something)
(comment gift-giving "A collection of events.  In an instance of gift-giving, one agent intentionally gives all use rights over an object (see user-rights-attribute) to another agent without taking payment in return.")

;;; giving-something
(isa giving-something temporal-object-type)
(isa giving-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls giving-something transferring-possession)
(genls giving-something animal-activity)
(comment giving-something "A collection of events.  In an instance of giving-something, one agent gives a tangible thing to another agent.  Every giving-something event can also be thought of as a receiving event.  
Note: The common case in which one agent gives ownership of an object to another agent is represented by the subset gift-giving.")

;;; glass
(isa glass tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls glass inanimate-thing)
(genls glass tangible-thing)
(comment glass "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of glass is a piece of glass; e.g., a wine bottle, a plate glass window, a microscope slide, a crystal water goblet, the mirrors of a reflecting telescope.")

;;; goal
(isa goal stuff-type)
(genls goal mental-object)
(comment goal "Each element of this collection is a state of affairs that some agent prefers would hold; moreover, the agent is/will be taking steps to achieve (or maintain) that state of affairs.  A goal may be a reified Cyc constant, or may be represented by a cyc-formula.   Some subsets of goal (that is, some classes of goals) include: species preservation (preserving-own-species), self-preservation (preserving-self), accomplishing a milestone (milestone), avoiding hunger (hunger-avoidance-goal), etc.")

;;; going-to-sleep
(isa going-to-sleep temporal-object-type)
(isa going-to-sleep default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls going-to-sleep intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls going-to-sleep single-doer-action)
(genls going-to-sleep animal-activity)
(comment going-to-sleep "The collection of events in which an animal goes from the state of being awake to being in a state of sleep.")

;;; golf-cart
(isa golf-cart product-type)
(isa golf-cart existing-object-type)
(genls golf-cart transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls golf-cart land-transportation-device)
(comment golf-cart "The collection of all motorized vehicles that are designed for golfers to use to drive around on golf-courses while they are playing golf-games.  GolfCarts drive very slowly compared with automobiles.")

;;; government-c-o-c
(isa government-c-o-c existing-object-type)
(isa government-c-o-c microtheory-type)
(genls government-c-o-c formal-c-o-c)
(comment government-c-o-c "A collection of microtheories; a subset of formal-c-o-c (the set of formal codes of conduct).  Each instance of government-c-o-c is a formal regulation of behavior imposed upon agents -- including citizens, tourists, businesses, government entities, etc., in so far as they are subject to it -- who are located within the legal jurisdiction where that code of conduct holds.  government-c-o-c includes both individual laws and whole legal codes.  Some examples of government-c-o-c include: the Napoleonic Code, the United States Constitution and all Federal, State, and local laws of the United States, and the particular laws against stealing found in most, if not all, countries.  Enforcement of a particular instance of government-c-o-c is authorized by the government associated with that code and carried out by its agents within their jurisdiction(s).  See also legal-code and law.")

;;; government-fn
(isa government-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa government-fn reifiable-function)
(result-isa government-fn regional-government)
(arg1-isa government-fn geopolitical-entity)
(comment government-fn "The Cyc function government-fn is an individual-denoting-function.  Given an element of geopolitical-entity as its single argument, government-fn forms a non-atomic term (NAT) used to denote the element of regional-government that governs that geopolitical entity.  (government-fn REGION) is the NAT used to denote the government of REGION.  For example, what is denoted by united-states-federal-government is the same as -- i.e., equals -- what is denoted by (government-fn united-states-of-america).  See also government.")

;;; government-leader-note
(isa government-leader-note shared-note)
(comment government-leader-note "The distinction between head-of-government and head-of-state is a subtle one.  head-of-government is the set of leaders who actually run the government.  head-of-state is the set of leaders who are mainly ceremonial figures, fulfilling diplomatic roles such as hosting foreign dignitaries.  For a given country, these two roles may be filled by the same person, such as bill-clinton for the united-states-of-america in 1996, or by two separate individuals; for example, in 1996 the head-of-state for great-britain would be queen-elizabeth-i-i, while the head-of-government would be John Major (prime-minister--head-of-government).  Cyc constant names indicate which government role is associated with a particular title; e.g., sultan--head-of-government vs. sultan--head-of-state.")

;;; government-military-organization
(isa government-military-organization existing-object-type)
(genls government-military-organization legal-government-organization)
(genls government-military-organization military-organization)
(comment government-military-organization "The collection of all military-organizations which belong to, and are directed by, the governing body of a geographical region or international organization.  The government organization may be a national government, state or provincial government, or an international governing body such as the united-nations-organization.  The military forces may include armies, navies, air forces, military border patrols, coast guards, etc.  This collection excludes private armies and mercenary forces.")

;;; government-of-country
(isa government-of-country existing-object-type)
(genls government-of-country regional-government)
(comment government-of-country "A collection of regional government organizations.  An element of government-of-country is the government of some element of country; e.g., united-states-federal-government.  See also the Cyc function government-fn, which can be used to refer to the government of a political region.  The governments of smaller regions within a country may or may not be sub-organizations of that country's government; in `federal' systems the smaller regions often have partly autonomous governments, as do the elements of state--united-states.")

;;; gram
(isa gram unit-of-mass)
(isa gram unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa gram c-g-s-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa gram mass)
(result-isa gram scalar-interval)
(args-isa gram cyc-system-real-number)
(comment gram "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the gram used within the Metric system to measure mass.  See also c-g-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; granular
(isa granular physical-structural-attribute)
(genl-attributes granular pourable)
(comment granular "A physical attribute.  granular is the physical-structural-attribute that describes a solid  that consists of granules and has a grainy texture; e.g., sand, sugar, salt.")

;;; grasping-implement
(isa grasping-implement existing-object-type)
(genls grasping-implement hand-tool)
(comment grasping-implement "A collection of tools.  An instance of grasping-implement is a tool which is intended to be used to grasp (and often to subsequently immobilize or control the location/movement of) some other solid object.  Examples include each vise, each pair of forceps, each monkey-wrench, each pair of tweezers, etc.  But not a balloon, a syringe, a doorstop, a cage, etc.  A marginal positive example would be a magnetic tool designed to pick up something without actually touching it.")

;;; grasping-something-with-a-tool
(isa grasping-something-with-a-tool temporal-stuff-type)
(isa grasping-something-with-a-tool default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls grasping-something-with-a-tool handling-a-device)
(comment grasping-something-with-a-tool "A collection of the events in which a tool is used to grasp some object.")

;;; gratitude
(isa gratitude feeling-attribute-type)
(genls gratitude feeling-attribute)
(comment gratitude "A feeling of appreciation towards another agent for a benefit or favor received from him/her.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.")

;;; greeting-someone
(isa greeting-someone temporal-object-type)
(isa greeting-someone default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls greeting-someone communication-act--single)
(genls greeting-someone sociability-based-action)
(comment greeting-someone "The collection of actions performed by one agent to greet another.  Includes verbal and physical greetings.")

;;; grilled
(isa grilled preparation-attribute)
(genl-attributes grilled cooked)
(comment grilled "The attribute grilled is a specialized form of cooked.  Food that is grilled has been prepared in an event of grilling-food, using a b-b-q-grill or an electric-grill.")

;;; grilling-food
(isa grilling-food script-type)
(genls grilling-food cooking-food)
(comment grilling-food "Cooking food on a b-b-q-grill or an electric-grill.")

;;; grounds-of-organization
(isa grounds-of-organization existing-object-type)
(genls grounds-of-organization outdoor-location)
(genls grounds-of-organization geographical-region)
(genls grounds-of-organization real-estate)
(comment grounds-of-organization "A collection of smallish geographical regions.  Each element of grounds-of-organization is an area which contains buildings inhabited by some organization.  Examples: the campus of the university-of-texas-at-austin or the grounds of seton-northwest-hospital.
Note that the `grounds' of an organization, especially an organization with urban locations, might not include a yard.")

;;; group
(isa group object-type)
(genls group temporal-thing)
(genls group individual)
(genls group situation)
(comment group "A collection of objects.  Each element of group is a composite object, made up of individual members which may be either events or objects.  A group is related to its members by the predicate group-members (q.v.).  Note that elements of group are NOT collections; consider: a group has temporal extent and may have spatial extent and location, while a collection is timeless and abstract.  Nonetheless, it is possible to define a collection parallel to any group, so that the group-members of that group are also instances (isa's) of the correlated collection; e.g., each toe on my left foot is both an element of the collection of my left toes and a member of the group of toes on my left foot.  But that group (of my left toes) is a spatiotemporal thing, while the correlated collection (of my left toes) is NOT.  Another example: if I consider a certain flock of pigeons as having a location, a spatial extent, and a time of existence, then I am considering (the pigeon flock) a group and NOT a collection.  As a default, a group whose group-members are elements of something-existing is itself an element of something-existing; and a group whose group-members are elements of event is itself an element of event.  Finally, unlike a collection, a group cannot be empty; a group must have some group-members, or there is no group (at that point in time).  Examples of group: queens-guard, three-wise-men, santas-reindeer, international-community.")

;;; group-fn
(isa group-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa group-fn object-type)
(result-genl group-fn group)
(arg1-isa group-fn object-type)
(comment group-fn "group-fn is a Cyc collection-denoting-function.  group-fn is used for referring to specializations of group; esp. note that applications of group-fn produce COLLECTIONS (of groups), not individual groups.  group-fn takes any element of object-type as its argument and returns a subset of group, namely the collection containing those groups whose group-members are elements of that object-type.  (group-fn OBJ-TYPE) denotes the collection of all groups whose members belong to (isa) OBJ-TYPE. For example, (group-fn ballistic-missile) represents the collection of all groups of ballistic missiles, e.g., Russia's ballistic missiles, China's ballistic missiles, the U.S.'s ballistic missiles, etc.  Another example: A group of 101 (particular) Dalmatians isa (group-fn dog).  Collections of groups of events may also be denoted; e.g., Columbus's voyages to North America constitute a group (of events) which isa (group-fn travel--trip-event).")

;;; guest
(isa guest human-cyclist)

;;; guiding-a-moving-object
(isa guiding-a-moving-object temporal-stuff-type)
(isa guiding-a-moving-object script-type)
(genls guiding-a-moving-object controlling-something)
(genls guiding-a-moving-object movement--translation-event)
(comment guiding-a-moving-object "A collection of events; a subset of both controlling-something and movement--translation-event.  An instance of guiding-a-moving-object is an event in which an agent guides or steers an object which is in motion.  For example, someone steering a car or a motorcycle, controlling a surfboard, or flying a kite.  If all you `guide' is a rotation, then that is not quite a guiding-a-moving-object event.  Also, if no motion actually takes place, then it would be stretching things to call that a `guiding.'  So a marginal example is running (you are guiding yourself) and two marginal non-examples are:  spinning in place, and running in place.")

;;; guilt
(isa guilt feeling-attribute-type)
(genls guilt shame)
(comment guilt "Negative, self-accusatory feeling of responsibility and blameworthiness for having caused harm by a past action, usually with conscious intent.  Note that this is not `guilty vs. innocent', but rather the feeling of guiltiness.  An unremorseful killer, though guilty (as opposed to innocent) of the murder, may not feel any guilt (i.e., guiltiness) about it.    This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; gulf
(isa gulf existing-object-type)
(genls gulf body-of-water)
(comment gulf "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of gulf is a part of a sea extending into a land mass.  Many gulfs are the outlet for a large river system.   Examples of gulf include the saronic-gulf, gulf-of-mexico, gulf-of-arkangelsk, gulf-of-california, and persian-gulf.")

;;; gusty
(isa gusty weather-attribute)
(comment gusty "A weather-attribute indicating that the wind at an outdoor-location is subject to sudden changes in direction and intensity.")

;;; h-o-c-object
(isa h-o-c-object existing-object-type)
(genls h-o-c-object artifact)
(comment h-o-c-object "A collection of artifacts.  h-o-c-object is a very general collection for all artifacts that are found in places where humans live or work, i.e., in some element of human-occupation-construct (= HOC).  Since these objects are considered to be found indoors, they are all roughly `human-sized'.  Elements include everything from furniture to tools, appliances to artwork, medical examining tables to church altars and pews.")

;;; h-p-k-b--user
(isa h-p-k-b--user human-cyclist)
(comment h-p-k-b--user "The default Cyclist in the HPKB release.")

;;; hail-process
(isa hail-process temporal-stuff-type)
(genls hail-process precipitation-process)
(comment hail-process "The collection of instances of precipitation-process in which solid particles or small chunks of water ice fall to the earth from clouds.")

;;; hail-stone
(isa hail-stone existing-object-type)
(genls hail-stone 
  (solid-fn water))
(genls hail-stone precipitation-particle)
(comment hail-stone "The collection of solid particles or small chunks of ice emitted from clouds in instances of hail-process.")

;;; hand
(isa hand symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls hand appendage--animal-body-part)
(comment hand "The collection of all terminal parts of a vertebrate forelimb which are structurally suited to function as a grasping organ (as in people, newts, etc.).  E.g., FerdinandTheBull has his forelimbs end in hooves, which are not capable of grasping things, so those are NOT considered hands.")

;;; hand-tool
(isa hand-tool existing-object-type)
(genls hand-tool portable-object)
(genls hand-tool tool)
(genls hand-tool device--single-user)
(comment hand-tool "The collection hand-tool is a subset of tool.  Each element of hand-tool fills all the requirements for a generic tool, plus the requirement that a hand tool is a portable object which is hand-guided throughout its operation.  Examples include the elements of screwdriver, manual-drill, and blow-dryer.  See also tool, portable-object.")

;;; handling-a-device
(isa handling-a-device temporal-stuff-type)
(isa handling-a-device default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls handling-a-device human-activity)
(genls handling-a-device handling-an-object)
(comment handling-a-device "A collection of events; a subset of handling-an-object.  An instance of handling-a-device is an event in which a device is manipulated (with the operator holding and touching the device) in order to use it for its primary-function.  Instances include elements of the subsets pruning, playing-a-musical-instrument, operating-a-household-appliance, pumping-gas-event, writing-by-hand, and many more.  Just carrying pruning shears around is not a handling-a-device event.")

;;; handling-an-object
(isa handling-an-object temporal-stuff-type)
(isa handling-an-object default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls handling-an-object action-on-object)
(genls handling-an-object physical-contact-situation)
(genls handling-an-object controlling-something)
(comment handling-an-object "A collection of events; a subset of both controlling-something and physical-contact-event.  An instance of handling-an-object is an event in which an object is touched and manipulated by some agent.  Examples of handling-an-object include instances of  holding-an-object and of causing-another-objects-translational-motion.  So just holding a rock in your hand is a handling-an-object; so is washing your cereal bowl (an instance of washing-dishes), cutting a loose thread on your shirt (an instance of cutting-a-thread), and carrying the rock from one place to another (an instance of carrying-while-locomoting.)  One very important class of handling-an-object instances involve operating some hand-held device --- i.e., events which are instances of the collection handling-a-device.   I.e., the performer handles an object which happens to be a device, but not just lugging it around but actually employing it for its intended primary-function --- not merely to look at it or rearrange or relocate it.  For example, if you move a fork from the dishwasher to the silverware drawer, that's just handling-an-object; if you use that fork to eat some food, though, that is an instance of handling-a-device.")

;;; happiness
(isa happiness feeling-attribute-type)
(genls happiness feeling-attribute)
(comment happiness "The enjoyment of pleasurable satisfaction that goes with well-being, security, effective accomplishments, or satisfied wishes.  As with all feeling-attribute-types, this is a collection -- the set of all possible amounts of happiness one can feel.  One instance of happiness is `extremely happy'; another is `just a little bit happy'.  
Note:  Obviously there are no real units of measure for this quantity, ways of objectively measuring the amount of happiness possessed or gained or lost, etc., but still this has proven to be a useful way for Cyc to represent and reason with emotions.  E.g., one can have a rule that says that most people have a greater `amount' of happiness at their wedding than at their high school graduation, etc.  There are functions, such as low-amount-fn, which take a primitive-attribute-type (such as the instances of feeling-attribute-type) such as happiness and return as their value a certain-sized amount of that feeling; e.g., (low-amount-fn happiness) is an expression whose value is a positive but small amount of happiness, and that in turn will be an element of happiness (and also will be an element of feeling-attribute and an element of attribute-value, etc.)  feeling-attribute-types organize into a lattice; e.g., there are several more specialized forms of happiness that are present in Cyc's ontology, such as elation, delight, triumph--the-feeling, etc.")

;;; harbor
(isa harbor existing-object-type)
(genls harbor outdoor-location)
(genls harbor body-of-water)
(comment harbor "The collection of those parts of a body-of-water, each of which is protected from the open sea and deep enough to furnish fairly safe anchorage.")

;;; hardcopy-information-bearing-object
(isa hardcopy-information-bearing-object existing-object-type)
(genls hardcopy-information-bearing-object artifact)
(genls hardcopy-information-bearing-object information-bearing-object)
(comment hardcopy-information-bearing-object "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of hardcopy-information-bearing-object is an IBO in a `hard' format, e.g., written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, carved on stone.  Humans can read hardcopy IBOs without using a computer or electronic device to access them.  Thus, hardcopy-information-bearing-object does NOT include the tangible IBOs which are embodied in magnetic media (e.g., data or music on tapes or disks).  Examples of hardcopy-information-bearing-object: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a ten dollar bill, a price tag.")

;;; hardness
(isa hardness material-strength-type)
(genls hardness scalar-interval)
(genls hardness physical-attribute)
(comment hardness "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of hardness is an attribute describing how much pressure a tangible material can withstand before deforming or fragmenting.  Hardnesses may be characterized using a generic-value-function (q.v.), or relative to certain substances, e.g., hard-as-a-rock.  Hardnesses of objects are reported using the predicate hardness-of-object.")

;;; hardware-tool
(isa hardware-tool existing-object-type)
(genls hardware-tool tool)
(genls hardware-tool solid-tangible-product)
(genls hardware-tool physical-device)
(comment hardware-tool "A collection of tools.  An instance of hardware-tool is an object used to perform a task, usually by applying a particular kind of force on another object.  The tool is used to produce a physical effect in the position, structure, or arrangement of the other object.  Subsets of hardware-tool include hammer, screwdriver, hand-saw.  An electric drill is also a hardware-tool.  Borderline nonexamples include eating utensils, robot servants, screws, nails, and levers.")

;;; harvesting-a-plant
(isa harvesting-a-plant temporal-object-type)
(isa harvesting-a-plant script-type)
(genls harvesting-a-plant directed-translation)
(genls harvesting-a-plant removing-something)
(genls harvesting-a-plant transportation-event)
(genls harvesting-a-plant human-activity)
(comment harvesting-a-plant "A collection of events.  Each instance of harvesting-a-plant is an event in which a plant is harvested.  Harvesting may involve separating some part of the plant and leaving the rest in place (e.g., fruit trees), or it may involve removing the entire plant from its growing location (e.g., carrots).")

;;; hat
(isa hat product-type)
(isa hat existing-object-type)
(genls hat clothing-accessory)
(comment hat "A collection of objects.  Each element of hat is either a hat or other headgear or hatlike object.  Subsets include helmet, swimming-cap, and sombrero.")

;;; hate
(isa hate feeling-attribute-type)
(genls hate dislike)
(genls hate contempt)
(genls hate hostility)
(comment hate "An intense feeling of hostility and aversion, usually deriving from fear, anger, or a sense of injury, and usually coupled with enmity and malice.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.")

;;; having-a-meal
(isa having-a-meal temporal-object-type)
(isa having-a-meal default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls having-a-meal purposeful-action)
(genls having-a-meal human-activity)
(genls having-a-meal destruction-event)
(comment having-a-meal "A collection of events.  Each element of having-a-meal is an event in which one or more diners consume a meal.  In addition to having-breakfast, having-lunch, and having-dinner, this includes having-a-snack (among other subsets).  Typically, instances of having-a-meal include people eating some food and drinking one or more beverages.")

;;; head--animal-body-part
(isa head--animal-body-part unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa head--animal-body-part animal-body-part-type)
(genls head--animal-body-part solid-tangible-thing)
(genls head--animal-body-part animal-body-part)
(comment head--animal-body-part "The collection of all heads of animals.
[Note: the hyphenated name reflects the need to have other terms in the knowledge base like head--vertebrate, representing a subset of this set, about which some useful specialized information is stated.]")

;;; head--vertebrate
(isa head--vertebrate unique-anatomical-part-type)
(genls head--vertebrate biological-living-object)
(genls head--vertebrate head--animal-body-part)
(comment head--vertebrate "The collection of all heads of vertebrates (animals with backbones).  Vertebrate heads all have faces (see face-of-animal) and connect to the animal's torso via a neck; these things are not generally true for most non-vertebrates.")

;;; head-of-government
(isa head-of-government occupation-type)
(genls head-of-government politician)
(comment head-of-government "A collection of persons.  Each element of head-of-government is a person who holds a political position as the titular head of the government in some element of country.  Titles that such a person might hold include Prime Minister, President, Premier, King or Queen, Minister of State, Sultan, Chacellor, Chairman.  Examples: John Major, Benjamin Netanyahu, Bill Clinton.  See also title-of-head-of-government.  Cf. head-of-state.")

;;; head-of-state
(isa head-of-state occupation-type)
(genls head-of-state politician)
(genls head-of-state leader)
(comment head-of-state "A collection of persons.  Each element of head-of-state is a person who holds a political position as the titular leader of some element of country.  Titles that such a person might hold include President, Premier, Chairman, Sultan, King or Queen, Regent.  Examples of head-of-state: bill-clinton, queen-elizabeth-i-i, Yasser Arafat, Hirohito, Jiang Zemin.  See also title-of-head-of-state.  Cf. head-of-government.")

;;; health-professional
(isa health-professional occupation-type)
(genls health-professional professional)
(comment health-professional "The collection of all health-related professionals - including medical professionals as well as professionals not in the medical field.  For example, health inspectors.")

;;; hearing
(isa hearing temporal-stuff-type)
(isa hearing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls hearing perceiving)
(comment hearing "The collection of sensory perceivings in which, by means of vibratory sensors, a perceptual-agent hears something that is causing (or consisting of) sound waves, and thereby acquires information about it.  See also: listening-deliberately, the subset of hearing events in which the aural stimulus is intentionally attended to.")

;;; heart
(isa heart unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa heart animal-body-part-type)
(genls heart organ)
(genls heart muscle-tissue)
(comment heart "The collection of all hearts.  A heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body of an animal.")

;;; heating-device
(isa heating-device existing-object-type)
(genls heating-device physical-device)
(comment heating-device "A collection of physical devices.  The set of physical-devices whose primary-function is to generate heat to raise the temperature of something else.  The stuff being heated might be gaseous (air in a room or a hair dryer), liquid (water in a pool or hot water tank), or solid (food in an oven, hair with a curling iron, plastic during its shaping, etc.)  An instance of heating-device typically has some energy input, some way of converting that energy to heat, and some way of delivering the heat to the object(s) to be heated.  A borderline positive example of this is a device which absorbs heat during warm periods such as daytimes, and radiates it back out again during cool periods such as nighttimes.  Note that heating must be a primary function of the device; no matter how little you think of your personal computer, it is not a heating-device.")

;;; heating-process
(isa heating-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa heating-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls heating-process temperature-changing-process)
(comment heating-process "heating-process is a specialization of temperature-changing-process -- that is, (genls heating-process temperature-changing-process).  During each heating-process event, the temperature of the object-of-state-change is increased by applying heat to the object.")

;;; heavenly-body
(isa heavenly-body existing-object-type)
(genls heavenly-body astronomical-object)
(genls heavenly-body partially-tangible)
(comment heavenly-body "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of heavenly-body is an astronomical object located in outer space (including the Earth).  Elements of heavenly-body are natural bodies, NOT artificially made objects such as spaceships or communications satellites.  Examples: the sun, polaris--the-star, planet-pluto, moon-of-earth.")

;;; helicopter
(isa helicopter product-type)
(isa helicopter existing-object-type)
(genls helicopter transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls helicopter container-product)
(genls helicopter air-transportation-device)
(comment helicopter "The collection of rotary wing, self-powered mechanical devices that fly.")

;;; hemispheres-and-calendars
(isa hemispheres-and-calendars shared-note)
(comment hemispheres-and-calendars "calendar-seasons are defined by the Gregorian calendar and are synchronized with the equinoxes and solstices.  season-of-year instances are climatic seasons, events characterized by the weather in a given region.  The relationship between season-of-year instances and calendar-seasons depends upon the hemisphere (or, more precisely, upon the lattitude.)  In the northern hemisphere, north of the tropics, a calendar-summer will significantly intersect with the a summer-season each year.   But in the southern hemisphere, that same calendar-summer (which is the same in both hemispheres) will intersect with what is locally, weatherwise, a winter-season.")

;;; herbivore
(isa herbivore existing-object-type)
(genls herbivore animal)
(comment herbivore "The collection of animals that do not eat other animals, or parts of animals, but instead eat plants or plant parts.  ruminant and its subsets deer and sheep are subsets of herbivore.")

;;; herd-animal
(isa herd-animal existing-object-type)
(genls herd-animal animal)
(comment herd-animal "A subset of animal; the collection of all large plant-eating animals that travel and graze in social

groups.  Elements of herd-animal also belong to herbivore; they include most instances of ruminant and may also include

Triceretops.")

;;; hertz
(isa hertz unit-of-frequency)
(isa hertz standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa hertz unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa hertz frequency)
(result-isa hertz rate)
(result-isa hertz scalar-interval)
(args-isa hertz cyc-system-real-number)
(comment hertz "A Cyc function, specifically an individual-denoting-function.  hertz represents the basic unit of measure for elements of frequency (1 Hz=1 cycle per second).  (hertz NUM) denotes the frequency NUM cycles per second.")

;;; high-amount-fn
(isa high-amount-fn generic-value-function)
(result-isa high-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa high-amount-fn primitive-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl high-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(comment high-amount-fn "high-amount-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of individual-denoting-function.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called generic values for a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (high-amount-fn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a high amount of' ATT in the current context.  A high amount of ATT is more than (medium-amount-fn ATT) but less than (very-high-amount-fn ATT).")

;;; highway
(isa highway existing-object-type)
(genls highway path-for-wheeled-vehicles)
(comment highway "The subcollection of path-for-wheeled-vehicles that contains all highways, inside or outside cities.")

;;; hindi-language
(isa hindi-language living-language)
(comment hindi-language "Language spoken in the Indic area.")

;;; holdings
(isa holdings existing-object-type)
(genls holdings group)
(comment holdings "A collection of sets of objects, tangible or intangible, which have some special financial, scientific, cultural, or educational value.  An instance of holdings is a set of objects kept and usually maintained by some agent for their value, or to preserve the objects, or to make them available for public display or use (as in a museum's `holdings' or a library's `holdings').  The elements in a group of holdings may or may not be all of a similar type (e.g., books, paintings).  An agent's holdings may or may not all be kept in the same location.")

;;; holiday
(isa holiday script-type)
(isa holiday temporal-object-type)
(genls holiday human-activity)
(genls holiday event)
(comment holiday "Each holiday is an event wherein social celebrations and/or rituals are performed, typically lasting for one days-duration and typically coinciding with a calendar-day.  While holidays are often annual-events, they may also be one-time events or scheduled in some other manner.  They are also contextual, as different nationalities, eras, etc. celebrate different ones.")

;;; holiday-season
(isa holiday-season temporal-object-type)
(genls holiday-season event)
(comment holiday-season "Instances of holiday-season are events which encompass the activities around a holiday (or group of holidays).  The clearest example is christmas-season.  While the exact boundaries of a holiday-season may be vague, it is nonethless a useful concept; in fact, much of the usefulness comes from that very fuzziness: it is hard to define exactly, but there are many things worth saying about it.")

;;; hope
(isa hope feeling-attribute-type)
(genls hope feeling-attribute)
(comment hope "Expectation of fulfillment or success.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; horizon
(isa horizon existing-object-type)
(genls horizon place)
(comment horizon "The collection of all horizons, each being the far-off region within a few degrees of the horizontal plane, where the sky appears to join the distant landscape.   The horizon is always relative to a particular point of observation.")

;;; horizontal-direction
(isa horizontal-direction terrestrial-direction)
(comment horizontal-direction "The element of vector-interval that comprises all the vectors which are perpendicular to up--directly and down--directly.")

;;; horizontal-orientation
(isa horizontal-orientation orientation-attribute)
(comment horizontal-orientation "(orientation OBJECT horizontal-orientation) means that OBJECT is horizontal with respect to the current instance of frame-of-reference.  A linear (long-and-thin) object is horizontal if and only if its longest axis lies in the horizontal plane.  A planar (sheet-shaped) object is horizontal if and only if its two longest axes lie in the horizontal plane.  Typically, horizontal objects include dinner plates, mousepads, ice skating rinks, parking lots, and stratus clouds.")

;;; horse-power
(isa horse-power unit-of-power)
(isa horse-power unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa horse-power physical-attribute)
(result-isa horse-power scalar-interval)
(args-isa horse-power cyc-system-real-number)
(comment horse-power "An english unit of power.  The power that, roughly, a single workhorse can continually supply")

;;; hospital
(isa hospital existing-object-type)
(genls hospital medical-care-institution)
(genls hospital local-customer-contact-point)
(genls hospital medical-care-organization)
(comment hospital "Local (at one site) organizations composed of physicians, support personnel, and usually also administrators.  The main function of the organization is to provide medical care (short or long term) to a number of patients/clients, for a fee if the patient/client is able to pay.  A clinic services out-patients, while a hospital has in-patients.  A hospital may have a clinic as a sub-organization, though.")

;;; hospital-care-event
(isa hospital-care-event temporal-object-type)
(isa hospital-care-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls hospital-care-event medical-care-event)
(comment hospital-care-event "What happens when you are in the hospital being treated for a disease like Cancer or Hepatitis or AIDS, or recovering from Surgery.  This is not just a medical-care-event which happens in a hospital; it's the whole event meant by a hospital stay.  Also see hospital-room-stay which only represents the stay in the room.")

;;; hostile-social-action
(isa hostile-social-action temporal-stuff-type)
(isa hostile-social-action default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls hostile-social-action purposeful-action)
(genls hostile-social-action social-occurrence)
(comment hostile-social-action "The collection of all hostile or pugnacious events, adverse to someone, in which multiple agents take part, at least one of whom is acting deliberately.  See also purposeful-action.  An element of this collection is assassination-of-president-lincoln.")

;;; hostility
(isa hostility feeling-attribute-type)
(genls hostility feeling-attribute)
(comment hostility "A feeling of strong antagonism towards another agent, organization, or group, sufficient to motivate harmful speech or actions against them.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than hostility include feelings of hate.")

;;; hot-air-balloon
(isa hot-air-balloon product-type)
(isa hot-air-balloon existing-object-type)
(genls hot-air-balloon air-transportation-device)
(genls hot-air-balloon container-product)
(comment hot-air-balloon "The collection of all hot-air buoyant balloons, air-transportation-devices that usually lack a motor or a means of steering.  Each consistes of a gas-bag into which hot air is introduced, and from which a basket or passenger compartment hangs.")

;;; hour-fn
(isa hour-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa hour-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa hour-fn calendar-hour)
(arg1-isa hour-fn non-negative-integer)
(arg2-isa hour-fn calendar-day)
(comment hour-fn "(hour-fn ?H ?D) denotes a calendar-hour -- in particular, hour number ?H (military time) of day ?D.  For example, (hour-fn 18 (day-fn 14 (month-fn february (year-fn 1966)))) denotes 6pm Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; hour-of-day-type
(isa hour-of-day-type cyclical-interval-group-type)
(genls hour-of-day-type temporally-disjoint-interval-type)
(genls hour-of-day-type time-of-day-type)
(comment hour-of-day-type "A collection of collections. Instances hour-of-day-type are 24 canonical subsets of calendar-hour, such as time-of-day-8-a-m.  This is a proper subset of time-of-day-type, which could include larger or smallers times of the day, such as `before noon' (which in Cyc in named time-of-day--a-m).")

;;; hourly-work
(isa hourly-work work-status)
(comment hourly-work "An attribute; an element of work-status.  The attribute of being paid an hourly rate for work done.")

;;; hours-duration
(isa hours-duration unit-of-time)
(isa hours-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa hours-duration unit-of-measure)
(result-isa hours-duration scalar-interval)
(result-isa hours-duration time--quantity)
(args-isa hours-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment hours-duration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.  An expression of the form (hours-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min hours and at most ?max hours.  (hours-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num hours.")

;;; household-appliance
(isa household-appliance existing-object-type)
(genls household-appliance mechanical-device)
(genls household-appliance powered-device)
(genls household-appliance h-o-c-object)
(comment household-appliance "A collection of devices, a subset of mechanical-device. It includes those mechanical devices typically found inside a human-residence.  An instance of household-appliance is a device used in one of the tasks typically carried on in a home, such as food preparation, food storage, laundry, household cleaning, personal cleaning, cooling or heating the house for comfort, etc.  Examples include elements of the collections oven, refrigerator, clothes-dryer,  vacuum-cleaner, hot-water-heater, furnace.  Note that a bed, which naively is thought of as having no moving parts, is not a mechanical device, and hence not a household-appliance --- the same is true for most chairs, tables, sofas, and other articles of furniture.")

;;; human-activity
(isa human-activity temporal-object-type)
(isa human-activity script-type)
(genls human-activity animal-activity)
(comment human-activity "A collection of events.  Each element of human-activity is an activity that is performed by some instance(s) of person.")

;;; human-adult
(isa human-adult conventional-classification-type)
(isa human-adult existing-object-type)
(genls human-adult person)
(genls human-adult adult-animal)
(comment human-adult "The collection of human beings old enough to participate as independent, mature members of society.  Since different societies have different age or maturity requirements for people to be considered adults, different axioms in various society-specific microtheories express these requirements.  For most modern, Western, middle-class,... purposes, e.g., the current view is that anyone over 18 is an adult.  In many cultures, adulthood occurs when one reaches puberty.  Adulthood is contiguous-after childhood; that is, a person is a human-child for a while, and then is a human-adult.")

;;; human-child
(isa human-child existing-object-type)
(genls human-child 
  (juvenile-fn person))
(comment human-child "The collection of all persons in the childhood stage of life.  Functionally, this ends when the child begins to take responsibility for themselves, work, have children of their own,... or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people reach those milestones.  Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to teenage years.   This is highly dependent on context, of course; childhood in Shakespeare's culture ended around age 12.")

;;; human-culture-type
(isa human-culture-type collection)
(genls human-culture-type conventional-classification-type)
(genls human-culture-type existing-object-type)
(comment human-culture-type "A collection of all collections.  Each human-culture-type is a set of persons with its own distinctive culture.  Some elements of human-culture-type are:  french-person, ethnic-group-of-australian-aborigines, etc.")

;;; human-cyclist
(isa human-cyclist collection)
(genls human-cyclist person)
(genls human-cyclist cyclist)
(comment human-cyclist "Cyclists who are also human (not androids)")

;;; human-family-name-string
(isa human-family-name-string i-d-string-type)
(genls human-family-name-string i-d-string)
(genls human-family-name-string human-name-string)
(comment human-family-name-string "The collection of family name strings such as ``Lenat'', ``Jones'', etc., which are given as last names (in most Western countries), usually at birth.
Note: elements of this collection are really just character strings, not concepts like TheNameSmith that represent character strings.")

;;; human-given-name-string
(isa human-given-name-string i-d-string-type)
(genls human-given-name-string i-d-string)
(genls human-given-name-string human-name-string)
(comment human-given-name-string "The collection of non-family name strings such ``Betty'' and ``Phillip'' which are given as first or middle names (in most Western countries), usually shortly after birth.   This also includes nicknames like ``Red'' or ``The Refrigerator''.
Note: elements of this collection are really just character strings, not reified concepts like ''TheNameBetty'' that might be used to represent character strings.")

;;; human-infant
(isa human-infant existing-object-type)
(genls human-infant human-child)
(comment human-infant "The collection of persons in the infant stage of life.  Functionally, this ends when the infant learns to walk (even just toddle) and/or talk (even a few words)... or, at latest, when the person's age greatly exceeds that at which most people develop those skills.  Generally, this means that it spans the period from birth to about 12 - 18 months old.  One of the subsets of this collection is newborn-baby.")

;;; human-name-string
(isa human-name-string i-d-string-type)
(genls human-name-string i-d-string)
(genls human-name-string proper-name-string)
(comment human-name-string "This is the class of names which human beings give themselves.  See two of its important subsets, human-given-name-string and human-family-name-string, for examples.")

;;; human-occupation-construct
(isa human-occupation-construct existing-object-type)
(genls human-occupation-construct container-product)
(genls human-occupation-construct humanly-occupied-spatial-object)
(genls human-occupation-construct construction-artifact)
(comment human-occupation-construct "A collection of places.  Each human-occupation-construct is a place where people do things, such as: the Empire State Building, an individual office in that building, the White House, the Lincoln Bedroom in the White House, an elevator, a tent, etc.

An instance of human-occupation-construct is an artificial construction belonging to the collection container-product, and its primary-function is as a place in which humans perform activities.  Some large subsets include 
   (a) instances of human-shelter-construction (e.g., houses); 
   (b) sub-regions within a human-shelter-construction or within any building which are intended for human use (e.g., rooms, shower stalls), and 
   (c) regions in any transportation vehicle which are designed for human occupancy (e.g., the cockpit, passenger compartment).  

Note:  Some buildings which are not themselves instances of human-occupation-construct, such as hoover-dam, may have a sub-region which is a human-occupation-construct (e.g., the control room at the top of the dam).

Note:  The collection human-occupation-construct is broad enough to include tents, boiler rooms, elevator shafts, steam tunnels, and the space inside the lincoln-memorial-in-washington-d-c.  Thus, an instance of human-occupation-construct need not be strictly indoors (q.v.), since indoors is meant to include many characteristics that those places do not necessarily share (such as humanly comfortable temperature, lighting at night, not terribly noisy or windy, clean).  We therefore do not make the default assertion that a human-occupation-construct is indoors; however, an instance of human-occupation-construct is certainly not a purely outdoor-location (q.v.), so we DO assert that those two collections are disjoint.  Certain subsets of human-occupation-construct, however, do have `indoor' characteristics, and so we assert (for example) that anything found inside instances of room-in-a-construction or modern-shelter-construction is found indoors.  Note:  For places designed to be occupied by humans but which are purely outdoor locations (such as elements of lawn, parking-lot, and playground), see humanly-occupied-spatial-object.")

;;; human-occupation-construct-resident
(isa human-occupation-construct-resident existing-object-type)
(genls human-occupation-construct-resident animal)
(comment human-occupation-construct-resident "The collection of those animals that (commonly) reside in human-occupation-constructs -- i.e., in structures that also house people.  This mostly just includes domestic pets and people.")

;;; human-residence
(isa human-residence product-type)
(isa human-residence contact-location-type)
(genls human-residence physical-contact-location)
(genls human-residence human-shelter-construction)
(comment human-residence "A collection of construction artifacts.  Each element of human-residence is a humanly constructed shelter (or a part of one) in which humans reside--as opposed to, say, their places of employment (though the two might be the same).  human-residence includes residential huts, igloos, longhouses, hotels, barracks, palaces, houseboats, mobile homes, as well as apartments, duplexes, and detached houses.  A person's residence is typically the place where she/he usually sleeps and keeps most personal effects.")

;;; human-residence-area
(isa human-residence-area existing-object-type)
(genls human-residence-area humanly-occupied-spatial-object)
(genls human-residence-area ecological-region)
(comment human-residence-area "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of human-residence-area is a region in which a number of people live, at least semi-permanently (i.e., for a year or more).  Examples: san-francisco-bay-area, research-triangle-park, research stations at the south-pole, radar posts in the Aleutians.")

;;; human-shelter-construction
(isa human-shelter-construction existing-object-type)
(genls human-shelter-construction human-occupation-construct)
(genls human-shelter-construction shelter-construction)
(genls human-shelter-construction container-product)
(comment human-shelter-construction "A collection of artifacts; a subset of human-occupation-construct.  An instance of human-shelter-construction is a place made to shelter people from the elements by allowing them to get indoors.  Subsets include modern-human-residence, school-building, shopping-mall-building, many others.   An instance of human-shelter-construction must have a roof and typically has sides, though the latter may be flimsy (as in elements of tent-the-shelter) or even absent (as in some elements of parking-garage).")

;;; humanly-occupied-spatial-object
(isa humanly-occupied-spatial-object existing-object-type)
(genls humanly-occupied-spatial-object partially-tangible)
(comment humanly-occupied-spatial-object "A collection of places.  Each element of humanly-occupied-spatial-object is a place that humans occupy, not restricted to (though including) the interiors of things built by humans, such as houses, office buildings, and ships.  humanly-occupied-spatial-object also extends to campsites, caves, villages, and towns.  Examples: Doug Lenat's house, North Austin, the Five Boroughs of New York, Minnesota, the Vatican, an Antarctic research station, and (briefly) the Moon.")

;;; humid-climate-cycle
(isa humid-climate-cycle climate-cycle-type)
(genls humid-climate-cycle annual-climate-cycle)
(comment humid-climate-cycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of humid-climate-cycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) in various continental and subtropical regions.  Characteristics of a humid climate include copious precipitation and high humidity.")

;;; humid-continental-climate-cycle
(isa humid-continental-climate-cycle climate-cycle-type)
(genls humid-continental-climate-cycle temperate-climate-cycle)
(genls humid-continental-climate-cycle humid-climate-cycle)
(comment humid-continental-climate-cycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of humid-continental-climate-cycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) in continental interiors within a temperate climate zone.  Characteristics of a humid continental climate cycle include a warm summer and cold winter, with precipitation throughout.  A good example of a region whose annual climate cycles are instances of humid-continental-climate-cycle is the American Midwest.  Cf. humid-subtropical-climate-cycle.")

;;; humid-subtropical-climate-cycle
(isa humid-subtropical-climate-cycle climate-cycle-type)
(genls humid-subtropical-climate-cycle temperate-climate-cycle)
(genls humid-subtropical-climate-cycle humid-climate-cycle)
(comment humid-subtropical-climate-cycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of humid-subtropical-climate-cycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) within a temperate climate zone.  Characteristics of a humid subtropical climate cycle include a hot summer and a cool winter, with precipitation and moist air throughout.  Cycles of this kind occur closer to the equator than do instances of humid-continental-climate-cycle.  For instance, the Southeastern United States is a good example of a region whose annual climate cycles are instances of humid-subtropical-climate-cycle.")

;;; hungry
(isa hungry order-of-magnitude-interval)
(isa hungry level-of-hunger)
(comment hungry "Hungry")

;;; i-b-o-creation
(isa i-b-o-creation temporal-object-type)
(isa i-b-o-creation script-type)
(genls i-b-o-creation i-b-t-generation)
(genls i-b-o-creation creation-event)
(genls i-b-o-creation information-transfer-event)
(genls i-b-o-creation human-activity)
(comment i-b-o-creation "A collection of events; a subset of i-b-t-generation.  Each element of i-b-o-creation is an event which creates a new IBO (i.e., an element of information-bearing-object).  An IBO is a relatively long-lasting instance of information-bearing-thing.  Examples of i-b-o-creation include publishing a book, making a film, printing a photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a billboard, minting a coin.  When an IBO is created, its content may be either original or be copied from a prior IBO.  For creation of IBOs with new content, e.g., a personal letter, see the subset i-b-t-generation--original; for creation of IBOs with pre-existing content, e.g., reprinting a photograph, see i-b-t-generation--replication.")

;;; i-b-t-copying
(isa i-b-t-copying temporal-object-type)
(genls i-b-t-copying i-b-t-generation--replication)
(comment i-b-t-copying "A collection of events; a subset of i-b-t-generation--replication.  Each element of i-b-t-copying is an event which generates a new IBT (i.e., an element of information-bearing-thing) by copying the information and format from a source IBT (see information-origin).  The new IBT encodes approximately the same information in approximately the same way as the source IBT.  Examples: photocopying a document, faxing a document, duplicating a videotape.")

;;; i-b-t-generation
(isa i-b-t-generation temporal-object-type)
(genls i-b-t-generation action)
(genls i-b-t-generation transfer-out)
(genls i-b-t-generation information-transfer-event)
(comment i-b-t-generation "A collection of information transfer events.  Each element of i-b-t-generation is an event which creates some information-bearing thing--thus, an event in which some idea or information is expressed.  In elements of i-b-t-generation, the particular IBT (i.e., element of information-bearing-thing) which is created may be either a transient wave phenomenon (e.g., made of sound, light, or radio waves), or it may be a relatively long-lasting instance of information-bearing-object (cf. i-b-o-creation).  Humans frequently generate such IBTs as spoken language, gestures, and handwritten notes.  It is irrelevant for elements of i-b-t-generation whether there is another agent who immediately (or, indeed, ever) accesses the resulting IBTs.  Note the difference: reading is NOT an IBT generation event, but writing (usually) is.  IBTs may be generated intentionally or unintentionally.  Also, every communication act starts with an instance of i-b-t-generation.  See also: communicating and its subsets, esp. communication-act--single.")

;;; i-b-t-generation--original
(isa i-b-t-generation--original default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa i-b-t-generation--original temporal-object-type)
(genls i-b-t-generation--original human-activity)
(genls i-b-t-generation--original i-b-t-generation)
(genls i-b-t-generation--original purposeful-action)
(comment i-b-t-generation--original "A collection of events; a subset of i-b-t-generation.  Each element of i-b-t-generation--original is an event in which some original idea is expressed; that is, the content of the IBT generated is not a copy of the content of a previously created information-bearing thing.  See also i-b-t-generation, communicating.")

;;; i-b-t-generation--replication
(isa i-b-t-generation--replication temporal-object-type)
(genls i-b-t-generation--replication i-b-t-generation)
(comment i-b-t-generation--replication "A collection events; a subset of i-b-t-generation.  Each element of i-b-t-generation--replication is an event in which a new IBT (i.e., an information-bearing-thing) is created whose content is based on that of a preexisting IBT (which is the information-origin of the generation event).  The new IBT contains at least part of the information content of the original IBT.  It may use the same or a different way of encoding the information.")

;;; i-b-t-recoding
(isa i-b-t-recoding script-type)
(isa i-b-t-recoding temporal-object-type)
(genls i-b-t-recoding i-b-t-generation--replication)
(comment i-b-t-recoding "A collection of events; a subset of i-b-t-generation--replication.  Each element of i-b-t-recoding is an event which generates a new IBT (i.e., an element of information-bearing-thing), by taking information from a source IBT (see information-origin), encoding it a new way, and incorporating it into a new information-bearing thing (see ibt-generated).  Elements of i-b-t-recoding may be done either by agents (e.g., people) or by non-agents (e.g., record players, or computers running translation software).  Recoding the content of a pre-existing IBT presupposes some instance of accessing it (i.e., of accessing-an-i-b-t).")

;;; i-d-document
(isa i-d-document existing-object-type)
(genls i-d-document official-document)
(comment i-d-document "A collection of official documents.  Each element of i-d-document is an accepted credential for identifying some object.  Important subsets of i-d-document include passport, driver-license, social-security-card.  Other examples include student ID cards, dog tags (worn by military personnel), dog tags (worn by dogs), authentication certificates for a work of art or an antique.")

;;; i-d-string
(isa i-d-string i-d-string-type)
(genls i-d-string character-string)
(comment i-d-string "A collection of objects; a subset of character-string.  Each element of i-d-string is a character string which is used to denote a specific object in some identification mapping; for example, instances of model-number (e.g., ``JHS146973S2''), or instances of postal-code (e.g., ``78751'').  See also denoted-object-fn and object-i-d.")

;;; i-d-string-type
(isa i-d-string-type collection)
(genls i-d-string-type object-type)
(comment i-d-string-type "A collection of collections.  Each element in i-d-string-type is a collection of character strings which is a subset of i-d-string (q.v.).  A few instances of i-d-string-type: product-name, product-version, e-mail-address, phone-number, postal-code.")

;;; illocutionary-force
(isa illocutionary-force object-type)
(genls illocutionary-force propositional-information-thing)
(genls illocutionary-force supposed-to-be-microtheory)
(comment illocutionary-force "A collection of pieces of information; a subset of propositional-information-thing.  Each element of illocutionary-force is a specialized component of a communication; its function is to indicate how the speaker in a communication wants the agent(s) whom s/he is addressing to understand, and respond to, the situation--i.e., the state of affairs--described in that communication.  Isolating the `illocutionary force' of a communication allows us to characterize the intention of a speaker; e.g., whether s/he means to assert that the described state of affairs in fact holds; or to express a desire that such a state of affairs hold; or to command someone to make that state of affairs hold; or to offer to make the state of affairs hold.  S/he may even intend to make something true by stating it (e.g., ``I name this ship `The Intrepid'.''). 
Usually, apprehending a speaker's intention is important for understanding what s/he means and what s/he intends the hearer to do.  Although illocutionary forces can be represented propositionally, they are not generally communicated so explicitly.  For example, questions in English are typically communicated by inverting subject-object word order and raising one's intonation at the end of the utterance.  (The intonation marker so strongly indicates a question that it may suffice without the inverted word order, as in `You are going tonight' uttered with a rising intonation.)  Commands in English typically have an (unexpressed) understood subject and perhaps a forceful tone.  In every culture and language there are conventional sets of commonly used illocutionary forces which would be the subsets of illocutionary-force for that culture; e.g., in English, they include inform contexts, request, offer, promise, and query.
Note: although in this comment illocutionary-force is explained in terms of utterances, it applies to communication generally; so `speaker' and `listener' should be broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also communicating, communication-act--single.  The portion of a communication's information content that represents the illocutionary force is indicated using component-i-f.")

;;; illumination-mode-attribute
(isa illumination-mode-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls illumination-mode-attribute attribute-value)
(comment illumination-mode-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of illumination-mode-attribute describes something about the type of illumination falling on a region or an object.  For example, direct-illumination, indirect-illumination, reflected-illumination, part-direct-part-indirect.")

;;; immediate-weather-process
(isa immediate-weather-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa immediate-weather-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls immediate-weather-process weather-event)
(comment immediate-weather-process "The collection of meteorological events of a duration shorter than seasonal processes.  A particular hurricane event, for example, might be characteristic of a seasonal process for a region; but the hurricane event itself is an instance of immediate-weather-process.  Another example of an immediate-weather-process is a single lightning-event.  (Cf. annual-climate-cycle.)")

;;; inanimate-object--natural
(isa inanimate-object--natural existing-object-type)
(genls inanimate-object--natural inanimate-thing--natural)
(comment inanimate-object--natural "A collection of natural (i.e. not man-made) objects. It is a subclass of inanimate-thing--natural, distinguished from it mainly by only having subclasses which are existing object-types. Thus, celestial-object would be a subclass of this collection, but dirt would not.")
(synonymous-external-concept inanimate-object--natural s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NATURAL-OBJECT")

;;; inanimate-thing
(isa inanimate-thing existing-object-type)
(genls inanimate-thing tangible-thing)
(comment inanimate-thing "A collection of tangibles.  Each element of inanimate-thing is a tangible thing which is not a living structure.  Examples: yale-university, the statue-of-liberty, a U.S. ten-dollar bill, the moon-of-earth, a safety pin.")
(synonymous-external-concept inanimate-thing s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INANIMATE-OBJECT")

;;; inanimate-thing--natural
(isa inanimate-thing--natural temporal-stuff-type)
(genls inanimate-thing--natural inanimate-thing)
(comment inanimate-thing--natural "A collection of tangibles. Each element of inanimate-thing--natural is an inanimate-thing that is not man-made. Thus, the moon-of-earth and  the atlantic-ocean belong to this class, but the arc-de-triomphe does not.")

;;; inch
(isa inch f-p-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa inch unit-of-distance)
(isa inch unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa inch distance)
(result-isa inch scalar-interval)
(args-isa inch cyc-system-real-number)
(comment inch "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the inch used to measure length within the British (FPS) system.  See also f-p-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; incurring-an-injury
(isa incurring-an-injury script-type)
(genls incurring-an-injury single-doer-action)
(genls incurring-an-injury animal-activity)
(genls incurring-an-injury incurring-damage)
(comment incurring-an-injury "A collection of events.  An instance of incurring-an-injury is an event in which an animal becomes injured.  In such events, the animal which is hurt is the bodily-acted-on in the event.  The condition which results of an instance of incurring-an-injury would be an instance of injury-condition (q.v.).  Also see the comment on ailment-condition.")

;;; incurring-damage
(isa incurring-damage script-type)
(genls incurring-damage physical-event)
(genls incurring-damage intrinsic-state-change-event)
(comment incurring-damage "The collection of events in which some sort of damage is incurred to a person or property.")

;;; independent-country
(isa independent-country spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls independent-country country)
(comment independent-country "A collection of geopolitical entities. Each element of independent-country is a distinct, independent geopolitical entity generally recognized by the international community. An independent country typically has a (relatively) stable government and enforced borders, its own currency, laws, culture, etc. Examples: united-states-of-america, germany, liberia, mongolia--peoples-republic, india, taiwan--republic-of-china, honduras.")

;;; independent-organization
(isa independent-organization existing-object-type)
(genls independent-organization organization)
(comment independent-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of independent-organization is an organization which is not affiliated with any chain-organization and that is not a sub-organization of any other organization.  An independent organization is neither the top-level organization of a chain, nor a lower level organization in a chain, nor is it an element of chain-organization.  Note, however, that an independent-organization may have several locations within a small geographical region; e.g., Texas French Bread (a single, independent business) has multiple locations in Austin, TX.")

;;; indexed-info-source
(isa indexed-info-source object-type)
(genls indexed-info-source abstract-information)
(comment indexed-info-source "The collection of all 
information sources in which the information contained theirein 
is indexed by some set of terms, names, character-strings, 
i-d-numbers or codes.   Given such an index term, there is a 
specific part of the indexed-info-source associated with that 
term.  Each instance has some format or organizing structure 
imposed on the information, although the format might not be 
intrinsically ordered..  An instance of indexed-info-source 
is the abstract informational content of the source, not any 
particular physical object in which the information is stored.  
Examples include a dictionary, thesaurus, 
database--abstract-content, or a knowledge-base.  Some examples that do not qualify are painting-as-art-form, or a character-string without any structuring information about it or that has no 
structure beyond being a string of characters.")

;;; indexical-concept
(isa indexical-concept collection)
(genls indexical-concept thing)
(comment indexical-concept "indexical-concepts are those 
whose referent essentially depends on the occasion of use and 
the user, e.g., now, I, Here. When I use the concept 'I,' I 
am referring to myself (o-keefe), but 'I' does not mean 
o-keefe, but refers to whomever the user is. Similarly, now denotes the moment in which it used.")
(overlapping-external-concept indexical-concept s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RELATIVE-SPATIAL-TEMPORAL")

;;; individual
(isa individual collection)
(genls individual thing)
(comment individual "individual is the collection of all things that are NOT sets or collections.  Thus, individual includes (among other things) physical objects, temporal subabstractions of physical objects, numbers, relations, and groups (see group).  An element of individual may have parts or a structure (including parts that are discontinuous); but NO instance of individual can have elements or subsets.

Important distinction:  Though an element of individual may have parts (e.g., physical-parts or group-members), that individual is NOT the same thing as the collection containing those same parts.  For example, your car is an individual, but the collection of all the parts of your car is an instance of collection.  The latter -- the collection of parts of your car -- is an abstract collection; it doesn't have a location, it doesn't have a top speed, etc. -- it's just a collection! -- but it does have subsets, supersets, and members.  Similarly: `Bill Clinton's immediate family' is an individual; however, the collection of persons who belong to that family is a collection. One final example: A company belongs to individual and is distinct from the collection of its employees (which isa collection).")

;;; individual-agent
(isa individual-agent existing-object-type)
(genls individual-agent agent)
(comment individual-agent "The collection of all individuals belonging to the collection agent.  Each person, each animal, etc., is an element of individual-agent, in most contexts.  Note that instances of organization will in general NOT be elements of individual-agent.")

;;; individual-denoting-function
(isa individual-denoting-function relation-type)
(genls individual-denoting-function non-predicate-function)
(comment individual-denoting-function "The collection of all Cyc functions which return elements of individual.  Examples: perimeter-fn, interior-fn, goal-fn, medal-award-ceremony-fn, all return particular individuals when applied to their proper arguments; e.g., (interior-fn lincoln-memorial-in-washington-d-c) designates the particular space inside the Lincoln Memorial.  Cf. collection-denoting-function.")

;;; indonesia--the-nation
(isa indonesia--the-nation independent-country)
(isa indonesia--the-nation entity)
(comment indonesia--the-nation "The country of Indonesia, which comprises 13500 islands. Includes both physical and political aspects.")

;;; infection
(isa infection physiological-condition-type)
(genls infection ailment-condition)
(comment infection "A collection of ailments; a subset of ailment-condition.  An instance of infection is a disease condition in which microorganisms are abnormally present (or abnormally numerous) within an animal's body.  The microorganisms involved in an infection may be some instance of the collections bacterium, virus, or protista-kingdom.  Specialized subsets of infection include: bronchitis, tonsillitis, sexually-transmitted-infection (which has further subsets).  A particular case of tonsilitis is thus an element of the collection infection.")

;;; infection-fn
(isa infection-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa infection-fn infection-type)
(result-genl infection-fn infection)
(arg1-isa infection-fn existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl infection-fn animal-body-part)
(comment infection-fn "infection-fn is a Cyc function, and in particular a collection-denoting-function.  It is used to decribe ailments according to the region of the animal's body in which they are found.  (infection-fn REGION) denotes the collection of infections of the region of the body, REGION.  For example, (infection-fn throat) is the set of all throat infections, and hence a subset of infection.  When you get a case of strep throat, that is an element of (infection-fn throat).   When you get appendicitis, that is an element of the set represented by (infection-fn appendix--organ-part).")

;;; infection-transmission-event
(isa infection-transmission-event temporal-object-type)
(isa infection-transmission-event script-type)
(genls infection-transmission-event intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls infection-transmission-event generalized-transfer)
(comment infection-transmission-event "The collection of events in which some instance of infection is transmitted from one member of biological-living-object to another.")

;;; infection-type
(isa infection-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls infection-type physiological-condition-type)
(comment infection-type "Elements are the subsets of infection.  This type collection may be removed from the KB.")

;;; inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate
(isa inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate predicate-category)
(isa inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate collection)
(genls inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate bookkeeping-predicate)
(comment inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate is a predicate involved in assertions used by the Cyc application to direct inferencing.  Examples: defn-iff, defn-sufficient, term-of-unit, after-adding.")

;;; inflatable-boat
(isa inflatable-boat existing-object-type)
(genls inflatable-boat boat--water-transportation-device)
(comment inflatable-boat "The collection of all inflatable boats, that is, boats (mostly small watercraft) that are composed of some fabric or membrane and are inflated with air to give them buoyancy in water.")

;;; inform
(isa inform object-type)
(genls inform illocutionary-force)
(comment inform "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of inform consists of a piece of information contained (usually implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention to inform the listener that the propositional content of what s/he utters is true.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also illocutionary-force.")

;;; inform--communication-act
(isa inform--communication-act script-type)
(isa inform--communication-act temporal-object-type)
(genls inform--communication-act communication-act--single)
(comment inform--communication-act "The collection of acts of conveying information by means of intentional communication.")
(synonymous-external-concept inform--communication-act s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ASSERTION")
(synonymous-external-concept inform--communication-act s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ASSERTIVE-ACT")

;;; information-adding
(isa information-adding temporal-stuff-type)
(genls information-adding information-updating)
(comment information-adding "A collection of events; a subset of information-updating.  Each element of information-adding is an event in which information is added to the information content of an IBO (i.e., an element of information-bearing-object).  After the action, the IBO which is the information-destination of the update `has' the new information (i.e., info-added).  The resulting information content of that IBO includes both its content immediately prior to the addition, plus the newly added information.  Examples of information-adding: recording a check in the check register of one's checkbook; taking the next photograph on a roll of film; adding a new constant to the cyc-k-b.")

;;; information-bearing-object
(isa information-bearing-object existing-object-type)
(genls information-bearing-object information-bearing-thing)
(genls information-bearing-object composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(comment information-bearing-object "A collection of objects which are both tangible and intangible.  (See also the comment for its superset composite-tangible-and-intangible-object.)  Each element of information-bearing-object is an object that can be interpreted, by an interpreter understanding its conventions, to yield a chunk or chunks of information.  information-bearing-object includes all of the following: (1) artifacts made solely for the purpose of conveying information (e.g., a newspaper, or a children's science video); (2) artifacts that convey information in addition to their intended function (e.g., Neolithic pottery); and (3) non-artifacts, such as a person's fingerprints, gestures, and utterances, which may be interpreted to yield information.  Note: `an IBO' abbreviates `an information bearing object'.  Cf. information-bearing-wave-propagation.  See also contains-information.")

;;; information-bearing-thing
(isa information-bearing-thing collection)
(genls information-bearing-thing temporal-thing)
(comment information-bearing-thing "A collection of temporal objects, including actions and events as well as physical objects.  Each element of information-bearing-thing is an item that carries information, for an interpreter who understands its conventions.  Examples: a copy of the novel `Moby Dick'; a signal buoy; a photograph; a flag; an elevator sign in Braille; a map; a US dollar bill; a resume; an account ledger; a word in ASL; a musical score; the cyc program itself.  Note: `an IBT' abbreviates `an information bearing thing'.  See also specified-information-bearing-thing-type.  For representation of the propositional content of information bearing things, see propositional-information-thing; but note that not all IBTs have a propositional content (cf. art-object).")

;;; information-bearing-wave-propagation
(isa information-bearing-wave-propagation temporal-stuff-type)
(genls information-bearing-wave-propagation wave-propagation)
(genls information-bearing-wave-propagation information-bearing-thing)
(comment information-bearing-wave-propagation "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of information-bearing-wave-propagation is a wave-propagation (q.v.) event that carries information, for an interpreter which understands its conventions.  Examples of information-bearing-wave-propagation include sounds, radio signals, and images of visible light.  These eventlike IBTs should be contrasted with the relatively static, persistent, objectlike IBTs in the collection information-bearing-object.")

;;; information-recording-device
(isa information-recording-device existing-object-type)
(genls information-recording-device physical-device)
(comment information-recording-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of information-recording-device is a device used for the recording of sensory information (i.e., audio and visual, but not encoded as character strings.)  So an instance would be your answering machine at home (an answering-machine), your cam-corder (a video-camera), but NOT your address book or your copy of the Yellow Pages.  
Note: A borderline case is a PDA (such as an Apple Newton) used to record handwritten script.  If it then processes that information and converts it to ASCII characters, it has stopped being an information-recording-device in the currently intended sense.  Probably a better name for this concept, therefore, would be DeviceToRecordAnalogInformation.")

;;; information-recording-process
(isa information-recording-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa information-recording-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls information-recording-process physical-event)
(genls information-recording-process i-b-o-creation)
(comment information-recording-process "A collection of events in which information is recorded, using an information-recording-device.  Every information-recording-process produces an information-bearing-object.")

;;; information-removing
(isa information-removing temporal-stuff-type)
(genls information-removing information-updating)
(comment information-removing "The collection of actions in which information is removed from or erased from an IBO (information-bearing-object).  After the action, the remaining info content, if any, of the IBO acted on is only a part of what it started out to be.  The removed information doesn't go anywhere; after removal it doesn't end up encoded in something else.")

;;; information-transfer-event
(isa information-transfer-event temporal-object-type)
(isa information-transfer-event script-type)
(genls information-transfer-event generalized-transfer)
(comment information-transfer-event "A collection of events.  Each element of information-transfer-event is an event in which information is transferred from a source (information-origin) to a destination (information-destination), both of which are either intelligent agents or IBTs (i.e., elements of information-bearing-thing).  Examples: reading a book (transfer from book to reader); saying something to someone (transfer from speaker to listener); machine translation (transfer from an encoded IBT in the source language to an encoded IBT in the target language); OCR scanning (transfer of info from visual information source to another IBT in different format); carving initials in a tree (transfer from agent to IBT), etc.  Note: this is a generalization of the `mtrans' operator in Roger Schank's Conceptual Dependency theory.")

;;; information-updating
(isa information-updating temporal-stuff-type)
(genls information-updating information-transfer-event)
(comment information-updating "A collection of information transfer events.  Each element of information-updating is an event in which the information content of an IBO (i.e., an element of information-bearing-object) is altered, either by removing or by adding information, or both.  Note that this is possible only for tangible IBOs.")

;;; ingesting
(isa ingesting temporal-stuff-type)
(isa ingesting script-type)
(genls ingesting human-activity)
(genls ingesting directed-translation)
(genls ingesting voluntary-body-movement)
(genls ingesting biological-intake-event)
(genls ingesting bodily-function-event)
(comment ingesting "A collection of events; a subset of biological-intake-event.  Each element of ingesting is a complex process in which a thing is brought into some organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is moved to the organism's stomach.  Every element of ingesting has among its sub-events an instance of swallowing which occurs after the intake.   (Thus, though chewing gum is a biological-intake-event, it is not an ingesting unless the gum is swallowed.)  An ingesting event ends when the ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an instance of digestion-event begins -- provided that what was ingested is an element of edible-stuff).")

;;; ingesting-fn
(isa ingesting-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa ingesting-fn temporal-object-type)
(result-genl ingesting-fn ingesting)
(arg1-isa ingesting-fn stuff-type)
(arg1-genl ingesting-fn partially-tangible)
(comment ingesting-fn "The Cyc function ingesting-fn is a collection-denoting-function.  It is used to represent collections of events in which certain types of things are consumed.  (ingesting-fn STUFFTYPE) denotes the collection of events in which a tangible substance of the type STUFFTYPE is ingested.  For example, lots of instances of (ingesting-fn popcorn) occur at the movies.")

;;; inhaling
(isa inhaling temporal-stuff-type)
(isa inhaling default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls inhaling body-movement-event)
(genls inhaling biological-intake-event)
(comment inhaling "The collection of all body movement events in which an animal takes air in through an appropriate portal (mouth, nose) and passes it into its lungs.  The elements of breathing all have sub-events which are inhalings.")

;;; inorganic-stuff
(isa inorganic-stuff existing-stuff-type)
(genls inorganic-stuff inanimate-thing)
(genls inorganic-stuff tangible-thing)
(comment inorganic-stuff "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of inorganic-stuff is a tangible thing which is wholly composed of one or more types of inorganic molecule.  Instances of inorganic-stuff usually didn't originate as parts or products of living things.")

;;; insect
(isa insect biological-class)
(genls insect arthropod)
(comment insect "A collection of animals; a subset of arthropod.  Each element of insect is a small arthropod whose body is segmented into thirds, with three pairs of legs, and one or two pairs of wings.  The most familiar members of arthropod are the 'bugs' encountered in human daily life.  Some insects bite, some infest houses, and some carry disease.  insect is an instance of biological-class.")

;;; inside-surface
(isa inside-surface region-type)
(genls inside-surface surface--physical)
(comment inside-surface "The collection of all inside surfaces of (surfaces of the interiors of) tangible things.  The tangible thing may have a cavity or several cavities or passageways.  Often the tangible thing can be thought of as a container of some sort.")

;;; instructions
(isa instructions object-type)
(genls instructions propositional-information-thing)
(comment instructions "A collection of executable pieces of information; a subset of propositional-information-thing.  Each element of instructions outlines a sequence of tasks to be performed, such as instructions on a food package, verbal instructions, etc.")

;;; insulator-resistance
(isa insulator-resistance electrical-resistance)
(comment insulator-resistance "A measurable physical attribute.  insulator-resistance is the element of electrical-resistance that represents a very high level of electrical resistance.  An object having insulator-resistance conducts no electricity at all.  See also resistance-of-object.")

;;; insurance-provider
(isa insurance-provider existing-object-type)
(genls insurance-provider service-organization)
(comment insurance-provider "A collection of organizations; a subset of service-organization.  An element of insurance-provider is an organization whose main-function is to provide financial and material protection to its clients in the event of sickness, death, natural disaster, loss, theft, lawsuits, etc.  (Insurers may specialize in one or more of those areas.)  Elements of insurance-provider may belong to either commercial-service-organization or non-profit-organization (including insurance providers belonging to legal-government-organization).  Examples include State Farm Insurance Co., Aetna Casualty Co., Lutheran Brotherhood, and all fifty members of U.S. state-medicaid-administration-organizations.")

;;; intangible
(isa intangible collection)
(genls intangible thing)
(comment intangible "The collection of things that are not physical -- are not made of, or encoded in, matter.  Every collection is an intangible (even if its instances are tangible), and so are some individuals.  Caution: do not confuse `tangibility' with `perceivability' -- humans can perceive light even though it's intangible--at least in a sense.  For more on this issue, see the relevant cyclist-notes.")

;;; intangible-existing-thing
(isa intangible-existing-thing existing-stuff-type)
(isa intangible-existing-thing object-type)
(genls intangible-existing-thing intangible-individual)
(genls intangible-existing-thing partially-intangible)
(comment intangible-existing-thing "The set of things which are intangible yet exist in time.  E.g., the code of conduct for a formal dinner party, the standards for acceptance to Caltech as an undergrad, an account at Sears, etc.")

;;; intangible-individual
(isa intangible-individual object-type)
(genls intangible-individual intangible)
(genls intangible-individual individual)
(comment intangible-individual "The collection of intangible 
individuals, a subset of intangible and of individual.  
The elements of intangible-individual do not have mass, volume, 
color, etc.  E.g., hours, ideas, algorithms, integers, 
distances, and so on. However, as a subset of individual, 
this collection EXCLUDES sets and collections, which are
elements of intangible but not of intangible-individual.")

;;; intangible-object-predicate
(isa intangible-object-predicate predicate-category)
(genls intangible-object-predicate extensional-representation-predicate)
(comment intangible-object-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of intangible-object-predicate is a predicate used in assertions which describe the properties of intangible objects.  For example, knows-about, title-of-head-of-government, religion-of-rule, standard-unit-measuring, territories-controlled.")

;;; integer
(isa integer collection)
(isa integer measurable-attribute-type)
(genls integer real-number)
(genls integer rational-number)
(comment integer "The collection of all whole numbers; a subset of rational-number.  Each element of integer is a whole number, resolvable into units with no fractional remainder.  An integer may be positive (e.g., 42), zero, or negative (e.g., -42).")

;;; intelligent-agent
(isa intelligent-agent existing-object-type)
(genls intelligent-agent agent)
(comment intelligent-agent "The collection of all intelligent agents.  Each element of intelligent-agent is an agent that is capable of having knowledge which it employs in its actions.  An intelligent agent knows-about certain things, and having beliefs (and possibly goals) concerning those things may influence its actions.  In addition to persons, Cyc considers certain social beings, such as business and government organizations, and intelligent machines, to be intelligent agents.  See also agent, performed-by.")

;;; intended-function
(isa intended-function capacity-attribute)
(comment intended-function "An element of capacity-attribute.  The attribute intended-function characterizes an entity participating in a situation as doing so in its intended function.")

;;; intensional-representation-predicate
(isa intensional-representation-predicate predicate-category)
(genls intensional-representation-predicate predicate)
(comment intensional-representation-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of intensional-representation-predicate is a predicate used to form assertions about the properties of collections.  These predicates implement the intensional structure of the ontology; e.g., citizens, units-measuring-this-quantity, has-department-types, granule-of-time, object-type-transported, contrary-feelings.")

;;; inter-actor-slot
(isa inter-actor-slot predicate-category)
(genls inter-actor-slot extensional-representation-predicate)
(genls inter-actor-slot binary-predicate)
(comment inter-actor-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of inter-actor-slot is a binary predicate used in assertions that state the relationship between two actors in some event, actual or implied.  The event in which the actors participate may or may not be explicitly represented in the KB.  For example, (author-of-publication X Y) implies the existence of a writing event in which X is the author and Y is the book written.  Examples: agreeing-agents, artistic-works-created, spouse, worn-on.")

;;; inter-existing-object-slot
(isa inter-existing-object-slot predicate-category)
(genls inter-existing-object-slot binary-predicate)
(genls inter-existing-object-slot extensional-representation-predicate)
(comment inter-existing-object-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of inter-existing-object-slot is a binary predicate used in assertions that relate two elements of something-existing (i.e., two objects).  Examples: sold-at, derived-from, cohabitants, soil-component, contains-information, capital-city, electrically-connected-to.")

;;; inter-personal-relation-slot
(isa inter-personal-relation-slot predicate-category)
(genls inter-personal-relation-slot inter-existing-object-slot)
(comment inter-personal-relation-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of inter-personal-relation-slot is a binary predicate used to represent relationships between two instances of animal.  Examples: mate, friends.")

;;; interconvertible-unit-type
(isa interconvertible-unit-type collection)
(genls interconvertible-unit-type collection)
(comment interconvertible-unit-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of interconvertible-unit-type is a collections of functions (all belonging to unit-of-measure) that are used to measure quantities whose units are convertible into one another.  Some collections of interconvertible units include unit-of-time, unit-of-distance, unit-of-c-p-u-speed.   For example, unit-of-time includes the functions hours-duration and seconds-duration (among others).  Any quantity denoted by applying one of those functions can also be expressed in terms of the other.  For example, (hours-duration 1) equals (minutes-duration 60).  On the other hand, not all the instances of unit-of-measure constitute types of interconvertible units. unit-of-rate is not an element of interconvertible-unit-type; therefore, it does not necessarily follow that quantities denoted by its elements are interconvertible.  For example, times-per-day and miles-per-hour are both elements of unit-of-rate; however, quantities denoted using either function are not convertible into one another.")

;;; interior
(isa interior region-type)
(genls interior piece-of-free-space)
(comment interior "The collection of spatial regions that are physical areas inside the walls or boundary of some object.  The area need not be completely sealed off.  See also cavity which, unlike interior, can include walls.")

;;; interior-fn
(isa interior-fn reifiable-function)
(isa interior-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa interior-fn interior)
(arg1-isa interior-fn tangible-thing)
(comment interior-fn "The function (InteriorFn OBJ), applied to a tangible-thing OBJ, means all the interior space within the cavity or cavites (chambers, passages, pockets, bubbles, etc.) that occur inside of OBJ.  The result is an instance of interior.  An interior, unlike a cavity, does not include the walls of the chamber or passage, just the interior space itself without any of the the enclosing walls, panels or membranes.")

;;; interior-region-fn
(isa interior-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa interior-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa interior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa interior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment interior-region-fn "The function (InteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of the core or inner parts or sections of REGOROBJ, or the interior main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic inside/outside orientation (unlike, say, a loop of thread), but if REGOROBJ is an enveloping part, surface membrane, ring or layer within or on a larger region or object that has its own inside/outside orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's inside portion with respect to the inside and outside of the larger region or object.")

;;; internal-sensory-attribute
(isa internal-sensory-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls internal-sensory-attribute sensory-attribute)
(comment internal-sensory-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of internal-sensory-attribute is a state of a sentient being in which it experiences within itself some somatic or psycho-somatic feeling, urge, or impulse.  An internal sensory attribute differs from an `external' one in that the sensing agent refers the former to itself and the latter to external objects.  internal-sensory-attribute includes states of feeling hungry, thirsty, tired, or in pain, as well as various bodily urges such as the urge to sneeze, burp, or urinate.  Sensory attributes that may occur with more or less intensity are represented by indicating a level-of-pain, level-of-physical-pleasure, level-of-stress, etc.")

;;; international-organization
(isa international-organization existing-object-type)
(genls international-organization organization)
(comment international-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of international-organization is an organization of international `scope' -- that is, one which has substantial operations, physical facilities, or substantial membership in multiple countries.  International organizations may have individual persons, organizations, or countries as members.  They may be political or commercial in nature.  International organizations with countries as members belong to the subset international-organization-of-countries.  Examples of international-organization: united-nations-organization, o-p-e-c, i-b-m-inc.  See also international-org--member-country.")

;;; international-organization-of-countries
(isa international-organization-of-countries existing-object-type)
(genls international-organization-of-countries international-organization)
(comment international-organization-of-countries "A collection of organizations; a subset of international-organization.  An element of international-organization-of-countries is an organization whose members are countries (as represented by their goverments).  Examples: the United Nations, NATO, SEATO, OAU, the League of Arab States, and OPEC.")

;;; interval-after-fn
(isa interval-after-fn reifiable-function)
(isa interval-after-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa interval-after-fn time-interval)
(arg1-isa interval-after-fn temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa interval-after-fn time--quantity)
(comment interval-after-fn "(interval-after-fn T-OBJ DUR) denotes the time-interval which immediately follows T-OBJ, lasting for duration DUR.")

;;; interval-based-quantity-slot
(isa interval-based-quantity-slot predicate-category)
(genls interval-based-quantity-slot quantity-slot)
(genls interval-based-quantity-slot functional-slot)
(comment interval-based-quantity-slot "A collection of binary predicates (i.e., slots).  Flexibility in the representation of quantities is allowed in assertions made with the binary predicates that are elements of interval-based-quantity-slot.  Each of these predicates, like those in their superset quantity-slot, is a binary predicate whose second argument must be an element of scalar-interval, i.e., an interval or point representing the value of some measurement.  For example, take the predicate height-of-object, which relates an object to its vertical length.  Although we suppose that in reality there is only a single distance that is the height of some one particular object, our measurement systems are in practice less precise--and typically we need a measurement only within a certain tolerance.  For example, in measuring the height-of-object of a person, usually a measurement to the nearest inch or centimeter will do.  Or we may be even less detailed in our descriptions, perhaps caring only whether someone is more than four feet tall, or `Tall enough to ride' on an amusement park ride.  By allowing an interval-entry format (qq.v.) in the second argument of the measuring predicate, we are telling Cyc that it's okay to describe the (e.g.) height-of-object in several different ways, with varying levels of precision, SO LONG AS all of the measurements asserted for the same object `overlap'.  For example, it is consistent to say both that Jenny is 4'10'' tall, between four and five feet tall, and that she is `Tall enough to ride' the Dodgems (provided that `Tall enough to ride' is an interval whose minimum is at 4'10'' or lower).  Even though there is only one height of a person in reality, using an interval-based-quantity-slot allows us to represent that height in many different ways, avoiding contradictions while still checking for consistency.  For example, asserting both that Jeff's height-of-object is 5'9'' and in the range 4.5-5.5 feet tall is an inconsistency.")
(synonymous-external-concept interval-based-quantity-slot s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SCALAR-ATTRIBUTE-ASCRIPTION")

;;; interval-before-fn
(isa interval-before-fn reifiable-function)
(isa interval-before-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa interval-before-fn time-interval)
(arg1-isa interval-before-fn temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa interval-before-fn time--quantity)
(comment interval-before-fn "(interval-before-fn ?X ?D) returns the time interval, of duration ?D, immediately preceding ?X.  So the value is a time-interval, it has duration ?D, and  (contiguous-after  ?X  (interval-before-fn ?X ?D)).")

;;; interval-ended-by-fn
(isa interval-ended-by-fn reifiable-function)
(isa interval-ended-by-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa interval-ended-by-fn time-interval)
(arg1-isa interval-ended-by-fn temporal-thing)
(comment interval-ended-by-fn "(interval-ended-by-fn TEMP-OBJ) denotes the time interval which ends when TEMP-OBJ starts.  The beginning of this interval coincides with the beginning of all time (always--time-interval), if it has a beginning.")

;;; interval-entry
(isa interval-entry format)
(comment interval-entry "Arguments to Cyc predicates may have specified formats that constrain their values.  interval-entry is the format used to constrain argument positions that must be filled with measurable quantities.  If interval-entry is the entry format of some Nth argument to a predicate PRED, then all assertions with PRED that contain the same particular values in their other arguments must have, in the Nth (i.e., interval-entry) argument, quantitative values that `overlap'.  (See scalar-interval.)  interval-entry is provided because, for functional arguments like the second argument to volume-of-object, we know that a single `real' value does exist, though we may have various ways of concluding limits on that value in the form of intervals.  As long as all the intervals overlap, those assertions are not contradictory.  For more explanation, see format and the related predicates arg1-format, arg2-format, etc.")

;;; interval-max-fn
(isa interval-max-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa interval-max-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa interval-max-fn scalar-interval)
(comment interval-max-fn "(interval-max-fn SCALAR) returns an interval of the same type as SCALAR whose maximum value is the maximum value of SCALAR and whose minimum value is minus-infinity.  For example, (interval-max-fn (mile 3)) is the same as `the interval from negative infinity miles to three miles'. [Technical Note: if that expression were to denote a strictly absolute, as opposed to a relative-or-absolute, distance, then it would mean `the interval from 0 miles to 3 miles'.]   (interval-max-fn (unity 1)) is the same as `the interval from negative infinity to 1', in other words, `no greater than one'.")

;;; interval-min-fn
(isa interval-min-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa interval-min-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa interval-min-fn scalar-interval)
(comment interval-min-fn "(interval-min-fn SCALAR) returns an interval of the same type as SCALAR whose minimum value is the minimum value of SCALAR and whose maximum value is plus-infinity.  For example, (interval-min-fn (mile 3)) is the same as `the interval from three miles to an infinite number of miles', in other words, `at least three miles'.")

;;; interval-on-number-line
(isa interval-on-number-line measurable-attribute-type)
(isa interval-on-number-line collection)
(genls interval-on-number-line scalar-interval)
(comment interval-on-number-line "A collection of measurable intervals; a subset of scalar-interval.  Each element of interval-on-number-line is an interval on the real number line; for example, the interval described by `numbers greater than zero and less than or equal to 10'.  A common special case of such intervals is that of a single point on that line, viz., a number such as five or 125.  Note that such an interval need not be contiguous; e.g., `even numbers between Pi and the square root of 1000' describes a legitimate element of interval-on-number-line.  The collection real-number is a subset of interval-on-number-line.  The elements of interval-on-number-line are measured by elements of dimensionless-unit-of-measure, e.g., units or percentages.  See also unity, percent, unit-of-measure.")

;;; interval-started-by-fn
(isa interval-started-by-fn reifiable-function)
(isa interval-started-by-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa interval-started-by-fn time-interval)
(arg1-isa interval-started-by-fn temporal-thing)
(comment interval-started-by-fn "(interval-started-by-fn TEMP-OBJ) denotes the time interval which begins when TEMP-OBJ ends.  The end of this interval coincides with the end of all time (always--time-interval), if time has an end.")

;;; intrinsic-axis-of-object
(isa intrinsic-axis-of-object object-type)
(genls intrinsic-axis-of-object vector-interval)
(comment intrinsic-axis-of-object "The collection of all intrinsic axes of objects, being the conventional or obvious axes depending on shape, movement or function of the object.  For example, for a chest-of-drawers, the intrinsic axes are top-to-bottom, side-to-side, and front-to-back.  See also axis-fn.  Each intrinsic axis is a direction relative to the object's orientation.")

;;; intrinsic-state-change-event
(isa intrinsic-state-change-event temporal-object-type)
(genls intrinsic-state-change-event event)
(comment intrinsic-state-change-event "The collection of events which are characterized primarily by a change in some intrinsic property of one main entity involved in the event (i.e., one of the actors).  Such intrinsic changes may include changes of a thing's color, temperature, device state, size, and so on.  Events where the main change is extrinsic (such as a change in location or ownership) are not intrinsic-state-change-events.  In events which have more than one actor, the event may be an intrinsic-state-change-event for one actor but not for another.  For example, in a fastening-safety-belt event, the safety-seat-belt (the device used) goes from unconnected to connected (to itself), which is an intrinsic change; however, the agent who does the fastening (i.e., who is handling-a-device) does not change intrinsically, but only in its configuration to the belt, an external object.  Another example: in a hair-cutting-event, the hair that is barbered undergoes an intrinsic-state-change-event due to its role in that kind of event, but the barber undergoes no intrinsic change due to the hair cutting.

Note: Some events, such as an ice cube melting into a small puddle of water, could be represented in Cyc either as an intrinsic-state-change-event or as a transformation-event but not (within a single micro-theory) as both; see the comments on those constants.")
(synonymous-external-concept intrinsic-state-change-event s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CHANGE-STATE")

;;; inverse-of-interval-fn
(isa inverse-of-interval-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa inverse-of-interval-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa inverse-of-interval-fn scalar-interval)
(comment inverse-of-interval-fn "inverse-of-interval-fn is the unary mathematical function that returns the inverse of the number taken as its argument.  For example, (inverse-of-interval-fn 7) returns 1/7.")

;;; invertebrate
(isa invertebrate organism-classification-type)
(genls invertebrate animal)
(genls invertebrate non-person-animal)
(comment invertebrate "A collection of animals; every element of invertebrate is an animal that has no backbone.  invertebrate includes insects, molluscs, sea squirts, worms (in a large variety of worm phyla), and many others. 

Note: Although invertebrate is a scientific category, it is not a standard taxon in the biological taxonomy, hence it is not an instance of biological-taxon.")
(synonymous-external-concept invertebrate s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INVERTEBRATE")

;;; involuntary-body-movement
(isa involuntary-body-movement temporal-stuff-type)
(isa involuntary-body-movement default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls involuntary-body-movement bodily-function-event--involuntary)
(genls involuntary-body-movement body-movement-event)
(comment involuntary-body-movement "The collection of involuntary bodily movements, those movements in which an animal's body does the action automatically -- the agent's consent doesn't enter into it.  Subsets of involuntary-body-movement include heartbeating, sneezing, snoring, etc.")

;;; irreflexive-binary-predicate
(isa irreflexive-binary-predicate collection)
(isa irreflexive-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(genls irreflexive-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(comment irreflexive-binary-predicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of binary-predicate whose elements represent antireflexive relations.  A predicate F is an element of irreflexive-binary-predicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and, for every X in the domain of F, (not (F X X)).  Examples: spouse, causes, north-of, temporally-disjoint. 
Note this additional restriction: A Cyc predicate F can be an element of irreflexive-binary-predicate only if the type (i.e., arg-Isa) constraint applicable to F's first argument is not disjoint with the type constraint applicable to F's second argument.  See also note-on-argument-typing-and-properties-of-relations.")

;;; isa-vs-main-constituent-vs-constituents
(isa isa-vs-main-constituent-vs-constituents shared-note)
(comment isa-vs-main-constituent-vs-constituents "When to use isa, main-constituent, or constituents.  We develop the following example as a basis for explaining the differences.  

Consider X, where (isa X water). If we add some other substance(s) to X, to the point where the mixture acquires some salient characteristic(s) different from water while retaining all the main properties, then we should assert (main-constituent X W), where W is the original water -- i.e., (isa W water) -- and X is the whole new mixture of W with some other stuff(s).  Suppose we add enough enough other stuff that the physical properties of the mixture become significantly different from those of water; then we should assert only (constituents X W).  

isa - Use isa if X would commonly be referred to as `water', including cases in which a small number of minor characteristics are different due to some admixture.   

Examples (arguably, 3 and 4 are borderline cases): 

1. An instance of (pure-fn water) isa water.  
2. An instance of water--ingestible isa water (but may have trace constituents).
3. An instance of pool-water isa water (but has some chlorine as a salient constituents). 
4. An instance of sea-water isa water (but has some salt--na-cl as a salient constituents).  


main-constituent - Use main-constituent when X contains other substances besides water, would NOT commonly referred to as `water', and yet has MOST of the material properties of water.  As a rule, most of the properties of the main-constituent transfer to the substance it's a part of.  Often such substances have at least one important and/or perceptible characteristic (due to admixture) that is quite different from the properties of water.  

Examples: 

1. An instance of lemonade is NOT called `water' but has water as a main-constituent.  It tastes quite different from water.  It has nutritional (caloric) value.  It is a human-made beverage.  
2. An instance of coffee--beverage is NOT called `water' but has water as a main-constituent.  It tastes quite different from water.  It contains caffeine.  Also, a specific inference about coffee's (lack of) transparency should override the transparency which would otherwise be inferred from the material properties of its main-constituent.  
3. Aqueous hydrochloric acid has many of the properties of its main constituent, water -- for example, transparency, viscosity, density, freezing point, etc.  But it also has the very important difference that it is highly acidic, caustic, etc. -- and attributing to it water's potability would be disastrous.

constituents - Use constituents when X is NOT commonly referred to as `water' and has FEW properties of water, even though X contains water.  

Examples:

1. An instance of (solid-fn gelatin) is NOT called `water', and though it has water among its constituents, gelatin has very few of the properties of water. 
2. An instance of concrete is NOT called `water'; though it has water among its constituents, it has none of the salient characteristics of water.
3. An instance  of mud is NOT called `water' and has few characteristics of water, though water is among its constituents.  Its main-constituent is some portion of soil.")

;;; island
(isa island existing-object-type)
(genls island land-body)
(genls island islands-and-island-group)
(comment island "The collection of all islands, each being a land-body (smaller than a continent) surrounded by water.")

;;; island-area
(isa island-area existing-object-type)
(genls island-area islands-and-island-group)

;;; islands-and-island-group
(isa islands-and-island-group existing-object-type)
(genls islands-and-island-group land-topographical-feature)
(comment islands-and-island-group "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of islands-and-island-group is either an island or a group of islands (see archipelago).  Elements of islands-and-island-group include groups of scattered islands which do not form a natural geographical area; the chief reasons for representing such groups is that they are geopolitical areas and/or were historically significant.  Examples: french-polynesia, cyclades, outer-hebrides--archipelago, grenadines--islands.")

;;; itinerary-document
(isa itinerary-document existing-object-type)
(genls itinerary-document textual-material)
(comment itinerary-document "The collection of documents that contain information about the time/location of each leg of a trip, accomodations, etc.")

;;; january
(isa january month-of-year-type)
(genls january calendar-month)

;;; jealousy
(isa jealousy feeling-attribute-type)
(genls jealousy resentment)
(comment jealousy "Intolerance of rivalry; feeling of suspicion and resentment of one's rivals.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.
Note: envy is related to covetousness, wanting (perhaps in the future) what someone else has; jealousy is related to possessiveness, wanting to keep what is (or was or could have been) already yours.")

;;; job-attribute
(isa job-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls job-attribute attribute-value)
(comment job-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of job-attribute describes a general property of a job or type of job.  Examples of job-attribute include blue-collar, white-collar, and flexible-working-hours.")

;;; job-capacity
(isa job-capacity capacity-attribute)
(comment job-capacity "the attribute of performing something as a job")

;;; joint--animal-body-part
(isa joint--animal-body-part animal-body-part-type)
(genls joint--animal-body-part solid-tangible-thing)
(genls joint--animal-body-part configuration)
(genls joint--animal-body-part animal-body-part)
(comment joint--animal-body-part "The collection of all joints of animals.  A joint is the juncture between the ends or edges of abutting bones of the animal's skeleton.  Joints are of several types mechanically (e.g., ball-and-socket).  Many major joints function as hinges, in which the ends of the abutting bones are joined with ligaments and cushioned by cartilege.")

;;; joint-type-between-fn
(isa joint-type-between-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa joint-type-between-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl joint-type-between-fn configuration)
(arg1-isa joint-type-between-fn existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl joint-type-between-fn partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa joint-type-between-fn existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl joint-type-between-fn partially-tangible)
(comment joint-type-between-fn "(joint-type-between-fn OBJ-TYPE1 OBJ-TYPE2) denotes the class of connections found between objects of type OBJ-TYPE1 and OBJ-TYPE2.  For example, (joint-type-between-fn telephone-body telephone-receiver) is the class of connections between telephone handsets and bodies of telephones.  (joint-type-between-fn humerus radius--bone) would be the class of elbows, but we chose to reify that class (elbow-joint).  joint-type-between-fn is most useful when one needs to refer to a type of connection without creating it and naming it specifically.")

;;; july
(isa july month-of-year-type)
(genls july calendar-month)

;;; junction-of-paths
(isa junction-of-paths situation-type)
(genls junction-of-paths partially-tangible)
(genls junction-of-paths static-situation)
(genls junction-of-paths 
  (group-fn spatial-thing))
(comment junction-of-paths "The collection of junctions of paths, each being an arrangement of two or more links of path--generics such that the parts are in a particular spatial relation to each other (they are all locally connected to each other and join at the place of the junction-of-paths).  It includes the case of two or more paths that 'cross' at a junction, but not the case in which the end of one path simply joins the end of another path.  For junctions in path-systems, see junction-in-system.")

;;; junction-of-pipes
(isa junction-of-pipes region-type)
(genls junction-of-pipes junction-of-paths)
(comment junction-of-pipes "The collection of all junctions of pipes or tubes.  Each junction permits flow between any two pipe--generic-conduits joined at that junction.  At any junction-of-pipes, three or more pipe--generic-conduit segments must be joined, although some joined pipes may loop back to the same junction.")

;;; june
(isa june month-of-year-type)
(genls june calendar-month)

;;; juvenile-animal
(isa juvenile-animal existing-object-type)
(genls juvenile-animal biological-stage-of-development)
(genls juvenile-animal portable-object)
(genls juvenile-animal animal)
(comment juvenile-animal "An element of life-stage-type.  juvenile-animal is the collection of all animals that are not fully grown nor fully mature.")

;;; juvenile-fn
(isa juvenile-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa juvenile-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl juvenile-fn juvenile-animal)
(arg1-isa juvenile-fn organism-classification-type)
(arg1-genl juvenile-fn animal)
(comment juvenile-fn "juvenile-fn is a Cyc function, and in particular a collection-denoting-function.  (juvenile-fn ORGCLASSTYPE) represents that subset of juvenile-animal whose elements are the juveniles of the group of animals denoted by ORGCLASSTYPE.  E.g., (juvenile-fn deer) denotes the collection of all fawns.  Certain kinds of organisms have no juveniles (e.g., the members of amoeba).")

;;; killing--biological
(isa killing--biological temporal-object-type)
(isa killing--biological default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls killing--biological destruction-event)
(genls killing--biological animal-activity)
(comment killing--biological "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, one living organism ends the life of another, either intentionally or unintentionally.")

;;; kilogram
(isa kilogram unit-of-mass)
(isa kilogram standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa kilogram m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa kilogram unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(result-isa kilogram mass)
(result-isa kilogram scalar-interval)
(args-isa kilogram cyc-system-real-number)
(comment kilogram "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of mass in the Metric system (and in Cyc).  See also m-k-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; kilometer
(isa kilometer unit-of-distance)
(isa kilometer unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(isa kilometer m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa kilometer distance)
(result-isa kilometer scalar-interval)
(args-isa kilometer cyc-system-real-number)
(comment kilometer "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the 1000-meter unit used within the Metric system to measure distance.  Modern countries using the metric system measure their roads - and their road races - in kilometers. See also m-k-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; kilometers-per-hour
(isa kilometers-per-hour unit-of-speed)
(isa kilometers-per-hour m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa kilometers-per-hour scalar-interval)
(result-isa kilometers-per-hour speed)
(result-isa kilometers-per-hour vector-interval)
(args-isa kilometers-per-hour cyc-system-real-number)
(comment kilometers-per-hour "(kilometers-per-hour NUMBER) returns a dimensionless rate or speed of NUMBER kilometers per hour.")

;;; kinetic-energy-powered-device
(isa kinetic-energy-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls kinetic-energy-powered-device powered-device)
(comment kinetic-energy-powered-device "A collection of devices; a subset of powered-device.  An instance of kinetic-energy-powered-device does not have an `on-board' energy source incorporated into it, at least not one supplying the bulk of the power requirements of the device.  Instead, its operating power is supplied by the kinetic energy from something else in motion -- such as animal muscle power (including human labor), wind energy, or hydraulic power.  Examples include elements of the collections hammer and piano--acoustic. (Contrast with self-powered-device --- e.g., an electric organ is a self-powered-device, not a kinetic-energy-powered-device.)")

;;; knowledge-base
(isa knowledge-base object-type)
(genls knowledge-base database--abstract-content)
(genls knowledge-base conventional-classification-system)
(comment knowledge-base "A collection of intangible individuals;
a subset of database--abstract-content. Each element
of knowledge-base is a database that attempts to
represent the structure of at least part of the world.
Instances include cyc and s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997.")

;;; lake
(isa lake existing-object-type)
(genls lake body-of-water)
(comment lake "A collection of topographical features.  Each instance of lake is a land-locked body of water, typically but not necessarily of freshwater.  Examples: lake-maracaibo, lake-winnipeg, lake-tanganyika, loch-ness--lake, lake-erie, lake-tahoe.  Note that inland saltwater lakes, commonly referred to as `seas', belong to the collection inland-sea (rather than to lake); e.g., caspian-sea, black-sea, dead-sea.")

;;; land-body
(isa land-body existing-object-type)
(genls land-body topographical-feature)
(comment land-body "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of land-body is a cohesive chunk of land whose extent is principally defined by one or more bordering bodies of water (liquid or frozen).  Types of land-body include the subsets island and continent.  Examples: australia, continent-of-north-america, trinidad--island, crete--island--greece.  Areas of land defined by human occupation or political boundaries, e.g.,  northern-california or northern-ireland, are elements of geographical-region, but not of land-body.")

;;; land-topographical-feature
(isa land-topographical-feature existing-object-type)
(genls land-topographical-feature earth-stuff)
(genls land-topographical-feature solid-tangible-thing)
(genls land-topographical-feature topographical-feature)
(genls land-topographical-feature outdoor-location)
(comment land-topographical-feature "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of topographical-feature is a region of land distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation.   For example, the arabian-peninsula, zion-hill, the san-andreas-fault, the great-smoky-mountains.")

;;; land-transportation-device
(isa land-transportation-device existing-object-type)
(genls land-transportation-device transportation-device)
(comment land-transportation-device "A collection of physical devices. An instance of land-transportation-device is a device used for transportation on land.  Subsets of land-transportation-device include the collections automobile, snowmobile, train-car, horse-carriage, baby-carriage, bicycle, skate-board, and more.")

;;; language
(isa language object-type)
(genls language communication-convention)
(genls language 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT"))
(genls language 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE"))
(comment language "The collection of systems which use conventionalized signs or symbols. This includes dead languages, computer languages, unspoken languages, codes - anything which relates symbols to meaning.")

;;; lateral-region-fn
(isa lateral-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa lateral-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa lateral-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa lateral-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment lateral-region-fn "The function (LateralRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of the flanks or side parts or lateral main sections (away from the mid-line) of REGOROBJ, or the lateral main areas of REGOROBJ as opposed to the medial or middle area; the right and left regions then both include parts of the lateral regions.  lateral-region-fn applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic right/left orientation (unlike, say, a sphere), but if REGOROBJ is a part within a larger region or object that has its own right/left orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's portions farthest from the mid-line (with respect to left and right) of the larger region or object.")

;;; law-enforcement-officer
(isa law-enforcement-officer occupation-type)
(genls law-enforcement-officer public-sector-employee)
(genls law-enforcement-officer professional)
(comment law-enforcement-officer "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of law-enforcement-officer is a person whose job is to prevent, detect, stop, and/or punish people committing illegal activities.  The collection law-enforcement-officer includes local, state, and special police (e.g., transit police), and federal agents (e.g., border patrol, national security agents).  An instance of law-enforcement-officer typically also belongs to one of the following collections: state-employee, local-government-employee, or national-government-employee (see public-sector-employee).")

;;; law-enforcement-organization
(isa law-enforcement-organization existing-object-type)
(genls law-enforcement-organization legal-government-organization)
(comment law-enforcement-organization "The collection of all law enforcement organizations.  An element of law-enforcement-organization is any organization which is legally empowered to enforce laws.  This collection includes police forces, national bureaux of investigation, some forest services, park police, hunting and game commission officers, border-police-organizations, governmental executive protection services, military police, etc.")

;;; layer
(isa layer existing-object-type)
(genls layer sheet-of-some-stuff)
(comment layer "The collection of all layers of things, each layer being a sheet-of-some-stuff that is sheet-surface-connected, or situated adjacent, surface-to-surface, to at least one surface or layer or region on one side, and possibly to other layers or surfaces on both sides.  A layer may be part of a larger object, or it may be an independent whole object such as a hide confined in a stack of hides.  A layer is not a free-sheet.  See the one-sided-vs-two-sided-object-note.")

;;; layered
(isa layered physical-structural-attribute)
(comment layered "The physical structural attribute of being layered, laminate, or made of layers, like stratified rock or an onion.  An object that is layered has two or more parts that are each layers.")

;;; leader
(isa leader position-type)
(genls leader person)
(genls leader intelligent-agent)
(comment leader "A collection of persons.  Each element of leader is a person who heads an instance of organization.  Typically, a leader of an organization makes major decisions on behalf of the whole organization, has the authority to direct the organization's personnel to carry out those decisions, and is empowered to engage or negotiate with external agents to achieve the organization's goals.  This collection includes leaders of sub-organizations, such as department heads within larger organizations.  Also, a single person may be a leader in more than one organization.  In addition, see has-leaders, manager, and senior-executives.")

;;; leap-year
(isa leap-year temporal-object-type)
(genls leap-year calendar-year)
(comment leap-year "The collection of calendar-years which are leap years; i.e., calendar years in which February has 29 days")

;;; learning
(isa learning script-type)
(isa learning temporal-object-type)
(genls learning purposeful-action)
(genls learning composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment learning "The collection of all events, brief or extended, in which an agent is consciously acquiring information or know-how.")

;;; leather
(isa leather existing-stuff-type)
(isa leather product-type)
(genls leather solid-tangible-thing)
(genls leather free-sheet)
(genls leather sheet-of-some-stuff)
(comment leather "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of leather is a piece of tanned animal hide.  Pieces of leather are commonly used as material inputs to the manufacture of shoes, gloves, upholstery, satchels and purses, saddles, etc.")

;;; left-object
(isa left-object existing-object-type)
(genls left-object partially-tangible)
(comment left-object "The collection of objects that are meant for, or are found on and distinctively structured for, the left side of some larger entity or ensemble of parts.  Examples include left hands, left shoes, left automobile turning signals.")

;;; left-region-fn
(isa left-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa left-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa left-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa left-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment left-region-fn "The function (LeftRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the left half or flank or left main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic left/right orientation, or is part of a larger region or object that has a left/right orientation.")

;;; leg
(isa leg symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls leg appendage--animal-body-part)
(comment leg "The collection of all animal appendages used for locomotion overland, supporting the animal and moving it along by walking, running, etc.  Thus wings, fins, etc., are not legs.  The foot--animal-body-part is considered part of the leg")

;;; legal-agent
(isa legal-agent existing-object-type)
(genls legal-agent social-being)
(comment legal-agent "The collection of all legal agents; a subset of agent.  A legal agent is one that has some legal status in a particular legal system.  At the very least, such an agent is recognized by some legal authority as having some kinds of rights and/or responsibilities as an agent (e.g., citizens of Germany), or as being subject to certain restrictions and penalties (e.g., a company that has been blacklisted by Iraq).  Thus, instances of legal-agent include agents that may have property rights, may be taxed, may have a government identification number, may be sued, may have an address, etc. 
Note: membership in this collection is very much dependent upon context.  In some societies, only adult males and various kinds of state-run organizations would be included in legal-agents.")

;;; legal-agreement
(isa legal-agreement existing-object-type)
(genls legal-agreement agreement)
(comment legal-agreement "A collection of microtheories; a subset of agreement.  Each element of legal-agreement is an agreement which has a legal status, i.e., is recognized as a valid agreement by a government.  legal-agreement includes the elements in its subsets sales-contract, public-health-regulations, assumable-loan, patent, insurance-plan, visa--permit, and the different kinds of license -- among many others.")

;;; legal-code
(isa legal-code existing-object-type)
(isa legal-code microtheory-type)
(genls legal-code government-c-o-c)
(comment legal-code "A collection of microtheories.  Each element of legal-code is a microtheory for collecting all the instances of law which hold in a given geopolitical-entity.  For example, legal-code--modern-united-states.")

;;; legal-corporation
(isa legal-corporation existing-object-type)
(genls legal-corporation organization)
(genls legal-corporation legal-agent)
(comment legal-corporation "A collection of businesses.  An element of legal-corporation is a private, legal, corporate entity with the legal rights to own property, manage itself, and sue or be sued.  It is established by a charter or registration granted by a government.  A corporation's owners have stock in it and normally elect its board-of-directors, but are usually not active in its operation nor liable for its debts, crimes, or torts.")

;;; legal-government-organization
(isa legal-government-organization existing-object-type)
(genls legal-government-organization legal-agent)
(genls legal-government-organization organization)
(comment legal-government-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of legal-government-organization is an organization which is a part of, and funded by, the government of a geopolitical entity.  Examples include the internal-revenue-service, united-states-navy, and city-council-of-austin (TX).  Some elements of legal-government-organizations have legal standing in courts.")

;;; legal-holiday
(isa legal-holiday script-type)
(isa legal-holiday temporal-object-type)
(genls legal-holiday holiday)
(comment legal-holiday "The subset of holidays which are typically declared to be holidays by the governments of western countries, and which are therefore days on which most people governed by that government do not work and on which students do not attend classes.  Such holidays may coincide with religious-holidays, especially where there is a government-sanctioned religion.")

;;; legal-professional
(isa legal-professional occupation-type)
(genls legal-professional professional)
(comment legal-professional "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of legal-professional is a person working in the field of law. This collection includes lawyers, judges, paralegals, and law clerks.")

;;; level-of-a-construction
(isa level-of-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls level-of-a-construction space-in-a-h-o-c)
(comment level-of-a-construction "The levels, also called floors or storeys, of a construction-artifact.  Levels are regions in space; they are not two-dimensional planes.")

;;; level-of-discomfort
(isa level-of-discomfort sensory-reaction-type)
(genls level-of-discomfort animal-physiological-attribute)
(genls level-of-discomfort internal-sensory-attribute)
(comment level-of-discomfort "An attribute-type whose elements represent the various levels of discomfort that may be felt by a perceptual agent.  Typically, the agent must be a living entity.  Typically, the sensation is an internal feeling, and is more of a long-lasting dull ache than a sharp pain (see: level-of-pain).")

;;; level-of-exhaustion
(isa level-of-exhaustion physical-urge-type)
(genls level-of-exhaustion internal-sensory-attribute)
(genls level-of-exhaustion animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment level-of-exhaustion "An attribute-type whose elements represent the qualitative degrees of exhaustion that an animal may feel.
Note that this predicate is NOT properly used for any other purpose (e.g., to describe metal fatigue, or the depletion of natural resources, or the gradual inhibition that a single cell devlops to repeated stimuli, etc., even though in English the words `exhaustion' and `fatigue' have those meanings.)  This is a good example of how Cyc's internal representation must, and does, disambiguate different concepts even though they might be metaphors for each other, and even though those distinct meanings might be mixed together at a word level in a natural language like English.")

;;; level-of-hunger
(isa level-of-hunger physical-urge-type)
(genls level-of-hunger internal-sensory-attribute)
(genls level-of-hunger animal-physiological-attribute)
(genls level-of-hunger scalar-interval)
(comment level-of-hunger "A collection of animal-physiological-attributes that express how hungry an animal is (e.g., hungry, not-hungry, starving).  These level-of-hunger attributes are the first argument to the predicate hunger-level-of (q.v.).")

;;; level-of-pain
(isa level-of-pain sensory-reaction-type)
(genls level-of-pain level-of-discomfort)
(comment level-of-pain "An attribute-type whose elements represent the qualitative levels of pain that may be felt by a perceptual agent.  Although the agent is often a living entity, this is not required.  The source of the pain could be either external or internal; in either case, the subjective feeling is generally `sharper' and hopefully shorter-lived than just `a feeling of discomfort' (see: level-of-discomfort.)")

;;; level-of-relaxation-feeling
(isa level-of-relaxation-feeling sensory-reaction-type)
(genls level-of-relaxation-feeling internal-sensory-attribute)
(comment level-of-relaxation-feeling "An attribute-type whose elements represent the qualitative levels of comfort/relaxation/ease that an animal may have.  This feeling is generally internal, and relatively long-lasting (compared with, e.g., the duration of a painful twinge.)  Any positive degree of this level-of-relaxation-feeling is incompatible with a high level of muscle-tenseness, a high level-of-pain, or a high level-of-discomfort.")

;;; lexical-item
(isa lexical-item linguistic-object-type)
(genls lexical-item linguistic-object)
(comment lexical-item "The collection of items which form the lexicon of a language. These include both free morphemes, like 'dog', and bound morphemes, like affixes.")

;;; lexical-word
(isa lexical-word linguistic-object-type)
(genls lexical-word lexical-item)
(genls lexical-word linguistic-object)
(comment lexical-word "The collection of all words. A lexical word is a free morpheme; it need not be bound to another lexical item.  Note that inflectional forms of a word, if there are such, do not constitute distinct words.  Examples of lexical-word: aluminum--the-word, confetti--the-word, to--the-word, confetti--the-word, hang--glide--m-w-w.")
(synonymous-external-concept lexical-word s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "WORD")

;;; life-threatening-condition
(isa life-threatening-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls life-threatening-condition physiological-condition)
(comment life-threatening-condition "A collection of ailments which are distinguished by the shared characteristic that if left untreated, those ailments may cause an organism to die (but will not certainly do so).  Cases of poisoning and of pneumonia are often instances of life-threatening-condition.  Cf. terminal-physiological-condition.  ")

;;; light-intensity
(isa light-intensity primitive-attribute-type)
(genls light-intensity physical-attribute)
(genls light-intensity sensory-attribute)
(genls light-intensity scalar-interval)
(comment light-intensity "A collection of attributes; a subset of scalar-interval.  Each element of light-intensity is a characterization of how brightly illuminated a location is.  (At the low extreme is total darkness.)  The light intensity of a location is indicated with the predicate illumination-level.")

;;; lighting-device
(isa lighting-device existing-object-type)
(genls lighting-device powered-device)
(genls lighting-device physical-device)
(comment lighting-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of lighting-device has the primary-function of providing light.  The light provided may be provided in different ways and for different specialized purposes.  For example, it may be for general illumination of a fixed area (as by instances of candle, lantern, electric-lamp, and streetlight); or it may be for specially directed illumination (as by instances of automotive-light and flashlight); or it may be for use in a signal or sign (as by instances of traffic-light and indicator-light); or it may be for some other special purposes (as by instances of StrobeLight).")

;;; lightning-event
(isa lightning-event temporal-object-type)
(isa lightning-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls lightning-event immediate-weather-process)
(comment lightning-event "The collection of lightning flashes, events in which the atmosphere discharges electricity.")

;;; line
(isa line object-type)
(genls line geometric-thing)
(comment line "A collection of geometical things.  Each instance of line is a one-dimensional path through two- or three-dimensional space, whether curved or straight.  Formally, this is a 1-manifold.")

;;; linguistic-object
(isa linguistic-object linguistic-object-type)
(genls linguistic-object 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT"))
(genls linguistic-object mental-object)
(genls linguistic-object abstract-information)
(comment linguistic-object "The collection of intangible objects which are parts of language systems.  Subsets of linguistic-object include linguistic-object, title, word-sense, sentential-constituent, nonlexical-linguistic-object, linguistic-attribute, etc.)")

;;; linguistic-object-type
(isa linguistic-object-type collection)
(genls linguistic-object-type object-type)
(comment linguistic-object-type "linguistic-object-type is the collection of things which are subsets of linguistic-object.")

;;; link-fn
(isa link-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa link-fn set-or-collection)
(arg1-isa link-fn thing)
(comment link-fn "For each path-system SYS, (link-fn SYS) denotes the set of all links in SYS (see path-system).  Note that the function link-fn and the predicate link-in-system are interdefinable.  We normally use link-fn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can also replace each (link-in-system X SYS) by (element-of X (link-fn SYS)).")

;;; liquid-asset
(isa liquid-asset existing-object-type)
(genls liquid-asset something-existing)
(comment liquid-asset "A collection of objects.  Each element of liquid-asset is either an instance of currency or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing againstit.  Examples: stocks, bonds, money market accounts.")

;;; liquid-fn
(isa liquid-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa liquid-fn tangible-stuff-state-type)
(result-genl liquid-fn liquid-tangible-thing)
(arg1-isa liquid-fn tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(comment liquid-fn "A collection-denoting-function.  liquid-fn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see tangible-stuff-composition-type).  (liquid-fn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in the liquid-state-of-matter.  E.g., the mud in my driveway belongs to the collection (liquid-fn earth-stuff).")

;;; liquid-state-of-matter
(isa liquid-state-of-matter state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous)
(comment liquid-state-of-matter "A basic physical state of matter.  Liquid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by special qualities of flow, such as being pourable and conforming to the bottom of whatever container they occupy.  Examples of things that typically have this attribute are: a `piece' of the Pacific Ocean in the tropics; a lump of mercury at room temperature; the blood in the circulatory system of a living mammal; and some molten silver about to be poured into a teapot mold.")

;;; liquid-tangible-thing
(isa liquid-tangible-thing tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls liquid-tangible-thing fluid-tangible-thing)
(comment liquid-tangible-thing "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of liquid-tangible-thing is a tangible thing which is in a liquid-state-of-matter; i.e., its shape would conform to the bottom of a vessel containing it.  Cf. fluid-tangible-thing and gaseous-tangible-thing.")

;;; list--sequence
(isa list--sequence object-type)
(genls list--sequence tuple)
(comment list--sequence "The collection of all lists or finite sequences of items, as an abstract notion.  A list--sequence is a special kind of tuple that is a finite structure with a first and last member-position, and for each member-postion but the last, there is a succesor member-position.   A list--sequence, like other tuples, allows repetition of its members -- the same item can appear at multiple member-positions in the list.  A list can be viewed formally as a function from a finite index set of counting numbers, beginning with one or zero, into the domain of things or perhaps some more restrictive domain.  Unlike series, list--sequence is purely abstract and the only implied relation between an item and its successor is the successor relation of the list itself.  list--sequence is, technically, more specific than tuple only in that the index set must be the counting numbers in their usual order rather than some other index set.")

;;; list-the-format
(isa list-the-format format)
(comment list-the-format "A Format or datatype.  Multiple copies of entries, & any number of entries, are OK; and order matters; i.e., if you change the order of two different elements of a list, the resultant list is not equal to the original one")

;;; list-without-repetition
(isa list-without-repetition stuff-type)
(genls list-without-repetition totally-ordered-set)
(genls list-without-repetition list--sequence)
(comment list-without-repetition "The collection of all those list--sequences, for each of which, no element appears more than once in the list.  (In general a list--sequence and series may have repeated elements.)  See also series-without-repetition.")

;;; listening-deliberately
(isa listening-deliberately temporal-stuff-type)
(isa listening-deliberately default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls listening-deliberately hearing)
(genls listening-deliberately accessing-an-i-b-t)
(comment listening-deliberately "The collection of events in which an agent deliberately facilitates and does hearing.")

;;; liter
(isa liter unit-of-volume)
(isa liter standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa liter m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa liter unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa liter volume)
(result-isa liter scalar-interval)
(args-isa liter cyc-system-real-number)
(comment liter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the standard unit of capacity in the Metric system (and also in Cyc). See also unit-of-volume, m-k-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; liver
(isa liver unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa liver animal-body-part-type)
(genls liver organ)
(comment liver "The collection of all living animal livers.  Each instance of liver is a large compound internal-organ.  A liver breaks down dead red-blood-cells, removes certain poisons and waste material from the blood stream, creates glycogen from sugars and proteins, stores glycogen, removes certain chemicals from the blood, secretes bile (bile-the-secretion) which is used for digestion,and regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fats.")

;;; living-language
(isa living-language object-type)
(genls living-language natural-language)
(comment living-language "living-language, a subset of natural-language, is the collection of all natural languages which have some native speaker(s).")

;;; local-customer-contact-point
(isa local-customer-contact-point existing-object-type)
(genls local-customer-contact-point single-site-organization)
(genls local-customer-contact-point local-organization)
(comment local-customer-contact-point "A collection of organizations.  Each element of local-customer-contact-point is a single-site organization serving customers in a local area, working from a particular store, office, or other physical quarters where customers (or their agents) go in person to speak with company representatives about the services or products offered.  Elements of local-customer-contact-point may be either stand-alone organizations or sub-organization of a larger company.  Examples of local-customer-contact-point include new-york-hospital, threadgills restaurant, the Bank of America office on Jollyville Road, studtman-photo studios, the Village Cinema on Anderson Lane.")

;;; local-government-organization
(isa local-government-organization existing-object-type)
(genls local-government-organization legal-government-organization)
(genls local-government-organization local-organization)
(comment local-government-organization "A collection of government organizations; a subset of local-organization.  An element of local-government-organization is any government organization -- whether federal, state, county, or municipal -- that is specific to, i.e., has jurisdiction and/or services generally limited to, one (local) location.  For example, a Board of Education of a particular school district is a local-government-organization, because its authority extends to schools in a limited (local) area; in the U.S., such a Board answers to another local-government-organization, typically a city or township government.  In another example, an element of veterans-administration-medical-center is a local organization in terms of its service area, but bureaucratically it belongs to the U.S. Federal government; thus, veterans-administration-medical-center is a subset of both local-government-organization and u-s-federal-government-organization.")

;;; local-organization
(isa local-organization existing-object-type)
(genls local-organization organization)
(comment local-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of local-organization is an organization having local `scope' -- that is, members distributed in a local area (a neighborhood, city, rural region, etc.) or having a local area of activity and concern, as opposed to statewide, national, or international organizations.")

;;; locomotion-event
(isa locomotion-event temporal-object-type)
(isa locomotion-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls locomotion-event animal-activity)
(genls locomotion-event translation--single-path)
(genls locomotion-event translation--complete)
(comment locomotion-event "A collection of events; a subset of movement--translation-event.  In an instance of locomotion-event, the object-moving (at least the object that is playing the role of done-by in the event) moves along some pathway under its own power (i.e. plays the role of provider-of-motive-force).  In addition to episodes of walking and swimming, locomotion-event includes events in which an agent moves itself using a device, with that agent supplying the motive force to the device -- as in instances of pedaling-a-bicycle, ice-skating, in-line-skating, etc.  Since the locomotor virtually always supplies the vast majority of the force required to make the motion happen, it is safe to infer that IF something plays the role of provider-of-motive-force, THEN it is an object-moving.  In certain abnormal situations this rule will make the wrong conclusions: e.g. if a mountain climber's assent is aided by another stationary person above.  Some locomotion events are also transportation events, e.g. when someone is walking while carrying something else.
Note: Elements of locomotion-event may be `non-homogeneous' (by contrast, each locomotion-process is `homogeneous.')  That is, if you take time-slices of a locomotion-event, they may or may not be locomotion-events.  E.g., even though a mountain-climbing event is a locomotion-event, if you take a time-slice of it  -- even a quite long time-slice of it! -- that whole time-slice could be where you were tying your climbing rope to a piton you'd just pounded into the mountainside, and that tying event is not a locomotion-event.  Note that this is not quite the same thing as the granularity of a process, such as animal-walking-process, where if you take a fine enough time-slice you are just lifting your leg up into the air.  In the case of a locomotion-event such as scaling a sheer rock wall, very little of the time actually involves the motion of your body up the wall. ")

;;; locomotion-process
(isa locomotion-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa locomotion-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls locomotion-process locomotion-process)
(genls locomotion-process movement--translation-process)
(genls locomotion-process locomotion-event)
(comment locomotion-process "The collection of processes in which an animal moves from one place to another by its own power.  A locomotion-process is an activity considered as a temporal-stuff-type, in which any time-slice of the activity can also be considered an instance of that activity.  Subsets of locomotion-process include: animal-walking-process, brachiating, climbing, wheelchair-locomotion-event, boring--locomotion, etc.")

;;; log-fn
(isa log-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa log-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa log-fn scalar-interval)
(comment log-fn "log-fn is the unary mathematical function that returns the natural logarithm of the number taken as its argument.  Its inverse (i.e., inverse-func) is exp-fn.")

;;; logical-connective
(isa logical-connective relation-type)
(genls logical-connective relationship)
(comment logical-connective "A collection of mathematical objects, including the basic logical connectives.  Each element of logical-connective is a Cyc predicate which takes one or more truth-valued expressions as arguments and returns a truth-valued argument.  The elements of logical-connective include and, or, not, and implies.")

;;; loneliness
(isa loneliness feeling-attribute-type)
(genls loneliness feeling-attribute)
(comment loneliness "The disagreeable feeling of being without company.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types are loneliness, solitude, etc.")

;;; long-and-thin
(isa long-and-thin abstract-shape)
(isa long-and-thin physical-structural-attribute)
(comment long-and-thin "A physical attribute.  long-and-thin is the physical-structural-attribute that characterizes a tangible object which has one dimension whose length exceeds that of each of the other two dimensions by at least a factor of three.  E.g., pencils, straws, telephone wire, submarines, skyscrapers. Cf. sheet-shaped.")

;;; looking-for-something
(isa looking-for-something temporal-stuff-type)
(isa looking-for-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls looking-for-something purposeful-action)
(comment looking-for-something "Searching for something with the intent to find it.  Instances of failure to find the object of the search are still instances of looking-for-something.")

;;; loop-fn
(isa loop-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa loop-fn set-or-collection)
(arg1-isa loop-fn thing)
(comment loop-fn "For each path-system SYS, (loop-fn SYS) denotes the set of all loops in SYS (see path-system).  Note that the function loop-fn and the predicate loop-in-system are interdefinable.  We normally use loop-fn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can also replace each (loop-in-system X SYS) by (element-of X (loop-fn SYS)).")

;;; losing-user-rights
(isa losing-user-rights temporal-object-type)
(genls losing-user-rights transfer-out)
(genls losing-user-rights change-in-user-rights)
(comment losing-user-rights "A collection of events.  In an instance of losing-user-rights, some agent loses possession of something.  Thus, in such an event, that agent loses a previously held right (viz., some user-rights-attribute) to use some item.  The item in question is identified as the object-of-possession-transfer, and the agent is the from-possessor (i.e., the one from whom possession is taken).  The agent may or may not be a deliberate-actors in the event; e.g., selling one's car is done on purpose, but having one's car repossessed probably isn't.  If either of those two events happen to you, though, it is an element of the collection losing-user-rights.")

;;; love
(isa love feeling-attribute-type)
(genls love affection)
(comment love "Strong affection for another agent arising out of kinship or personal ties.  Love may be felt towards things, too: warm attachment, enthusiasm, or devotion.  This does not, however, mean something as specialized/metaphorical as `Fred loves to eat ice cream' or `Ethel loves to get her way.'  love is a collection, as further explained under happiness.  Specialized forms of love are love--romantic, platonic love, maternal love, infatuation, agape, etc.")

;;; low-amount-fn
(isa low-amount-fn generic-value-function)
(result-isa low-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa low-amount-fn primitive-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl low-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(comment low-amount-fn "low-amount-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an individual-denoting-function.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' amounts of a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (low-amount-fn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a low amount of' ATT in the current context.  A low amount of ATT is more than (very-low-amount-fn ATT) but less than (medium-amount-fn ATT).")

;;; lung
(isa lung symmetric-anatomical-part-type)
(genls lung organ)
(comment lung "The collection of all lungs, the primary respiratory organs of air-breathing-vertebrates.")

;;; m-k-s-unit-of-measure
(isa m-k-s-unit-of-measure relation-type)
(genls m-k-s-unit-of-measure unit-of-measure)
(comment m-k-s-unit-of-measure "A subset of unit-of-measure.  m-k-s-unit-of-measure is the collection of all the measurement functions whose results use the MKS (i.e., meter-kilogram-second) system of measure to describe physical quantities.  Examples: meters-per-second-per-second, liter, metric-ton.")

;;; mach--unit-of-speed
(isa mach--unit-of-speed unit-of-speed)
(isa mach--unit-of-speed unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa mach--unit-of-speed scalar-interval)
(result-isa mach--unit-of-speed speed)
(result-isa mach--unit-of-speed vector-interval)
(args-isa mach--unit-of-speed cyc-system-real-number)
(comment mach--unit-of-speed "The speed of sound on earth at sea level.  344.4 m/s")

;;; mailing-location
(isa mailing-location conventional-classification-type)
(isa mailing-location contact-location-type)
(genls mailing-location contact-location)
(comment mailing-location "A collection of places; a subset of contact-location.  Each element of mailing-location is a location at which an agent can be contacted by mail, e.g., a home, office, or post office box.")

;;; main-function
(isa main-function capacity-attribute)
(genl-attributes main-function intended-function)
(comment main-function "One of the attributes which characterize the capacity in which some agent does a kind of action.  main-function indicates that an agent does a certain type of action (script-type) as its main function (rather than, say, as a hobby).  main-function can be used to indicate the function that an organization was created to do; e.g., the main-function of the u-s-border-patrol is patrolling the U.S. border.  See acts-in-capacity.")
(comment main-function "An element of capacity-attribute.  The attribute main-function characterizes an entity participating in a situation as doing so in its main function.  It is frequently used to indicate a device employed in doing its primary-function, or an organization engaged in the work it was created to do.")

;;; making-a-gesture
(isa making-a-gesture temporal-object-type)
(isa making-a-gesture default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-a-gesture voluntary-body-movement)
(genls making-a-gesture i-b-t-generation--original)
(genls making-a-gesture visual-information-conveying-act)
(comment making-a-gesture "The collection of acts of i-b-o-creation
done by an animal (including person) arranging its limbs or other
body parts (and whatever objects the limbs might be holding) in some
meaningful configuration (static or dynamic).  Vocal i-b-t-generations
are not considered to be gestures (see making-an-oral-sound for this),
but they might be done in conjunction with gestures.
NB:  making-a-gesture is NOT a subset of non-verbal-communicating;
at most, an instance of making-a-gesture is only half of a communication event.
And someone can make a gesture while alone, without using it for
communication. Thus, only some gestures are sub-events of
non-verbal-communicating. (But note that making-a-gesture IS a subset
of i-b-t-generation--original (q.v.), since every gesture encodes
information, whether or not it is used for communication in a
particular instance.)")

;;; making-an-agreement
(isa making-an-agreement temporal-object-type)
(isa making-an-agreement default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-an-agreement creation-event)
(genls making-an-agreement social-occurrence)
(genls making-an-agreement communicating)
(comment making-an-agreement "A collection of events.  Each element in the collection making-an-agreement is an event in which two or more parties specify the terms of an agreement to which they will be agreeing-agents, and enter into it.  Some types of making-an-agreement include its subsets getting-engaged, employee-hiring, declaring-cease-fire, and making-a-reservation.")

;;; making-an-oral-sound
(isa making-an-oral-sound default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-an-oral-sound body-movement-event)
(genls making-an-oral-sound emitting-sound)
(genls making-an-oral-sound single-doer-action)
(comment making-an-oral-sound "The collection of actions in which the lips and other mouth parts are
used to make sound. MakingAnOralSound means the event in which sound
is produced more-or-less voluntarily, using the mouth, mouth portal,
lips, and tongue.")

;;; making-facial-expression
(isa making-facial-expression temporal-stuff-type)
(isa making-facial-expression default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-facial-expression action)
(genls making-facial-expression body-movement-event)
(comment making-facial-expression "The collection of events during which the configuration of an agent's face changes.  This is usually associated with the expression of some emotion.")

;;; making-fn
(isa making-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa making-fn temporal-object-type)
(result-isa making-fn script-type)
(result-genl making-fn making-something)
(arg1-isa making-fn temporal-stuff-type)
(arg1-genl making-fn partially-tangible)
(comment making-fn "making-fn is a Cyc function, in particular a collection-denoting-function.  (making-fn TYPE) denotes the set of events in which elements of some TYPE of thing are made (whether manufactured, constructed, produced, etc.)  E.g., (making-fn automobile) is the set of events in which cars are manufactured.  Having this function saves us from having to create tens of thousands of new terms for peanut-butter-making, business-card-making, etc.")

;;; making-something
(isa making-something temporal-object-type)
(isa making-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-something purposeful-action)
(genls making-something creation-event)
(comment making-something "A collection of (very generic) events.  In each making-something event, something (tangible) is made from some raw materials. The end result may or may not be what is called a product.")

;;; making-something-available
(isa making-something-available temporal-object-type)
(isa making-something-available default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-something-available human-activity)
(comment making-something-available "The collection of all activities in which an agent makes it possible for another agent to use (but not necessarily own) a good or service.")

;;; making-travel-arrangements
(isa making-travel-arrangements temporal-object-type)
(isa making-travel-arrangements default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls making-travel-arrangements purposeful-action)
(comment making-travel-arrangements "The collection of all events in which an agent arranges for some kind of travel event.")

;;; male-animal
(isa male-animal existing-object-type)
(genls male-animal animal)
(comment male-animal "The collection of all male animals.")
(synonymous-external-concept male-animal s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MALE-ANIMAL")

;;; male-fn
(isa male-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa male-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl male-fn male-animal)
(arg1-isa male-fn organism-classification-type)
(arg1-genl male-fn animal)
(comment male-fn "male-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an instance of collection-denoting-function.  (male-fn ORGTYPE) returns that subset of the animal taxonomic collection ORGTYPE which includes all and only the males of ORGTYPE.  For example, (male-fn person) and male-person denote the same collection, while (male-fn deer) denotes the collection of all bucks.")

;;; male-person
(isa male-person existing-object-type)
(genls male-person male-animal)
(genls male-person person)
(comment male-person "The collection of all male persons.")
(synonymous-external-concept male-person s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MALE")

;;; malleability
(isa malleability material-strength-type)
(genls malleability physical-attribute)
(genls malleability scalar-interval)
(comment malleability "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of malleability represents a specific capacity of a physical material to be shaped or formed.  Different degrees of malleability may be designated using a generic-value-function.  Malleability of objects is indicated with the predicate malleability-of-object.")

;;; malnutrition
(isa malnutrition physiological-condition-type)
(genls malnutrition ailment-condition)
(comment malnutrition "A collection of physiological conditions caused by the lack of
essential nutrients (usually vitamins, minerals or proteins).
Specialized forms of malnutrition are: (1)
dietary-deficiency-condition, in which the necessary nutrients are
not ingested; and (2) malnutrition--secondary, in which the necessary
nutrients are not properly metabolized.")

;;; mammal
(isa mammal biological-class)
(genls mammal vertebrate)
(comment mammal "The collection of mammals; a subset of vertebrate.  Each element of mammal is an air-breathing, warm-blooded animal which, if female, nurses its young with milk secreted by mammary glands.  The collection mammal includes the subsets dog, horse, person, elephant, etc.  The skin of mammals is typically covered with hair (or sometimes hair modified into scales or plates (e.g. pangolins)), but some types are almost hairless.  All mammals other than the Monotremes of Australia bear live young rather than laying eggs and have teats, which on females are used for nursing the young.  Monotremes do not have teats, but both male and female produce milk from mammary-glands.   mammal is an instance of biological-class.")

;;; manager
(isa manager occupation-type)
(genls manager desk-worker)
(comment manager "A collection of people.  An instance of manager is a person whose primary job is to manage other people, directing their work activity in an organization or for a project.  A manager tells his or her subordinate workers what to do.")

;;; manufacturing
(isa manufacturing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls manufacturing making-something)
(comment manufacturing "A collection of events.  In each manufacturing event, raw materials or component parts are combined to produce a product.  In a typical manufacturing process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the value of the outputs should exceed the value of the inputs.  manufacturing does not include related or supportive processes such as transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site, scheduling done ahead of time, etc. -- the concept production-event covers that bigger picture.")

;;; manufacturing-organization
(isa manufacturing-organization existing-object-type)
(genls manufacturing-organization organization)
(genls manufacturing-organization commercial-organization)
(comment manufacturing-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of manufacturing-organization is any organization whose main-function is manufacturing or production of goods.  These may be departments, suborganizations, companies, or conglomerate enterprises.")

;;; map
(isa map temporal-stuff-type)
(isa map object-type)
(genls map structured-information-source)
(genls map information-bearing-thing)
(comment map "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of map is an IBT which, properly interpreted, models a region of physical space many times its own size by using graphical symbols (or possibly another code), often in conjunction with a natural language, to represent features of one or more of the following kinds: geographical areas (geographical-region), topographical features (topographical-feature), political regions (geopolitical-entity), climate zones (climate-cycle-type), human artifacts (construction-artifact), population densities (population-density), etc.  Maps are generally intended to help an agent to orient itself in space or to understand some aspect(s) of a large spatial area.  The collection map includes terrestrial and celestial maps, either on paper, in computerized geographical information systems, or in other forms.")

;;; march
(isa march month-of-year-type)
(genls march calendar-month)

;;; marine-corps
(isa marine-corps existing-object-type)
(genls marine-corps military-organization)
(comment marine-corps "A collection of military organizations.  An instance of marine-corps is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of soldiers (i.e., combat personnel) who serve on ships or in conjunction with naval forces, with the purpose of defending or attacking coastal areas.")

;;; marine-personnel
(isa marine-personnel occupation-type)
(genls marine-personnel military-person)
(comment marine-personnel "A soldier who is in the Marines.")

;;; marital-status-of-people
(isa marital-status-of-people sibling-disjoint-attribute-type)
(isa marital-status-of-people unordered-attribute-type)
(genls marital-status-of-people attribute-value)
(comment marital-status-of-people "The attribute values indicating the marital-status of a person.  Members of this collection include divorced, widowed, single, and married.")

;;; marking-on-a-surface
(isa marking-on-a-surface temporal-stuff-type)
(isa marking-on-a-surface default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls marking-on-a-surface i-b-o-creation)
(genls marking-on-a-surface handling-an-object)
(comment marking-on-a-surface "A collection of events.  In a marking-on-a-surface event, visible markings are placed on a surface by an agent.  The marking may be done by adding material to or removing material from the surface; e.g., by painting or by engraving the surface.")

;;; masculine
(isa masculine linguistic-object)
(isa masculine gender-of-living-thing)
(comment masculine "masculine is a gender, indicating either that an animal or plant is male, or that a word has what is called masculine gender.")

;;; mass
(isa mass fundamental-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls mass scalar-interval)
(genls mass physical-attribute)
(comment mass "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of mass is an amount of matter present in a given object.  Elements of mass may be either a fixed interval, such as two pounds, or a range, such as a legal load for a certain type of trailer.  The more mass an object has, the greater is the force required to accelerate it.  See unit-of-mass for the units used by Cyc to measure mass.")

;;; mass-noun
(isa mass-noun linguistic-object-type)
(genls mass-noun speech-part)
(comment mass-noun "The collection of all mass nouns.  Mass nouns are syntactically singular, and often they denote stufflike things. Example: 'water'.")

;;; material-strength-type
(isa material-strength-type collection)
(genls material-strength-type derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(comment material-strength-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of material-strength-type is a specific collection of attributes used in determining the strength of a material.  Examples: hardness, malleability, ductility, elasticity, shear-strength.")

;;; mathematical-object
(isa mathematical-object object-type)
(genls mathematical-object intangible-individual)
(genls mathematical-object mathematical-or-computational-thing)
(comment mathematical-object "A collection of intangible objects; a subset of mathematical-thing.  Each element of mathematical-object is a purely abstract mathematical thing which is an individual (see individual).  Examples of mathematical-object include: quantifiers, real-numbers, triangles, truth-values, etc.  But instances of set-or-collection are not mathematical-objects in Cyc, because they are not individuals.")

;;; mathematical-or-computational-thing
(isa mathematical-or-computational-thing object-type)
(genls mathematical-or-computational-thing intangible)
(comment mathematical-or-computational-thing "A collection of abstract (intangible) objects.  Each element of mathematical-or-computational-thing is a massless, timeless abstraction, such as an algorithm, logical connective, character string, assertion, integer, etc.")
(synonymous-external-concept mathematical-or-computational-thing s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACTION")

;;; may
(isa may month-of-year-type)
(genls may calendar-month)

;;; meaning-in-system-fn
(isa meaning-in-system-fn reifiable-function)
(result-isa meaning-in-system-fn thing)
(arg1-isa meaning-in-system-fn indexed-info-source)
(arg2-isa meaning-in-system-fn character-string)
(comment meaning-in-system-fn "The function (MeaningInSystemFn INFOSOURCE STRING), applied to a character string or code STRING in some external information system INFOSOURCE, returns whatever concept is meant by that string or code in that system.  For example, the value of (meaning-in-system-fn word-net--information ''N221566'') is the concept (or WordNet `synset') represented by the synonyms (rampart|bulwark|wall), meaning 'an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes' in the WordNet system.  The STRING can have any format chosen by the person who builds the representation of the external system; usually it will include some index string that is used as an identifier in the external system.  In addition, the STRING may arbitrarily contain any further characters or information, depending on how the external information is selected and processed.  This function allows you to relate a concept in an external system to an arbitrarily complicated expression composed of Cyc concepts.  If the external concept has a direct, exact mapping to a single Cyc constant, then it is better to use the predicate synonymous-external-concept rather than this function.  If the there is a direct correspondence to one Cyc constant, but it is only an approximate correspondence of meaning, you can use overlapping-external-concept.")

;;; measurable-attribute-type
(isa measurable-attribute-type collection)
(genls measurable-attribute-type primitive-attribute-type)
(comment measurable-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of measurable-attribute-type is a collection of attributes, the members of which are quantifiable attributes, i.e., they can be assigned a numeric value.  For example, rate-of-rotation and concentration-per-volume.  For the units in which specific attributes are measured, see measured-in, units-measuring-this-quantity, standard-unit-measuring.  Note that in Cyc, numbers are classified as measurable attributes; see real-number, etc.")

;;; measuring-device
(isa measuring-device existing-object-type)
(genls measuring-device physical-device)
(comment measuring-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of measuring-device is a device used for measuring some quantity such as distance, volume, temperature, etc.  Examples include the odometer in your car (an odometer), the graduated glass measuring cup in your kitchen (a measuring-cup), and the thermostat on your wall (a temperature-measuring-device, although it is also a control-device.)")

;;; measuring-something
(isa measuring-something temporal-object-type)
(isa measuring-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls measuring-something purposeful-action)
(genls measuring-something thinking)
(comment measuring-something "A collection of events.  Each element of measuring-something is an event in which an agent uses a physical device to measure some physical attribute of a tangible object.  The last part of such an event involves the perception (and perhaps recording) of a measurement-result by some instance ofperceptual-agent.  See also measurement-fn.")

;;; mechanical-device
(isa mechanical-device existing-object-type)
(genls mechanical-device solid-tangible-thing)
(genls mechanical-device physical-device)
(comment mechanical-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of mechanical-device is a physical device which has one part that moves with respect to another of its parts.  Thus a spoon is not one of these, but a pair of scissors is, as are more complex devices such as vacuum cleaners and the space-shuttle-challenger.")

;;; medial-region-fn
(isa medial-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa medial-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa medial-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa medial-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment medial-region-fn "The function (MedialRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the sub-region consisting of the center parts or middle section (near the mid-line) of REGOROBJ, or the medial main portion of REGOROBJ as opposed to the right and left portions.  It applies when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic right/left orientation (unlike, say, a sphere), but if REGOROBJ is a part within a larger region or object that has its own right/left orientation, the function returns REGOROBJ's portion nearest the mid-line (with respect to left and right) of the larger region or object.")

;;; medical-care-event
(isa medical-care-event script-type)
(isa medical-care-event temporal-object-type)
(genls medical-care-event action-on-object)
(genls medical-care-event human-activity)
(genls medical-care-event service-event)
(comment medical-care-event "A collection of events.  When any medical care professional provides a medical service to patients, that is an instance of medical-care-event.  An instance of medical-care-event may be a diagnostic procedure, a treatment, a consultation, routine check-up, a medical test, etc. -- anything a medical care provider can bill for.  E.g., (birth-fn nicole-lenat) represents the birth of a particular person; since she were born in a modern Western hospital, doctors, nurses, and a variety of hospital equipment were present and used, so this is a medical-care-event. ")

;;; medical-care-institution
(isa medical-care-institution existing-object-type)
(genls medical-care-institution medical-care-organization)
(comment medical-care-institution "Large organizations that provide medical or psychiatric care and have facilities for patients to stay at least overnight.")

;;; medical-care-organization
(isa medical-care-organization existing-object-type)
(genls medical-care-organization service-organization)
(genls medical-care-organization medical-care-provider)
(comment medical-care-organization "A collection of organizations; a subset of both medical-care-provider and service-organization.  An element of medical-care-organization is any organization that provides some kind of medical care; it may be a sub-organization of a larger organization.  Examples include all instances of doctors-office, dentists-office, optometric-facility, or rehabilitation-facility; independent-practice-association or hospital; emergency-room, dialysis-unit, allergy-testing-facility; home-nursing-service-organization or long-term-medical-care-facility; and veterinary-hospital.")

;;; medical-care-professional
(isa medical-care-professional occupation-type)
(genls medical-care-professional medical-care-provider)
(genls medical-care-professional health-professional)
(comment medical-care-professional "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of medical-care-professional is a person whose occupation principally involves medical care of patients, including surgery, psychological care, physical therapy, practical nursing, and dispensing drugs.  The collection medical-care-professional includes members of the subsets psychiatrist, pharmacist, emergency-medical-technician, nurse, doctor--medical, etc., as well as veterinarian.")

;;; medical-care-provider
(isa medical-care-provider existing-object-type)
(genls medical-care-provider social-being)
(comment medical-care-provider "The collection of agents who provide medical care in a professional capacity.")

;;; medical-facility-type
(isa medical-facility-type collection)
(genls medical-facility-type existing-object-type)
(comment medical-facility-type "Instances are kinds of medical care facilities.  Some may be organizations , some may be places and some are equipment.")

;;; medical-patient
(isa medical-patient existing-object-type)
(genls medical-patient animal)
(comment medical-patient "One who is undergoing medical care - which includes routine examinations as well as treatment for injuries or illnesses.")

;;; medical-specialty-type
(isa medical-specialty-type collection)
(genls medical-specialty-type occupation-type)
(comment medical-specialty-type "The collection of all medical worker types, divided up by specialty.")

;;; medical-testing
(isa medical-testing script-type)
(isa medical-testing temporal-object-type)
(genls medical-testing medical-care-event)
(genls medical-testing thinking)
(comment medical-testing "A collection of events in which some aspect of a patient's physiological condition is evaluated using medical procedures.  An instance of medical-testing is a test done on a patient -- or, often, on a sample taken from the patient's body -- in order to gather information (a) about the patient's general state of health, (b) to help in making a diagnosis, (c) to determine or monitor the severity of a known condition of the patient's.  The collection medical-testing includes an enormous variety of procedures in modern Western medicine, from simple blood tests to complex MRIs.")

;;; medical-treatment-event
(isa medical-treatment-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa medical-treatment-event temporal-object-type)
(genls medical-treatment-event simple-repairing)
(genls medical-treatment-event medical-care-event)
(comment medical-treatment-event "A collection of medical care events; i.e., a subset of medical-care-event.  In any instance of medical-treatment-event, the procedures performed by a medical professional are done to alleviate or ameliorate an ailment-condition.  The set of treatments for a specific ailment may be denoted using treatment-fn (q.v.).")

;;; mediterranean-sea
(isa mediterranean-sea entity)
(isa mediterranean-sea sea)
(comment mediterranean-sea "A strategically important small sea between southern Europe, western Asia (the Levant), and northern Africa.")

;;; medium-amount-fn
(isa medium-amount-fn generic-value-function)
(result-isa medium-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa medium-amount-fn primitive-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl medium-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(comment medium-amount-fn "medium-amount-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of individual-denoting-function.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' amounts of a variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (medium-amount-fn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a medium amount of' ATT in the current context.  A medium amount of ATT is more than (very-low-amount-fn ATT) but less than (high-amount-fn ATT).")

;;; meeting-someone
(isa meeting-someone script-type)
(genls meeting-someone social-occurrence)
(comment meeting-someone "A collection of actions.  In a meeting-someone event, one agent is moving and meets (comes into close proximity with) another agent.  This may or may not be purposeful.  It may be performed by non-human animals, and occasionally by other sorts of agents.
Note: this does not mean `being introduced to someone', but rather `going to meet with someone'.")

;;; meeting-taking-place
(isa meeting-taking-place temporal-object-type)
(isa meeting-taking-place default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls meeting-taking-place social-gathering)
(comment meeting-taking-place "The collection of human meeting events, in which persons gather intentionally at a location in order to communicate or share some experience; business is often transacted at such a meeting.  Examples include: a particular conference, a business lunch, etc.")

;;; mega-hertz
(isa mega-hertz unit-of-frequency)
(isa mega-hertz unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(result-isa mega-hertz frequency)
(result-isa mega-hertz rate)
(result-isa mega-hertz scalar-interval)
(args-isa mega-hertz cyc-system-real-number)
(comment mega-hertz "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the common unit of frequency.     See also unit-of-frequency, unit-of-measure.")

;;; megabyte
(isa megabyte unit-of-measure-with-prefix)
(result-isa megabyte physical-attribute)
(result-isa megabyte scalar-interval)
(args-isa megabyte cyc-system-real-number)
(comment megabyte "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent a common unit of computer memory and disk capacity.  The value of (megabyte 1) equals approximately one million (8-bit) bytes.  See also unit-of-measure.")

;;; melting
(isa melting temporal-stuff-type)
(isa melting default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls melting making-something)
(genls melting physical-state-change-event)
(comment melting "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its freezing-point and is thereby changed from a solid-state-of-matter to a liquid-state-of-matter.")

;;; memory
(isa memory stuff-type)
(genls memory mental-information)
(comment memory "A collection of mental information.  Each element of memory is the propositional content of a mental state in which a person recalls past events.  Most commonly those memories concern first-person experiences, but they may include recollections of anything that the person has learned in the past.")

;;; mens-clothing
(isa mens-clothing product-type)
(isa mens-clothing existing-object-type)
(genls mens-clothing sheet-of-some-stuff)
(genls mens-clothing something-to-wear)
(comment mens-clothing "A collection of objects.  Each element of mens-clothing is a clothing item worn usually by men, i.e., items normally found in the men's section of department stores.  Subsets include tuxedos and mens-jockey-underwear.")

;;; mental-activity
(isa mental-activity script-type)
(isa mental-activity temporal-object-type)
(genls mental-activity animal-activity)
(genls mental-activity mental-event)
(comment mental-activity "The collection of all actions which involve some mental activity on the part of at least one doer (see done-by).  Consciously carrying out some activity, solving a math problem, engaging in a conversation, are all examples of mental-activity.")

;;; mental-attribute
(isa mental-attribute attribute-type)
(genls mental-attribute attribute-value)
(comment mental-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of mental-attribute is an attribute which pertains to an agent's mental state or mental ability.  Examples: high-intelligence, legally-drunk, visual-awareness, inattentive-mental-activity-level.")

;;; mental-event
(isa mental-event script-type)
(isa mental-event temporal-object-type)
(genls mental-event event)
(comment mental-event "A collection of events. Each event belonging to mental-event has some actor whose mental functions are involved (see actors). Mental events include such things as theorizing about something, dreaming, perceiving, sensing, having a realization, designing something, making a decision, and consciously carrying out a task.  Some of those examples are actions as well as events (see done-by).  For mental events that are also instances of action, see the subset mental-activity.")
(synonymous-external-concept mental-event s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MENTAL-PROCESS")

;;; mental-information
(isa mental-information stuff-type)
(genls mental-information abstract-information)
(genls mental-information mental-object)
(genls mental-information propositional-information-thing)
(comment mental-information "A collection of information.  Each element of mental-information is the propositional content of a specific mental state of an individual person. Thus, this is information which is embodied in a person having a memory or sensory perception or other type of thought.  Note that elements of mental-information are the propositional content of memories, perceptions, judgments, etc.  For example, when I remember that my grandmother's eyes are blue, the mental information contained therein is `my [the rememberer's] grandmother's eyes are blue'; it is NOT `I remember that my grandmother's eyes are blue'.  As a consequence, mental information (as defined in Cyc) is not incorrigible.")

;;; mental-object
(isa mental-object stuff-type)
(isa mental-object object-type)
(genls mental-object intangible-individual)
(comment mental-object "Each element of mental-object is an intangible object intimately connected in some fashion with mental activity.  This includes objects such as thoughts, emotions, knowledge; events such as thinking and reasoning; and intangible time-like objects such as mental-processing-time and cpu-time.")

;;; meta-assertions-for-poly-canonicalizing-assertions
(isa meta-assertions-for-poly-canonicalizing-assertions shared-note)
(comment meta-assertions-for-poly-canonicalizing-assertions "If one wishes to state a fact M about an assertion A, i.e. if one wishes to assert the meta-assertion M(A) and if A canonicalizes into multiple assertions, a_1, a_2...a_n,then one must do a non-standard procedure.  Due to the way the canonicalizer currently (Nov 96) handles meta-assertions, rather than simply asserting M(A), one must distribute the meta-assertion over the results of canonicalization.  That is one must assert M(a_1), M(a_2)...M(a_n). Consider the following example:  Suppose one wanted to assert 
`if a movement occurs then there is a friction sub-events, unless the movement is frictionless.'
The way one asserts this is by first asserting the fact without the `unless', i.e.

(ke-assert '(implies
	     (isa ?MOV movement-event)
              (there-exists ?FRIC
	      (and
	       (isa ?FRIC friction-process)
	       (sub-events ?MOV ?FRIC)))) base-k-b)

Because there is an and with two literals on the right hand side of this rule it canonicalizes into two assertions which then become part of the KB.  One must next find these assertions as they appear in the KB:

(implies
 (and
  (isa ?MOV movement-event)
  (term-of-unit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (s-k-f-29707602 ?MOV)))
 (isa ?FRIC-EVENT146 friction-process))

(implies
 (and
  (isa ?MOV movement-event)
  (term-of-unit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (s-k-f-29707602 ?MOV)))
 (sub-events ?MOV ?FRIC-EVENT146)).

Now using these one may state the `unless' part of the rule:

(ke-assert
  '(except-when
    (isa ?MOV frictionless-motion)
    (implies
     (and
      (isa ?MOV movement-event)
      (term-of-unit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (s-k-f-29707602 ?MOV)))
     (isa ?FRIC-EVENT146 friction-process)))
  base-k-b)

(ke-assert
  '(except-when
    (isa ?MOV frictionless-motion)
    (implies
     (and
      (isa ?MOV movement-event)
      (term-of-unit ?FRIC-EVENT146 (s-k-f-29707602 ?MOV)))
     (sub-events ?MOV ?FRIC-EVENT146)))

  base-k-b).

This shared-note is true about any relationship which has assertion as an argument type.")

;;; meta-knowledge-predicate
(isa meta-knowledge-predicate predicate-category)
(genls meta-knowledge-predicate modal-relationship)
(genls meta-knowledge-predicate predicate)
(comment meta-knowledge-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of meta-knowledge-predicate is a predicate used in assertions about the Cyc ontology itself.  Examples: my-creator, cyclist-notes, shared-notes, salient-assertions, axiom-conclusion-action-type.")

;;; meta-predicate
(isa meta-predicate predicate-category)
(genls meta-predicate meta-relation)
(comment meta-predicate "A collection of predicates. Each element of meta-predicate can be used to define other predicates.")

;;; meta-relation
(isa meta-relation relation-type)
(genls meta-relation relationship)
(comment meta-relation "A collection of relations. Each element of meta-relation can be used to define other relations.")

;;; metal
(isa metal tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls metal inanimate-thing)
(genls metal tangible-thing)
(comment metal "A collection of tangible stuffs.  Every instance of metal is a piece of stuff defined as a metal only by its chemical composition, not by its physical properties.  Thus, metal includes all instances of mercury and potassium as well as all pieces of brass, lead, iron.  Cyc infers only by default that metals are solid.  metal-alloy is a subset of metal.")

;;; metal-alloy
(isa metal-alloy tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls metal-alloy mixture)
(genls metal-alloy artificial-material)
(genls metal-alloy metal)
(comment metal-alloy "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of metal.  Each instance of metal-alloy is a metallic stuff which is a homogeneous blend of at least one part of unalloyed-metal with at least one other substance.  metal-alloy is not a subset of mixture, because each instance of metal-alloy is defined not only by the amounts and kinds of its constituents, but also (unlike a mixture) by the internal structures formed during its creation.  Furthermore, the creation process is typically more complex than mixing.  Common metal alloys include the instances of bronze, brass, and steel.  Note that galvanized-metal is NOT a subset of metal-alloy, because every instance of galvanized-metal has a coating of some zinc on its surface, and thus (unlike an alloy) the components of galvanized metals are not homogenously distributed throughout.")

;;; meter
(isa meter unit-of-distance)
(isa meter standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa meter m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa meter unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa meter distance)
(result-isa meter scalar-interval)
(args-isa meter cyc-system-real-number)
(comment meter "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of measure in the metric system.  The meter is also the basic unit of measure for length in CYC.  See also m-k-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; meters-per-second
(isa meters-per-second unit-of-speed)
(isa meters-per-second standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa meters-per-second m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa meters-per-second unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa meters-per-second scalar-interval)
(result-isa meters-per-second speed)
(result-isa meters-per-second vector-interval)
(args-isa meters-per-second cyc-system-real-number)
(comment meters-per-second "(meters-per-second NUMBER) returns a dimensionless rate or speed of NUMBER meters per second.  Notice that this result is not presently thought of as incorporating a vector, although it might be modified to do so at some point in the future if this should prove appropriate.")

;;; meters-per-second-per-second
(isa meters-per-second-per-second standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa meters-per-second-per-second m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa meters-per-second-per-second unit-of-acceleration)
(isa meters-per-second-per-second unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa meters-per-second-per-second acceleration)
(result-isa meters-per-second-per-second scalar-interval)
(args-isa meters-per-second-per-second cyc-system-real-number)
(comment meters-per-second-per-second "The basic measure of acceleration")

;;; microscopic-scale-object
(isa microscopic-scale-object existing-object-type)
(genls microscopic-scale-object tangible-thing)
(comment microscopic-scale-object "A collection of objects.  Every instance of microscopic-scale-object is a material object which is so small that human beings cannot perceive it, except (perhaps) with the use of special devices such as electron microscopes.  Some types of microscopic-scale-object include its subsets molecule, atom, sub-atomic-particle, chloroplast, and mitochondrion.")

;;; microtheory
(isa microtheory collection)
(isa microtheory microtheory-type)
(genls microtheory abstract-information)
(genls microtheory intangible-individual)
(comment microtheory "The collection of all microtheories, or `mts' for short.  Microtheories implement contexts in Cyc.  Each mt serves to group a set of assertions together that share some common assumptions.  Thus each mt can be thought of as having two parts: a corpus of assertions that represent the `content' of the mt, and a separate corpus of assertions that represent the `assumptions' which are being made.  E.g., in a normal modern everyday life microtheory, there might be hundreds of content assertions such as `drivers are at least 16 years old', and there might be dozens of assumption assertions about that microtheory's content, such as `all actors are assumed to be law-abiding'.   You can think of the assumptions as a set of extra conjuncts on the left hand side (the antecedent or `if'-part) of every content assertion in the mt.  

Each assertion in the knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one mt.  It will then (by inference) also be true in all the more specialized contexts.  If something is true in the `life in North America' mt, then it should by default be true in the `life in Canada' mt.  I.e., the microtheories are organized into a generalization/specialization lattice by the predicate genl-mt (q.v.), just as collections are organized into such a lattice by genls, and just as predicates are organized into such a lattice by genl-preds.  Just as a collection may have several incommensurable supersets, so too a microtheory may have several incommensurable genl-mts.  Just as each and every collection must have some explicitly recorded superset (except for thing), each and every mt must have some (expicitly recorded) more general mt (except for the base-k-b, which is the most general context, containing universal, timeless truths).  Just as a Cyc concept may have multiple incommensurable sets of which it is an element (via isa), so too a Cyc assertion may be declared to be true in a set of incommensurable mts.

Every query is made in some mt, so the answer you get might very well depend on the mt in which you ask the question.  Let's call the current context C1, for the remainder of this paragraph.  The only assertions which can be used in C1 to answer the query are those assertions which were explicitly stated to be true in C1 or in some more general mt than C1.  But what if you want and need something like assertion P, to answer the question, but P doesn't fit that criterion, though P is true in some other mts that are unrelated to C1?  You can `import' or `lift' P into C1, by conjoining to its left hand side (if-part) the various assumptions of a context C999 in which P is known to be true.  I.e., what you actually conclude to be true in C1 is an assertion of the form `if a1 and a2 and... then P', where a1, a2,... are the assumptions of a context in which P holds (but which are NOT implied by assumptions of C1).  When there are several contexts to choose from, from which to import P, you will usually prefer the context whose assumptions are most similar to C1's assumptions, so there will be few extra conjuncts that need to be inserted in the `lifting' process.

There is an implicit third component to each microtheory, namely the Cyc terms which are `known about' in that mt.  E.g., lenat is not `known about' in a microtheory set in prehistoric times; photochemical-energy-transduction is not `known about' in a microtheory representing things that a toddler believes to be true; etc.  Unlike the content and the assumptions, however, there is no need to explicitly collect into one list all the terms which are `known about'.  Rather, one could compute such a list by looking at all the terms which are mentioned anywhere in the content assertions of the mt.

Note that microtheory is itself a `first-class object', as is each and every element of that collection --- e.g., commercial-buying-mt, world-geography-mt, u-s-healthcare-mt, human-social-life-mt, etc.  The assertions about a microtheory are just like any other Cyc assertions.  

Note that one important predicate we haven't mentioned here yet is the one that says `assertion P is true in microtheory M'.  That predicate is ist.  Thus:  (ist M P).

Note that another important predicate we haven't mentioned here yet is the one that says `microtheory M has the proposition P as a domain assumption'.  Thus: (domain-assumptions M P).")

;;; microtheory-predicate
(isa microtheory-predicate relation-type)
(genls microtheory-predicate predicate)
(comment microtheory-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of microtheory-predicate is a predicate used to describe the properties and relationships of instances of microtheory.  Examples: domain-assumptions, mt-time, genl-mt, adheres-to-code-of-conduct, ist--agreement, ist--obligation.")

;;; microtheory-type
(isa microtheory-type collection)
(genls microtheory-type collection)
(comment microtheory-type "A collection of collections.  Each instance of microtheory-type is a type of microtheory, for example, problem-solving-cntxt and general-microtheory.")

;;; microwaved
(isa microwaved preparation-attribute)
(genl-attributes microwaved cooked)
(comment microwaved "The attribute microwaved is a specialized form of cooked.  Food that is microwaved has been prepared in an event of microwaving, using a microwave-oven.")

;;; microwaving
(isa microwaving default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa microwaving temporal-object-type)
(genls microwaving cooking-food)
(comment microwaving "A collection of events in which a microwave-oven is used to heat food (or drink).
After a microwaving event, the food involved has been microwaved.")

;;; midday
(isa midday temporal-object-type)
(genls midday qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment midday "A midday is the daily event where the sun is near its `highest' position in the daily cycle.  A midday overlaps the start of an afternoon, and a morning overlaps the start of a midday.")

;;; migratory-animal
(isa migratory-animal existing-object-type)
(genls migratory-animal animal)
(comment migratory-animal "A subset of animal; the collection of animals that change their dwelling place on a periodic, typically seasonal basis.  Such behavior is usually characteristic of particular types of biological-species.")

;;; miles-per-hour
(isa miles-per-hour unit-of-speed)
(isa miles-per-hour unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa miles-per-hour scalar-interval)
(result-isa miles-per-hour speed)
(result-isa miles-per-hour vector-interval)
(args-isa miles-per-hour cyc-system-real-number)
(comment miles-per-hour "A unit of speed")

;;; military-aircraft
(isa military-aircraft product-type)
(isa military-aircraft existing-object-type)
(genls military-aircraft solid-tangible-product)
(genls military-aircraft air-transportation-device)
(comment military-aircraft "The collection of all aircraft used for military purposes, or equipped to be used for such purposes.")

;;; military-officer
(isa military-officer occupation-type)
(genls military-officer leader)
(genls military-officer military-person)
(comment military-officer "A collection of people, a subset 
of military-person. Each element of this collection is
somebody who is an officer in some military-organization,
e.g., an element of admiral or lieutenant.")

;;; military-organization
(isa military-organization existing-object-type)
(genls military-organization organization)
(comment military-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of military-organization is an organization whose function (and expertise) is the use of armed force, or the threat of such use, against enemies, especially other organized, armed enemies.  A military organization includes its fighting forces and their command structure, together with dedicated support services controlled by that military command.  Typically, there are special conditions in the relationships between a military-organization and its workers, going beyond what is expected of work agreements in civilian settings, including strict sanctions to enforce obedience.  This collection includes government-military-organizations such as the armies, navies, air forces, etc., of the world's governments, and in addition private armies, rebel armies, and organized mercenary units.")

;;; military-person
(isa military-person occupation-type)
(genls military-person professional)
(comment military-person "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of military-person is a person who works for some military-organization, usually holding some military-title or rank.  Subsets include military-officer and enlisted-person.")

;;; mineral
(isa mineral existing-stuff-type)
(genls mineral solid-tangible-thing)
(genls mineral natural-tangible-stuff)
(genls mineral inorganic-stuff)
(comment mineral "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of mineral is a piece of homogeneous inorganic physical substance that has a crystalline structure.  For example, instances of diamond, turquoise--gem, jade--gem, corundum.")

;;; mineral-ore
(isa mineral-ore tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls mineral-ore earth-stuff)
(comment mineral-ore "A collection of tangible things; a subset of earth-stuff.  Each element of mineral-ore is a piece of substance from which some useful mineral can be extracted.  For example, elements of iron-ore, bauxite-ore, and copper--ore.")

;;; minus-fn
(isa minus-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa minus-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa minus-fn scalar-interval)
(comment minus-fn "minus-fn is the unary mathematical function that changes the sign of the number taken as its argument; e.g., (minus-fn 2) returns -2, and (minus-fn -2) returns 2.")

;;; minute--unit-of-angular-measure
(isa minute--unit-of-angular-measure unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa minute--unit-of-angular-measure unit-of-angular-distance)
(result-isa minute--unit-of-angular-measure physical-attribute)
(result-isa minute--unit-of-angular-measure scalar-interval)
(args-isa minute--unit-of-angular-measure cyc-system-real-number)
(comment minute--unit-of-angular-measure "A unit to measure the size of angles, in the Imperial system of measurement.  60 minutes = 1 degree (degree--unit-of-angular-measure)")

;;; minute-fn
(isa minute-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa minute-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa minute-fn calendar-minute)
(arg1-isa minute-fn non-negative-integer)
(arg2-isa minute-fn calendar-hour)
(comment minute-fn "(minute-fn ?M ?H) denotes a calendar-minute -- in particular, minute number ?M of hour ?H.  For example, (minute-fn 12 (hour-fn 18 (day-fn 14 (month-fn february (year-fn 1966))))) denotes 6:12pm Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; minutes-duration
(isa minutes-duration unit-of-time)
(isa minutes-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa minutes-duration unit-of-measure)
(result-isa minutes-duration scalar-interval)
(result-isa minutes-duration time--quantity)
(args-isa minutes-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment minutes-duration "minutes-duration is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.  An expression of the form (minutes-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min minutes and at most ?max minutes.  An expression of the form (minutes-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num minutes.")

;;; misty--physical-state
(isa misty--physical-state physical-structural-attribute)
(comment misty--physical-state "A physical attribute.  misty--physical-state is the physical-structural-attribute that characterizes mist; i.e., being a mixture of a gaseous substance with suspended particles of liquid.")

;;; mixing
(isa mixing temporal-stuff-type)
(isa mixing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls mixing creation-event)
(genls mixing handling-an-object)
(comment mixing "A collection of events.  In each mixing, two or more substances are combined to form a mixture.")

;;; mixture
(isa mixture existing-stuff-type)
(genls mixture tangible-thing)
(comment mixture "A collection of tangible stuffs.  Every instance of mixture is a tangible stuff composed of two or more different constituents which have been mixed.  The stuffs which were inputs to the mixing do not form chemical bonds between them, and at a later time the mixture may be resolved by some separation-event.  Examples include all elements of the collections blood, mud, air, and carbonated-beverage.  A mixture has a composition but not a structure; thus, the following are NOT mixtures, since all have some structure: a wet sponge, a person, or a portion of plywood.
Note: By default, mixtures are assumed to be stable, i.e., they won't separate on their own.  Use separating-constituent to override this default for a constituent that does separate out spontaneously (e.g. a carbonated-beverage going flat).")

;;; mob
(isa mob stuff-type)
(genls mob group)
(comment mob "A collection of objects; a subset of group.  Each element of mob is a group that contains a large number of objects or events of the same type.  Mobs typically have too many members to enumerate or reify; one rarely refers to particular mob members, or at most refers to relatively few of them.  Examples: the andes--mountains is a mob of mountains; each element of galaxy is a mob of stars; a cup of sand is a mob of grains of sand; and making popcorn involves a mob of corn kernel bursting events.")

;;; mob-fn
(isa mob-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa mob-fn collection)
(result-genl mob-fn mob)
(arg1-isa mob-fn object-type)
(comment mob-fn "mob-fn is a Cyc collection-denoting-function.  mob-fn is used for referring to specializations of mob; esp. note that applications of mob-fn produce COLLECTIONS (of mobs), not individual mobs.  mob-fn takes any element of object-type as its argument and returns a subset of mob, namely the collection containing those mobs whose group-members are elements of that object-type.  (mob-fn OBJ-TYPE) denotes the collection of all mobs whose members belong to (isa) OBJ-TYPE.  For example, a clump of hair on my head is an element of (mob-fn hair--strand).  The collection galaxy is a subset of (mob-fn star).  And the collection applauding (i.e., all applause events) could be referred to as (mob-fn `HandClappingEvent').")

;;; modal
(isa modal linguistic-object-type)
(genls modal verb)
(comment modal "The collection of all modal auxiliary verbs. Modals have only tensed forms, do not inflect for person and number, and can take contracted negation. Example: `should'.")

;;; modal-relationship
(isa modal-relationship relation-type)
(genls modal-relationship relationship)
(comment modal-relationship "A collection of predicates and functions.  Each element of modal-relationship is a predicate or function wherein substituting equals for equals may not preserve truth.  For example, `believes': even though Jack's age is equal to 29, we can't substitute `29' for `Jack's age' in the sentence `Fred believes that Jack's age is 31', because Fred surely does NOT believe that 29 is 31.  Thus, `believes' is a modal relationship.  So are meta-predicates such as my-creator: e.g., suppose that Doug Lenat added the term FirstUSPresident to the Cyc ontology, and Cyc later is told that that person was George Washington, who in turn is represented by the term george-washington, which term was NOT entered by Doug but by Karen Pittman; it would be incorrect to substitute equals for equals [that is, to substitute george-washington for FirstUSPresident] in the assertion (my-creator FirstUSPresident lenat) and conclude (my-creator george-washington lenat), since Doug did not enter the latter term into Cyc's ontology.  Thus, meta-predicates such as my-creator are also modal relationships.  The same applies to functions; e.g., if we had a function such as MyCreatorFn, then (MyCreatorFn FirstUSPresident) would not have the same value as (MyCreatorFn george-washington).")

;;; moderately-alert
(isa moderately-alert alertness)
(genl-attributes moderately-alert awake)
(comment moderately-alert "moderately-alert is an alertness attribute which is a specialization of awake.  It is the normal state of an animal which is awake but paying particular attention to its environment.  It is a higher alertness-level than sleepy, but lower than very-alert.")

;;; modern-human-residence
(isa modern-human-residence product-type)
(isa modern-human-residence existing-object-type)
(genls modern-human-residence human-residence)
(genls modern-human-residence modern-shelter-construction)
(comment modern-human-residence "A collection of objects; a subset of both human-residence and modern-shelter-construction.  Each element of modern-human-residence is a humanly constructed shelter of a modern type, in which people live.  Such residences are the typical dwellings in the developed world of the late 20th century and may be found in the more affluent regions of the developing world.  Examples include houses in suburban `developments', modern apartment buildings, `modular' homes, etc.")

;;; modern-naval-ship
(isa modern-naval-ship existing-object-type)
(genls modern-naval-ship weapon)
(genls modern-naval-ship ship)
(comment modern-naval-ship "The collection of all ships that have been used since the Nineteenth Century primarily for naval purposes, including military attack and defense, reconnaisance, support, rescue, coastal monitoring, etc.  Such a ship is naval in this sense even if it is not operated by a navy. Most ModernNavalShips are specifically constructed for naval purposes.")

;;; modern-shelter-construction
(isa modern-shelter-construction existing-object-type)
(genls modern-shelter-construction building)
(comment modern-shelter-construction "A collection of construction artifacts; a subset of building (q.v.).  An instance of modern-shelter-construction is a building that provides comfortable shelter for humans during some of their daily activities.  Elements of modern-shelter-construction have the kinds of features found in modern-day buildings in Europe, the USA, and other technologically developed parts of the world, namely, amenities like doors, plumbing, electricity, and probably some kind of climate control system for maintaining humanly comfortable conditions indoors.  Examples include the new-york-hilton-at-broadway, the sydney-opera-house, and instances of the collection modern-human-residence (e.g., a newly built home in a suburban development or a renovated brownstone in NYC).")

;;; molecular-stuff
(isa molecular-stuff tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls molecular-stuff tangible-thing)
(comment molecular-stuff "A collection of tangible stuff.  Every instance of molecular-stuff is a portion of stuff composed of covalently-bonded molecules.  Thus, water and d-n-a are subsets of molecular-stuff; each of their instances consists of covalently bonded molecules.  But instances of salt--na-cl are not examples of molecular-stuff.  Also, oxygen is not a subset of molecular-stuff, since oxygen denotes anything composed of that element, not just O2 (molecular oxygen) and O3 (ozone). ")

;;; molecule
(isa molecule existing-object-type)
(genls molecule chemical-object)
(comment molecule "A collection of microscopic-scale objects; a subset of chemical-object.  Every instance of molecule is a microscopic object whose component atoms are all chemically bonded to each other; typically, this means that the atoms are covalently bonded.  Examples: some instances of molecule, including molecules of oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), etc., contain covalently bonded atoms belonging to the collection oxygen.  Some highly complex examples of molecule are those belonging to the collection d-n-a.  See also molecule-fn.
Note: diamond and other macroscopic covalent solids are excluded from belonging to molecule by the constraint that instances of molecule are microscopic.")

;;; molecule-fn
(isa molecule-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa molecule-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl molecule-fn molecule)
(arg1-isa molecule-fn chemical-compound-type)
(arg1-genl molecule-fn molecular-stuff)
(comment molecule-fn "molecule-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function.  It takes an instance of chemical-compound-type as its sole argument and returns the set of all molecules of that compound.  (molecule-fn X) denotes the collection of all molecules of molecular-stuff X.  For example, (molecule-fn water) is the collection of all water molecules.")

;;; monera-kingdom
(isa monera-kingdom biological-kingdom)
(comment monera-kingdom "A biological kingdom including bacteria, blue green algae, and prochlorophytes (recently discovered).  All members are prokaryotes - their cells lack a nuclear membrane and other internal organelles.")

;;; monetary-exchange-of-user-rights
(isa monetary-exchange-of-user-rights script-type)
(isa monetary-exchange-of-user-rights temporal-object-type)
(genls monetary-exchange-of-user-rights exchange-of-user-rights)
(genls monetary-exchange-of-user-rights money-transaction)
(comment monetary-exchange-of-user-rights "The collection of events in which two agents (exchangers) perform two transferring-possessions with each other, one of which is a money-transfer.  The buyer gains possession (i.e., some user-rights-attribute) of the object-paid-for  from the seller, who gains possession of the object-tendered.  Note that renting, as well as buying, is a monetary-exchange-of-user-rights")

;;; monetary-flow-rate
(isa monetary-flow-rate derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls monetary-flow-rate rate)
(genls monetary-flow-rate money-rate)
(genls monetary-flow-rate attribute-value)
(genls monetary-flow-rate scalar-interval)
(comment monetary-flow-rate "A collection of rates; a subset of scalar-interval.  Each element of monetary-flow-rate is a rate at which money is earned, spent, transferred, lost, invested, etc. It is a measurable quantity, expressed as a rate of units of money per unit of time, such as dollars-per-hour (see unit-of-monetary-flow-rate).  monetary-flow-rate includes generic intervals, such as those which describe (in a particular context) high-income-level, low-income-level, etc.")

;;; money
(isa money fundamental-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls money scalar-interval)
(genls money attribute-value)
(comment money "The collection of amounts of currency or debt, of which payments, wealth, capital, assets, etc., consist.   An instance of money may be considered as either (1) an amount of actual, valuable tangible goods (such as gold) or (2) an abstract quantity.  That is, from one perspective, elements of money represent the amount of a debt (or credit), while from another perspective, they represent what is actually transferred to create or discharge a debt.  Typically, money is created by national governments; either (a) money is a backed claim for a certain amount of precious physical wealth payable by the government on demand (e.g., the gold standard), or (b) money is a legally enforced means of debt payment without any backing.  



Elements of money in Cyc may be either a fixed amount, such as a U.S. five-dollar bill, or a range, such as `the price of a 1997 Mazda Protege'.  See unit-of-money for the units used by Cyc to measure instances of money. 



Note: The tangible coins, bills, checks, etc., that represent certain amounts of money (but which as physical objects may have little value) are elements of tender-object, not of money.  Elements of tender-object which also belong to currency are typically associated with some instance of unit-of-money (e.g., dollar--united-states) and have a fixed value.")

;;; money-rate
(isa money-rate derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls money-rate scalar-interval)
(comment money-rate "A collection of rates; a subset of scalar-interval.  Each element of money-rate is a measurement applied to something that is measured by money-per-amount; e.g., $1.14 per gallon, $10,000 per acre, $250 per week, $0.89 per pound.  Important subsets of money-rate include: money-per-volume-rate, money-per-area-rate, money-per-mass-rate, monetary-flow-rate.  The units for money-rate measures are terms such as dollars-per-square-foot, dollars-per-hour, Yen per kilo, etc.")

;;; money-tender-type
(isa money-tender-type collection)
(genls money-tender-type existing-object-type)
(comment money-tender-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of money-tender-type is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, etc.  Examples include currency, credit-card, travellers-check, money-order, postage-stamp, check--tender-object, etc.")

;;; money-transaction
(isa money-transaction temporal-object-type)
(isa money-transaction default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls money-transaction money-transfer)
(genls money-transaction commercial-activity)
(genls money-transaction transferring-possession)
(genls money-transaction transaction)
(comment money-transaction "A collection of events.  Each element of money-transaction is an event in which a transfer of money occurs.  Thus, buying something, investing, making a donation, executing a bequest and exchanging currency, are all examples of money-transaction events.")

;;; money-transfer
(isa money-transfer temporal-object-type)
(isa money-transfer script-type)
(genls money-transfer purposeful-action)
(genls money-transfer generalized-transfer)
(genls money-transfer transferring-possession)
(comment money-transfer "The most generic collection of events in which money changes hands.  Thus, in an instance of money-transfer, there is some way in which money transfers possession -- though `ownership' of the funds may or may not be transferred from and/or to the agents involved.  E.g., an ATM withdrawal from the user's own account, a utility payment made at one's local grocery store, buying a newspaper, getting change for a dollar from a cashier, are all examples of money-transfer events.  Compare this collection with its subset money-transaction; in money transactions, which are also elements of commercial-activity, not only is there a transfer of money, but it is done as part of an agreement (explicit or implicit) between the two participating agents that one will do something for the other -- something more than bookkeeping -- contingent upon the transfer of funds.")

;;; month-fn
(isa month-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa month-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa month-fn calendar-month)
(arg1-isa month-fn conventional-classification-type)
(arg1-isa month-fn annual-event-type)
(arg1-isa month-fn temporally-disjoint-interval-type)
(arg1-isa month-fn month-of-year-type)
(arg1-genl month-fn calendar-month)
(arg2-isa month-fn calendar-year)
(comment month-fn "(month-fn ?M ?YR) denotes a calendar-month -- in particular, the month of type ?M during ?YR.  For example, (month-fn february (year-fn 1966)) denotes Feb. of 1966.  Note that month-fn -- unlike day-fn, hour-fn, etc. -- does NOT take a number as its first argument.")

;;; month-of-year-type
(isa month-of-year-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls month-of-year-type collection)

;;; months-duration
(isa months-duration unit-of-time)
(isa months-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa months-duration unit-of-measure)
(result-isa months-duration scalar-interval)
(result-isa months-duration time--quantity)
(args-isa months-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment months-duration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.  An expression of the form (months-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min months and at most ?max months.  (months-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num months.")

;;; morning
(isa morning temporal-object-type)
(genls morning qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment morning "A morning is an event where the sun apparently `rises' and `moves' to its `highest' position in the daily cycle, i.e. from a sunrise to the ensuing noon (the latter of which is the starting-point of a time-of-day--noon-hour)  Each ?M which isa morning is contiguous-after an overnight, and an afternoon is contiguous-after ?M; and ?M overlaps the start of a midday.")

;;; motorboat
(isa motorboat product-type)
(isa motorboat existing-object-type)
(genls motorboat transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls motorboat boat--water-transportation-device)
(comment motorboat "The collection of all boats usually powered by motors (including in-board and out-board motors).  If a boat is primarily a sailboat, but has a back-up motor to use when becalmed or piloting, that is not enough to make it a Motorboat.  To be more precise, this collection is the intersection of boat--water-transportation-device, internal-combustion-powered-device and transportation-device--vehicle.")

;;; motorcycle
(isa motorcycle existing-object-type)
(genls motorcycle transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls motorcycle land-transportation-device)
(comment motorcycle "The collection of all motorcycles, two-wheeled motorized personal transport devices.  A motorcycle lacks a cab or compartment to protect the driver from wind and weather.  Since motorcycles are used both on and off road, this is not a spec of road-vehicle.")

;;; mountain
(isa mountain existing-object-type)
(genls mountain land-topographical-feature)
(genls mountain 
  (solid-fn earth-stuff))
(comment mountain "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of mountain is a geographical region of significantly higher elevation than its surrounding area.  Mountains may occur individually or as part of a chain (see mountain-range).  Examples: mount-whitney, diamond-head--mountain, mount-kosciusko, ayers-rock, mount-olympus.")

;;; mountain-range
(isa mountain-range existing-object-type)
(genls mountain-range 
  (mob-fn mountain))
(genls mountain-range land-topographical-feature)
(comment mountain-range "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of mountain-range is a natural group of mountains.  Examples: the rocky-mountains, andes--mountains, alps--mountains.")

;;; mouth
(isa mouth animal-body-part-type)
(isa mouth unique-anatomical-part-type)
(genls mouth biological-living-object)
(genls mouth animal-body-part)
(comment mouth "The collection of all animal mouths.  A mouth is a container animal-body-part of an animal.  It has an opening (a portal) to the region outside the organism.  Through that opening, the animal ingests tangible substances from the environment, such as food, water, air, etc.  Additional activities, such as chewing, may occur in the mouth, and it may participate in other activities such as talking, kissing, etc.")

;;; movement--non-periodic
(isa movement--non-periodic temporal-object-type)
(genls movement--non-periodic movement-event)
(comment movement--non-periodic "movement--non-periodic is a subset of movement-event.  Each element of this collection is an event in which the object-moving does not return to a previous location or orientation (either not at all or only in a chaotic fashion).  E.g., the motion of a basketball being dribbled by Magic Johnson as he runs downcourt.  For contrast, see movement--periodic.")

;;; movement--periodic
(isa movement--periodic temporal-stuff-type)
(genls movement--periodic movement-event)
(comment movement--periodic "A collection of events, and a subset of movement-event.  An element of this collection is an event in which the object-moving returns repeatedly to a certain location or orientation at more or less regular time intervals.  E.g., the motion of a seesaw one afternoon; the dribbling of a basketball in place by Magic Johnson; the motion of a slinky going down a staircase as it periodically changes its orientation through a fixed, repetive series of orientations.")

;;; movement--rotation
(isa movement--rotation temporal-object-type)
(genls movement--rotation movement-event)
(comment movement--rotation "movement--rotation is a subset of movement-event.  Elements of movement--rotation are those moving events in which the object-moving rotates about an internal or external axis.  For example, the daily rotation of the Earth on its axis, or the rotation of a clock hand about its fastened end.")

;;; movement--translation-event
(isa movement--translation-event temporal-object-type)
(isa movement--translation-event script-type)
(genls movement--translation-event translocation)
(genls movement--translation-event movement-event)
(comment movement--translation-event "This collection is a subset of movement-event.  An element of this set is an event in which the center of mass of the object-moving changes location, with respect to the relevant frame of reference.  Moreover, the moving object travels along some pathway--complete from its origin (from-location) to its stopping place (to-location) and must, at some point during the movement, be in a different location than it was at the start of motion (even if it ultimately returns to the origin).  So:  One special subset of translational movements includes those in which the movement ends in the same place it started from (e.g., one lap of a race car around the Indianapolis race trace; a trip to the grocery store and back); this subset is translation--no-location-change (including its subset translation--round-trip).  The other case is where the from-location and to-location of a movement--translation-event are different; in that case, the movement event is also an element of translation--location-change (e.g., the movement of the baseball during a home run hit by Roger Maris.)     Note that a stationary object cannot be an object-moving in a movement--translation-event, because it has a zero translational velocity.")

;;; movement--translation-process
(isa movement--translation-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa movement--translation-process script-type)
(genls movement--translation-process movement-process)
(genls movement--translation-process movement--translation-event)
(comment movement--translation-process "movement--translation-process is the subset of movement--translation-event whose elements can be pragmatically considered to be continuous processes.  In any instance of movement--translation-process, all time-slices of that process are also themselves elements of movement--translation-process.  
Note that walking is a type of movement--translation-process, even though it involves some nonzero accelerations and jerks.
A non-example would be a plot of the various residences you've lived in (``moved to'') over the course of your lifetime; another non-example would be Captain Kirk beaming up to the Enterprise; another would be the ``tunneling'' of an electron in a tunnel diode.
Note:  If you believe in quantum mechanics, then ultimately all physical motion is series of discrete, discontinous ``hops''.   This is where ``PRAGMATICALLY'' continuous vs. discontinuous comes in; i.e., in a quantum physics context some particular motion might be considered discontinuous, whereas in some naive everyday context that same motion is considered continuous.")

;;; movement-event
(isa movement-event temporal-object-type)
(isa movement-event script-type)
(genls movement-event physical-event)
(genls movement-event generalized-transfer)
(comment movement-event "movement-event is the most general collection of events which are physical movements.  Each element of movement-event is an action primarily about some element(s) of partially-tangible rotating or translating, periodically or nonperiodically, with respect to some frame of reference which is not a part of the object-moving.  Thus, Neil Armstrong stepping from the lunar landing module onto the Moon's surface is an instance of movement-event.  Another element of this collection: the turning of the Earth on its axis 31 times during the month of August 1996.  Li Xiaoshuang's compulsory floor exercise in the 1996 Olympics Men's Gymnastics Team Competition is also a (complex!) movement event.  















Note on what is NOT included in this concept:  Consider a person raising her hand and waving, or a tree whose branches are bending in a strong wind:  the person and the tree are remaining in the same place, so that person and that tree are not moving in the sense of movement-event (though the hand and the branches are).  In other words, `performers' which do not, as a whole, rotate or translate are not actors in any element of movement-event.  However, the waving person and tree events would have sub-events which DO belong to movement-event, in which a hand, a branch, etc., `moves' in this sense.  Note also that elements of transformation-event, such as a caterpillar turning into a butterfly, or of shaping-something, such as molding a piece of clay into the bust of Napoleon, are also not necessarily elements of this collection, because they do not involve motion of the whole object with respect to some frame of reference that is different from the object's.  (See also frame-of-reference.)















Note: When classifying something into movement-event, one should consider (1) is it translational or rotational motion?  (2) is it periodic or nonperiodic?  (3) does it involve a continuous flow or a discrete (an object or objects moving completely from one place to another) motion? (4) does it involve a location change or no location change? (5) does it involve a single pathway or more than one?  Based on the answers to those questions, one or more of these subsets of movement-event may more precisely represent the moving: movement--translation-event, movement--rotation, movement--periodic, movement--non-periodic, translation--flow, translation--complete, translation--single-path, translation--multi-path.")
(synonymous-external-concept movement-event s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MOTION-PROCESS")

;;; movement-process
(isa movement-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa movement-process script-type)
(genls movement-process movement-event)
(comment movement-process "movement-process is a subset of movement-event.  Its elements are those movement-events which can be considered as continuous motions.  That is, (1) motion happens without interruption throughout a movement-process, and thus (2) every time-slice of a movement-process is also a movement-process.")

;;; multi-directional-communication
(isa multi-directional-communication script-type)
(genls multi-directional-communication communicating)
(comment multi-directional-communication "A collection of complex information transfer events.  Each element of multi-directional-communication is an event in which more than one agent is involved as a sender-of-info.  For example, a conversation or a debate, as opposed to a speech or lecture.  The predicate info-contributed is used to correlate each sending agent with the information s/he transmits in such an event.  For communication acts having only one sender, see communication-act--single.")

;;; multi-graph
(isa multi-graph collection)
(genls multi-graph set-with-structure)
(comment multi-graph "An instance of path-system-type and a subcollection of path-system.  Each instance of multi-graph is an instance of path-system in which the only points are nodes in the system and all paths are made of links (i.e., no intermediate points along links). Sometime such a system is called a graph or multi-graph in graph theory.  A multi-graph consists of nodes interconnected by links, with loops on single nodes allowed, and with multiple links between the same two nodes also allowed.  (For a graph with no parallel links and no loops, see simple-graph--graph-theoretic.")

;;; muscle-powered-device
(isa muscle-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls muscle-powered-device kinetic-energy-powered-device)
(comment muscle-powered-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of muscle-powered-device is a device which is powered by animal muscle power (including human labor); e.g., hammers, horse-drawn carriages, etc.")

;;; muscle-tissue
(isa muscle-tissue existing-stuff-type)
(genls muscle-tissue biological-living-object)
(genls muscle-tissue solid-tangible-thing)
(comment muscle-tissue "The collection of all instances of muscle tissue, considered as an organic-stuff; that is, the collection of all tissue composing the biological organs that convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.  E.g., the elements of biceps, triceps, heart, stomach, all consist of some type of muscle-tissue.")

;;; muscular-system
(isa muscular-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls muscular-system animal-body-part)
(comment muscular-system "The collection of all animals' muscle systems.  A muscular-system of an animal is composed of all its muscles, considered as a functional whole.  As a system, they work together to enable foot motions in locomotion, pumping in circulation, breathing in respiration, biting and chewing and swallowing in eating, etc.")

;;; music
(isa music temporal-stuff-type)
(genls music sound-information-bearing-thing)
(comment music "A collection of sounds; a subset of sound-information-bearing-thing.  Each element of music is a sound produced by actions such as singing, whistling, playing an instrument, playing recorded music, etc.  Music has certain features that distinguish it from random noise (though recognizing them may depend upon a specific cultural background); such features usually include variations of pitch over time (i.e., melody), multiple (somehow) related pitches sounding at one time (i.e., some kind of harmony), and/or some regular temporal pattern to the component sounds (i.e., rhythm).  Examples of music include: the debut performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony; Leonard Bernstein's rendition of the Ninth Symphony with the BPO in Berlin in 1989; a particular playing of a particular CD of Bernstein's 1989 Ninth in Berlin; the Messiah sing-in in Austin, TX, in 1995.")

;;; mutually-disjoint-interval-collection
(isa mutually-disjoint-interval-collection collection)
(genls mutually-disjoint-interval-collection collection)
(comment mutually-disjoint-interval-collection "A collection of collections.  Any element, X, which is an element of mutually-disjoint-interval-collection is a collection of interval types X1, X2, X3,..., whose instances are temporally-disjoint; that is, each instance of X1 has no temporal intersection with any instance of X2 or X3 or...; each instance of X2 has no temporal intersection with any instance of X1 or X3 or...; etc.  For example, consider day-of-week-type, whose instances are monday, tuesday,...   It is true that (isa day-of-week-type mutually-disjoint-interval-collection), because no Monday can temporally intersect any Tuesday or Wednesday or....; no Tuesday can temporally intersect any Monday or Wednesday or...; etc.  Other elements of mutually-disjoint-interval-collection include day-of-week-type, calendar-season-type, hour-of-day-type, and so on.  See also temporally-disjoint-interval-type.")

;;; n-tuple-interval
(isa n-tuple-interval object-type)
(genls n-tuple-interval tuple)
(genls n-tuple-interval attribute-value)
(comment n-tuple-interval "A collection of mathematical objects; a subset of tuple.  Each element of n-tuple-interval is a tuple (an ordered list of items) whose items are intervals.  For example, vectors and complex numbers, as well as scalar intervals (which are one-tuples).  Note that intervals in Cyc may be numerical, or they may be intervals along any scale with distinguishable gradations (e.g., riskiness, alertness, roughness of texture).")

;;; named-roadway
(isa named-roadway existing-object-type)
(genls named-roadway street--generic)
(comment named-roadway "The collection of named parts (stretches or segments) of roadways.  (Not roadway the stuff.)  Instances are named pieces of roadways (or highways or streets) which have names and lengths, and (usually) intersect with other roads. ")

;;; narrative
(isa narrative object-type)
(genls narrative propositional-information-thing)
(comment narrative "A collection of pieces of information; a subset of propositional-information-thing.  Each element of narrative is a recounting of events, told in sequence (or so that their temporal order is decipherable) and involving some agent or members of a set of agents.  Narratives may be factual or fictional; thus, the agents involved may be real people or fictional characters.  Examples: the peloponnesian-war-history-by-thucydides, the frankenstein--novel of Mary Shelley, Mark Twain's adventures-of-huckleberry-finn.")

;;; national-organization
(isa national-organization existing-object-type)
(genls national-organization organization)
(comment national-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of national-organization is an organization which has nationwide `scope' -- that is, nationwide distribution (throughout some country) of members and/or activities, as opposed to to local, state-wide or international organizations.  Examples: the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Daughters of the American Revolution in the United States; the Red Guards and the Young Pioneers in China (PROC).")

;;; national-postal-service
(isa national-postal-service existing-object-type)
(genls national-postal-service service-organization)
(genls national-postal-service legal-government-organization)
(comment national-postal-service "A collection of national postal services run by the governments of their particular countries.  The United States Postal Service would be an example, but United Parcel Service, since it is a private business, wouldn't be.")

;;; national-tax-agency
(isa national-tax-agency existing-object-type)
(genls national-tax-agency legal-government-organization)
(comment national-tax-agency "A collection of government organizations.  An element of national-tax-agency is a revenue agency that is part of the government of a country and which is concerned primarily with collecting tax money (from national taxes) from the residents of that country.  This collection does NOT include customs agencies and agencies that collect minor fees only.")

;;; nationality
(isa nationality collection)
(genls nationality human-culture-type)
(comment nationality "A collection of collections.  Each nationality is the set of people resident in (or visiting for a long term) some country -- e.g., american-person, trinidad-and-tobago-person, etc.")

;;; natural-language
(isa natural-language object-type)
(genls natural-language language)
(comment natural-language "The collection of languages which are used for human communication and evolved naturally. This includes dead languages such as Ancient Greek and Latin but excludes concocted languages such as Esperanto.")

;;; natural-tangible-stuff
(isa natural-tangible-stuff existing-stuff-type)
(genls natural-tangible-stuff tangible-thing)
(comment natural-tangible-stuff "A collection of naturally occurring tangible things.  Each element of natural-tangible-stuff is a naturally occurring tangible thing, including, for example, elements of its subsets earth-stuff, wood, and air.  Man-made materials are NOT included in natural-tangible-stuff.")

;;; naval-ship-base
(isa naval-ship-base existing-object-type)
(genls naval-ship-base contact-location)
(genls naval-ship-base humanly-occupied-spatial-object)
(genls naval-ship-base grounds-of-organization)
(comment naval-ship-base "The collection of all naval bases with facilities for modern-naval-ships, or operated by a navy.")

;;; navigating
(isa navigating temporal-stuff-type)
(isa navigating script-type)
(genls navigating purposeful-action)
(genls navigating thinking)
(comment navigating "The collection of all events in which the performer determines the location of an object in some frame of reference, and determines the direction the object should travel to reach some destination.  Navigating usually involves using some devices (compass, clock, etc.) as aids")

;;; navigation-device
(isa navigation-device existing-object-type)
(genls navigation-device solid-tangible-thing)
(genls navigation-device physical-device)
(comment navigation-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of navigation-device is a device used for navigating, i.e., for taking the bearings and plotting the course of someone or something travelling through some medium, usually in some transportation device.  Instances include the simplest elements of compass, but also sophisticated GPS (geopositioning systems utilizing satellites.)")

;;; navy
(isa navy existing-object-type)
(genls navy military-organization)
(comment navy "A collection of military organizations.  An element of navy is a military organization, modern or historical, composed mainly of seaborne forces and/or forces responsible for military operations on water and adjacent coastal areas.  Includes battleships and aircraft carriers (with their battle groups), submarines, shore patrol vessels, and special forces, as well as the support personnel of naval bases.")

;;; navy-personnel
(isa navy-personnel occupation-type)
(genls navy-personnel military-person)
(comment navy-personnel "A collection of people, a subset 
of military-person. Each element of this collection is
somebody who works for a navy.")

;;; negative-integer
(isa negative-integer measurable-attribute-type)
(genls negative-integer integer)
(genls negative-integer negative-number)
(comment negative-integer "negative-integer is a subset of integer.  Each element of negative-integer is a whole number less than zero; thus, -4, but not 0 or 4 or -4.3.")

;;; negative-number
(isa negative-number measurable-attribute-type)
(genls negative-number real-number)
(comment negative-number "negative-number is a subset of real-number.  Each element of negative-number is a real number that is less than zero; thus, it includes -0.17, but not 0 or 5 or 0.17.")

;;; negotiating
(isa negotiating temporal-stuff-type)
(isa negotiating default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls negotiating communicating)
(genls negotiating thinking)
(comment negotiating "A collection of communicating events.  In a negotiating, an agent communicates facts and changes in the agent's attitude or conditions to another agent, with the (ostensible) purpose of their reaching an agreement.")

;;; nervous-system
(isa nervous-system unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa nervous-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls nervous-system animal-body-part)
(comment nervous-system "The collection of all animals' nervous systems.  A nervous-system is composed of all its nerves, brain, etc., and enables the animal to sense things and react to them both by instinct (spinal reflex) and deliberation (brain).")

;;; nervousness
(isa nervousness feeling-attribute-type)
(genls nervousness feeling-attribute)
(comment nervousness "Feeling of nervousness and excitability.  One can be nervous ABOUT something in particular, or one can have undirected feelings of anxiety.   For the former, state an assertion of the form (feels-towards-object ?AGT ?OBJ nervousness ?DEGREE) or (feels-towards-event ?AGT ?EVNT nervousness ?DEGREE); but for the latter (undirected feelings of anxiety) use (feels-emotion ?AGT nervousness).
Note: This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  A more specialized feeling-attribute-type than nervousness is panic.")

;;; neutron
(isa neutron existing-object-type)
(genls neutron nucleon)
(comment neutron "A collection of objects; a subset of nucleon.  Each instance of neutron is a nucleon which has an electrical-charge of 0.")

;;; news
(isa news stuff-type)
(genls news propositional-information-thing)
(comment news "A collection of abstract (intangible) informational items.  Each element of news consists of some factual information about recent events in the world (or geographical-sub-regions thereof).  News is commonly embodied in newspapers and communicated through radio and television news broadcasts.")

;;; night
(isa night script-type)
(isa night temporal-object-type)
(genls night qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment night "night is the temporal complement of daytime-hours:  each night is contiguous-after one daytime-hours, and vice versa.  Each night intersects two different calendar-days.  Each night is temporally-started-by a dusk, temporally-finished-by a dawn, contiguous-after a sunset, and has a sunrise which is contiguous-after it.")

;;; no-amount-fn
(isa no-amount-fn generic-value-function)
(result-isa no-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa no-amount-fn primitive-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl no-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(comment no-amount-fn "NoAmountFn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of individual-denoting-function.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' values for a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (no-amount-fn ATT) returns a zero amount of ATT.  For example, (no-amount-fn elasticity) represents zero elasticity and is the property of things that don't re-expand at all following compression; e.g.,instances of ceramic, silicon, or sugar--generic.")

;;; noble-gas
(isa noble-gas tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls noble-gas element-stuff)
(comment noble-gas "All pieces of all substances that are comprised of one type of noble gas")

;;; node-fn
(isa node-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa node-fn set-or-collection)
(arg1-isa node-fn thing)
(comment node-fn "For each path-system SYS, (node-fn SYS) denotes the set of all nodes in SYS (see path-system).  Note that the function node-fn and the predicate node-in-system are interdefinable.  We normally use node-fn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can replace each (node-in-system X SYS) by (element-of X (node-fn SYS)).")

;;; non-exclusive-user-rights
(isa non-exclusive-user-rights user-rights-attribute)
(comment non-exclusive-user-rights "An attribute of an object with respect to an agent, meaning that the agent has non-exclusive use of the object.  All agents can claim this use-right to an object if any agent can.  This attribute is not the same as group-user-rights-attribute, as there is no specific group to which agents must belong in order to claim this right.  This is typically used for things so fundamental we hardly consider them `rights.'  E.g., the right to breathe air, use public parking lots, walk the streets as a free person, drive on public roads, etc.  If you think about it, though, you'll realize that there is an implicit `group' that can exercise each of those rights.  So think of it this way:  one can define the group explicitly as a group, and then assert that each member has group-user-rights-attribute (e.g., the group of licensed drivers has the right to drive on public roads), or one could define a context, a microtheory, in which performers of actions defaulted to members of that group, and in that context the right (e.g., the right to drive on a public road) would be a non-exclusive-user-rights.")

;;; non-leap-year
(isa non-leap-year temporal-object-type)
(genls non-leap-year calendar-year)
(comment non-leap-year "The collection of calendar-years which are not leap years; i.e., calendar years in which February has 28 days")

;;; non-negative-integer
(isa non-negative-integer collection)
(isa non-negative-integer measurable-attribute-type)
(genls non-negative-integer integer)
(genls non-negative-integer non-negative-scalar-interval)
(genls non-negative-integer non-negative-number)
(comment non-negative-integer "non-negative-integer is the subset of integer that excludes the negative integers.  Each element of non-negative-integer is a whole number greater than or equal to zero, e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, ....")

;;; non-negative-number
(isa non-negative-number measurable-attribute-type)
(genls non-negative-number real-number)
(comment non-negative-number "non-negative-number is the subset of real-number that excludes the negative reals.  Each element of non-negative-number is a  number greater than or equal to zero, e.g., 0, 0.173, Pi, 4, 101, ....")

;;; non-negative-scalar-interval
(isa non-negative-scalar-interval collection)
(genls non-negative-scalar-interval scalar-interval)
(comment non-negative-scalar-interval "For a measurable non-negative quantity, the ordered sequence of possible values may be thought of as a line. non-negative-scalar-intervals are the line segments (or points) on such a line,  representing a range of consecutive values, all equal to or greater than 0.  The most common case is where the line is just the non-negative part of the Real Number Line, and in fact where the non-negative-scalar-interval is either a contiguous set of points there (i.e., a range of numbers) or just a single point there (i.e., a number). Another common case is where the line has some unit of measure marked off, such as meters.")

;;; non-person-animal
(isa non-person-animal existing-object-type)
(genls non-person-animal animal)
(comment non-person-animal "The collection of all animals that are not persons.")
(synonymous-external-concept non-person-animal s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONHUMAN-ANIMAL")

;;; non-physical-part-predicate
(isa non-physical-part-predicate predicate-category)
(genls non-physical-part-predicate part-predicate)
(comment non-physical-part-predicate "A collection of predicates. Instances of non-physical-part-predicate are used to describe the relationship between a partially-intangible and its non-physical parts.")

;;; non-powered-device
(isa non-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls non-powered-device physical-device)
(comment non-powered-device "A collection of tangible objects; a subset of physical-device.  An instance of non-powered-device is a device which is `inert' as opposed to being powered in any way.  Non-powered devices do not need to have any kind of energy supplied to them in order to function -- not even kinetic energy supplied by a user (except perhaps to move them into place).  E.g., a coat hanger.  Once you hang a coat up on it, it does its function without any motion, without any energy being converted or used, etc.  So this collection is a much smaller collection that than consisting merely of devices which don't require fuel or electricity (e.g., a hammer).  It should be noted that an inert device need not be stationary during use (though many are); for example, tires are inert devices in the sense that once they are placed on a vehicle they don't require any energy input to do their job, which is, in essence `hanging onto a wheel no matter what!'.  A steering wheel, on the other hand, is not a non-powered-device.  Further examples of non-powered-devices include a table, a floor mat, a bookshelf, an auto ramp, a bookmark, a support column, and a shirt.")

;;; non-predicate-function
(isa non-predicate-function relation-type)
(isa non-predicate-function collection)
(genls non-predicate-function function-the-mathematical-type)
(comment non-predicate-function "The collection of functions in the Cyc language whose uses are to be treated as NATs (non-atomic terms).  In other words, these functions, when applied to arguments, form new terms that may then freely appear as arguments in other CycL expressions.  For example, consider government-fn.  It takes one argument, such as france, and the resulting NAT --- in this case (government-fn france) --- can be used anywhere in CycL expressions that an instance of regional-government could occur.  We could, instead, have created a specific new term `GovernmentOfFrance', asserted that it isa regional-government, etc., but by having NATs we can drastically reduce the total size of the Cyc vocabulary of constant terms.  



This collection does not include: 

1) abstract functions, like the one-to-one function that must exist between the positive integers and the rational numbers; 

2) Lambda functions (functions which bind variables in arbitrary CycL expressions; the-set-of is an example); 

3) Predicates.  Predicates can be thought of as functions from a set of arguments to a truth value.  Wffs that start with a predicate can even serve as terms, i.e., as arguments to other predicates, but when they do so they can't just be replaced with their truth value!  So predicate is a subset of function-the-mathematical-type but not a subset of non-predicate-function.")

;;; non-profit-corporation
(isa non-profit-corporation existing-object-type)
(genls non-profit-corporation legal-corporation)
(genls non-profit-corporation non-profit-organization)
(comment non-profit-corporation "A collection of corporations; a subset of both legal-corporation and non-profit-organization.  An element of non-profit-corporation is a legal-corporation which is engaged in non-profit or not-for-profit activities.  Typically, (unlike commercial corporations,) non-profit corporations have no shareholders or owners, although they are commonly governed by a board (cf. board-of-directors).  Many non-profit organizations are incorporated, including charities, political action groups, clubs, and political parties.  Most have official non-profit standing with a government.  Because they are non-profit organizations, non-profit corporations do not pay corporate income taxes.  For the broader class of non-profit entities, see non-profit-organization.")

;;; non-profit-employee
(isa non-profit-employee occupation-type)
(genls non-profit-employee professional)
(comment non-profit-employee "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of non-profit-employee is a worker who is employed by a non-profit organization such as a college, museum, or charity foundation.")

;;; non-profit-organization
(isa non-profit-organization existing-object-type)
(genls non-profit-organization organization)
(comment non-profit-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of non-profit-organization is an organization whose activities are not conducted for the profit of any owner.  Thus, non-profit organizations are typically exempt from business taxes.  Most non-profit organizations are charities, clubs, schools, political action groups, political parties, or churches.  See also the specialization non-profit-corporation.")

;;; non-published-text
(isa non-published-text existing-object-type)
(genls non-published-text textual-material)
(comment non-published-text "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  non-published-text is that subset of textual-material whose elements are text that has not yet been published (such as a rejected book manuscript) and may not even be intended for publication (such as a memo or personal letter).")

;;; non-verbal-communicating
(isa non-verbal-communicating temporal-stuff-type)
(isa non-verbal-communicating default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls non-verbal-communicating communicating)
(comment non-verbal-communicating "A collection of information
transfer events; a subset of communicating.  Each element of
non-verbal-communicating is a transmission of information by means of
some bodily movement other than speaking.  Subsets include
shaking-hands and cuddling, since such actions by definition are
communications involving two actors.  (Note that making-a-gesture
(q.v.) is NOT a subset of non-verbal-communicating; instances of
making-a-gesture are merely information-encodings.  They may or may
not be sub-events of non-verbal-communicating events.)")
(synonymous-external-concept non-verbal-communicating s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-VERBAL-COMMUNICATIVE-ACT")

;;; nonintrusive-junction
(isa nonintrusive-junction region-type)
(genls nonintrusive-junction junction-of-paths)
(comment nonintrusive-junction "The collection of junctions or crossings of path--generics in each of which: one path crosses, or its end joins the side of, another path of the same, or possibly a completely different, type, without so intruding upon or affecting the path as to cause it to be different in nature or name on either side of that junction. (Examples: A small side street joins a major boulevard and the boulevard does not change name or size at the junction.  A hallway ends at another hall, but only allows looking through a window into it.  A railroad crossing.  A small vein is one of the side-branches of a large vein and the name of the large vein doesn't change at that point.)")

;;; nonlexical-linguistic-object
(isa nonlexical-linguistic-object linguistic-object-type)
(genls nonlexical-linguistic-object linguistic-object)
(comment nonlexical-linguistic-object "The collection of linguistic objects which are not morphemes, but which nonetheless make up part of a language system; e.g., the parts of speech.")

;;; north--directly
(isa north--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa north--directly geographical-direction)
(genl-attributes north--directly north--generally)
(comment north--directly "Due North, an element of terrestrial-direction.")

;;; north--generally
(isa north--generally geographical-direction)
(comment north--generally "The general direction of North.  The element of vector-interval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of north--directly.")

;;; north-east--directly
(isa north-east--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa north-east--directly geographical-direction)
(comment north-east--directly "The precise Northeast direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; north-east--generally
(isa north-east--generally geographical-direction)
(comment north-east--generally "The general direction of NorthEast.  The vector-interval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as north-east--directly.")

;;; north-west--directly
(isa north-west--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa north-west--directly geographical-direction)
(comment north-west--directly "The precise Northwest direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; north-west--generally
(isa north-west--generally geographical-direction)
(comment north-west--generally "The general direction of NorthWest.  The vector-interval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as north-west--directly.")

;;; nose
(isa nose unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa nose animal-body-part-type)
(genls nose sensor)
(genls nose organ)
(comment nose "Facial organ used in smelling and breathing")

;;; note-about-giving-generic-value-functions-numeric-values
(isa note-about-giving-generic-value-functions-numeric-values shared-note)
(comment note-about-giving-generic-value-functions-numeric-values "In some contexts, users may wish to ground elements of generic-value-function by linking them to numeric `real world' measurements.  E.g. In a driving-on-the-highway-context, one might wish to define (medium-amount-fn speed) as `between 50 and 60 miles per hour'.  The way to assert this is as follows:  (and (min-quant-value (medium-amount-fn speed) (miles-per-hour 50))(max-quant-value (medium-amount-fn speed)(#$miles-per-hour 60))).")

;;; note-about-predicate-categories
(isa note-about-predicate-categories shared-note)
(comment note-about-predicate-categories "Predicates in Cyc are organized into collections.  While some, like binary-predicate, are logically well-founded and are referenced in axioms and in the code which implements Cyc, others, though based on some intuitively plausible criteria, are involved in few (if any) axioms and are therefore not integral to Cyc's ontology.  Collections which fall into the latter class are generally under review at this time and are flagged with this shared-notes.")

;;; note-about-scalar-interval-max-and-min
(isa note-about-scalar-interval-max-and-min shared-note)
(comment note-about-scalar-interval-max-and-min "If there are two arguments to a unit-of-measure function, as in (meter 5 6), the first number is interpreted as the (inclusive) minimum, and the second number as the (inclusive) maximum.  Thus, (meter 5 6) means `between 5 and 6 meters long, inclusive'.  If only one argument follows an element of unit-of-measure, as in (meter 3), it is interpreted as a shorthand for (meter 3 3).  In other words, (meter 3 3) means `exactly 3 meters'.  When a function belonging to unit-of-measure is applied to a single argument, the value it returns must be an element of scalar-point-value.")

;;; note-about-stating-exceptions-in-cyc-l
(isa note-about-stating-exceptions-in-cyc-l shared-note)
(comment note-about-stating-exceptions-in-cyc-l "The formula
  (except-when
    P(?x0 ... ?xn)
    Q(?x0 ... ?xn)))

states that, in situations where assertion Q would apply to a set of
bindings for variables ?x0 ... ?xn, the conclusion is allowed 
`except when'
  P(?x0 ... ?xn)
is true for these variable bindings.  The formula
  (except-for [term] Q(?x0))
states that, in situations where assertion Q would apply to a variable
?x0, the conclusion is allowed `except for' the situations where [term]
is the binding for ?x0.  To be well-formed, Q must be a rule with
exactly one free variable.

By definition, except-for is merely syntactic sugar:
  (except-for [term] Q(?x0)) 
  <=> 
  (except-when (equals ?x0 [term]) Q(?x0))
Since an except-when statement is a meta-statement about some rule 
Q(?x0 ... ?xn), the statement is not well-formed if Q(?x0 ... ?xn) is
not already an assertion in the KB.  Also, strictly speaking, P and Q in
the except-when merely must share some variables rather than all
variables as it's been written above.

These constructs replace `abnormal' at the EL (epistemological level).  Old assertions of the form:

  (implies
    P(?x0 ... ?xn)
    (abnormal R(?x0 ... ?xn) Q(?x0 ... ?xn)))

become:

  (except-when
    P(?x0 ... ?xn)
    Q(?x0 ... ?xn))

The predicate `abnormal' has not actually gone away, but was modified for use as the HL (Heuristic Level) implementation of except-when.  Like term-of-unit, `abnormal' should be viewed as an inference-maintained predicate, and human beings should not be manually asserting things using `abnormal.' 

;;;
;; EXAMPLES
;;;

Rule1: `birds fly'
(implies
  (isa ?BIRD bird)
  (behavior-capable ?BIRD flying--flapping-wings performed-by))

Exception1: `for penguins, the ``birds fly'' rule does not apply'
(except-when (isa ?BIRD penguin) [Rule1])

Exception2: `the ``birds fly'' rule does not apply to Tweety'
(except-for Tweety [Rule1])

Exception3: `for an animal with an injured wing, the ``birds fly'' rule does not apply'
(except-when
  (and (anatomical-parts ?BIRD ?WING) (isa ?WING wing--animal-body-part) (has-physiological-attributes ?WING injured))
  [Rule1])

Rule2: ``dogs who like the same cat like each other''
(implies
 (?and  (isa ?DOG1 dog) (isa ?DOG2 dog) (isa ?CAT cat) (likes-as-friend ?DOG1 ?CAT) (likes-as-friend ?DOG2 ?CAT))
 (likes-as-friend ?DOG1 ?DOG2))

Exception3: `Rex does not like other dogs according to ``Rule2'''
(except-when (equals ?DOG1 Rex) [Rule2])

Exception4: `Fifi is not liked by other dogs according to `Rule2'''
(except-when (equals ?DOG2 Fifi) [Rule2])

Exception5: `Morris is not such a cat according to ``Rule2'''
(except-when (equals ?CAT Morris) [Rule2])")

;;; note-for-unit-of-measure-with-prefix-and-no-prefix
(isa note-for-unit-of-measure-with-prefix-and-no-prefix shared-note)
(comment note-for-unit-of-measure-with-prefix-and-no-prefix "Elements of unit-of-measure-no-prefix denote units of measure that don't have a multiplicative prefix (e.g. `kilo', `micro', `billion').  inch and meters-per-second are such elements.  On the other hand, elements of unit-of-measure-with-prefix do have multiplicative prefixes; examples include centimeters-per-second, (micro gram), kilo-watt, and grams-per-milliliter.  We need these constants in order to prevent references to terms such as ((micro (micro gram)) 5) or ((kilo (centimeters-per-second)) 3.2).  If we didn't have these restrictions, equal quantities would allow for an undesirable level of possible names for a quantity, e.g. ((micro (kilo gram)) 1) would refer to the same quantity as ((kilo (micro gram)) 1) would refer to the same quantity as (gram .001), etc.")

;;; november
(isa november month-of-year-type)
(genls november calendar-month)

;;; now
(isa now indexical-concept)
(isa now time-point)
(comment now "now is a special time-point which denotes the `current' moment.  The exact interpretation will vary from one context to another.  In a problem solving context it often means `the time at which the inference is occuring'.")

;;; nth
(isa nth reifiable-function)
(result-isa nth thing)
(arg1-isa nth series)
(arg2-isa nth positive-integer)
(comment nth "(nth SER N) denotes the Nth member of the series SER, provided that N is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to the series-length of SER.")

;;; nuclear-powered-device
(isa nuclear-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls nuclear-powered-device powered-device)
(comment nuclear-powered-device "A collection of physical devices; a subset of powered-device.  An instance of nuclear-powered-device is a device which uses nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reactions as a source of power.  Examples include elements of nuclear-submarine and nuclear-weapon.")

;;; nucleon
(isa nucleon existing-object-type)
(genls nucleon sub-atomic-particle)
(comment nucleon "A collection of objects; a subset of sub-atomic-particle.  Each instance of nucleon is a subatomic particle normally found in some atomic nucleus.   nucleon has two subsets, proton and neutron.  Every instance of atomic-nucleus is composed of some number of nucleons.")

;;; nucleus-fn
(isa nucleus-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa nucleus-fn existing-object-type)
(result-genl nucleus-fn atomic-nucleus)
(arg1-isa nucleus-fn element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons)
(arg1-genl nucleus-fn element-stuff)
(comment nucleus-fn "nucleus-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function.  nucleus-fn takes an instance of element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons (q.v.) as its single argument and returns a collection of all the atomic nucleii belonging to element-stuff of that type.  Thus, (nucleus-fn E) denotes a subset of atomic-nucleus whose elements all have the same number of protons. For example, (nucleus-fn carbon) is the collection of carbon nuclei, each of which has six protons.")

;;; number--general
(isa number--general object-type)
(genls number--general mathematical-object)
(comment number--general "A collection of mathematical
objects. This is the most general class of numbers,
including real-numbers, complex-numbers, various
values of infinity such as Aleph Null, and whatever else might count
as a number in mathematics.")
(synonymous-external-concept number--general s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NUMBER")

;;; numeric-comparison
(isa numeric-comparison relation-type)
(genls numeric-comparison binary-predicate)
(comment numeric-comparison "A collection comprising the predicates used to compare elements of scalar-interval.  Examples: greater-than-or-equal-to, greater-than, numerically-equal.  Note that `less than' and `less than or equal to' are simply inverses of greater-than and greater-than-or-equal-to.  E.g., in Cyc `A is less than B' is written as (greater-than B A).")
(overlapping-external-concept numeric-comparison s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SCALED-COMPARISON")
(synonymous-external-concept numeric-comparison s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NUMBER-FOCUSING")

;;; nurse
(isa nurse medical-specialty-type)
(genls nurse medical-care-professional)
(comment nurse "The class of health professionals who provide various aspects of hands-on health care to patients.  Nurses do not usually diagnose or decide on treatments, but they administer medicines and treatments, perform medical tests, give regular care to hospitalized patients, etc.")

;;; nutrient
(isa nutrient tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls nutrient edible-stuff)
(comment nutrient "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of nutrient is a substances considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of a person or animal.  Nutrients in food or pills are often listed on the package label.  Some types of nutrient include its subsets edible-sodium, protein, edible-calcium, edible-iron, vitamin.")

;;; object-type
(isa object-type collection)
(genls object-type collection)
(comment object-type "A collection of collections.  Elements of object-type more or less correspond to count nouns in the following way: If COL is an element of object-type, and ITEM is any element of COL, then if you divide ITEM into two pieces, you do NOT generally end up with two elements of COL.  Another way of thinking of this is:  If you take several elements of COL, and put them together, the result is generally not another element of COL.  Sample instances of object-type are automobile (the set of all cars);  leap-year (the set of all leap years).  See the comment for stuff-type to find out more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: stuff-type, object-type, existing-stuff-type, and existing-object-type.")

;;; obtaining-permission
(isa obtaining-permission temporal-object-type)
(isa obtaining-permission default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls obtaining-permission transaction)
(comment obtaining-permission "The collection of events in which one agent gets permission from another agent to do something.")

;;; occupation-type
(isa occupation-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls occupation-type person-by-activity-type)
(genls occupation-type position-type)
(comment occupation-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of occupation-type is a collection of workers, based on their kinds of work; each of those workers is an element of (isa) professional.  Elements of occupation-type represent all kinds of jobs, not just the kinds of occupations colloquially considered `professional'.  Elements of occupation-type include the collections computer-programmer-professional, food-service-employee, medical-care-professional, baseball-umpire, sales-representative, brewer, gymnast, and many others.  Also see professional, position-type.")

;;; ocean
(isa ocean spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls ocean sea)
(comment ocean "A collection of topographical features.  Each instance of ocean is one of the oceans of the world.  This includes the-ocean-sea, the interconnected expanse of salt water covering 71% of the Earth's surface, and of which the other oceans are subregions.  Examples: atlantic-ocean, arctic-ocean, indian-ocean, pacific-ocean.")

;;; ocean-liner
(isa ocean-liner existing-object-type)
(genls ocean-liner transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls ocean-liner ship)
(comment ocean-liner "The subcollection of Ship that contains all ocean liners, i.e., ships that by design can transport a large number of people across oceans.")

;;; october
(isa october month-of-year-type)
(genls october calendar-month)

;;; offer
(isa offer object-type)
(genls offer illocutionary-force)
(comment offer "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of offer consists of a piece of information contained (perhaps implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention of volunteering to perform the action described in that utterance and/or to bring about the situation described therein, on the condition that the listener accept the offer.  An offer may be made with additional conditions as well.  When an offer is accepted (and all conditions are true), the speaker of the offer incurs an obligation.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also illocutionary-force, offering--communication-act.")

;;; offering--communication-act
(isa offering--communication-act temporal-object-type)
(isa offering--communication-act default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls offering--communication-act communication-act--single)
(comment offering--communication-act "A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts.
In each element of this collection,
somebody offers to do something, furnish something, make
something the case, etc. See also the
illocutionary-force associated with these actions,
offer.")
(synonymous-external-concept offering--communication-act s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OFFER")
(synonymous-external-concept offering--communication-act s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COMMISSIVE-ACT")

;;; official-document
(isa official-document existing-object-type)
(genls official-document hardcopy-information-bearing-object)
(comment official-document "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of official-document is a document that can be used as the basis, proof, or support of some fact (such as a person's nationality, marital status, credit, or qualifications; or the ownership or transfer of property; etc.).  Official documents are typically generated, issued, and certified by the relevant institutions (as with passports or stock certificates), but they also include unique personal documents (such as holographic wills) which meet certain standards to be accepted in support of facts. Examples of official-document: birth certificates, tax returns, passports, insurance policies, postage stamps, receipts, packing slips, student ID cards, etc.")

;;; ohm
(isa ohm m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa ohm standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa ohm scalar-interval)
(args-isa ohm cyc-system-real-number)
(comment ohm "The standard unit of electrical resistance.  The resistance of a circuit in which a 1-volt electrical-potential-difference produces a 1-coulomb electrical-current.")

;;; oil
(isa oil tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls oil organic-stuff)
(comment oil "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of oil is a piece of some type of typically viscous, primarily hydrophobic liquid hydrocarbon.  For example, portions of heating-oil, motor-oil, peanut-oil, olive-oil, etc.")

;;; omnivore
(isa omnivore existing-object-type)
(genls omnivore organism--whole)
(comment omnivore "The collection of organisms that feed on both plants and animals, and possibly other things.  Subsets of omnivore include, for example, person, pig, and bear.")

;;; one-story-building
(isa one-story-building existing-object-type)
(genls one-story-building building)
(comment one-story-building "Collection of all one story buildings.")

;;; opaque
(isa opaque transparency)
(comment opaque "opaque is a physical-attribute representing a specific degree of transparency.  opaque objects do not transmit light.  See also transparency-of-object.")

;;; order-of-magnitude-interval
(isa order-of-magnitude-interval object-type)
(genls order-of-magnitude-interval scalar-interval)
(comment order-of-magnitude-interval "order-of-magnitude-interval, a subset of scalar-interval, is the collection of intervals which represent significant differences in quantity, for the various types of measurable properties.  The most familiar case is for numbers, in which orders of magnitudes typically correspond with powers of 10; thus, in any given numerical quantity, the 100's dominate the 10's or the units, which are negligible with respect to the hundreds.  In Cyc, we can identify the significant intervals for any measurable property.  For example, for time, some intervals which represent orders of magnitude are: a-few-seconds-duration, a-few-minutes-duration, a-few-hours-duration, a-few-days-duration, a-few-weeks-duration, etc.  Similar scales could be identified for any measurable property.  Moreover, orders of magnitude for the same measurable property may differ between microtheories; e.g., the orders of magnitude for time in a `GeologicalTimeMt' would be much larger than those listed above, which are relevant for human perceptions and activities.  



Any two attributes which represent amounts of the same kind of property (e.g., time, distance) and which are also elements of order-of-magnitude-interval will be assumed to differ so substantially in size that the smaller one (and values associated with it) will be insignificant compared to the larger interval (and values associated with it).  That is, in general and as a default, if ORD1 and ORD2 are two different elements of order-of-magnitude-interval which are also elements of the same type of attribute-value (e.g., speed, mass, density), then one is negligible with respect to the other.  To know which dominates the other, we need additional knowledge about their relative size, e.g., that ORD2 is a following-value of (i.e., 'bigger' than) ORD1.  See also negligible-w-r-t, following-value.  The predicate order-of-magnitude (q.v.) is used to relate particular quantities to the appropriate element of order-of-magnitude-interval.  For example, two days -- in Cyc, (days-duration 2) -- has the order-of-magnitude a-few-days-duration.")

;;; ordering--communication-act
(isa ordering--communication-act temporal-object-type)
(isa ordering--communication-act default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls ordering--communication-act human-activity)
(genls ordering--communication-act requesting--communication-act)
(comment ordering--communication-act "A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts.
In each element of this collection, somebody orders
somebody to do something. See also the illocutionary-force
associated with this action, command.")
(synonymous-external-concept ordering--communication-act s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COMMAND")
(synonymous-external-concept ordering--communication-act s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTIVE-ACT")

;;; organ
(isa organ animal-body-part-type)
(genls organ solid-tangible-thing)
(genls organ animal-body-part)
(comment organ "The collection of all the organs of animals; i.e., the animal-body-parts that have specialized physiological functions and which are more or less localized in the animal.  For example: a heart, a kidney, etc.  A borderline case of this is a person's (whole) skin; in some contexts, it is treated as a sense organ, and in some contexts it is excluded because it is distributed over their entire body.")

;;; organic-stuff
(isa organic-stuff tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls organic-stuff tangible-thing)
(comment organic-stuff "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of organic-stuff is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic molecule.  Instances of organic-stuff usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things.  Since some organic substances can be synthesized, organic-stuff is not a subset of natural-tangible-stuff.  Chemically, instances of organic-stuff have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures.  Examples include the elements of the collections oil, d-n-a, alcohol--compound, ivory, animal-body-part.")

;;; organism--whole
(isa organism--whole existing-object-type)
(genls organism--whole biological-living-object)
(comment organism--whole "The collection of all elements of biological-living-object which are wholes, not parts of other biological living objects (BLOs).  Most members of organism--whole are capable of existing and reproducing while physically separate from other organisms (with allowances for sexual reproduction).  Abnormal BLOs which are nonetheless considered to belong to organism--whole include elements of virus, as well as sterile hybrids and colony organisms like those in slime molds or the elements of portuguese-man-of-war.  All of those organisms operate by DNA- and RNA-controlled mechanisms.")
(synonymous-external-concept organism--whole s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ANIMATE-OBJECT")

;;; organism-classification-type
(isa organism-classification-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls organism-classification-type conventional-classification-type)
(genls organism-classification-type existing-object-type)
(comment organism-classification-type "A collection of collections; organism-classification-type is the collection of all biological types used to classify animals, plants, or other elements of organism--whole.  The scientific types in organism-classification-type may or may not correspond to naive categories of organisms, and, in addition, although they are scientific, they might not be officially accepted biological taxons at the standard taxonomic levels.  (invertebrate is an example.)  Compare biological-taxon-type.







Note that organism-classification-type is an element of sibling-disjoint-collection; hence, any two instances of organism-classification-type can be assumed to be disjoint, unless we know that one is a subset of the other (also see sibling-disjoint-collection).")

;;; organism-part
(isa organism-part existing-object-type)
(genls organism-part biological-living-object)
(comment organism-part "The collection of all the anatomical parts of all living organisms.  It includes gross anatomical parts and microscopic anatomical parts of every individual of every species.")

;;; organism-type-by-habitat
(isa organism-type-by-habitat sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls organism-type-by-habitat existing-object-type)
(comment organism-type-by-habitat "A collection of collections.  Each element of organism-type-by-habitat is a collection of organisms characterized by the sort of habitat in which they live.  For example, aquatic-organism or terrestrial-organism.")

;;; organization
(isa organization existing-object-type)
(genls organization 
  (group-fn intelligent-agent))
(genls organization social-being)
(comment organization "The collection of all organizations.  Each element of the collection organization is a group whose group-members are instances of intelligent-agent, and which is established such that certain known relationships and obligations exist between the members, and/or between the organization and its members, and/or between the organization and `outsiders' (individuals or groups).  organization includes both informal and legally constituted organizations.  Organizations can act as agents --- specifically, group agents, not individuals (cf. individual-agent) --- to undertake projects, enter into agreements, own property, etc.   Most organizations have names.  Almost all have at least two members. Examples: cycorp, n-a-s-a, free-software-foundation, united-states-army, k-mart-company.  Note the specialization organization-of-people, whose instances have only human members, e.g., an instance of family--human such as Joseph Kennedy's family.  Other kinds of organization have organizations as their group-members, e.g., the organization-of-american-states.")
(synonymous-external-concept organization s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORGANIZATION")

;;; organization-policy
(isa organization-policy existing-object-type)
(isa organization-policy microtheory-type)
(genls organization-policy agreement)
(comment organization-policy "A collection of microtheories; a subset of agreement.  Each element of organization-policy is a microtheory which contains the terms of some policy of a particular organization.  For example, U.S. Federal government hiring policies; a policy governing a corporation's charitable or political donations; or a school dress code.")

;;; organization-with-business-customers
(isa organization-with-business-customers existing-object-type)
(genls organization-with-business-customers commercial-organization)
(comment organization-with-business-customers "A collection of organizations; a subset of commercial-organization.  An element of organization-with-business-customers is a commercial organization most of whose customers are other organizations rather than individual persons.")

;;; organization-with-individual-customers
(isa organization-with-individual-customers existing-object-type)
(genls organization-with-individual-customers commercial-organization)
(comment organization-with-individual-customers "A collection of organizations; a subset of commercial-organization.  An element of organization-with-individual-customers is a commercial organization most of whose customers are individual persons rather than other organizations.")

;;; organizational-chart
(isa organizational-chart existing-object-type)
(genls organizational-chart information-bearing-object)
(genls organizational-chart structured-information-source)
(comment organizational-chart "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of structured-information-source.  Each element of organizational-chart is an IBO that graphically or in outline fashion depicts information about the control structure or resource use structure of an organization.  E.g., a diagram of Exxon Corporation's top managers showing their reporting structure.")

;;; organizational-transfer
(isa organizational-transfer script-type)
(isa organizational-transfer temporal-object-type)
(genls organizational-transfer purposeful-action)
(genls organizational-transfer social-occurrence)
(genls organizational-transfer generalized-transfer)
(comment organizational-transfer "A collection of events.  An
organizational-transfer occurs when some intelligent-agent changes
affiliation with some organization.  This can involve becoming a
member of the organization, ceasing to be a member of it, or switching
from one organization to another.  An organizational-transfer may be
voluntarily undertaken by the transferee but may also be performed-by
some other agent.  Examples include: joining a club, being transferred
from one division of a company to another, and being excommunicated.
Negative examples include: transfer of objects or information between
organizations (since these aren't intelligent-agents), and changes of
nationality (since neither nationality nor country is currently
a kind of organization).")

;;; organizational-transfer-in
(isa organizational-transfer-in script-type)
(isa organizational-transfer-in temporal-object-type)
(genls organizational-transfer-in transfer-in)
(genls organizational-transfer-in organizational-transfer)
(comment organizational-transfer-in "A subcollection of organizational-transfer such that elements necessarily have some thing which becomes the member of the 'to organization'.  Exemplars include hiring someone to a company, pledging a fraternal organization, admitting a nation to NATO.  The event of leaving one organization to join another is also an element of organizational-transfer-in as well as organizational-transfer-out.  Negative exemplars include layoffs, expulsions, and excommunications which do not involve 'from organizations'.")

;;; organizational-transfer-out
(isa organizational-transfer-out script-type)
(isa organizational-transfer-out temporal-object-type)
(genls organizational-transfer-out transfer-out)
(genls organizational-transfer-out organizational-transfer)
(comment organizational-transfer-out "A subcollection of organizational-transfer such that elements necessarily have some thing which stops being the member of the 'from organization'.  Exemplars include laying someone off, expulsions, and excommunications.   The event of leaving one organization to join another is also an element of organizational-transfer-in as well as organizational-transfer-out.  Negative exemplars include 'admitting a nation to NATO', 'hiring someone', and 'pledging a fraternal organization'.")

;;; orientation-attribute
(isa orientation-attribute attribute-type)
(genls orientation-attribute attribute-value)
(comment orientation-attribute "The collection of attributes which characterize an object's orientation relative to whatever instance of frame-of-reference is being used in the current context.  In most contexts, orientation is taken with respect to the terrestrial-frame-of-reference.")

;;; ounce
(isa ounce f-p-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa ounce unit-of-mass)
(isa ounce unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa ounce mass)
(result-isa ounce scalar-interval)
(args-isa ounce cyc-system-real-number)
(comment ounce "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the ounce used for measuring weight within the British (FPS) system.  See also f-p-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; outdoor-location
(isa outdoor-location existing-object-type)
(genls outdoor-location ecological-region)
(comment outdoor-location "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of outdoor-location is a region of outdoor space, i.e., a region which is directly subject to atmospheric weather.  Objects found in an outdoor location are in--immersed-fully in the atmosphere of Earth.  Thus, as defined here, outdoor-location does NOT include elements of underwater-location or places that are underground.  OutdoorLocations include large geographical regions.  Among the elements of outdoor-location are instances of the subsets lawn, meadow, ski-slope, beach, swamp (and many others).  Note: outdoor-location is a collection of places, rather than an attribute; to represent the concept of being outside, see outdoors--exposed-to-weather.  Of course, elements of outdoor-location have the location-state attribute of being outdoors--exposed-to-weather.")

;;; outer-garment
(isa outer-garment product-type)
(isa outer-garment existing-object-type)
(genls outer-garment clothing-item)
(comment outer-garment "A collection of objects; a subset of clothing-item.  Each element of outer-garment is a piece of clothing that is worn outside of other garments.  A common purpose of outer garments is protection (e.g., the subsets rain-coat, apron).  An outer garment may also be a robe of office or position, such as an academic gown or a bishop's mantle.")

;;; ovum
(isa ovum existing-object-type)
(genls ovum eukaryotic-cell)
(comment ovum "A subset of cell.  ovum is the collection of specialized gamete cells produced by meiosis in the reproductive tract of female animals.  Each ovum usually has half the number of chromosomes that regular body cells do, and when fertilized by a spermatozoon, it becomes a zygote and continues to develop into a mature individual.  Also called 'egg'.  See also female-animal, sexual-reproduction-event.")

;;; oxidation-process
(isa oxidation-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa oxidation-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls oxidation-process emission)
(genls oxidation-process chemical-reaction)
(genls oxidation-process transformation-process)
(comment oxidation-process "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, some amount of oxygen reacts with (`reduces') another substance and releases energy in the process.")

;;; oxide
(isa oxide tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls oxide inanimate-thing)
(genls oxide tangible-thing)
(comment oxide "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of oxide is a portion of stuff in which each molecule consists of a combination of oxygen atoms with one or more atoms of another element.  For example, instances of water (H2O), pieces of rust (iron-oxide), portions of carbon-dioxide.")

;;; p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn
(isa p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn reifiable-function)
(isa p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn propositional-information-thing)
(arg1-isa p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn information-bearing-thing)
(comment p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn "The Cyc function p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn is an element of individual-denoting-function.  Given as its argument a particular instance of information-bearing-thing (q.v.), p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn returns the information content of that thing.  The object returned is an element of propositional-information-thing (q.v.).  Thus, (p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn IBT) denotes the abstract, propositional chunk of information that is represented in IBT.  For example: if IBT is a particular printed copy of Psalm 23, then (p-i-t-of-i-b-t-fn MyCopyOfPsalm23) refers to the propositional content of Psalm 23.")

;;; pacific-ocean
(isa pacific-ocean entity)
(isa pacific-ocean ocean)
(comment pacific-ocean "The main body of salt water in the eastern-hemisphere--region, bordering on five continents (Western coast of North and South Americas, Australia, Antarctica, and Eastern coast of Asia).")

;;; pants
(isa pants product-type)
(isa pants existing-object-type)
(genls pants clothing-item)
(comment pants "A collection of objects.  Every element of pants is a clothing item worn on the lower torso and legs.  The collection pants includes the subsets short-pants and long-pants.  There are also very specialized subsets, e.g., football-pants.")

;;; paper
(isa paper tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(isa paper product-type)
(genls paper tangible-product)
(genls paper solid-tangible-thing)
(comment paper "A collection of tangible things.  
Each element of paper is a portion of paper, considered
as a 'stuff' out of which things can be made, like
metal or plastic.  Thus, this collection includes
the collection sheet-of-paper, but is wider.
Important sources from which paper may be derived-from 
include wood pulp, cotton, papyrus, rice.  
Examples: business stationery, maxi-pads, paper currency, 
toilet paper, newsprint, paper coffee filters, notebook paper.")

;;; part-of-building
(isa part-of-building existing-object-type)
(genls part-of-building construction-artifact)
(comment part-of-building "A collection of parts of a building that are 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the building.")

;;; part-of-room-in-a-construction
(isa part-of-room-in-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls part-of-room-in-a-construction part-of-building)
(comment part-of-room-in-a-construction "A collection of all parts of all instances of room-in-a-construction.  This includes both solid parts, like mantels, and enclosed regions such as are contained by cabinets and cupboards.  Instances should be features which are 'built-in', that is, built with the intention of remaining as part of the room.")

;;; part-predicate
(isa part-predicate predicate-category)
(genls part-predicate extensional-representation-predicate)
(comment part-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Instances of part-predicate are used to describe the relationship between an individual and its parts.")

;;; part-time
(isa part-time work-status)
(comment part-time "An attribute; an element of work-status.  The attribute of being a part-time worker.")

;;; partial-cloud-cover
(isa partial-cloud-cover cloudiness)
(genl-attributes partial-cloud-cover cloudy)
(comment partial-cloud-cover "partial-cloud-cover is a weather-attribute representing a specific degree of cloudiness.  This attribute describes a location as having some cloud cover but not enough to completely block out all direct sunlight.  Direct sunlight comes and goes as clouds occluding the sun pass.")

;;; partially-intangible
(isa partially-intangible object-type)
(isa partially-intangible temporal-stuff-type)
(genls partially-intangible something-existing)
(comment partially-intangible "The collection of things having an intangible component but which exist in time.  Some, but not all, elements of partially-intangible have a tangible component; some are just those elements of intangible which do exist in time (intangible-existing-thing), such as the laws of the state of Texas, your bank account, etc.  Since some elements of intangible have no temporal aspect (e.g., the number 42), intangible is NOT a subset of partially-intangible.")

;;; partially-ordered-set
(isa partially-ordered-set object-type)
(genls partially-ordered-set quasi-ordered-set)
(comment partially-ordered-set "The collection of all partially ordered sets (also called ordered sets, partial orders, or posets), each being a set-with-structure consisting of a set together with an ordering relation on that set.   Mathematical directed chains, trees, forests, and lattices are special cases of partially-ordered-set.  The ordering relation is defined on the associated set, and is transitive on that set, reflexive on that set, and antisymmetric on that set.   Sometimes the members of the partially-ordered-set are called its nodes, and the non-redundant (transitively reduced) pairwise relations between the nodes are called the links.  A partially-ordered-set may be finite or infinite, and connected or unconnected.  (Note: A partially-ordered-set is not a set-or-collection, rather it is a set-with-structure that has an associated set-or-collection.)")

;;; partially-tangible
(isa partially-tangible existing-stuff-type)
(isa partially-tangible object-type)
(genls partially-tangible spatial-thing)
(genls partially-tangible something-existing)
(comment partially-tangible "Elements of partially-tangible have some tangible (i.e., material) part and also have a temporal extent (i.e., they exist in time).  They may or may not also have an intangible part; e.g., a book is made of matter, has a temporal extent, and also has intangible content which is the information content of the text that the author wrote.")
(synonymous-external-concept partially-tangible s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-OBJECT")

;;; partially-tangible-product
(isa partially-tangible-product existing-object-type)
(isa partially-tangible-product product-type)
(genls partially-tangible-product partially-tangible)
(genls partially-tangible-product product)
(comment partially-tangible-product "A collection of spatial objects; a subset of product.  Each element of partially-tangible-product is a product that has some tangible component and may, but need not, have an intangible component (e.g., information).  (See also partially-tangible.)  Examples of partially-tangible-product: a newspaper, a photograph, a videotape of `Star Wars', a sack of flour, lumber, a mobile home.")

;;; particle
(isa particle existing-object-type)
(genls particle inanimate-thing)
(genls particle tangible-thing)
(comment particle "A collection of tangibles; a subset of tangible-thing.  Each element of particle is a smallish liquid or solid tangible thing, at least small enough to be blown about by ordinary gusts of wind, and possibly much smaller.  Examples include elements of the collections corn-meal, sand-particle, sawdust, dust-particle, sugar--table.")

;;; partnership
(isa partnership existing-object-type)
(genls partnership legal-agent)
(genls partnership business)
(comment partnership "A collection of businesses.  An element of partnership is a business which is owned and operated by more than one person but generally fewer than fifty; these owners have the relation business-partners (q.v.) to one another.  Commonly, the partners are workers in the enterprise.  The partners typically have equal shares in the assets and liablities (except for limited partners), and the partners jointly decide the firm's actions, perhaps by vote.")

;;; parts-format
(isa parts-format format)
(comment parts-format "Argument positions of Cyc predicates may have specified formats that constrain how many and what kind of terms may occupy that position, given some fixed set of terms in the other argument positions of the predicate.  If a predicate P has parts-format for argument position N, then given some particular set of terms that occupy the other argument positions of P, there may be multiple assertions with different terms in position N (keeping the other arguments fixed), but only so long as the terms in position N are all physical-parts of the same partially-tangible.  For example, the arg1-format of physical-parts is parts-format.  This allows us to represent that JosephsRightThumbnail is a physical-parts of JosephsRightThumb, of JosephsRightHand, and of Joseph.  This is more restrictive than set-the-format, which allows multiple unrelated values.  In contrast, specifying only (arg1-format physical-parts set-the-format) would not prevent JosephsRightThumb from being a physical-parts of both JosephsRightHand and of JamesRightHand.")

;;; party--celebration
(isa party--celebration script-type)
(genls party--celebration social-gathering)
(comment party--celebration "The collection of party events and other similar celebrations such as baby showers.  persons gather intentionally at a location in order to communicate or share some experience, and to enjoy themselves, but (unlike a meeting-taking-place) business is rarely transacted at a party--celebration, or at least is beside the official point of the party.
Note: as with most collection worth naming, there are borderline cases here; e.g., Tupperware parties.")

;;; passport
(isa passport existing-object-type)
(genls passport i-d-document)
(genls passport official-document)
(comment passport "A collection of official documents.  Each element of passport is a document issued to a person by a national government in order to identify that person as a citizen of said country while s/he is travelling across or outside of that country's borders.")

;;; paste--form
(isa paste--form physical-structural-attribute)
(comment paste--form "A physical attribute.  paste--form is the physical-structural-attribute which describes solids that are pastelike in texture and consistency.  They are very easily deformed, and they tend to remain in the deformed shape afterwards, provided that they don't collapse under their own weight.")

;;; pasteurization
(isa pasteurization script-type)
(genls pasteurization preserving-food)
(comment pasteurization "The heating of a milk product in order to kill off microorganisms that might make it spoil.")

;;; path--customary
(isa path--customary existing-object-type)
(genls path--customary something-existing)
(genls path--customary path--generic)
(comment path--customary "The collection of all existing objects that are commonly paths, or are normally used as paths or conduits for people, animals, vehicles, material or information.  A path--customary is either designed as a path or it has a significant known function as a path for movement.  Examples include roads, railroads, sea-lanes, cowpaths, boardwalks, tubes, channels, blood vessels, fibers, wires, communication links, etc.   It does not include all the things that may be used as paths in some particular path-systems, but are otherwise not ordinarily viewed as paths (though the latter are still instances of path--generic).  If a path--customary is an instance of a certain path-type, it may be assumed to be part of a system (not necessarily explictly given) of such paths.  Or, on the other hand, it may be asserted to be part of a particular specified path-system using the predicate path-in-system.  A path--customary is either a path--simple (with two distinct ends, not forming a cycle) or else it may be a path--cyclic.")

;;; path--generic
(isa path--generic collection)
(genls path--generic thing)
(comment path--generic "A collection of things that are paths or can be considered paths.  Each path--generic is either a path--simple or a path--cyclic, i.e., either a non-self-crossing path or a cycle.  A path--generic may be abstract (as in Graph Theory), or it may be concrete such as a path--customary, for example a road, railroad, sea-lane, cowpath, pipe, blood vessel, fiber or wire, or on the other hand it could be anything that is used as a path in some path-system.  If a path--generic is a path--customary, then it may or may not have a specified path-system in which it is a path; if the path--generic is not a path--customary, then it can only be a path in some given path-system.  For example, an orange is not a customary path, but it can be a path for ants in a specified ant path system.  For any path--generic, there can be a traversal of something moving along that path; a single traversal can cross itself, double back along itself, and/or go back and forth along some part of a path--generic any number of times.")

;;; path--simple
(isa path--simple collection)
(genls path--simple path--generic)
(comment path--simple "A collection of non-cyclic paths, broadly conceived.  Each instance of path--simple has two ends and it forms a path-between them.  It can be a road, railroad, air lane, sea lane, channel, blood vessel, part of an electric circuit, part of a pipe system, or even some abstract chain of connections among people or a 'path' in Graph Theory.  A path--simple cannot cross itself, return to the same point, nor double back along itself.  Each path--simple has two distinct ends that do not 'overlap' each other.  But in general a path may have more than two things that are its 'end-points' -- for example, a path between Austin and Pittsburgh can also be a path between Texas and Pennsylvania.  In such an example Texas and Pennsylvania are required to be spatially disjoint.   (To prohibit multiple things being an end-point of a path simultaneously, specify a path-system, because in a specified path-system a path's two end points in the system are unique.  The predicate path-between-in-system is restricted to a set of paths and points specified for the particular path-system.)  For a path--simple any points on it (e.g., point-on-path X PATH) are connected: 'path-connects' is true of them.  Any number of intersections may occur along a path--simple.   A path is different from a traversal or a trajectory: a traversal is the trace of an object moving along a path or in a path-system, and the traversal can cross itself and/or double back along itself any number of times.  While a path is fixed and may have no direction, a traversal has a particular direction.  Many distinct traversals may traverse the same underlying path (see traversal and traversal-in-system), since a traversal can go back and forth across the same part of a path any number of times.  A trajectory (a trace of motion) along paths is a traversal.")

;;; path-artifact
(isa path-artifact existing-object-type)
(genls path-artifact path--customary)
(genls path-artifact construction-artifact)
(comment path-artifact "A collection of artifacts.  Each element of path-artifact is a path made by agents, whether animal or human.  Elements of path-artifact range from deer trails to superhighways.  Such paths connect places that animals or people are found in and/or between which they want to travel.  Examples: erie-canal, welland-ship-canal, champs-elysee, wall-street, u-s-highway80, highway101-c-a.")

;;; path-for-wheeled-vehicles
(isa path-for-wheeled-vehicles existing-object-type)
(genls path-for-wheeled-vehicles outdoor-location)
(genls path-for-wheeled-vehicles fixed-structure)
(genls path-for-wheeled-vehicles path-artifact)
(genls path-for-wheeled-vehicles path--simple)
(comment path-for-wheeled-vehicles "Each instance of path-for-wheeled-vehicles is an instance of path-artifact, whose primary function is to serve as a place along which wheeled vehicles may move or park. Usually but not necessarily they are paved.")

;;; path-type
(isa path-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls path-type object-type)
(comment path-type "A collection of collections.  Each instance of path-type is a collection that is a subcollection of path--simple.  There are several  types of path, according to the medium or surface the path goes through or over.")

;;; paths-concatenated-fn
(isa paths-concatenated-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa paths-concatenated-fn path--simple)
(arg1-isa paths-concatenated-fn path--simple)
(arg2-isa paths-concatenated-fn path--simple)
(comment paths-concatenated-fn "A function joining two paths end-to-end in series.  For each path PATH1 between X and Y, and each path PATH2 between Y and Z, if every point A on both paths satisfies the conditions (path-between PATH1 X A) and (path-between PATH2 A Z), then (paths-concatenated-fn PATH1 PATH2) denotes the path obtained by concatenating PATH1 and PATH2, i.e., the path that is a super path of both PATH1 and PATH2 and is between X and Z.  Note that when you use (paths-concatenated-fn PATH1 PATH2), PATH1 and PATH2 cannot intersect, i.e., no point is on both paths except their end-points.  This function is not defined on the cartesian product path--simple x path--simple.  It is rather defined on a proper subset of it.")

;;; paying
(isa paying temporal-object-type)
(isa paying default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls paying money-transfer)
(genls paying purposeful-action)
(genls paying transferring-ownership)
(comment paying "A collection of events; a subset ofmoney-transfer.  Each element of paying is an event in which one agent pays money to another agent.  The payer is the from-possessor; the recipient is the to-possessor.  In all payings, the payer gives the payee full-use-rights to the money. Some types of payings: (1) all instances of buying and renting contain (at least one) sub-events which are elements of paying; (2) making charitable contributions; (3) paying off one's gambling debts; (4) paying an employee's salary or a child's allowance.  Writing a check or offering a credit card in payment are first-sub-events of paying events; such payings are successful only if the check is not lost or stolen, if it clears the bank, etc.  On the other hand, filling out a pledge card, e.g., for United Way, is NOT considered a paying event or part of one, because it does not involve or initiate any legal reassignment of rights to the money.")

;;; pensive
(isa pensive feeling-attribute-type)
(genls pensive feeling-attribute)
(comment pensive "A feeling of deep thoughtfulness, reflection, or introspection, and sometimes melancholia.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.")

;;; perceiving
(isa perceiving default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa perceiving temporal-stuff-type)
(genls perceiving composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(genls perceiving single-doer-action)
(comment perceiving "perceiving is the collection of sensory-perceptual events in which a perceptual-agent perceives, i.e. acquires information, using its senses.")
(overlapping-external-concept perceiving s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PERCEPTION")

;;; perceiving--involuntary
(isa perceiving--involuntary temporal-stuff-type)
(genls perceiving--involuntary perceiving)
(comment perceiving--involuntary "A collection of mental events, a subset of perceiving. Each element of this collection is a perceptual event in which the agent involuntarily receives senory information. Thus, if I am in a room, and a light is turned on, I would see the light reflected off of the walls, but without any effort on my part.  On the other hand, actively searching for something with my eyes would not be a member of this collection.")
(synonymous-external-concept perceiving--involuntary s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INVOLUNTARY-PERCEPTUAL-EVENT")

;;; perceiving--voluntary
(isa perceiving--voluntary script-type)
(isa perceiving--voluntary temporal-stuff-type)
(genls perceiving--voluntary purposeful-action)
(genls perceiving--voluntary perceiving)
(comment perceiving--voluntary "A collection of mental events, a subset of perceiving.
Each element of this collection is a perceptual event in which
the agent does not merely passively receive sensory information,
but is actively filtering or directing how he is perceiving.
Thus, searching for a set of lost keys would be an element
of this collection, as would straining to hear something, but
merely hearing a balloon pop next to you would not.")
(synonymous-external-concept perceiving--voluntary s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "VOLUNTARY-PERCEPTUAL-EVENT")

;;; perceiving-slot
(isa perceiving-slot relation-type)
(genls perceiving-slot binary-predicate)
(comment perceiving-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of perceiving-slot is a binary predicate relating a perceiver and an object or event (not a sense-datum) that s/he perceives in the mode specified by the predicate; e.g., sees, hears, smells, perceives-by-touching, tastes.  Assertions that use a predicate belonging to perceiving-slot imply that some perception event occurs during the time that the assertion holds.  See also perceiving and its subsets.")

;;; percent
(isa percent evaluatable-function)
(isa percent dimensionless-unit-of-measure)
(isa percent unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa percent interval-on-number-line)
(result-isa percent scalar-interval)
(args-isa percent cyc-system-real-number)
(comment percent "percent is a function whose results are percentages.  E.g., (percent 1) represents 1% in Cyc (and is equal to .01); (percent 110) is the same as 1.1; (percent 0.1) is the same as 0.1%, which is the same as .001.")

;;; perceptual-agent
(isa perceptual-agent existing-object-type)
(genls perceptual-agent individual-agent)
(comment perceptual-agent "The collection of all sentient agents.  Elements of perceptual-agent are beings capable of doing instances of perceiving.  Furthermore, in many cases the information that a perceptual agent gathers is input that can influence its other actions.")
(synonymous-external-concept perceptual-agent s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONSCIOUS-BEING")

;;; permission
(isa permission existing-object-type)
(genls permission agreement)
(comment permission "A collection of agreements.  Each element of permission is an agreement specifying some rights or privileges which have been granted to an agent.  A permission may be an informal agreement between individuals, but many instances are formal and involve permissions granted by a government authority to some agent.  E.g., a driver's license, a marriage license, a visa for entering the U.S., a license to practice medicine.")

;;; person
(isa person organism-classification-type)
(genls person legal-agent)
(genls person primate)
(genls person human-occupation-construct-resident)
(genls person omnivore)
(comment person "The collection of all human beings.  The collection person constitutes the species Homo Sapiens; thus, person is an instance of biological-species in the biology-mt.  (See also homo-genus, of which Homo Sapiens is the only nonextinct species.)  Persons constitute the most intelligent subset of primate, and it is the only class whose elements are known to be naturally capable of speaking a language.  All cultural activity requires participation of persons.  person excludes non-human legal persons; see agent.")
(synonymous-external-concept person s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PERSON")

;;; person-by-activity-type
(isa person-by-activity-type collection)
(genls person-by-activity-type existing-object-type)
(comment person-by-activity-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of person-by-activity-type is a collection which classifies people by some kind of activity that an individual does regularly.  Some examples are: student, tourist, and horn-player.  If the differentiating activity is one that can be done as a career or job, it is preferable to make that collection an element of the more specific occupation-type (q.v.).")

;;; personal-product
(isa personal-product existing-object-type)
(isa personal-product product-type)
(genls personal-product product)
(comment personal-product "A collection of products.  Each element of personal-product is a service or tangible product designed for the physical body of a person, including clothing, accessories, personal care products (e.g., deodorant, hand soap) and devices (e.g., razors, heating pads), cosmetics, and personal services such as massages and manicures.  These are products or services which a person would seek out or apply to him/herself; i.e., it excludes products used on the body of a person by physicians (e.g., scalpels), dentists (e.g., dental drills), or morticians.")

;;; personality-attribute
(isa personality-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls personality-attribute mental-attribute)
(comment personality-attribute "The collection of attributes which describe aspects of a person's personality.  E.g., dependability.  
Note that gentleness, viciousness, and other emotive traits common to both humans and other animals, appear under temperament-attribute, which is a superset of personality-attribute.")

;;; pharmacist
(isa pharmacist medical-specialty-type)
(genls pharmacist medical-care-professional)
(comment pharmacist "The collection of professionals who are trained and licensed to prepare and distribute legal drugs.")

;;; pharmacy
(isa pharmacy medical-facility-type)
(genls pharmacy local-customer-contact-point)
(genls pharmacy commercial-organization)
(comment pharmacy "The collection of (local-level) organizations which sell mainly prescription drugs, but usually also carry non-prescription drugs and other medical supplies that might be needed by a family or individual. (i.e. not a supplier to hospitals).  Sometimes these are free-standing stores, sometimes departments within other stores like drugstores and supermarkets.")

;;; pharmacy-product-type
(isa pharmacy-product-type collection)
(genls pharmacy-product-type product-type)
(comment pharmacy-product-type "The collection of pharmaceutical product types, including drugs and pharmaceutical devices.")

;;; phone-number
(isa phone-number i-d-string-type)
(genls phone-number i-d-string)
(genls phone-number character-string)
(comment phone-number "A collection of strings. Each element of phone-number is a string that represents a telephone number.")

;;; physical-amount-slot
(isa physical-amount-slot predicate-category)
(genls physical-amount-slot interval-based-quantity-slot)
(genls physical-amount-slot tangible-object-predicate)
(comment physical-amount-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of physical-amount-slot is a slot (i.e., a binary predicate) used in assertions that state (perhaps roughly) `how much' of an object there is.  These can be viewed as different ways of stating the size of an object; e.g., length-of-object, volume-of-object, mass-of-object, depth-of-object, interior-floor-space.")

;;; physical-attribute
(isa physical-attribute attribute-type)
(genls physical-attribute attribute-value)
(comment physical-attribute "A collection of attribute
values.  Each element of physical-attribute is an attribute
value could in theory be measured using physical instruments. 
Subsets of this collection include density, speed, 
rigidity, mass, etc. Elements include cold-to-bitterly-cold,
(medium-amount-fn visibility), and a-few-years-duration.")
(synonymous-external-concept physical-attribute s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MATERIAL-WORLD-QUALITY")

;;; physical-attribute-description-slot
(isa physical-attribute-description-slot relation-type)
(genls physical-attribute-description-slot physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(genls physical-attribute-description-slot binary-predicate)
(genls physical-attribute-description-slot extensional-representation-predicate)
(comment physical-attribute-description-slot "A collection of predicates.  physical-attribute-description-slot is a subset of both binary-predicate and physical-feature-describing-predicate.  Each element of physical-attribute-description-slot relates some particular tangible object to an instance of physical-attribute which characterizes that object.  The attribute may or may not be a quantifiable property.  Examples of physical-attribute-description-slot: object-emits-odor, viscosity-of-substance, color-of-object, diameter-of-object, physical-parts, shape, xz-cross-section-shape-type.")

;;; physical-conducting-media
(isa physical-conducting-media existing-stuff-type)
(genls physical-conducting-media tangible-thing)
(comment physical-conducting-media "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of physical-conducting-media is a physical thing that can serve as a conductor, e.g., for heat or electricity.  Examples include power lines, pieces of superconductor materials, ceramic, etc.")

;;; physical-contact-location
(isa physical-contact-location contact-location-type)
(genls physical-contact-location contact-location)
(genls physical-contact-location human-shelter-construction)
(comment physical-contact-location "A collection of locations; a subset of human-shelter-construction.  An instance of physical-contact-location is the principal place(s) where an agent can be physically found.  For people, that would (probably) be their home and/or office.   For an organization, it would be the location of their place of business, their headquarters, etc.  Note that a purely procedural method for getting in touch with someone, such as their Post Office Box number in a certain city, is not a physical-contact-location.")

;;; physical-contact-situation
(isa physical-contact-situation temporal-stuff-type)
(genls physical-contact-situation situation)
(comment physical-contact-situation "The collection of all situations in which two or more tangible objects are touching (touches).  Includes an object rubbing against another, objects colliding, as well as static touching configurations.  Note that although most physical-events involve some kind of touching, not all of them should be specs of physical-contact-situation.  Only on those in which contact is salient to what the event is about should be physical-contact-situations.")

;;; physical-device
(isa physical-device existing-object-type)
(genls physical-device partially-tangible-product)
(genls physical-device artifact)
(genls physical-device inanimate-thing)
(comment physical-device "A collection of tangible things. 
 Each physical-device is an artifact which is designed 
for a specific use or 
to perform a specific function. 
Thus, the collections tool, condom, bath-tub, and
transportation-device--vehicle are all subsets of this
collection, as are many other collections. Excluded are
artifacts which can only be 'used' in a very loose or
metaphorical sense, such as instances of sculpture,
flower-bed, or advertisement. Also, an instance of 
physical-device should have a relatively rigid, set
shape (which doesn't exclude it having moving parts!);
hence, gasoline-fuel or anti-freeze are not subsets
of physical-device.")

;;; physical-event
(isa physical-event temporal-object-type)
(isa physical-event script-type)
(genls physical-event event)
(genls physical-event spatial-thing)
(comment physical-event "A collection of events.  Each element of physical-event is an event which involves the interaction of some number of physical objects. (For contrast, see mental-event or, a collection of much more common occurrences, composite-physical-and-mental-event.)")
(synonymous-external-concept physical-event s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MATERIAL-PROCESS")

;;; physical-feature-describing-predicate
(isa physical-feature-describing-predicate relation-type)
(genls physical-feature-describing-predicate predicate)
(comment physical-feature-describing-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of physical-feature-describing-predicate is a predicate used in assertions that describe spatiophysical aspects of individual objects.  Examples: above--directly, physically-contains, touches-directly, color-of-object, temperature-of-object, spans--bridgelike.")

;;; physical-part-predicate
(isa physical-part-predicate predicate-category)
(genls physical-part-predicate part-predicate)
(genls physical-part-predicate cotemporal-predicate)
(comment physical-part-predicate "A collection of predicates. Instances of physical-part-predicate are used to describe the relationship between a partially-tangible and its physical-parts.")

;;; physical-series
(isa physical-series existing-object-type)
(genls physical-series partially-tangible)
(genls physical-series group)
(genls physical-series series)
(comment physical-series "Each physical-series is a group of partially-tangibles which is ordered in a linear fashion, most likely according to some spatial relationship.  For example, a group of people in line at a ticket booth, or the vertebrae in one person's spine.")

;;; physical-state-change-event
(isa physical-state-change-event temporal-object-type)
(isa physical-state-change-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls physical-state-change-event physical-event)
(genls physical-state-change-event intrinsic-state-change-event)
(comment physical-state-change-event "physical-state-change-event is the collection of events in which some piece of matter changes from one of the physical states of matter to another.  Such changes of state can be induced by changes in temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of kinetic energy).  Each particular instance of boiling, freezing, evaporating, condensing, melting, etc. is an instance of physical-state-change-event.  

Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of matter, namely, solid-state-of-matter, semi-solid-state-of-matter, liquid-state-of-matter, gaseous-state-of-matter.  See state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous and its individual state constants.")

;;; physical-structural-attribute
(isa physical-structural-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls physical-structural-attribute attribute-value)
(comment physical-structural-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of physical-structural-attribute is a physical attribute that determines or describes the structure of a tangible object.  These attributes are qualitative, not measurable; in that way, they are unlike those described by the elements of density, mass, elasticity, thermal-conductivity, and other attributes which belong to scalar-interval.  Examples of physical-structural-attribute: granular, powdery, paste--form, brittle, collapsible, hollow, woven, burnt.   An individual object's physical-structural-attributes are indicated with the predicate physical-structural-attributes.")

;;; physical-urge-type
(isa physical-urge-type primitive-attribute-type)
(genls physical-urge-type sensory-reaction-type)
(comment physical-urge-type "A collection of collections, and also a subset of sensory-reaction-type (qv). Its elements are distinct from sensory-reaction-type because they necessarily have a value on urge-type-satisfied.  An element of physical-urge-type is an attribute-type that describes one class of urges (to do something) that animals have. The elements of physical-urge-type are rather earthy; some examples are: urge-to-yawn, urge-to-scratch, urge-to-vomit, urge-to-urinate, etc. ")

;;; physically-attacking-an-agent
(isa physically-attacking-an-agent script-type)
(genls physically-attacking-an-agent action-on-object)
(genls physically-attacking-an-agent hostile-social-action)
(comment physically-attacking-an-agent "The collection of events in which one agent (or a small group of agents) physically attacks another agent (or small group of agents.)  Each assassination attempt is an example of such an event.")

;;; physiological-attribute
(isa physiological-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls physiological-attribute attribute-value)
(comment physiological-attribute "The collection of attributes related to a plant or animal organism's physiological characteristics.  Some examples include flexed, deaf, injured, fertile, swollen, acid-indigestion, etc.")

;;; physiological-condition
(isa physiological-condition script-type)
(genls physiological-condition biological-event)
(comment physiological-condition "The collection of events in which an organism undergoes (as bodily-doer) some physiological state or process, which may be normal or abnormal.  An instance of physiological-condition is, especially, a dynamic physiological state that (1) has important temporal aspects, such as a developmental condition or a progressive disease, and/or (2) affects the organism's physiological condition for a significant period of time, such that (a) the condition may be thought of as an `episode' in the life of the organism or even (b) a permanent aspect of the organism's ongoing life.  physiological-condition is the most general collection of such states.  In representing particular cases, one of the various subsets of physiological-condition is likely to be more useful; these include: pregnancy, pneumonia, cancer, kidney-stone-condition, heart-attack, allergic-reaction, phobia, chronic-condition, asthma, etc.")

;;; physiological-condition-type
(isa physiological-condition-type collection)
(genls physiological-condition-type script-type)
(comment physiological-condition-type "A collection of collections.  Each physiological-condition-type is a coherent set of physiological-conditions characterizing some non-instantaneous aspect of an organism.  Some sample elements are: menopause, sickle-cell-anemia, infection, malnutrition, etc.")

;;; physiological-function
(isa physiological-function temporal-stuff-type)
(isa physiological-function default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls physiological-function physiological-process)
(comment physiological-function "The collection of those physiological-processes that serve some end for their doers, which may be cells, tissues, or whole organisms; for example, photosynthesis.")

;;; physiological-process
(isa physiological-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa physiological-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls physiological-process biological-event)
(comment physiological-process "The collection of events in which an organism does (typically unconsciously) some process which involves alteration of that agent's physiological state.  A physiological-process is normally one that is done by organisms (or parts of organisms) in the course of living.  A large subset of physiological-process is bodily-function-event, including its subsets respiration, digesting-in-stomach, and heartbeating.  (Compare this collection with physiological-condition, whose elements are more episodic than process-like.) ")

;;; piece-of-free-space
(isa piece-of-free-space existing-stuff-type)
(genls piece-of-free-space air)
(genls piece-of-free-space pure-space)
(genls piece-of-free-space partially-tangible)
(comment piece-of-free-space "Elements of piece-of-free-space are contiguous regions of ``empty'' yet tangible space, such as the interior of a room or sky above a city.  Typically (but not necessarily), a piece-of-free-space is associated with a geographical region or some physical boundaries that define its edges.")

;;; pipe--generic-conduit
(isa pipe--generic-conduit existing-object-type)
(genls pipe--generic-conduit flow-path)
(genls pipe--generic-conduit solid-tangible-thing)
(comment pipe--generic-conduit "The collection of all enclosed tubular fluid conduits with openings at both ends.  pipe--generic-conduit encompasses both human-made pipes as well as natural pipes, found naturally occurring in the environment, or found in an organism's body, like blood-vessels.")

;;; pipe-end-to-cavity-junction
(isa pipe-end-to-cavity-junction region-type)
(genls pipe-end-to-cavity-junction configuration)
(genls pipe-end-to-cavity-junction portal)
(comment pipe-end-to-cavity-junction "The collection of junctions, in each of which some pipe--generic-conduit ends at a cavity of larger diameter than the pipe, allowing flow or access between them.  The flange where a water pipe enters a water tank is one example, as is the junction of the esophagus and the stomach in animals.  See also the predicate pipe-ends-at-cavity.")

;;; pity
(isa pity feeling-attribute-type)
(genls pity feeling-attribute)
(comment pity "Feeling sorry for another agent on account of the undesirable state of affairs s/he is in.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; place
(isa place existing-object-type)
(genls place partially-tangible)
(comment place "The collection of spatial-things that have a relatively permanent location. Thus, every place is stationary in the frame of reference of the current microtheory.")
(synonymous-external-concept place s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPACE-INTERVAL")

;;; planet
(isa planet existing-object-type)
(genls planet geographical-region)
(genls planet heavenly-body)
(comment planet "A collection of heavenly bodies.  Each element of planet is a planet either in Earth's solar system or elsewhere in the universe.  Examples: planet-jupiter, planet-venus.")

;;; plant
(isa plant biological-kingdom)
(genls plant vegetable-matter)
(genls plant organism--whole)
(genls plant plant-b-l-o)
(comment plant "plant is the collection of all plants; it is a member of the biological-kingdom and contains the primary subjects of biology.  Plants are typically stationary, living, whole organisms; the cells of plants generally lack cholesterol and have cell walls that include substances of cellulose.  Most, though not all, plants are capable of making sugars by photosynthesis processes and have green parts.  Some example subsets of plant are the collections rose-bush, spruce-tree, and moss.")
(synonymous-external-concept plant s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PLANT")

;;; plant--non-woody
(isa plant--non-woody existing-object-type)
(genls plant--non-woody plant)
(comment plant--non-woody "The collection of non-woody, herbaceous plants.  Those plants such as grasses, herbs, wildflowers, etc. which are fairly low-growing, often annual, and don't grow woody stems.  Excludes large, hard bamboos, and Balsa.")

;;; plant--woody
(isa plant--woody existing-object-type)
(genls plant--woody plant)
(genls plant--woody terrestrial-organism)
(comment plant--woody "The collection of plants that have woody or hard trunks, stems or branches (and usually roots). includes large, hard bamboos, and balsa.")

;;; plant-b-l-o
(isa plant-b-l-o existing-object-type)
(genls plant-b-l-o biological-living-object)
(comment plant-b-l-o "A subset of biological-living-object.  plant-b-l-o includes the elements of plant and of plant-part.")

;;; plant-part
(isa plant-part existing-object-type)
(genls plant-part plant-b-l-o)
(genls plant-part organism-part)
(comment plant-part "The collection of all physical parts of plants of all kinds.
In the traditional view, plant organs are of four types: leaves, stems, roots and flowers.  It seems useful to have a category for smaller plant parts which display a similar level of organization (they have vascular tissue, ground tissue, and an epidermis) but have not been included in the traditional view.")

;;; plant-physiological-attribute
(isa plant-physiological-attribute attribute-type)
(genls plant-physiological-attribute physiological-attribute)
(comment plant-physiological-attribute "The collection of attributes referring to the physiological properties of plants.  At the very least, these include seasonal stages, physical properties, and plant health.  These attributes apply to entire plants rather than just to certain parts of them.")

;;; plant-product
(isa plant-product existing-stuff-type)
(isa plant-product product-type)
(genls plant-product vegetable-matter)
(comment plant-product "The collection of products that are plants or plant parts (individually or in bulk), or substances derived from plants, which are produced by people or countries and made available for use, sale or exchange.")

;;; plastic
(isa plastic product-type)
(isa plastic tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls plastic artificial-material)
(comment plastic "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of plastic is a piece of some type of plastic.  This collection includes plastics of all kinds: artifical, mostly polymeric, inedible, organic moldable hydrocarbons.  Some common types are rayon, nylon, polyethylene, etc.")

;;; plumbing-fixture
(isa plumbing-fixture product-type)
(isa plumbing-fixture existing-object-type)
(genls plumbing-fixture physical-device)
(genls plumbing-fixture part-of-building)
(comment plumbing-fixture "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of plumbing-fixture is any object which is -- or was or will be or could be -- part of some plumbing system.  Types of plumbing-fixture include pipes, sinks, and toilets, as well as faucets and drain plugs.  It must be a functional part (so sewage doesn't count) and a significant part (so a label on a pipe doesn't count) and a specialized part (so an individual screw doesn't count, nor does an individual iron atom that's part of a faucet) and a relatively long-lived and localized part (so the water flowing through a pipe doesn't count.)")

;;; plus-fn
(isa plus-fn evaluatable-function)
(isa plus-fn non-predicate-function)
(isa plus-fn variable-arity-relation)
(isa plus-fn commutative-relation)
(isa plus-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa plus-fn scalar-interval)
(args-isa plus-fn scalar-interval)
(comment plus-fn "plus-fn is Cyc's addition operator; it is a variable-arity mathematical function.  plus-fn takes a variable number of quantities as arguments, and it yields a new quantity which is the result of adding those arguments together.  All of the arguments to plus-fn must be elements of scalar-interval, as is its result.  Examples: (plus-fn 2 3 4) returns 9; (plus-fn (meter 1.5) (meter 0.7)) returns (meter 2.2).  See also variable-arity-relation.")

;;; plus-infinity
(isa plus-infinity real-number)
(isa plus-infinity non-negative-scalar-interval)
(isa plus-infinity non-negative-number)
(comment plus-infinity "plus-infinity represents an infinitely large positive number (roughly akin to aleph-null).")

;;; point-fn
(isa point-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa point-fn set-or-collection)
(arg1-isa point-fn thing)
(comment point-fn "For each path-system SYS, (point-fn SYS) denotes the set of all points in SYS (see path-system).  Note that the function point-fn and the predicate point-in-system are interdefinable.  We normally use point-fn, for convenience, when we consider some relations between different path systems even though for a single path system SYS, we can replace each (point-in-system X SYS) by (element-of X (point-fn SYS)).")

;;; pointy-ended
(isa pointy-ended physical-structural-attribute)
(comment pointy-ended "Includes anything which tapers to a pointy or sharp end--pens, pencils, needles, pins, nails, and wood-screws, but not wires (no taper).  Most knives would be included, but only because they have pointy ends.  A knife with a rounded ended and a sharp blade would not be included.")

;;; polar-attribute-type
(isa polar-attribute-type collection)
(genls polar-attribute-type primitive-attribute-type)
(comment polar-attribute-type "A collection of collections, a subset of primitive-attribute-type.
Each element of polar-attribute-type is a collection of 
attributes which can be possessed either to a positive or
to a negative degree. Thus, electrical-charge would be an
instance of this collection, whereas wetness and bed-size
would not be.")
(synonymous-external-concept polar-attribute-type s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "POLAR-QUALITY")

;;; polishing-something
(isa polishing-something temporal-stuff-type)
(isa polishing-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls polishing-something physical-contact-situation)
(genls polishing-something voluntary-body-movement)
(genls polishing-something cleaning)
(genls polishing-something transformation-event)
(comment polishing-something "The subset of cleaning processes in which something is polished by rubbing it.  For example, consider the event in which Aladdin polished his magic lamp for the first time.  Polishing can be done to leather, wood, metal, etc.  A polishing-something may be performed either by a person or by a machine.")

;;; political-dispute
(isa political-dispute temporal-object-type)
(isa political-dispute default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls political-dispute dispute-event)
(comment political-dispute "The class of all political disputes, including serious political controversies and skirmishes between individuals, organizations or countries.   Such a dispute involves some question of public policy, as opposed to purely personal or commercial issiues.")

;;; political-organization
(isa political-organization existing-object-type)
(genls political-organization organization)
(comment political-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of political-organization is an organization whose members share some common political, social, or economic values and goals, and the main-function of their organization is to achieve those goals by influencing governmental powers or by helping persons who favor their views and interests to win elections or otherwise obtain governmental power.  The collection political-organization includes instances of political-party and also of political-interest-group.
Note that governmental bodies (such as a city-council) are not considered political-organizations.  Although such governmental bodies often act in political arenas, that is not their primary function.")

;;; political-party
(isa political-party existing-object-type)
(genls political-party organization)
(genls political-party political-organization)
(comment political-party "A collection of political organizations.  An element of political-party is an organization that primarily seeks to elect candidates to public office or have members continue holding public office, and which are identified as party affiliations by persons holding or seeking public office.")

;;; politician
(isa politician person-by-activity-type)
(genls politician person)
(genls politician public-sector-employee)
(comment politician "A collection of persons.  Each element of politician is a person who is involved in politics.  Subsets of politician include head-of-state, presidential-candidate, and head-of-political-party.")

;;; porosity
(isa porosity primitive-attribute-type)
(genls porosity physical-attribute)
(genls porosity scalar-interval)
(comment porosity "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of porosity represents a specific porosity of some physical object.  Different porosities may be represented using generic-value-functions.  Porosities of objects are indicated with the predicate porosity-of-object.")

;;; portable-object
(isa portable-object existing-object-type)
(genls portable-object partially-tangible)
(comment portable-object "A collection of objects.  An 
instance of portable-object is something that is not 
`fastened down' and which is light enough for an average human 
(or more to the point: for its average intended user) to move 
it easily.  For many portable-objects, portability is 
important for them to fulfill their primary functions; 
for example, an article of clothing (a something-to-wear), 
a hand-guided tool (a HandTool), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of currency), a flashlight (a flashlight), etc. would be pretty useless if they weren't portable.  In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subsets portable-television and portable-stereo-system.  Note that tool is not a subset of portable-object, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary.  A borderline example would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are `using' it can and do exactly that.  The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better NOT be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it.   A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action --- i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver.  A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move around.  A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, etc.)")

;;; portal
(isa portal region-type)
(genls portal cavity)
(comment portal "The collection of all openings, as in a surface, through a tube, etc., with or without a covering.  This includes doors, mouths, doughnut-holes, etc.")

;;; portal-covering
(isa portal-covering existing-object-type)
(isa portal-covering product-type)
(genls portal-covering solid-tangible-thing)
(genls portal-covering sheet-of-some-stuff)
(comment portal-covering "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of portal-covering is something that covers a portal (e.g., window, door, hatch).  Portal coverings may be either flexible or rigid; they may be either fixed in place or removable.  Examples include windows (in buildings or automobiles), doors, shutters, screens, draperies, window blinds, convertible tops, lids, corks.")

;;; portugal
(isa portugal independent-country)
(isa portugal entity)
(comment portugal "The nation of Portugal as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects.")

;;; position-type
(isa position-type collection)
(genls position-type existing-object-type)
(comment position-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of position-type is a collection which represents a type of position filled by people within an organization.  Examples of position-type: mayor, admiral, campaign-manager, director--movie, chairman, resident--medical.")

;;; positive-integer
(isa positive-integer collection)
(isa positive-integer measurable-attribute-type)
(genls positive-integer non-negative-integer)
(genls positive-integer positive-number)
(comment positive-integer "positive-integer is the subset of integer that excludes the negative integers and zero.  Each element of positive-integer is a whole number greater than zero; thus, it includes 5, but not -5 or 0.")

;;; positive-number
(isa positive-number measurable-attribute-type)
(genls positive-number non-negative-number)
(comment positive-number "positive-number is a subset of real-number.  Each instance of positive-number is a real-number that is greater-than zero; thus, it includes 42 and 0.17 but not 0 or -5.")

;;; postal-code
(isa postal-code i-d-string-type)
(genls postal-code i-d-string)
(comment postal-code "A collection of character strings.  Each element of postal-code is a string used by a postal service to designate a particular geographic area.  For example, the code used by the u-s-postal-service for central downtown Austin, TX, is `78701'.")

;;; posterior-region-fn
(isa posterior-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa posterior-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa posterior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa posterior-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment posterior-region-fn "The function (PosteriorRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the back or rear half or section, or posterior main portion, of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic front/back orientation, or is a (non-backward-facing) part of a larger region or object that has a front/back orientation.")

;;; posture
(isa posture sibling-disjoint-attribute-type)
(isa posture unordered-attribute-type)
(genls posture body-part-position)
(genls posture animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment posture "The collection of postures, which are types of attributes that describe bodily configurations and/or orientations of animals.  Some postures are: upright-posture, kneeling-posture, lying-on-back-posture, prone-posture, leaning-on-knuckles-posture, forward-flying-posture.")

;;; pound--unit-of-mass
(isa pound--unit-of-mass f-p-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa pound--unit-of-mass unit-of-mass)
(isa pound--unit-of-mass unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa pound--unit-of-mass mass)
(result-isa pound--unit-of-mass scalar-interval)
(args-isa pound--unit-of-mass cyc-system-real-number)
(comment pound--unit-of-mass "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the basic unit of mass in the British (FPS) system.  Technically, the FPS pound is exclusively a unit of force, analogous to the newton in the MKS system.  The usage here is occasioned primarily by the fact that interconversions between pounds and kilograms are often used in the terrestrial frame of reference.  In fact, the FPS unit of mass, analogous to the kilogram in the MKS system, is called the 'slug'.  See also f-p-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure, pound--unit-of-force.")

;;; pourable
(isa pourable physical-structural-attribute)
(comment pourable "A physical attribute.  pourable is the structural attribute of a tangible thing that is capable of flowing.  pourable things don't have intrinsic shape, but instead take the shape of their containers.  When acted on by a force, a pourable thing changes shape at a rate proportional to the force.  (In addition, pourable things may be easily separated into multiple pieces; however, such a separation is not a breaking or shearing.)  Semisolid mobs of particles, such as portions of sand or snow, are pourable; but a gelatin-like semisolid is not.  See also semi-solid-tangible-thing.")

;;; powdery
(isa powdery physical-structural-attribute)
(genl-attributes powdery granular)
(genl-attributes powdery pourable)
(comment powdery "A physical attribute.  powdery is the physical-structural-attribute which describes a solid that has the form of a powder.  powdery stuff is pourable and composed of multiple granules of solids.")

;;; powered-device
(isa powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls powered-device physical-device)
(comment powered-device "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of powered-device is any device which requires some power input in order to perform its function.  The power supplied may be muscle power, kinetic energy, fuel, electricity, etc.
This is much more general than electrical-device (qv), which is one of its subsets. powered-device and non-powered-device partition physical-device.")

;;; precipitation-cloud
(isa precipitation-cloud existing-object-type)
(genls precipitation-cloud cloud-in-sky)
(comment precipitation-cloud "The collection of clouds that emit precipitation-particles in instances of precipitation-process.")

;;; precipitation-particle
(isa precipitation-particle existing-object-type)
(genls precipitation-particle particle)
(genls precipitation-particle water)
(comment precipitation-particle "The collection of particles of liquid or solid water emitted by clouds in instances of precipitation-process.")

;;; precipitation-process
(isa precipitation-process temporal-stuff-type)
(genls precipitation-process immediate-weather-process)
(genls precipitation-process translation--single-path)
(genls precipitation-process translation--complete)
(genls precipitation-process movement--translation-process)
(genls precipitation-process emitting-an-object)
(genls precipitation-process composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment precipitation-process "A collection of physical processes; a subset of weather-event.  Elements of precipitation-process are meteorological processes in which atmospheric clouds precipitate rain, snow, or other forms of H2O precipitation.")

;;; predicate
(isa predicate object-type)
(isa predicate collection)
(genls predicate function-the-mathematical-type)
(comment predicate "The set of all Cyc predicates.  Each element of predicate is a truth-functional relationship in Cyc which takes some number of arguments; each of those arguments must be of some particular type.  For example, the predicate genls, which represents the subset/superset relation between collections, takes two arguments; each argument must be an element of collection.  The numbers and types of arguments to particular predicates are specified by explicit assertions using arity, arg1-isa, arg2-isa, etc., arg1-genl, arg2-genl, etc.  Our example genls has arity 2, and both its arg1-isa and its arg2-isa have the value collection.  







Informally, you can think of elements of predicate as functions that always return either true or false.  More formally, when an element of predicate is applied to the legal number and type of arguments, an expression is formed which is a well-formed formula (wff) in CycL.  Such expressions are called `atomic formulas' if they contain variables, and `gafs' (short for `ground atomic formulas') if they contain no variables.  







Note that in Cyc, relationships involving opaque contexts (such as modal contexts, propositional attitudes) are NOT included in predicate; see modal-relationship instead.  Quantifiers and logical operators are also excluded from predicate; see quantifier, logical-connective.











Currently (July 1996), the KB includes predicates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 arguments; i.e., arity may have a value between 1 and 5, inclusive.  The KB also includes some predicates of variable arity (see variable-arity-relation).  Unary predicates, which take just one single argument (e.g., `-- is a person' or `-- is white', are usually represented in Cyc by elements of collection or attribute-value, rather than of predicate; but see also unary-predicate.  Naming strings for elements of predicate always begin with a lowercase letter.")
(synonymous-external-concept predicate s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RELATIONALPROCESS")

;;; predicate-category
(isa predicate-category collection)
(genls predicate-category relation-type)
(comment predicate-category "A collection of collections; a subset of relation-type.  Each element of predicate-category is a collection of Cyc predicates.  Examples: temporal-part-slot, interval-based-quantity-slot, functional-slot, inter-actor-slot, transitive-binary-predicate, propositional-attitude-slot.  See also the comment on predicate.")

;;; pregnancy-ending-event
(isa pregnancy-ending-event script-type)
(isa pregnancy-ending-event temporal-object-type)
(genls pregnancy-ending-event intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls pregnancy-ending-event biological-event)
(comment pregnancy-ending-event "The collection of events which terminate a pregnancy, including birth, abortion, and miscarriage.")

;;; preparation-attribute
(isa preparation-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls preparation-attribute attribute-value)
(comment preparation-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of preparation-attribute is a characteristic of a piece of material (e.g., food) indicating (1) a type of physical preparation which that stuff has already undergone, and (2) something about its current, resulting condition.  Examples of preparation-attribute which are applicable to food include: baked, fried, toasted, fermented, grilled, frozen, dried, raw.")

;;; preparing-food-or-drink
(isa preparing-food-or-drink temporal-object-type)
(isa preparing-food-or-drink default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls preparing-food-or-drink intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls preparing-food-or-drink human-activity)
(genls preparing-food-or-drink handling-an-object)
(comment preparing-food-or-drink "A collection of events.  Each element of preparing-food-or-drink is an event in which a single instance of food-and-drink is made ready to eat.  Preparation may begin `from scratch', with raw ingredients, or may use semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes, margarita mixes, or frozen foods).  Typical sub-events in elements of preparing-food-or-drink include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or bartenders, including instances of chopping-something, cooking-food, baking-food, mixing-alcoholic-drinks, etc.  Each preparing-food-or-drink event ends when the item prepared is ready to eat.  This collection is NOT to include activities that a diner does with food at table (such as peeling, unwrapping, cutting into bitesized pieces), nor activities that a farmer does before food reaches market or kitchen (e.g., planting, harvesting).")

;;; preposition
(isa preposition linguistic-object-type)
(genls preposition speech-part)
(comment preposition "The collection of all prepositions. Prepositions are function words which usually take a noun phrase complement. They usually express temporal, spatial, or other relations. Example: `at'.")

;;; prescriber
(isa prescriber occupation-type)
(genls prescriber medical-care-professional)
(comment prescriber "People who can prescribe medications.  Doctors are prescribers, as well as osteopaths and nurse-practitioners. ")

;;; prescription-drug
(isa prescription-drug existing-stuff-type)
(isa prescription-drug product-type)
(genls prescription-drug drug-product)
(comment prescription-drug "The collection of drugs that require a doctor's permission before obtaining or consuming them.")

;;; preservative--food
(isa preservative--food existing-stuff-type)
(isa preservative--food product-type)
(genls preservative--food food-ingredient-only)
(comment preservative--food "Preservatives which are added to food to prevent spoilage.")

;;; preserving-food
(isa preserving-food temporal-object-type)
(isa preserving-food default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls preserving-food intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls preserving-food handling-an-object)
(genls preserving-food human-activity)
(comment preserving-food "A collection of events.  Each instance of preserving-food is an
event in which a single item of food or drink (a member of the
collection food-and-drink) is acted on to prevent its spoiling.")

;;; president--head-of-government-or-head-of-state
(isa president--head-of-government-or-head-of-state occupation-type)
(genls president--head-of-government-or-head-of-state head-of-state)
(comment president--head-of-government-or-head-of-state "A collection of persons.  Each element of president--head-of-government-or-head-of-state is a person who holds the title of president of some element of country, whether that title belongs to a position which is head-of-state or head-of-government (or both). Examples: Boris Yeltsin, bill-clinton, Jiang Zemin, Lee Dung-Hui.")

;;; pressure
(isa pressure derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls pressure physical-attribute)
(genls pressure scalar-interval)
(comment pressure "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of pressure represents a specific measure of a force exerted on some surface.  Degrees of pressure may be represented using generic-value-functions or with qualitative collections (e.g., bruising-pressure, fracturing-pressure, imperceptible-pressure).   Indicate the pressure of a particular fluid with the predicate fluid-pressure; indicate atmospheric pressure with barometric-pressure.")

;;; pride
(isa pride feeling-attribute-type)
(genls pride self-confidence)
(genls pride approval)
(comment pride "Self-esteem based upon one's actions, possessions, or relationships.  vanity is not necessarily entailed by pride.  This is a collection; see happiness.  More specialized feeling-attribute-types include pride-of-membership, pride-of-accomplishment, vanity, patriotism, etc. ")

;;; primary-role-use-rights
(isa primary-role-use-rights user-rights-attribute)
(comment primary-role-use-rights "An attribute of an object with respect to an agent, meaning that the agent who holds this kind of user-rights-attribute to an object is allowed to use that object in events where it performs its primary-function.  A rental agreement typically gives the renter this kind of right to use of an object (such as a car, residence, videotape, etc.)  Just because you rent a car, though, does not give you the right to sell it, burn it up, or repaint it.")

;;; primary-user-rights
(isa primary-user-rights user-rights-attribute)
(comment primary-user-rights "An attribute of an object with respect to an agent, meaning that the agent who holds this kind of user-rights-attribute to an object has priority to use that object, over other agents who can also claim a right to use it.  E.g., parents have primary-user-rights to the family car.  Note that the attribute primary-user-rights makes sense only for objects to which group-user-rights-attributes apply, since there must be multiple authorized users in order for priority of claims to occur.")

;;; primate
(isa primate biological-order)
(genls primate mammal)
(genls primate terrestrial-organism)
(comment primate "The collection of all primates.  The collection primate includes the subsets person, ape, monkey, etc.  primate is an instance of biological-order in the biological-class mammal.")

;;; prime-minister--head-of-government
(isa prime-minister--head-of-government occupation-type)
(genls prime-minister--head-of-government head-of-government)
(comment prime-minister--head-of-government "A collection of persons.  Each element of prime-minister--head-of-government is a person who holds the political office of Prime Minister in some element of country.  Examples: John Major, Benjamin Netanyahu, Lien Chen, andreas-papandreou.")

;;; primitive-attribute-type
(isa primitive-attribute-type collection)
(genls primitive-attribute-type attribute-type)
(comment primitive-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of primitive-attribute-type is a collection of `primitive' attributes such as mass, distance, charge, and others which have a single (total) ordering on (usually) a real line.  Note: primitive-attribute-type excludes the elements of unordered-attribute-type (e.g., gender).  Cf. composite-attribute-type.")
(overlapping-external-concept primitive-attribute-type s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SCALABLE-QUALITY")

;;; primitive-temporal-relation
(isa primitive-temporal-relation predicate-category)
(genls primitive-temporal-relation temporal-relation)
(comment primitive-temporal-relation "primitive-temporal-relations specify temporal relations between time-points.  The only two binary predicates which are elements of this set are after and simultaneous-with.
Note: The predicate `before' is unnecessary since (before x y) would be the same thing as (after y x))")

;;; private-sector-employee
(isa private-sector-employee occupation-type)
(genls private-sector-employee professional)
(comment private-sector-employee "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of private-sector-employee is a worker who is not paid a salary or wage by a governmental organization.  For example, employees of publicly traded corporations are elements of private-sector-employee.  Note: Private sector employees may contract with a government organization as consultants, however.")

;;; privately-held-corporation
(isa privately-held-corporation existing-object-type)
(genls privately-held-corporation legal-corporation)
(genls privately-held-corporation business)
(comment privately-held-corporation "An incorporated business whose stock, if it exists, is not

traded publicly on some stock exchange. Businesses that are traded publicly are instances of publicly-held-corporation.")

;;; problem-solving-cntxt
(isa problem-solving-cntxt object-type)
(isa problem-solving-cntxt microtheory-type)
(isa problem-solving-cntxt collection)
(genls problem-solving-cntxt microtheory)
(comment problem-solving-cntxt "The collection of microtheories that are used in applications as a means to reason about particular situations.  Every original query takes place in some problem-solving-cntxt (as opposed to a general-microtheory) which has access --- via the genl-mt relation --- to other relevant microtheories, all the way up to the most general one, the base-k-b.  A problem-solving-cntxt is ususally created temporarily for the problem at hand, and is discarded after the problem is dealt with (unlike a general-microtheory, which is created for lasting use).")

;;; process-predicate
(isa process-predicate predicate-category)
(genls process-predicate extensional-representation-predicate)
(comment process-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of process-predicate is a predicate used in assertions that describe processes.  For example, resources-available, amount-of-energy-used, signal-state, to-possessor, primary-activity-type, exports, monetary-value.")

;;; product
(isa product product-type)
(genls product individual)
(comment product "A collection of things.  Elements of product are individual goods, services, investments, etc.--basically, anything which is offered (or may be exchanged) for money or trade.  Examples: a Lexus sedan, a package of McDonald's french fries, a massage, a bouquet of flowers, a share in a money market fund, the services of a real estate agent, a research satellite.")

;;; product-standard
(isa product-standard object-type)
(genls product-standard propositional-information-thing)
(genls product-standard intangible-existing-thing)
(comment product-standard "A collection of specifications.  Each element of product-standard is a precise description applied to the instances of a particular product-type.  Manufacturers of that product type agree explicitly or in practice, or they may obey a government requirement, to make product designs following the specifications stated in the standard, so that products within the type will all have certain features in common.  For example, telephones and television sets fulfil certain product standards.  The resultant interchangeability allows compatibility with other devices and products, with public utilities, commercial trading expectations, governement purchasing requirements, etc.")

;;; product-type
(isa product-type collection)
(genls product-type collection)
(comment product-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of product-type is a collection of things--i.e., some kind of substances, objects, actions--at least some of which are produced and/or performed and sold as products.  Not all elements in such a product-type collection must be products, but some are.  Examples of product-type: dairy-product, hard-disk-drive, plastic-wrap, etc.  Note that product-type is not a subset of either object-type or stuff-type, because there are products of both kinds (e.g., rice--foodstuff is a product-type but not an object-type).  *Many* of the collections which are elements of product-type will, however, be an isa either object-type or stuff-type.")

;;; professional
(isa professional existing-object-type)
(genls professional person)
(comment professional "A set of agents.  Elements of professional are agents who spend a significant part of their waking hours doing activities that are characteristic of some occupation, skilled or unskilled.  However, elements of professional need not be working the entire duration of when they are a professional, such as a professor on summer break, or someone who is temporarily unemployed.  The elements of professional are persons, most of whom belong to at least one such collection during some portion of their lives.  Typically their actions are performed for pay, but not always (e.g., artist--visual).  What are colloquially considered professions or occupations are subsets of professional; for example, lumber-jack, scientist, lifeguard, stock-broker, technician, craft-worker, housekeeper, sports-coach, athlete, legal-professional, publicist, crew-member-on-ship, self-employed-worker (and many more).  Additionally, other subsets of professional classify workers according to other features of their working life besides skills; e.g., self-employed-worker, desk-worker.   Subsets may be general (e.g., desk-worker, doctor--medical) or specialized (e.g., continuing-ed-program-coordinator, pediatric-neuro-surgeon).  Elements of professional are people: mary-shepherd (human-cyclist), michael-jordan (athlete), alfred-north-whitehead (philosopher), michelangelo (sculptor, painter-fine-artist), bill-clinton (united-states-president), etc.")

;;; professional-office
(isa professional-office existing-object-type)
(genls professional-office local-customer-contact-point)
(comment professional-office "A collection of organizations.  Every element of professional-office is a single-site-organization comprising one or more professionals (physicians, dentists, lawyers, accountants, etc.) and their support staff.")

;;; prokaryotic-cell
(isa prokaryotic-cell existing-object-type)
(genls prokaryotic-cell cell)
(genls prokaryotic-cell single-cell-organism)
(comment prokaryotic-cell "The subset of single-cell-organism whose members are single-celled but lack nuclei and mitochondria.  The members of the monera-kingdom all belong to the collection prokaryotic-cell, which includes the subsets bacterium and blue-green-algae.  prokaryotic-cell excludes viruses, protista, prions, and rickettsia.  Unlike the elements of eukaryotic-cell, prokaryotic cells are never assembled into multicellular organisms.")

;;; promise
(isa promise object-type)
(genls promise illocutionary-force)
(comment promise "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of promise consists of a piece of information contained (perhaps implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention of assuring the listener that s/he, the speaker, will in the future perform the action described in that utterance and/or bring about the situation described therein.  A promise, unlike an offer, is not conditional on the acceptance of the listener.   `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also illocutionary-force, making-a-promise.")

;;; pronoun
(isa pronoun linguistic-object-type)
(genls pronoun speech-part)
(comment pronoun "The collection of all pronouns. Pronouns are indexicals which can replace nouns. Example: `she'.")

;;; proper-name-string
(isa proper-name-string i-d-string-type)
(genls proper-name-string i-d-string)
(comment proper-name-string "The collection of all proper names, considered as character strings.  This includes, as elements, city names such as ``Dallas'', people's names such as ``Douglas'', company names such as ``Apple'', conference names, book titles, etc.")

;;; proper-noun
(isa proper-noun linguistic-object-type)
(genls proper-noun speech-part)
(comment proper-noun "The collection of all proper nouns. Proper nouns are usually capitalized, and they usually denote some particular person, place, or thing.  Many proper nouns cannot be preceded by a determiner, and many have no plural form.  Example: `Dallas'.")

;;; proposal
(isa proposal microtheory-type)
(genls proposal agreement)
(comment proposal "A collection of agreements.  Each element of proposal is an agreement to which only one party (namely, the proposer) has agreed.  Proposals are usually part of some negotiating process.  If a proposal is accepted by all parties, they all then become agreeing-agents in an agreement based on that proposal.  For example, an instance of bid-on-sale states the terms at which a potential seller will supply goods to the agent who requested bids.  If a particular seller's bid is accepted, then some instance of sales-contract is drawn up to which both parties agree; it includes the terms of the bid, along with any additions such as information about how or when the buyer will pay.")

;;; proposition
(isa proposition object-type)
(genls proposition abstract-information)
(genls proposition computational-object)
(comment proposition "A collection of computational objects.  Each element of proposition is an abstract propositional claim that has some truth value in some world.  An abstract proposition is assumed to be representable by a statement in some logical language, and usually in one or more natural languages.  Most formal languages (such as predicate calculus) and natural languages (such as English) are capable of composing propositions from fragments that are other propositions.  Elements of the subset cyc-formula (q.v.) are statements in such a language.")

;;; propositional-attitude-slot
(isa propositional-attitude-slot predicate-category)
(genls propositional-attitude-slot modal-relationship)
(genls propositional-attitude-slot intangible-object-predicate)
(genls propositional-attitude-slot binary-predicate)
(comment propositional-attitude-slot "The collection of binary-predicates in Cyc which represent the various propositional attitudes.  Examples include beliefs, desires, biases, knows, opinions, expects, intends, goals, notices, etc.")

;;; propositional-information-thing
(isa propositional-information-thing microtheory-type)
(isa propositional-information-thing object-type)
(genls propositional-information-thing mental-object)
(genls propositional-information-thing microtheory)
(comment propositional-information-thing "A collection of intangible objects.  Each element of propositional-information-thing is a chunk of abstract propositional information (`a PIT' abbreviates `a propositional information thing').  Such a chunk of information may consist of one or more propositions.  The propositional content of a PIT is not intrinsically encoded in any particular language, but it may be representable in many languages.  PITs are used to represent the meaningful contents of information bearing things.  Physical things--objects or events--which are elements of information-bearing-thing are linked to the abstract PIT contents they embody, by using the predicate contains-information (q.v.).  An element of propositional-information-thing may be something as simple as the information content of a command to stop one's vehicle, expressed verbally or symbolically in a road sign or in a traffic officer's gesture; or a PIT may be something as complex as the entire contemporary knowledge of mathematics, which is embodied in many and various sources.  More examples: the story embodied in a showing of the movie `Citizen Kane', the information in my resume, the content of a conversation in American Sign Language, and the information contained in the cyc-k-b, may all be represented as PITs.
Note that the collection propositional-information-thing is a subset of microtheory, which makes the Cyc inference mechanisms for handling microtheories available to manage the propositional content of information bearing things.  See also microtheory and ist--information.")

;;; protective-attire
(isa protective-attire product-type)
(isa protective-attire existing-object-type)
(genls protective-attire something-to-wear)
(genls protective-attire sheet-of-some-stuff)
(comment protective-attire "A collection of objects.  Each element of protective-attire is something to wear that is designed for protection from the elements or from injury.  Some subsets of protective-attire include the collections snow-goggles, surgical-glove, welding-mask, helmet, boxing-head-gear, face-mask-for-catcher, firefighters-coat, rain-gear.")

;;; prothetic-slot
(isa prothetic-slot predicate-category)
(genls prothetic-slot binary-predicate)
(comment prothetic-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of prothetic-slot is a binary predicate whose range of values, for any particular element in its domain, must form at least a partial ordering.  Examples: arity, latitude, path-grade, fax-number-prefix, street-of-address.")

;;; protista-kingdom
(isa protista-kingdom biological-kingdom)
(comment protista-kingdom "A biological-kingdom proposed to include primarily single-celled, eukaryotic organisms such as algae, $Protozoans, and slime-molds.")

;;; proton
(isa proton existing-object-type)
(genls proton nucleon)
(comment proton "A collection of objects; a subset of nucleon.  Each instance of proton is a nucleon which has an electrical-charge of +1.")

;;; protozoan
(isa protozoan biological-subkingdom)
(genls protozoan single-cell-organism)
(genls protozoan eukaryotic-cell)
(comment protozoan "The collection of protozoa; a subset of single-cell-organism.  Elements of protozoan are also elements of eukaryotic-cell.  Subsets include amoeba and many others.  Protozoa lack cell walls made of cellulose.  Many protozoa are motile, using pseudopoda, cilia, or flagella to move.  Some cause diseases in larger organisms.  The class protozoan is an instance of biological-subkingdom in many classification systems, sometimes placed under the protista-kingdom.")

;;; psychological-ailment
(isa psychological-ailment physiological-condition-type)
(genls psychological-ailment ailment-condition)
(comment psychological-ailment "The collection of ailments that are classified as psychological due to their origin and/or manifestation in the mind of the sufferer rather than (or at least in addition to, and perhaps causing) manifestations in the sufferer's body.  Having a brain tumor is not an element of this collection, but imagining that you have one is an element of psychological-ailment, and so is the deep case of depression you fall into once you believe (rightly or wrongly) that you have a brain tumor.  Some subsets of this collection are the collections phobia, depression--psychological-condition, and panic-attack.")

;;; public-event
(isa public-event temporal-object-type)
(genls public-event social-occurrence)
(comment public-event "The collection of events which occur in front of, or in the contemporaneous awareness of, a large number of persons -- the-public.  Usually these are intended to be public events, such as the Olympics, a public beheading, etc.")

;;; public-official
(isa public-official position-type)
(genls public-official public-sector-employee)
(comment public-official "A collection of persons; a subset of public-sector-employee.  Each element of public-official is a person who holds a position that is directly involved with some aspect of governing a country (or a sub-region of it).  Many public offices in democratically governed countries are filled by election; some are filled by appointment.  In other countries, public offices are sometimes filled by succession or by military decree.
Note: Cyc represents a public office, such as mayor or united-states-president, as the collection of officials who have held that office, together with axioms describing their responsibilities.  public-official is a position-type.")

;;; public-sector-employee
(isa public-sector-employee occupation-type)
(genls public-sector-employee professional)
(comment public-sector-employee "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of public-sector-employee is a person who is employed by a local, state (or provincial), or national government.  This collection includes both those who are employed directly in government administration (e.g., elected and appointed officials, tax officers, police and military personnel, other regulatory agents) and those who are employed in support services wholly funded by the government (e.g., postal employees, public school teachers, firefighters, unionized government workers, etc.).")

;;; publicly-held-corporation
(isa publicly-held-corporation existing-object-type)
(genls publicly-held-corporation business)
(genls publicly-held-corporation legal-corporation)
(comment publicly-held-corporation "A collection of businesses; a subset of legal-corporation.  An element of publicly-held-corporation is an incorporated business whose stock is traded publicly on some stock exchange or another public securities market.  Businesses that are not traded publicly are instances of privately-held-corporation.")

;;; published-material
(isa published-material existing-object-type)
(genls published-material information-bearing-object)
(comment published-material "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs).  Each element of published-material is an IBO that belongs to a set of multiple copies which have identical information contents, embodied in similar physical form, and which have been produced for distribution.  published-material includes the published elements of textual-material (e.g., books and magazines); software duplicated for sale or distribution; and mass-produced elements of recorded-sound-product.  Periodicals, advertisements, commercial films, annual business reports, tax schedules, all are sub-classes of published-material.  Examples of published-material: Cycorp's copy of `The New York Times' for July 4, 1996; my paperback copy of the novel `Parade's End'; Bill's copy of OS/2; Lisa's copy of `The White Album'.  See also specified-information-bearing-thing-type.")

;;; pulverization-event
(isa pulverization-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls pulverization-event destruction-event)
(genls pulverization-event separation--complete)
(genls pulverization-event composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment pulverization-event "A collection of events.  In each pulverization-event, some solid-tangible-thing is turned into powder or a liquid-state-of-matter through the application of a force.")

;;; pure-compound
(isa pure-compound tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls pure-compound inanimate-thing)
(genls pure-compound tangible-thing)
(comment pure-compound "A collection of tangible stuffs.  Each instance of pure-compound is a chemically pure portion of stuff belonging to some particular chemical-compound-type (e.g., carbon, water, cellulose).  `Chemically pure' applies to a piece of stuff which has no sub-portions which fail to conform to the chemical composition of its (single) chemical-compound-type.  Since this kind of purity is relative to specified chemical composition only, pure-compound (and pure-fn) does not pertain to mixtures in Cyc (such as air).  Cf. mixture, chemical-compound-type.")

;;; pure-compound-type
(isa pure-compound-type collection)
(genls pure-compound-type tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(comment pure-compound-type "A collection of collections.  Every instance of pure-compound-type is a collection which is a subset of both pure-compound and of some particular chemical-compound-type (e.g., carbon, water, cellulose).  Each instance of pure-compound-type is defined ONLY by the properties of its chemical-compound-type, and of pure-compound (q.v.).  For example, (pure-fn fructose) is an instance of pure-compound-type, but the subsets of fructose, such as (say) `pure fructose derived from honey' would not be instances of pure-compound-type.")

;;; pure-fn
(isa pure-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa pure-fn pure-compound-type)
(result-genl pure-fn pure-compound)
(arg1-isa pure-fn chemical-compound-type)
(arg1-genl pure-fn tangible-thing)
(comment pure-fn "pure-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function.  (pure-fn X) denotes the subset of the chemical-compound-type X whose instances are chemically pure.  Note that pure-fn can be applied only to instances of chemical-compound-type (such as fructose or water), but not to mixtures (such as air).  See also pure-compound.")

;;; pure-space
(isa pure-space stuff-type)
(genls pure-space spatial-thing)
(comment pure-space "The collection of all portions, regions, or quantities of empty space (whether connected in one piece or unconnected, in multiple pieces).  The meaning of `empty' depends on context. A high energy physics microtheory might define `empty' as containing no particles, thus an element of pure-space would be a complete vacuum.  But an element of pure-space in ambient-conditions-mt would be a piece of atmosphere.  An undersea context could treat pure-space as seawater.  Elements of pure-space are not committed to tangibility, so elements may be intangible or abstract pieces of space.")
(overlapping-external-concept pure-space s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPACE")

;;; pure-time
(isa pure-time stuff-type)
(genls pure-time intangible-individual)
(comment pure-time "Abstract time itself, including all time from the past, present and future, irrespective of any defining (relevant) events, or containing no (relevant) events.   Elements are always intangible, abstract featureless times, either all of time or some temporal event-free or relevant-event-free subpart thereof.  An instance of pure-time need not have any starting or ending points, either defined or implicit.  pure-time is 'empty' of relevant or salient events;  what is relevant or salient depends on the context.   In a physics context, the background buzz of atoms may be relevant events, whereas that would not be relevant during a non-state-change of an electronic device, or a boring wait for a train.  See also time-interval.")
(synonymous-external-concept pure-time s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME")

;;; purposeful-action
(isa purposeful-action temporal-object-type)
(isa purposeful-action script-type)
(genls purposeful-action mental-activity)
(genls purposeful-action action)
(comment purposeful-action "purposeful-action is the collection of actions in which at least one actor is consciously, volitionally, purposefully doing the action (i.e., there is one or more deliberate-actors (q.v.)).")

;;; putting-on-a-clothing-item
(isa putting-on-a-clothing-item temporal-object-type)
(isa putting-on-a-clothing-item default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls putting-on-a-clothing-item human-activity)
(genls putting-on-a-clothing-item handling-an-object)
(comment putting-on-a-clothing-item "A collection of events.  Each element of putting-on-a-clothing-item is an event in which some wearable item is donned.  Such an event may be performed either by the wearer or by someone else (e.g., putting on a horse's bridle or a child's mittens).  After an element of putting-on-a-clothing-item occurs, there exists an element of wearing-something (q.v.), i.e., the situation in which the item donned is worn-on the body of the wearer.")

;;; qualitative-time-of-day
(isa qualitative-time-of-day temporal-object-type)
(genls qualitative-time-of-day event)
(comment qualitative-time-of-day "Instances of qualitative-time-of-day are events, not just time-intervals.  They are celestial events such as instances of dawn, morning, evening, etc.   On planet-earth, each of these is of course synchronized with the daily cycle of the calendar, but its absolute timing (starting-point and ending-point) depends on the season and the observer's location on the planet's surface.")

;;; quantifier
(isa quantifier relation-type)
(genls quantifier relationship)
(comment quantifier "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of quantifier represents a relationship between a variable and a formula.  In Cyc, a quantifier binds the variable found in its first argument within the formula that appears as its second argument.  Elements of quantifier in CycL include for-all, there-exists, there-exist-exactly, there-exist-at-least, there-exist-at-most.")

;;; quantity-slot
(isa quantity-slot predicate-category)
(genls quantity-slot prothetic-slot)
(comment quantity-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of quantity-slot is a binary predicate that takes a quantity as the value of its second argument.  In Cyc, those quantities are elements of scalar-interval (q.v.).  Examples of quantity-slot: distance-translated, spatial-extent, density-of-object.  See also interval-based-quantity-slot.")

;;; quarter-fn
(isa quarter-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa quarter-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa quarter-fn calendar-quarter)
(arg1-isa quarter-fn positive-integer)
(arg2-isa quarter-fn calendar-year)
(comment quarter-fn "(quarter-fn ?N ?YR) denotes the Nth calendar-quarter of the year ?YR. For example, (quarter-fn 2 (year-fn 1966)) denotes the second quarter of 1966.")

;;; quarters-duration
(isa quarters-duration unit-of-time)
(isa quarters-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa quarters-duration unit-of-measure)
(result-isa quarters-duration scalar-interval)
(result-isa quarters-duration time--quantity)
(args-isa quarters-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment quarters-duration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.  An expression of the form (quarters-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min quarter-years and at most ?max quarter-years.  (quarters-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num quarter-years.")

;;; quasi-ordered-set
(isa quasi-ordered-set object-type)
(genls quasi-ordered-set set-with-structure)
(comment quasi-ordered-set "The collection of all quasiordered sets (also called quasiorders, semiorders, quosets or pseudo-ordered sets), each being a set-with-structure consisting of a set together with a quasiordering relation on that set.   Mathematical partially-ordered-sets, including directed chains, trees, forests, and lattices, are special cases of quasi-ordered-set, but unlike the former, quasi-ordered-sets can have relational cycles.  The quasiordering relation is defined on the associated set, and is transitive on that set and reflexive on that set (it need not be antisymmetric, asymmetric or symmetric on that set).   Sometimes the members of the quasi-ordered-set are called its nodes, and the non-redundant (transitively reduced) pairwise relations between the nodes are called its links.  A quasi-ordered-set may be finite or infinite, and connected or unconnected.  (Note: A quasi-ordered-set is not a set-or-collection, rather it is a set-with-structure that has an associated set-or-collection.)")

;;; quaternary-predicate
(isa quaternary-predicate collection)
(isa quaternary-predicate relation-type)
(genls quaternary-predicate predicate)
(comment quaternary-predicate "quaternary-predicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take four arguments.")

;;; query
(isa query object-type)
(genls query illocutionary-force)
(comment query "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of query consists of a piece of information contained (perhaps implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention of asking the listener whether the state of affairs described in the utterance in fact holds.  The speaker's ultimate goal may be either to learn the information or to test the knowledge of the agent queried.   `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also illocutionary-force, requesting-information.")

;;; quintary-predicate
(isa quintary-predicate relation-type)
(isa quintary-predicate collection)
(genls quintary-predicate predicate)
(comment quintary-predicate "quintary-predicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take five arguments.")

;;; quotient-fn
(isa quotient-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa quotient-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa quotient-fn scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa quotient-fn scalar-interval)
(comment quotient-fn "quotient-fn is the division operator, a binary mathematical function.  (quotient-fn DIVIDEND DIVISOR) yields a new quantity that is the result of dividing the DIVIDEND by DIVISOR.  For example, (quotient-fn 24 6) returns 4.")

;;; r-s-t-relation
(isa r-s-t-relation predicate-category)
(genls r-s-t-relation intangible-object-predicate)
(comment r-s-t-relation "A set of predicates describing possible relations between text constituents. These predicates are roughly adopted from work in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann & Thompson) and the SENSUS ontology (Hovy). Typically, these relations serve as necessary coherence links between segments of a text.")

;;; radially-symmetric-object
(isa radially-symmetric-object existing-object-type)
(genls radially-symmetric-object spatial-thing)
(comment radially-symmetric-object "The collection of objects which are radially symmetric, such as wheels, starfish, etc.")

;;; radian
(isa radian unit-of-angular-distance)
(isa radian standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa radian unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa radian physical-attribute)
(result-isa radian scalar-interval)
(args-isa radian cyc-system-real-number)
(comment radian "This is the basic unit of angular measure.  2 radians make a complete circle.")

;;; radians-per-second
(isa radians-per-second unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa radians-per-second unit-of-angular-speed)
(isa radians-per-second m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa radians-per-second standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa radians-per-second rate-of-rotation)
(result-isa radians-per-second rate)
(result-isa radians-per-second scalar-interval)
(args-isa radians-per-second cyc-system-real-number)
(comment radians-per-second "The basic measure of rate-of-rotation.")

;;; radians-per-second-per-second
(isa radians-per-second-per-second unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa radians-per-second-per-second unit-of-angular-acceleration)
(isa radians-per-second-per-second m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa radians-per-second-per-second standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa radians-per-second-per-second angular-acceleration-rate)
(result-isa radians-per-second-per-second scalar-interval)
(args-isa radians-per-second-per-second cyc-system-real-number)
(comment radians-per-second-per-second "The basic measure of angular acceleration")

;;; radiation-resistance
(isa radiation-resistance primitive-attribute-type)
(genls radiation-resistance scalar-interval)
(genls radiation-resistance physical-attribute)
(comment radiation-resistance "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of radiation-resistance represents a specific capacity of a tangible object to resist radiation.  Degrees of radiation-resistance may be represented using generic-value-functions.  Indicate a particular object's radiation-resistance with the predicate resistance-to-radiation.")

;;; radio-wave
(isa radio-wave temporal-stuff-type)
(isa radio-wave script-type)
(genls radio-wave electromagnetic-radiation)
(comment radio-wave "A collection of events; a subset of electromagnetic-radiation. Each element of radio-wave is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from approximately 1 centimeters (1x10^8 angstrom) to 3,000,000 meters (3x10^18 angstrom), and a frequency of approximately 10^8 hertz to 10^2 hertz.  This includes the spectrum for RadioWave-UHF, RadioWave-VHF, RadioWave-FM, RadioWave-AM, and several other types of common use electromagnetic-radiation.")

;;; railroad-station--physical
(isa railroad-station--physical existing-object-type)
(genls railroad-station--physical building)
(comment railroad-station--physical "The collection of all railroad stations (train station buildings).  These are buildings located near railroad tracks and their primary purpose is to be a place where trains discharge and receive passengers (and possibly freight).")

;;; railway
(isa railway existing-object-type)
(genls railway path-for-wheeled-vehicles)
(comment railway "The collection of all pathways made of RailroadTracks and used for train transportation.  It includes main lines and sidings.")

;;; rain-process
(isa rain-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa rain-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls rain-process precipitation-process)
(comment rain-process "The collection of events in which the condensed liquid water in clouds forms droplets (or ice cystals which subsequently melt) substantial enough to fall to the surface of the earth.")

;;; raindrop
(isa raindrop existing-object-type)
(genls raindrop 
  (liquid-fn water))
(genls raindrop precipitation-particle)
(comment raindrop "The collection of drops of liquid water emitted by clouds in instances of rain-process.")

;;; raininess
(isa raininess primitive-attribute-type)
(genls raininess weather-attribute)
(genls raininess scalar-interval)
(genls raininess physical-attribute)
(comment raininess "A collection of attributes; a subset of scalar-interval.  Each element of raininess describes the intensity with which it is raining at an outdoor-location.  (At the low extreme, it is not raining at all.)  Degrees of raininess may be represented qualitatively (e.g., rainy), or using generic-value-functions.  The raininess of a location is indicated with the predicate raininess-of-region.")

;;; rainy
(isa rainy raininess)
(genl-attributes rainy cloudy)
(comment rainy "The weather-attribute that characterizes an outdoor-location at which it is raining.")

;;; rate
(isa rate attribute-type)
(genls rate scalar-interval)
(comment rate "A subset of scalar-interval, whose elements are an amount of some property, taken with respect to some unit of time.  Elements of rate include, for example, the instances of speed (e.g., 55 mph), frequency (e.g., 55 kHz), monetary-flow-rate (e.g., 55 cents per minute).  See unit-of-rate for the units used by Cyc to measure rates (e.g., dollars-per-year, meters-per-second).")

;;; rate-of-rotation
(isa rate-of-rotation measurable-attribute-type)
(genls rate-of-rotation scalar-interval)
(genls rate-of-rotation physical-attribute)
(comment rate-of-rotation "A collection of scalar rates of rotation.")

;;; rational-number
(isa rational-number measurable-attribute-type)
(genls rational-number real-number)
(comment rational-number "The collection of all rational numbers; a subset of real-number.  Each element of rational-number is a number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers, i.e., a ratio.  For example, 3/4, 2 1/8, 0.3333333..., 11/5.")

;;; reading
(isa reading temporal-stuff-type)
(isa reading default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls reading accessing-an-i-b-t)
(genls reading perceiving)
(comment reading "The collection of acts of reading textual-material.  These may be for extracting some sort of information from the text, for entertainment, for prurient stimulation, or to test reading skills.")

;;; real-estate
(isa real-estate existing-object-type)
(isa real-estate product-type)
(genls real-estate solid-tangible-product)
(comment real-estate "A collection of tangible objects.  Each element of real-estate is either a parcel of land or a land-based property that can be bought, sold, or rented.  This includes buildings and parts of buildings such as office suites or condominiums, as well as parcels of land.  Some prominent examples: guantanamo-naval-base, new-york-hilton-at-broadway, world-trade-center.")

;;; real-number
(isa real-number collection)
(isa real-number measurable-attribute-type)
(genls real-number scalar-point-value)
(genls real-number interval-on-number-line)
(genls real-number number--general)
(comment real-number "The collection of all the minimal intervals (i.e., points) on the number line; a subset of interval-on-number-line.  Each element of real-number is a single point on the real number line, from minus-infinity to plus-infinity.  Subsets of real-number include integer, rational-number, negative-number, prime-number, and others. 
Note: Real numbers, like other elements of interval-on-number-line, are measured along a single number `line'; but complex numbers, quaternions, etc., are n-tuples of numbers, and therefore are elements of n-tuple-interval. For example, complex-number is a subset of n-tuple-interval")

;;; receiving
(isa receiving temporal-object-type)
(genls receiving transfer-in)
(comment receiving "A collection of events; a subset of generalized-transfer.  Each element of receiving is an event in which something `comes in' to an object.  Typically, a receiving has associated with it an element of translocation; a particular receiving and its associated translocation(s) are related by the predicate transfer-in-sub-event.  If the thing which `comes in' is an instance of partially-tangible (such as a baseball, or a SCUD missile), then its reception belongs to the specialized subset, receiving-an-object (q.v.).  If the translocation associated with the receiving is an instance of wave-propagation (such as a radio broadcast, or heat radiation from the Sun), then the receiving belongs to the subset receiving-a-wave (q.v.).")

;;; receiving-a-wave
(isa receiving-a-wave temporal-stuff-type)
(genls receiving-a-wave receiving)
(comment receiving-a-wave "A collection of events; a subset of receiving.  Each element of receiving-a-wave is an event in which an instance of wave-propagation is received at a to-location.  For example, my CD player receiving an infrared signal from the remote control; hearing a sound of distant thunder; a radio telescope receiving signals from a celestial body. See also wave-propagation.")

;;; receiving-an-object
(isa receiving-an-object temporal-object-type)
(genls receiving-an-object receiving)
(comment receiving-an-object "A collection of events, receiving-an-object is a subset of the collection receiving.  An instance of receiving-an-object is an event in which there is some partially-tangible which is the object-moving, i.e., the thing which `comes in' to the receiver (the to-location).  For example, the object-moving on an occasion when Lynn Swann received a pass from Terry Bradshaw during a Steelers' game would be a football (i.e., some instance of football--american) and the passing/receiving event itself would be a receiving-an-object.")

;;; recorded-sound-product
(isa recorded-sound-product existing-object-type)
(isa recorded-sound-product product-type)
(genls recorded-sound-product partially-tangible-product)
(genls recorded-sound-product published-material)
(comment recorded-sound-product "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of published-material.  Each element of recorded-sound-product is a sound recording which is one of a class of similar recordings with the same information content.  Typically, recorded-sound-product includes audio recordings (on audio cassettes, CDs, vinyl records) prepared and duplicated for sale as a product.  See also audio-recorded-object.")

;;; recorded-video-product
(isa recorded-video-product existing-object-type)
(isa recorded-video-product product-type)
(genls recorded-video-product published-material)
(genls recorded-video-product partially-tangible-product)
(comment recorded-video-product "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of published-material.  Each element of recorded-video-product is a video recording which is one of a class of similar recordings with the same information content.  Typically, recorded-video-product includes video recordings (on videotape, laserdiscs, etc.) prepared and duplicated for sale as a product.  See also video-recording.")

;;; recovering-from-ailment
(isa recovering-from-ailment temporal-object-type)
(isa recovering-from-ailment script-type)
(genls recovering-from-ailment intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls recovering-from-ailment physical-event)
(comment recovering-from-ailment "A collection of events.  In an instance of recovering-from-ailment, some member of biological-living-object recovers from an ailment-condition it has at the beginning of this recovery period.")

;;; rectangular-solid-fn
(isa rectangular-solid-fn shape-function)
(result-isa rectangular-solid-fn abstract-shape)
(arg1-isa rectangular-solid-fn distance)
(arg2-isa rectangular-solid-fn distance)
(arg3-isa rectangular-solid-fn distance)
(comment rectangular-solid-fn "The Cyc function rectangular-solid-fn is a shape-function (q.v.).  (rectangular-solid-fn LN BR HT) returns an abstract rectangular solid of length LN, breadth BR, and height HT.  For example, the shape of a 2-by-4 stud is rectangular3-d-shape; it fits-in the shape denoted by (rectangular-solid-fn (inch 2) (inch 4) (foot--unit-of-measure 8)).")

;;; reference-work
(isa reference-work existing-object-type)
(genls reference-work textual-material)
(comment reference-work "The set of all documents that provide a more or less non-speculative, `fact-oriented,' comprehensive description of some knowledge domain.")

;;; reflexive-binary-predicate
(isa reflexive-binary-predicate collection)
(isa reflexive-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(genls reflexive-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(comment reflexive-binary-predicate "The collection of all binary predicates ?pred such that  (implies (and (isa ?PRED reflexive-binary-predicate) (arg1-isa ?PRED ?ARG1) (arg2-isa ?PRED ?ARG2) (isa ?OBJ ?ARG1) (isa ?OBJ ?ARG2)) (?PRED ?OBJ ?OBJ)).")

;;; region-type
(isa region-type collection)
(genls region-type existing-object-type)
(comment region-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of region-type is a collection of spatial regions.Such collections have elements that are identifiable subregions of objects, but that are not themselves independent objects.  Collections that are elements of region-type include palm-of-hand, doorway, wall--generic-barrier, work-surface, handle, and many others.")

;;; regional-government
(isa regional-government existing-object-type)
(genls regional-government legal-government-organization)
(comment regional-government "A collection of government organizations; a subset of legal-government-organization.  An element of regional-government is a government organization which controls a particular geopolitical region (e.g., a country, state, city, county, etc).  The sub-organizations of an element of regional-government may include such function-specific departments (q.v.) as legislatures, cabinets, police departments, Boards of Education, and miscellaneous regulatory agencies (which are also legal-government-organizations).  The sub-organizations of a regional-government do not include other regional-governments.")

;;; reifiable-function
(isa reifiable-function relation-type)
(isa reifiable-function collection)
(genls reifiable-function non-predicate-function)
(comment reifiable-function "The collection of all Cyc functions whose values can be reified and treated like Cyc constants.  Using reifiable functions allow us to add to the KB efficiently; e.g., (government-fn france) can be treated more or less the same as if we had created a new constant term called `GovernmentOfFrance', and government-fn can be applied to any element of geopolitical-entity to produce such a reified term representing the region's government.  On the other hand, it is not desirable to reify every non-atomic term; for example, all the measurable quantities, such as (inch 5), and the numbers which result from using elements of function-from-quantities-to-quantities (e.g., plus-fn).  Thus, individual-denoting-function does not and should NOT have reifiable-function as a genls, because individual-denoting-function includes the elements of unit-of-measure and other functions whose uses we don't want to reify.  See also non-predicate-function, reifiable-term.")

;;; reifiable-term
(isa reifiable-term reifiable-term)
(isa reifiable-term collection)
(genls reifiable-term cyc-indexed-term)
(comment reifiable-term "A collection of Cyc terms.  All CycL constants are elements of reifiable-terms, as is any NAT (non-atomic term; see non-predicate-function) whose function is an instance of reifiable-function.  E.g., since government-fn is an instance of reifiable-function, it is true that (government-fn france) is a reifiable-term.





[Implementation-level Footnote:   At the present time, all assertions of the form (isa TERM reifiable-term) are recorded and checked specially, as compared to other sorts of assertions; see defn-iff.]")

;;; relation-type
(isa relation-type collection)
(genls relation-type object-type)
(comment relation-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of relation-type is a collection of relations used in Cyc, including predicates, lambda functions, mathematical functions, non-atomic terms, and other types.  Examples: unary-function, logical-connective, individual-denoting-function, generic-time-predicate, language-describing-predicate, modal-relationship.")

;;; relationship
(isa relationship relation-type)
(isa relationship collection)
(genls relationship mathematical-object)
(genls relationship individual)
(comment relationship "A collection of abstract objects.  Each element of relationship represents some kind of relation.  Some elements of relationship are truth-valued, that is, when applied to arguments, they yield statements which are true or false.  That includes elements of the following subsets of relationship: predicate, logical-connective, and quantifier.  Other elements of relationship yield new terms, rather than just true or false -- among them are all the members of non-predicate-function.  Syntactically, elements of relationship are Cyc constants that can legally appear in the `zero-th' argument place of a CycL expression, i.e., immediately after the opening parenthesis in a CycL expression.")

;;; relationship-predicate
(isa relationship-predicate predicate-category)
(genls relationship-predicate intangible-object-predicate)
(comment relationship-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of relationship-predicate is a predicate used to describe relationships between intangible or abstract objects.  Examples: sub-equations, sub-functions, max-quant-value, mean-quant-value, expected-value, derivatives-of-function, range-of-distribution, inverse-func, less-likely-than.")

;;; relative-humidity
(isa relative-humidity primitive-attribute-type)
(genls relative-humidity scalar-interval)
(genls relative-humidity physical-attribute)
(comment relative-humidity "A collection of attributes; a subset of scalar-interval.  The elements of relative-humidity represent the extent to which the atmosphere at a location approaches total saturation with water vapor.  The relative humidity of a location is indicated with the predicate ambient-relative-humidity.")

;;; relaxed--emotion
(isa relaxed--emotion feeling-attribute-type)
(genls relaxed--emotion feeling-attribute)
(comment relaxed--emotion "The feeling of being emotionally relaxed, of having no pressing troubles or duties weighing on one, of being at ease and untroubled.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  A related feeling-attribute-type is calm.")

;;; relief--the-emotion
(isa relief--the-emotion feeling-attribute-type)
(genls relief--the-emotion feeling-attribute)
(comment relief--the-emotion "Emotion aroused by the removal or lightening of something oppressive, distressing, or painful.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; religion
(isa religion belief-system-type)
(genls religion belief-system)
(comment religion "The collection of all religions or equivalent sets of beliefs that answer the `big questions' about creation, existence, etc.  Some elements of this are: animist-religion, catholicism, atheism, etc.")

;;; religious-holiday
(isa religious-holiday script-type)
(isa religious-holiday temporal-object-type)
(genls religious-holiday holiday)
(comment religious-holiday "Each religious-holiday is a holiday which is specified by some religious tradition.  Note that individuals may observe or otherwise participate in a religious-holiday without being members of the associated religion.")

;;; religious-organization
(isa religious-organization existing-object-type)
(genls religious-organization organization)
(comment religious-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of religious-organization is a belief-system-focus-group whose members share religious beliefs, together with meetings, rituals, or practices related to those beliefs.  The collection religious-organization includes elements of local-religious-congregation such as local churches, temples, mosques and shrines (qua organizations), as well as worldwide religious organizations such as the-roman-catholic-church.")

;;; removing-something
(isa removing-something temporal-object-type)
(isa removing-something script-type)
(genls removing-something translation--complete)
(genls removing-something translation--location-change)
(genls removing-something causing-another-objects-translational-motion)
(comment removing-something "A collection of events.  During an instance of removing-something, the object-removed is separated from an object or configuration to which it belonged prior to the removal event.  In different types of removals, either the object-removed or the thing it was associated with may be destroyed; or both may survive.  Examples of removing-something include: someone unwrapping a present, undressing, digging up a root, removing an appendix, and stripping wax off a floor.")

;;; renting
(isa renting default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa renting temporal-object-type)
(genls renting money-transaction)
(genls renting temporary-change-of-user-rights)
(genls renting transferring-possession)
(genls renting making-something-available)
(genls renting commercial-activity)
(genls renting monetary-exchange-of-user-rights)
(genls renting purposeful-action)
(comment renting "A collection of events; a subset of monetary-exchange-of-user-rights (among other supersets).  Each element of renting is an event during which one agent grants to another agent the use of an object (owned or controlled by the first agent) in exchange for some remuneration.  The schedule of payment may vary, depending upon the rental period, type of object involved, type of usage granted, and/or other considerations.  The agent providing the object to rent is called the from-possessor; the agent paying to use the object is called the to-possessor.  Those agents enter into an agreement (q.v.).  Examples of renting might include:  Fred renting a particular apartment last year; Jane renting a car all this week; Jack renting a canoe on Saturday morning. See also primary-role-use-rights.")

;;; renting-fn
(isa renting-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa renting-fn script-type)
(result-isa renting-fn product-type)
(result-isa renting-fn temporal-object-type)
(result-genl renting-fn renting)
(arg1-isa renting-fn existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl renting-fn partially-tangible)
(comment renting-fn "renting-fn is a Cyc function, and in particular a collection-denoting-function.  It returns a subset of actions which are instances of renting.  (renting-fn TYPE) denotes the collection of events in which an agent gets the use and/or possession (but not ownership) of an instance of TYPE by paying some money to the owner.  For instance, (renting-fn automobile) returns a set of all the events in which an agent rents an automobile.
Note:  That means that the value of (renting-fn automobile) is both extensionally and intensionally the same as the collection renting-of-automobile.")

;;; reproductive-system
(isa reproductive-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls reproductive-system animal-body-part)
(comment reproductive-system "The collection of all animals' reproductive systems.  A reproductive-system is a system of organs used by the animal for reproduction; i.e., for creating an offspring, a new member of that species.  
Note:  Strictly speaking, it might be more accurate to describe a reproductive-system as containing the above sorts of systems for a mated male and female of a sexual species, as only that combined system is capable of actually producing an offspring.  But most of the things one wants to say about a reproductive-system really do only make sense for one single animal at a time.  So think of reproduction as a cooperative activity, such as having a conversation, where we still refer to each animal's incomplete reproductive system as a reproductive-system.")

;;; reptile
(isa reptile biological-class)
(genls reptile vertebrate)
(genls reptile non-person-animal)
(comment reptile "The collection of reptiles; a subset of vertebrate.  Each element of reptile is an air-breathing, cold-blooded animal which has a body covered by scales or bony plates.  The collection reptile includes the subsets snake, turtle, lizard, etc.  Members of most species of reptile lay eggs; none has milk, hair, feathers, or postembryonic gills.  reptile is an instance of biological-class.")

;;; request
(isa request object-type)
(genls request illocutionary-force)
(comment request "A collection of illocutionary forces.  Each instance of request consists of a piece of information contained (usually implicitly) in a communication, and which expresses the speaker's intention to ask the listener to perform the action(s) described in his/her utterance.  If the listener responds positively, s/he places him/herself under an obligation to do the indicated action.  `Speaker' and `listener' are broadly interpreted to mean, respectively, any sender-of-info and recipient-of-info.  See also illocutionary-force.")

;;; requesting--communication-act
(isa requesting--communication-act temporal-object-type)
(isa requesting--communication-act default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls requesting--communication-act communication-act--single)
(comment requesting--communication-act "The collection of communication acts in which one agent requests something of another.  Requests are typically followed by a response.")

;;; requesting-information
(isa requesting-information temporal-object-type)
(isa requesting-information default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls requesting-information requesting--communication-act)
(comment requesting-information "A collection of actions, many of which are speech acts.
In each element of this collection, somebody asks
a question or requests some information. See also the illocutionary-force
associated with this action, query.")
(synonymous-external-concept requesting-information s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ROGATIVE-ACT")
(synonymous-external-concept requesting-information s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "QUESTION")

;;; research
(isa research temporal-stuff-type)
(isa research default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls research human-activity)
(comment research "What some members of ResearchOrganizations do")

;;; research-organization
(isa research-organization existing-object-type)
(genls research-organization organization)
(comment research-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of research-organization is an organization that carries out basic or applied research as its main-function (or one of its main-functions).  It may or may not be a commercial, or a governmental, organization.  For example, united-states-space-program, Thomas J. Watson Research Laboratory at i-b-m-inc, and the Hoover Institute.")

;;; researcher
(isa researcher occupation-type)
(genls researcher professional)
(comment researcher "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of researcher is a person who performs research as his or her main occupation.  This collection includes academicians, clinical investigators, experimental physicists, market researchers, industrial researchers, etc.")

;;; resentment
(isa resentment feeling-attribute-type)
(genls resentment dislike)
(genls resentment contempt)
(genls resentment feeling-attribute)
(comment resentment "Indignation, displeasure, and ill will felt about something regarded as a slight, affront, insult, or indignity.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  More specialized feeling-attribute-types than resentment are jealousy and envy.")

;;; respect
(isa respect feeling-attribute-type)
(genls respect feeling-attribute)
(comment respect "A feeling of just regard, consideration, or appreciation for the worth of someone or something.
Note:   admiration (qv) is different than, or rather a more specialized form of, respect.  To feel respect towards someone is just to feel that s/he should be treated with politeness and consideration, as having dignity; admiration and wonder--admiration implies all of that, but also implies that the target of the respect actually did something special or has some special quality that sets them apart from others (or at least from the respecter).  respect is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than respect are reverence, wonder--admiration, adulation, awe, etc. ")

;;; respiration
(isa respiration temporal-stuff-type)
(isa respiration default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls respiration bodily-function-event--involuntary)
(comment respiration "The subset of physiological-processes in which an organism performs respiration; i.e., it exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen which is used to oxygenate (in vertebrates) hemoglobin, an oxygen carrier in the blood distributed to all of the organism's cells.  respiration concerns the exchange of oxygen and waste gasses with the environment.  Circulation concerns distributing the oxygenated blood to the cells.  The oxygen carrier (hemoglobin) releases the oxygen to the cells, allowing chemical reactions necessary to sustain the cell life, which in turn sustains the life of the breather.")

;;; respiratory-system
(isa respiratory-system unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa respiratory-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls respiratory-system biological-living-object)
(genls respiratory-system animal-body-part)
(comment respiratory-system "The collection of all animals' respiratory systems.  A respiratory-system is composed of body parts (such as the lungs) of the animal, which together function so as to enable it to breathe.
Note: it is generally required that the respiratory-system (of a vertebrate) work together with the circulatory-system (qv), as the air is used to supply needed substances to the blood and to remove waste products from the blood.")

;;; restaurant
(isa restaurant existing-object-type)
(genls restaurant single-site-organization)
(genls restaurant service-establishment)
(genls restaurant food-service-organization)
(genls restaurant business)
(genls restaurant local-customer-contact-point)
(comment restaurant "A collection of organizations; a subset of both food-service-organization and service-establishment.  Every element of restaurant has particular locations (one or more) which serve meals in exchange for money.  Subsets of restaurant include fine-restaurant and fast-food-restaurant, among others.")

;;; resting--relaxing
(isa resting--relaxing temporal-stuff-type)
(isa resting--relaxing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls resting--relaxing bodily-function-event)
(comment resting--relaxing "The collection of events in which an animal abstains from strenuous physical activity.")

;;; restlessness
(isa restlessness feeling-attribute-type)
(genls restlessness feeling-attribute)
(comment restlessness "The feeling of being troubled, restless, concerned about something, or in emotional turmoil.  This is a collection --- for an explanation of that, see happiness.")

;;; retail-organization
(isa retail-organization existing-object-type)
(genls retail-organization selling-organization)
(genls retail-organization commercial-organization)
(comment retail-organization "A collection of organizations.  Each element of retail-organization is an enterprise that engages primarily in selling goods to end-users or consumers, rather than to wholesale customers.  Examples: sears-the-company, walden-books-the-company, studtman-photo.")

;;; retail-store
(isa retail-store existing-object-type)
(genls retail-store single-site-organization)
(genls retail-store retail-organization)
(genls retail-store local-customer-contact-point)
(genls retail-store organization-with-individual-customers)
(comment retail-store "A collection of retail organizations.  Every element of retail-store is a single-site-organization (but not necessarily a stand-alone business) which sells goods directly to consumers at store's physical-quarters.  Note that the Niemann-Marcus store at the Galleria is an instance of retail-store, but the Niemann-Marcus company as a whole is not, because it is a retail-store--parent-company (with multiple outlets); both are retail-organizations.")

;;; right-object
(isa right-object existing-object-type)
(genls right-object partially-tangible)
(comment right-object "The collection of objects that are meant for, or are found on and distinctively structured for, the right side of some larger entity or ensemble of parts.  Examples include right hands, right shoes, right automobile turning signals.")

;;; right-region-fn
(isa right-region-fn reifiable-function)
(isa right-region-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa right-region-fn animal-body-region)
(arg1-isa right-region-fn animal-body-region)
(comment right-region-fn "The function (RightRegionFn REGOROBJ), applied to a region or object REGOROBJ, means the region consisting of the right half or flank or right main portion of REGOROBJ.  It applies only when REGOROBJ itself has an intrinsic left/right orientation, or is part of a larger region or object that has a left/right orientation.")

;;; right-side-up
(isa right-side-up orientation-attribute)
(comment right-side-up "(orientation OBJECT right-side-up) means that OBJECT's intrinsic top (e.g., the lid of a teapot) is above (above--directly) its intrinsic bottom (e.g., bowl of a teapot).")

;;; rigid
(isa rigid physical-structural-attribute)
(comment rigid "A physical attribute.  rigid is the physical-structural-attribute of solids which are stiff--neither flexible nor foldable nor elastic.  Examples of rigid things: bricks, wooden boards, steel.  Non-rigid things: sand, rubber, cloth.  Borderline: lampshades.")

;;; rigidity
(isa rigidity primitive-attribute-type)
(genls rigidity physical-attribute)
(genls rigidity scalar-interval)
(comment rigidity "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of rigidity is a property of rigidity belonging to physical objects.  Rigidities in Cyc are measured using a generic-value-function.  Rigidities of objects are reported using the predicate rigidity-of-object.")

;;; ritual
(isa ritual script-type)
(genls ritual purposeful-action)
(comment ritual "The collection of highly stylized or formalized actions (or series of actions) performed by persons (alone or in groups), usually performed with some solemnity.  
Note: as further explained in the comment for social-ritual, a wedding-ceremony or inauguration is `more than' just a ritual, but following the `script' for such a ceremony, and actually carrying it out, is a ritual.")

;;; river
(isa river existing-object-type)
(genls river stream)
(comment river "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of river is a natural stream of water, normally of a large volume.  Cf. creek.  Examples of river include the colorado-river-of-arizona, the amazon-river, the chang-jiang-river, the thames-river.")

;;; road-vehicle
(isa road-vehicle product-type)
(isa road-vehicle existing-object-type)
(genls road-vehicle transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls road-vehicle land-transportation-device)
(genls road-vehicle container-product)
(comment road-vehicle "A collection of transportation devices.  An instance of road-vehicle is a vehicle which would typically be found travelling on roads and (optionally) carrying passengers: cars, busses, vans, pickup trucks, fire trucks, RVs, motorcycles, etc..  Since road-vehicles are vehicles, i.e. self powered (e.g. see vehicle), land-transportation-devices such as bicycles, or wheelchairs are not in this class.")

;;; road-work-vehicle
(isa road-work-vehicle existing-object-type)
(genls road-work-vehicle land-transportation-device)
(genls road-work-vehicle transportation-device--vehicle)
(comment road-work-vehicle "The class of heavy construction equipment vehicles that are used to make roads and in other situations where one needs to move quantities of earth, rocks, etc. around.  These are powered by internal combustion engines, and often have wheels but just as  often have treads like tanks.")

;;; role
(isa role relation-type)
(genls role intangible-individual)
(comment role "Instances of role express relations between a situation and the things involved in it.  actor-slots (the relationships between events and the something-existings that act in them) are a special type of role.")

;;; roof-of-a-construction
(isa roof-of-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls roof-of-a-construction surface-on-tangible-object)
(genls roof-of-a-construction part-of-building)
(comment roof-of-a-construction "The collection of all roofs of structures which are instances of human-shelter-construction.  Like instances of wall--vertical, instances of roof-of-a-construction may be considered as having one or two sides; the 'inner' side of a roof may or may not qualify as a ceiling-of-a-room.  It is understood that one and only one side of a roof-of-a-construction is 'exposed to the elements.'")

;;; room-in-a-construction
(isa room-in-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls room-in-a-construction space-in-a-h-o-c)
(comment room-in-a-construction "The set of rooms in ConstructionArtifacts")

;;; rotation--non-periodic
(isa rotation--non-periodic temporal-object-type)
(genls rotation--non-periodic movement--non-periodic)
(genls rotation--non-periodic movement--rotation)
(comment rotation--non-periodic "The set of all rotational movements in which rotation occurs in a nonperiodic fashion; e.g., the turning of a knob on a kitchen appliance or a radio dial, or movements of a trackball.  See also rotation--periodic for the context-sensitive nature of this dichotomy.")

;;; rotation--periodic
(isa rotation--periodic temporal-object-type)
(genls rotation--periodic movement--periodic)
(genls rotation--periodic movement--rotation)
(comment rotation--periodic "A collection of rotational movements; a subset of movement--rotation.  In any instance of rotation--periodic, either partial rotation (e.g., rocking) or full rotation (e.g., spinning) occurs periodically.  Examples include the swinging of a clock pendulum and the rotation of the Earth on its axis.  Note that the accuracy and duration of the periodic rotation is context-dependent.  E.g., in a context spanning a long enough period of time, and/or if measured sufficiently accurately, the Earth's rotation does not have a fixed period.  In a context short enough, and `approximate' enough, a spinning Olympic ice skater is performing a rotation--periodic event, even though a few seconds later they slow down and stop rotating.")

;;; rowboat
(isa rowboat product-type)
(isa rowboat existing-object-type)
(genls rowboat boat--water-transportation-device)
(genls rowboat device--user-powered)
(comment rowboat "A subcollection of 
boat--water-transportation-device that contains all boats each 
of which is usually powered by one or more persions' rowing.")

;;; rude-action
(isa rude-action default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls rude-action action)
(genls rude-action social-occurrence)
(comment rude-action "The collection of behaviors that go against the social conventions of politeness.  This will be a different set of behaviors in different circumstances (contexts).  In an office, e.g., it might be rude to make a loud noise, but at a football game it might be rude to not do so.")

;;; rule-macro-predicate
(isa rule-macro-predicate predicate-category)
(genls rule-macro-predicate predicate)
(comment rule-macro-predicate "Instances of rule-macro-predicate are predicates that have, implicit in their definition, the schema for a class of quantified formulas.  A ground assertion (GAF) using one of these predicates is in fact shorthand for a rule fitting this schema.  For example, genls is a rule-macro-predicate and its implicit schema would be (implies (isa ?X ARG1) (isa ?X ARG2)).  Therefore, (genls poodle dog) is shorthand for the rule (implies (isa ?X poodle) (isa ?X dog)).  rule-macro-predicates may be supported by system code, as is genls, or they may be defined with an expansion-axiom.  In general, one should only introduce a new RuleMacroPredicate if 1) there is a plan to eventually provide code support for efficient reasoning with its uses, and/or 2) using it enables useful type-level reasoning.")

;;; s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997
(isa s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 knowledge-base)
(comment s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SENSUS is a knowledge-base, created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC.  An earlier version of it was knownas Pangloss, and it was devloped primarily in order tosupport machine translation.")


;;; s-t-i-b
(isa s-t-i-b individual-denoting-function)
(isa s-t-i-b reifiable-function)
(result-isa s-t-i-b time-interval)
(arg1-isa s-t-i-b temporal-thing)
(comment s-t-i-b "(s-t-i-b ?X) returns the `Short Time Interval Before' ?X.  The function s-t-i-b is used to state axioms which assert propositions about the world just before some temporal-thing.  E.g., just before some event begins, or just before some tangible object comes into being.  Whether the propositions hold beyond the bounds of the short interval specified depends the nature of the proposition.  Consider the axiom `before launching, the Space Shuttle's fuel tanks are full'. The fuel tanks are only known to be full immediately before the launching event, and for some (measurable but potentially short) time interval before that launch, and so we use s-t-i-b to specify the time interval in which the assertion of fullness will hold.  Before or after that time, additional axioms are required to conclude whether the tanks are full or not.  Also see:  s-t-i-f.")

;;; s-t-i-f
(isa s-t-i-f individual-denoting-function)
(isa s-t-i-f reifiable-function)
(result-isa s-t-i-f time-interval)
(arg1-isa s-t-i-f temporal-thing)
(comment s-t-i-f "(s-t-i-f ?X) returns the `Short Time Interval Following' ?X.  The function s-t-i-f is used to state axioms which assert propositions about the world just after some temporal-thing (i.e., after an event ends, after a tangible object ceases to exist, etc.).  Each of those propositions may or may not hold beyond the bounds of that short interval.  Consider the axiom `after swimming, the swimmer is wet'. The swimmer is only known to be wet for a short time interval immediately following the swimming event, and so we use s-t-i-f to specify that short time interval in which the assertion of wetness will hold.  Beyond that time, additional axioms would be required to decide whether the wetness would persist or not.  Also see: s-t-i-b.")

;;; sadness
(isa sadness feeling-attribute-type)
(genls sadness feeling-attribute)
(comment sadness "Emotion felt when one is unhappy or low-spirited. This is a collection; for more details, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types are remorse, gloominess, disappointment, depression--emotion, grief, misery, despair, anguish, etc.")

;;; safeness
(isa safeness script-performance-attribute-type)
(genls safeness script-performance-attribute)
(comment safeness "safeness is the script-performance-attribute-type for describing actions in which the performer acts without endangering itself or others.")

;;; salaried
(isa salaried work-status)
(comment salaried "An attribute; an element of work-status.  The attribute of being a salaried worker in some organization.")

;;; sale-by-check
(isa sale-by-check script-type)
(isa sale-by-check temporal-object-type)
(genls sale-by-check buying)
(comment sale-by-check "Sales in which the payment tendered is a check.")

;;; sale-by-credit-card
(isa sale-by-credit-card script-type)
(isa sale-by-credit-card temporal-object-type)
(genls sale-by-credit-card buying)
(comment sale-by-credit-card "A collection of events; a subset of buying.  An instance of sale-by-credit-card is a purchase in which the buyer makes payment using some element of credit-card (the set of all credit cards).
Note: This is different from instances of credit-sale (q.v.), in which the seller (rather than the credit card company) extends credit to the customer.")

;;; sales-activity
(isa sales-activity temporal-object-type)
(isa sales-activity default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls sales-activity purposeful-action)
(genls sales-activity commercial-activity)
(genls sales-activity business-event)
(comment sales-activity "A collection of events.  Each element of sales-activity is an event which the performing agent does in an effort to achieve a subsequent sale to a second agent.  Types (i.e., subsets) of sales-activity include advertising, telemarketing, showing sample and/or actual products to customers in a show room or a store.  Elements of sales-activity which are successful lead to corresponding elements of buying.  Note: sales-activity does NOT include manufacturing, accounting, and other such ancillary business activities.")

;;; sales-agreement
(isa sales-agreement existing-object-type)
(genls sales-agreement agreement)
(comment sales-agreement "A collection of agreements.  Each element of sales-agreement is an agreement which governs aspects of some buying activity.  This includes bidding activities (in the subset sales-bid-or-contract), as well as the instances of sales-contract.")

;;; sales-person
(isa sales-person occupation-type)
(genls sales-person business-person)
(genls sales-person professional)
(comment sales-person "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of sales-person is someone whose principal job activity is negotiating with potential buyers, finding out what they want, describing what is available, taking orders, etc.  This collection includes door-to-door salespeople, Avon reprentatives, new and used car salespeople, sales representatives for the product lines of large industrial companies, and store clerks working on a sales commission.")

;;; salting-food
(isa salting-food script-type)
(genls salting-food preserving-food)
(comment salting-food "Soaking food in salt to prevent it from rotting.")

;;; sanskrit-language
(isa sanskrit-language dead-language)
(isa sanskrit-language living-language)
(comment sanskrit-language "This language was originally spoken in the Indic area and is now a dead language. Its sacred literature, however, was  transmitted orally and eventually written in the then-current Devanagari script")

;;; satisfaction
(isa satisfaction feeling-attribute-type)
(genls satisfaction feeling-attribute)
(comment satisfaction "Feeling of appeasement, not only of one's desires or longings but also of his needs or requirements.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.   Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than satisfaction are:  approval, pride, triumph--the-feeling, etc. ")

;;; scalar-interval
(isa scalar-interval object-type)
(isa scalar-interval collection)
(genls scalar-interval n-tuple-interval)
(genls scalar-interval attribute-value)
(comment scalar-interval "A collection of mathematical objects; a subset of n-tuple-interval.  For a measurable quantity, the ordered sequence of possible values may be thought of as a line.  Each element of scalar-interval is a line segment (or point) on such a line, representing a range of consecutive values.  The most common case is where the line is just the real number line, and the scalar interval is either a a contiguous set of points there (i.e., a range of numbers) or just a single point there (i.e., a number).  Another common case is where the line has some unit of measure marked off, such as meters.  In relation to the latter kind of interval, see also unit-of-measure.")

;;; scalar-point-value
(isa scalar-point-value object-type)
(isa scalar-point-value collection)
(genls scalar-point-value scalar-interval)
(comment scalar-point-value "The collection of minimal scalar intervals.  That is, each element of scalar-point-value is a scalar interval which has no `width'.  Scalar intervals include both pure numbers, such as 3.14, and linear measurements such as 3.14 meters, which in CycL would be written `(meter 3.14)'.")

;;; school-institution--k-through12
(isa school-institution--k-through12 existing-object-type)
(genls school-institution--k-through12 educational-organization)
(comment school-institution--k-through12 "A collection of school organizations.  An element of school-institution--k-through12 is an educational institution which provides instruction in all or some of the grades from kindergarten (K) through high school (12th-grade) education.  Commonly, individual schools teach some subset of those grades; see also the specializations elementary-school-institution, middle-school-institution, and high-school-institution.")

;;; scientific-field-of-study
(isa scientific-field-of-study object-type)
(genls scientific-field-of-study field-of-study)
(comment scientific-field-of-study "A collection of fields of study.  Each element of scientific-field-of-study is a specialized body of knowledge, theory, hypothesis, observations, and problems, which are the propositional contents of the systematic endeavor to explain the natural world by rational (and frequently, quantifiable) methods, including induction, falsifiable hypotheses tested by repeatable physical experiments, and deductive proof.  scientific-field-of-study includes the traditional hard sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry), the life sciences (e.g., biology, genetics, toxicology), and mathematics.")

;;; scientist
(isa scientist occupation-type)
(genls scientist professional)
(comment scientist "A set of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of scientist is a person who is educated and employed in one (or more) of the natural or abstract sciences.  Elements of scientist include members of its subsets astronomer, chemist, linguist, mathematician, geneticist, cultural-anthropologist, etc.  Examples of scientist: charles-darwin, richard-feynman, Noam chomsky.")

;;; script-performance-attribute
(isa script-performance-attribute attribute-type)
(genls script-performance-attribute attribute-value)
(comment script-performance-attribute "The most general type of attribute describing the manner in which an actor performs an action; specializations of this include correctness-of-posture, competence, precision, dexterity, gracefulness, creativity, etc.  The elements of precision, e.g., represent the various qualitative levels such as high precision, low precision, etc.")

;;; script-performance-attribute-type
(isa script-performance-attribute-type collection)
(genls script-performance-attribute-type primitive-attribute-type)
(comment script-performance-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each script-performance-attribute-type is a type of attribute that can be used to describe the manner in which actions are performed.  Examples include: competence, precision, dexterity, gracefulness, creativity, etc.  So, e.g., one may run a race with some measure of gracefulness, some measure of competence, etc.")

;;; script-type
(isa script-type collection)
(genls script-type situation-type)
(genls script-type collection)
(comment script-type "script-type is the collection of subsets of event.  Classifying events and (especially) actions by type allows Cyc to reason about the general characteristics of different kinds of occurrences.")

;;; sculpture
(isa sculpture existing-object-type)
(genls sculpture artifact)
(genls sculpture art-object)
(genls sculpture visual-information-source)
(comment sculpture "A collection of art objects.  Each element of sculpture is a tangible three-dimensional work of art; buildings are NOT included, even though sculptural features of buildings (such as friezes) are.  Types of sculpture include stone statues, friezes, wood carvings, pipes welded into abstract art sculptures, etc.  Examples: the statue-of-liberty, the mount-rushmore-monument, Michelangelo's David, the friezes on the Parthenon, the Buddhas at Longan.")

;;; sea
(isa sea existing-object-type)
(genls sea sea-water)
(genls sea water--saline)
(genls sea body-of-water)
(comment sea "A collection of topographical features.  Each element of sea is a body of salt water as large or larger than a lake.  ocean is a subset of this collection.  Examples of sea: pacific-ocean, ionian-sea, gulf-of-corinth, east-china-sea, black-sea.")

;;; sea-water
(isa sea-water tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls sea-water 
  (liquid-fn water--saline))
(comment sea-water "A collection of tangible things; a subset of both liquid-tangible-thing and water--saline.  Each element of sea-water is a portion of salt water with the kind of mineral concentrations found in oceans--including the oceans themselves.")

;;; season-of-year
(isa season-of-year temporal-object-type)
(genls season-of-year weather-event)
(comment season-of-year "A collection of events -- specifically, the seasons that occur as sub-events of an annual-climate-cycle.  For example, the elements of winter-season are all instances of season-of-year.")

;;; seating-device
(isa seating-device product-type)
(isa seating-device existing-object-type)
(genls seating-device physical-device)
(comment seating-device "A set of physical objects.  An instance of seating-device is a device whose primary-function is to serve as a sitting place for people.  Types of seating devices include sofas, chairs, benches, camp and stadium stools, theatre seats, swings, bicycle seats, saddles, and more.")

;;; second--unit-of-angular-measure
(isa second--unit-of-angular-measure unit-of-angular-distance)
(isa second--unit-of-angular-measure unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa second--unit-of-angular-measure physical-attribute)
(result-isa second--unit-of-angular-measure scalar-interval)
(args-isa second--unit-of-angular-measure cyc-system-real-number)
(comment second--unit-of-angular-measure "A unit to measure the size of angles, in the Imperial system of measurement.  60 seconds = 1 minute (minute--unit-of-angular-measure)")

;;; second-fn
(isa second-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa second-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa second-fn calendar-second)
(arg1-isa second-fn non-negative-integer)
(arg2-isa second-fn calendar-minute)
(comment second-fn "(second-fn S MINUTE) denotes second number S of minute MINUTE.  For example, (second-fn 59 (minute-fn 12 (hour-fn 18 (day-fn 14 (month-fn february (year-fn 1966)))))) denotes 6:12:59pm Feb. 14th, 1966")

;;; seconds-duration
(isa seconds-duration unit-of-measure)
(isa seconds-duration standard-unit-of-measure)
(isa seconds-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa seconds-duration c-g-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa seconds-duration unit-of-time)
(result-isa seconds-duration time--quantity)
(result-isa seconds-duration scalar-interval)
(args-isa seconds-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment seconds-duration "Seconds are the standard unit of time in Cyc.  Think of seconds-duration as a function; it takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.   An expression of the form (seconds-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num seconds long.  An expression of the form (seconds-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min seconds at most ?max seconds long.
Note:  Cyc's ontology contains ways to specify nonuniform distributions (e.g., a normal distribution with a mean and standard deviation), but for most purposes this simple uniform specification of `a piece of time' has proven itself to be the most useful building block.")

;;; secretion--bodily
(isa secretion--bodily tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls secretion--bodily natural-tangible-stuff)
(comment secretion--bodily "The collection of all natural-tangible-stuff secreted by an organism's body.  There are a wide variety of bodily secretions, including hormones, mucus, insulin-the-secretion, and semen.  Secretions may be deposited either within the body (e.g., bile-the-secretion) or outside of it (e.g., sweat). 
Note: Secretions are different from excretion-substance in that secretions are not necessarily waste products.  E.g., they may be a release of pheromones to attract a mate, a layer of sweat to cool off the organism, a layer of nectar to attract bees, etc.  Some subsets of secretion--bodily, such as sweat, are also subsets of excretion-substance (i.e., wastes).")

;;; secretion-event
(isa secretion-event temporal-stuff-type)
(isa secretion-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls secretion-event biological-production-event)
(genls secretion-event emitting-an-object)
(comment secretion-event "A collection of events; a subset of biological-production-event.  Each element of secretion-event is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes a substance.")

;;; seed
(isa seed existing-object-type)
(genls seed biological-stage-of-development)
(genls seed plant-b-l-o)
(comment seed "The collection of all plant seeds: small nodules or granules consisting of young angiosperms and their protective containers during early (zygotic and embryonic stages) of development.  Seeds, if planted, may grow into adult plants.")

;;; self-confidence
(isa self-confidence feeling-attribute-type)
(genls self-confidence confidence)
(comment self-confidence "Faith in oneself and one's powers without any suggestion of conceit or arrogance.   If one has a large portion of self-confidence, their state of mind is often marked by ease and freedom from uncertainty, diffidence, or embarrassment.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  A typical more specialized feeling-attribute-type than self-confidence is vanity.")

;;; self-employed-worker
(isa self-employed-worker occupation-type)
(genls self-employed-worker professional)
(comment self-employed-worker "A collection of persons; a subset of professional.  Each element of self-employed-worker is a worker who earns a living from funds paid directly to him/her by customers, or who is paid by a company s/he owns.  An instance of self-employed-worker has no boss but him/herself.")

;;; self-powered-device
(isa self-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls self-powered-device mechanical-device)
(genls self-powered-device powered-device)
(comment self-powered-device "A collection of mechanical-devices, classified by the main way of supplying the force needed to operate them.  self-powered-device is a subset of powered-device.  An instance of self-powered-device has an `on-board' part which converts some kind of potential energy into force.  That may be a battery and motor to convert electricity stored in the battery into kinetic energy (as in a cordless electric drill); other examples are the elements of automobile, which (typically) convert gasoline and battery power to get the energy to move the vehicle.  Some muscle power is involved in operating both a cordless drill and an automobile, but not the main part of the power, in either case.  Negative exemplars of a self-powered-device include a bicycle (powered by the person that rides it) a Cable Car (pulled along by cabled embedded in the street) and subway train (often powered by an electrified `third rail').")

;;; selling-organization
(isa selling-organization existing-object-type)
(genls selling-organization commercial-service-organization)
(comment selling-organization "A collection of organizations.  Each element of selling-organization is an organization whose main function is to sell things by conducting sales activities.  Examples: sales departments (e.g., the sales department of toyota-the-company); advertising agencies; and retailers (e.g., walden-books-the-company, k-mart-company).")

;;; semi-solid-state-of-matter
(isa semi-solid-state-of-matter state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous)
(comment semi-solid-state-of-matter "One of the basic physical states of matter.  Semi-solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by (a) their ability to flow under the application of pressure, combined with (b) their high viscosity.  Examples of things that are typically in this state-of-matter: a squirt of toothpaste on your brush, or a lump of bread dough, at normal room temperatures.  At higher temperatures:  a lava flow, a lump of molten glass about to be blown into a vase, etc.")

;;; semi-solid-tangible-thing
(isa semi-solid-tangible-thing tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls semi-solid-tangible-thing tangible-thing)
(comment semi-solid-tangible-thing "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of semi-solid-tangible-thing is a tangible thing that is intrinsically in a semisolid state.  Some semisolids are pourable (e.g., sand) and some are not (e.g., jello).  When a force is first applied to a semisolid, the object moves or deforms substantially and does not break or crack.  Semisolids are stirrable (thus, rubber is probably not a semisolid).  A semisolid can be deformed into any shape that does not require some dimension of the object to be smaller than all dimensions of the granule size of that stuff; e.g., a mob of hailstones cannot form a paper-thin sheet.  The granules of a pourable semisolid, such as sand, may themselves belong to solid-tangible-thing.")

;;; semiconductor-resistance
(isa semiconductor-resistance electrical-resistance)
(comment semiconductor-resistance "A measurable physical attribute.  semiconductor-resistance is the element of electrical-resistance that represents the level of resistance found in instances of semiconductor-stuff.  See also resistance-of-object.")

;;; semiconductor-stuff
(isa semiconductor-stuff existing-stuff-type)
(genls semiconductor-stuff tangible-thing)
(comment semiconductor-stuff "The collection of those elements of tangible-thing that can, under varying electrical fields, behave as an electrical insulator at times and an electrical conductor at other times.")

;;; sending-something
(isa sending-something temporal-object-type)
(isa sending-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls sending-something directed-translation)
(genls sending-something losing-user-rights)
(genls sending-something causing-another-objects-translational-motion)
(genls sending-something human-activity)
(comment sending-something "The collection of events in which an agent intends to have an object (other than itself) delivered to some other agent. This involves at least a temporary loss of some user rights to the object by the sender.  If successful, an instance of sending-something is also an instance of transferring-possession.")

;;; sensor
(isa sensor existing-object-type)
(genls sensor tangible-thing)
(comment sensor "The collection of devices, biological or artificial, that gather information.  
Note:  If a well-known named part of such an entity does the data-gathering, then generally only those parts are considered sensors, not the whole entity.  E.g., even though a person gathers information, we generally do not consider them to be a sensor, but rather the sensors are their eyes, ears, skin, etc.  In a context such as an ophthalmology convention, `well-known part' has a different binding, and they would consider just certain parts of the eye to be sensors.")

;;; sensory-attribute
(isa sensory-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls sensory-attribute 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SENSE-AND-MEASURE-QUALITY"))
(genls sensory-attribute attribute-value)
(comment sensory-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of sensory-attribute is a sensory datum detectable by sentient beings.  sensory-attribute includes colors, odors, tastes, sounds, and feels, as well as the various feelings represented by its subset internal-sensory-attribute.  Examples of sensory-attribute: rough, smooth, slimy, golden-color, very-bright-light-intensity, (high-amount-fn noise-level-attribute).")

;;; sensory-information
(isa sensory-information stuff-type)
(genls sensory-information mental-information)
(comment sensory-information "A collection of mental information.  Each element of sensory-information is the propositional content of a mental state in which the nervous system of an animal or other sentient perceives something.  For example, if I perceive that my office is hot, the information is that my [the perceiver's] office is hot; if you perceive that my eyes are brown, the information is that Deborah's eyes are brown.")

;;; sensory-reaction-type
(isa sensory-reaction-type collection)
(genls sensory-reaction-type primitive-attribute-type)
(genls sensory-reaction-type attribute-type)
(comment sensory-reaction-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of sensory-reaction-type is an attribute-type, describing one natural kind of sensation (e.g., pain, pressure, pleasure, warmth, etc.) that may be felt by perceptual-agents.  Some examples of sensory-reaction-type are level-of-dizziness, level-of-soreness, level-of-cold-sensation, etc.")

;;; separating-a-mixture
(isa separating-a-mixture temporal-stuff-type)
(isa separating-a-mixture default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls separating-a-mixture separation--complete)
(genls separating-a-mixture destruction-event)
(comment separating-a-mixture "A collection of events.  In each instance of this collection, a mixture is separated into two or more constituents.")

;;; separation--complete
(isa separation--complete temporal-object-type)
(isa separation--complete default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls separation--complete separation-event)
(genls separation--complete physical-event)
(comment separation--complete "A collection of physical separation events.  In each separation--complete, one object is separated into two or more distinct pieces.")

;;; separation-event
(isa separation-event temporal-object-type)
(isa separation-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls separation-event physical-event)
(comment separation-event "A collection of events.  In each separation-event, an object is cut, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so that part of the object is no longer attached where it once was.  That part has not necessarily completely separated; it may still be attached in places.  See separation--complete for the complete case.")

;;; september
(isa september month-of-year-type)
(genls september calendar-month)

;;; series
(isa series collection)
(genls series situation)
(comment series "The collection of situations in which 2 or more ''parts'' or ''members'' are ordered in some linear fashion.  For example, the line of people at a ticket booth, an alphabetized set of words, or the series of pitches in a baseball game.")

;;; service-establishment
(isa service-establishment existing-object-type)
(genls service-establishment local-customer-contact-point)
(genls service-establishment commercial-service-organization)
(genls service-establishment business)
(comment service-establishment "A collection of organizations.  Each element of service-establishment is a local service organization at a single physical location.  What an individual retail store or outlet is for tangible products, a service establishment is for services.  Examples: threadgills restaurant; daytona-speedway; Brake Check store at 35th and Lamar Blvd., Capital Medical Clinic in Medical Park Towers, and the U.S. Post Office on West 6th Street in Austin, TX.")

;;; service-event
(isa service-event temporal-object-type)
(isa service-event script-type)
(genls service-event composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(genls service-event purposeful-action)
(comment service-event "A collection of events.  Each element of service-event is an event in which one agent (or set of agents) does something for another agent (or set of agents).  The former is the provider-of-service; the latter is the recipient-of-service.  A service event may involve maintenance, repair, or refurbishing of some object belonging to the recipient-of-service (including care of his/her person); a service event may involve gathering or transmitting information, providing advice, entertainment, transportation, etc.  Service events may or may not be done for payment.")

;;; service-organization
(isa service-organization existing-object-type)
(genls service-organization organization)
(comment service-organization "A collection of organizations.  Each element of service-organization is an organization whose main function is to provide some set of services, i.e., to perform certain service events.  A service organization may be a subsidiary, a department, or an independent organization.  A service organization may or may not be a for-profit organization; see the subset commercial-service-organization.  Examples: federal-express; the mail department at MCC; new-york-hospital; the u-s-medicare-administration; the Jiffy Lube at Guadalupe and 38th St; threadgills restaurant; KEYE-TV in Austin, TX.")

;;; serving-food-or-drink
(isa serving-food-or-drink default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa serving-food-or-drink temporal-object-type)
(genls serving-food-or-drink service-event)
(genls serving-food-or-drink human-activity)
(genls serving-food-or-drink handling-an-object)
(genls serving-food-or-drink transportation-event)
(genls serving-food-or-drink directed-translation)
(comment serving-food-or-drink "A collection of events.  Each element of serving-food-or-drink is an event in which an item of food or drink is served.  It starts when the server picks up the food or drink from a preparation or pickup area and ends when it is deposited at the location where the people being served may eat or drink it.  Such events are typically part of the job of any restaurant server who waits on tables, and they may be performed also by a host or servant at a dinner party or banquet, or by a family member at a home meal.  Note: this collection does not include placing a `serving' of food from a common dish onto a diner's plate.")

;;; set--mathematical
(isa set--mathematical collection)
(genls set--mathematical set-or-collection)
(comment set--mathematical "The collection of mathematical sets.  An element of set--mathematical can be any arbitrary set, including sets whose members have nothing in common.  In contrast, the members of an instance of set--mathematical's sibling collection (q.v.) all have some important, natural properties in common.  Sets and collections also differ in that there cannot exist two distinct sets that have exactly the same elements.  A third point of contrast between sets and collections is that rarely will it be desirable to create a new constant to refer to a set.  Instead, a set will either be intensionally specified by a defining property, using the-set-of, as in (the-set-of ?X (likes-as-friend Lenat ?X)), or extensionally specified by listing its elements, using the-set, as in (the-set 3 4 5).  (In certain cases, a set will be extensionally specified by means of one of the more specialized functions the-partition or the-covering.  See partitioned-into and covering.)")

;;; set-or-collection
(isa set-or-collection collection)
(genls set-or-collection mathematical-or-computational-thing)
(comment set-or-collection "The collection of all mathematical sets and all collections.  Instances of set--mathematical and instances of collection share some basic common features.  They are both abstract entities, lacking spatial and temporal properties.  More specifically, they (can) have elements, and hence may stand to one another in set-theoretic relations such as subset-of and disjoint-with.  Nevertheless, sets and collections differ in two important respects.  Every collection is associated with an intensional criterion for membership -- a more or less natural property or group of properties possessed by its members.  (The criterion for membership need not, and often will not, be precisely definable in any language.)  Collections are thus akin to kinds.  In contrast, the elements of a set are not required to be homogeneous in any respect; any things whatsoever may together comprise the members of a set.  The second major difference between sets and collections is that no two distinct sets can be co-extensional (be such that every element of one is an element of the other and conversely).  Sets are, so to speak, identified on the basis of their extensions.  Collections, on the other hand, are identified by their intensional criteria for membership.  So collections which have exactly the same elements may be distinct, differing in their respective membership criteria.")
(synonymous-external-concept set-or-collection s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COLLECTION")

;;; set-the-format
(isa set-the-format format)
(comment set-the-format "Any argument place of a Cyc predicate may have a specified format that constrains its possible value(s).  If an argument position has set-the-format as its entry format, then --- given some fixed set of values for the other arguments to that predicate --- any number of assertions can still be true in the KB with different terms in that argument position.  E.g., the arg1-format for mother is set-the-format, since a woman can have any number of children.  See also format, and contrast with single-entry.")

;;; set-with-structure
(isa set-with-structure object-type)
(genls set-with-structure situation)
(genls set-with-structure mathematical-object)
(comment set-with-structure "The collection of all mathematical structures each consisting of a set with structuring relations (e.g., a binary-predicate-on-sets) on that set (and, optionally, one or more functions and/or selected other sets, individuals or subsets for that set).  Examples include partially-ordered-sets, multi-graphs, etc.  Sometimes mathematicians specify these using a tuple of sets, relations, functions, and/or individuals, as specifications.")

;;; shaft
(isa shaft existing-object-type)
(genls shaft solid-tangible-thing)
(genls shaft artifact)
(comment shaft "A collection of artifacts.  An instance of shaft is an object which is long, straight, and cylindrical.  A shaft may be made of wood, metal, etc.")

;;; shame
(isa shame feeling-attribute-type)
(genls shame embarrassment)
(comment shame "Painful self-conscious feeling of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety.  shame often accompanies social disgrace or disrepute.  It often leads to remorse.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.")

;;; shape-describing-predicate
(isa shape-describing-predicate predicate-category)
(genls shape-describing-predicate extensional-representation-predicate)
(genls shape-describing-predicate physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(comment shape-describing-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of shape-describing-predicate is a predicate used in assertions about abstract shapes and shape-like configurations, such as posture.  Examples: shape, xy-cross-section-shape, yz-cross-section-shape-type, continuously-connected-to, posture-of-animal.")

;;; shape-function
(isa shape-function relation-type)
(genls shape-function non-predicate-function)
(comment shape-function "A collection of Cyc functions.  Each element of shape-function is a function which returns an element of abstract-shape, an abstract physical region with a specific shape and dimensions.  Elements of shape-function include rectangle-fn, ellipse-fn, circle-fn, rectangular-solid-fn, cylinder-fn, etc.  Each shape function takes as argument(s) the dimension(s) of distance needed to determine a geometric shape of that kind, then returns a shape which has those dimensions.  For example, (cylinder-fn L D) denotes an abstract cylinder of length L and diameter D.")

;;; shape-type
(isa shape-type collection)
;;; KDF: This seems to be causing bugs in GeoRep domain theories
;;;(genls shape-type attribute-type)
(genls shape-type situation-type)
(comment shape-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of shape-type is a collection of abstract physical shapes.  These are shapes which, for example, a physical object can have when considered `in outline', as occupying a region of space which has certain dimensions and geometrical characteristics.  Elements of shape-type include three-dimensional-shape, two-dimensional-shape, polygon, square, circle, sphere-shape, cylinder-shape, pyramid-shape, etc.")

;;; shaping-something
(isa shaping-something temporal-stuff-type)
(isa shaping-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls shaping-something handling-an-object)
(genls shaping-something intrinsic-state-change-event)
(comment shaping-something "A collection of events.  In each shaping-something, something (usually a more or less `plastic' object) is given a definite shape.  In many, but not all, cases (e.g., making-pottery), an instance of shaping-something is also a creation-event,   Normally, elements of shaping-something are concerned with the basic, overall shape of an object.  Thus, a polishing-something event, which doesn't affect the basic shape of the object-of-state-change, is not a shaping-something.")

;;; shared-note
(isa shared-note object-type)
(isa shared-note collection)
(genls shared-note text-group)
(genls shared-note individual)
(comment shared-note "shared-note is an element of the Cyc collection documentation-constant.  Each instance of shared-note is a constant which contain only documentation (usually a comment) about two or more constants (not including that documentation constant).  See shared-notes for more information.")

;;; sharing
(isa sharing temporal-object-type)
(isa sharing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls sharing making-something-available)
(genls sharing gaining-user-rights)
(genls sharing temporary-change-of-user-rights)
(comment sharing "A collection of events; a subset of making-something-available (among other supersets).  In an instance of sharing, one agent receives primary-role-use-rights over an object for a limited time from another agent, who doesn't give up his or her own right to use it, too (but does give up exclusive right to it).  Cf. borrowing-something.")

;;; sharp-edged
(isa sharp-edged physical-structural-attribute)
(comment sharp-edged "Includes anything which has a sharp edge.  Includes knives, scissors, and broken glass.  Does not include the right angle at the edge of a desk--that's not sharp enough.  Does not include the edge of a cotton sheet--that's not hard enough to be sharp.  Does not include a needle--it may be sharp, but it's not an edge.  For needles, nails, etc., see pointy-ended.")

;;; shattering-event
(isa shattering-event script-type)
(genls shattering-event separation--complete)
(genls shattering-event separation-event)
(genls shattering-event destruction-event)
(comment shattering-event "A collection of events.  In each shattering-event, something is destroyed by being broken into a mob of pieces. [A `mob' means `a large but indeterminate number']   Since the salient parts of the inputs-destroyed must be brittle in order for this to happen, fluids (such as liquid water) and elastic stuff (such as rubber at room temperature) will generally not undergo any shattering-events.  Items which can be an object-acted-on in shattering events are typically made of glass, pottery, bone, plaster, etc.  Many substances, particularly solid metals and alloys, are extremely difficult to shatter.")

;;; shaving-something
(isa shaving-something temporal-stuff-type)
(isa shaving-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls shaving-something movement-event)
(genls shaving-something intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls shaving-something separation--complete)
(genls shaving-something handling-a-device)
(comment shaving-something "A collection of events.  In each shaving-something event, thin pieces of material on an object's surface are removed.  An example would be someone whittling a wooden spoon, someone using a lathe to make a table leg, someone scraping the top layer of mold and cheese off a brick of cheese that was left in the refrigerator just a little too long, etc.  
WARNING: an event in which someone ``shaves'' their body hair (a shaving-body event) from one's face, legs, etc. with a shaver or razor is NOT a  shaving-something event; rather, it is an element of the collection cutting-something.  If one uses a depilatory such as Nair, then one could actually ``shave'' (genuinely a shaving-something event) the resultant coating of depilatory and separated hair ends away. ")

;;; shear-strength
(isa shear-strength primitive-attribute-type)
(genls shear-strength physical-attribute)
(genls shear-strength scalar-interval)
(comment shear-strength "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of shear-strength represents a specific capacity of some physical object to resist the slipping of one segment in relation to another.  Shear strengths are designated using a generic-value-function; higher value means more resistance to slippage.  Shear strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate shear-strength-of-object.")

;;; sheet-of-some-stuff
(isa sheet-of-some-stuff existing-object-type)
(genls sheet-of-some-stuff partially-tangible)
(comment sheet-of-some-stuff "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of sheet-of-some-stuff is a substance which (in its `intrinsic' shape) is continuous and, when flattened, uncrumpled, unfurled, etc, has one dimension which is significantly smaller than the other two dimensions.  The requirement of being a continuous sheet does not preclude some type of penetrability, as in instances of screen, netting, or lace-cloth.  Belonging to this collection implies nothing about the current configuration of the object; in particular, elements of sheet-of-some-stuff need not be lying flat.  Aluminum foil on a roll or a bedspread crumpled up on a bed are instances of sheet-of-some-stuff. Cf. sheet-shaped, two-dimensional-shape.")

;;; sheet-shaped
(isa sheet-shaped physical-structural-attribute)
(comment sheet-shaped "A physical attribute.  sheet-shaped is the element of physical-structural-attribute that describes a tangible object that is flat and spread out, planar, and neither fully crumpled nor compactly folded.  In one of the dimensions it is much smaller than in the other two.  Bedspreads, ice over ponds, and sheets of paint on a house are all possible examples of objects having this attribute.  For describing a sheet of something (e.g., waxed paper, aluminum foil, cloth) regardless of its configuration, use sheet-of-some-stuff.")

;;; shell--animal-body-part
(isa shell--animal-body-part unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa shell--animal-body-part animal-body-part-type)
(genls shell--animal-body-part biological-living-object)
(genls shell--animal-body-part skeletal-system)
(comment shell--animal-body-part "The collection of all animal shells.  An animal's shell is one of its animal-body-parts, and functions as a hard protective outer covering for the animal.")

;;; shelter-construction
(isa shelter-construction existing-object-type)
(genls shelter-construction artifact)
(comment shelter-construction "A collection of artificial tangible objects.  Each element of shelter-construction is an artifact built by some entity or creature, including but not limited to humans, and intended for use as a shelter.  Elements of shelter-construction include bird nests, termite mounds, beaver dams, the sydney-opera-house, the palace-of-fine-arts--san-francisco, and the new-york-hilton-at-broadway.")

;;; ship
(isa ship existing-object-type)
(genls ship boat--water-transportation-device)
(comment ship "A subcollection of boat--water-transportation-device, whose instances are large, typically ocean-going vessels.")

;;; shipping
(isa shipping temporal-object-type)
(isa shipping default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls shipping 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls shipping transporting-goods)
(genls shipping service-event)
(genls shipping sending-something)
(comment shipping "Shipping of objects from one physical location to another. Shipping from the perspective of being done as a dedicated service, such as what UPS, the US Postal Service, or Dominoes Pizza Delivery might do.")

;;; shipping-location
(isa shipping-location conventional-classification-type)
(isa shipping-location contact-location-type)
(genls shipping-location mailing-location)
(genls shipping-location humanly-occupied-spatial-object)
(comment shipping-location "A collection of places; a subset of contact-location.  Each element of shipping-location is a location to which merchandise is physically delivered, e.g., a house, an office, a corporate mailroom, a post office box.")

;;; shirt
(isa shirt product-type)
(isa shirt existing-object-type)
(genls shirt clothing-item)
(comment shirt "A collection of objects.  Every element of shirt is a clothing item that is worn to cover the upper part of the human torso, with openings for the neck and lower body, and either openings for, or sleeves encircling, the arms.  Subsets include long-sleeve-shirt, blouse, and tank-top.")

;;; shoe
(isa shoe product-type)
(isa shoe existing-object-type)
(genls shoe clothing-item)
(comment shoe "A collection of objects.  Every element of shoe is a shoe or shoelike thing worn on the feet.  Important subsets include boot--footwear, sandal, slipper, and casual-shoe.  Elements of the collection shoe are single shoes.  Pairs of shoes are elements of the collection denoted by (pair-fn shoe).")

;;; short-pants
(isa short-pants product-type)
(isa short-pants existing-object-type)
(genls short-pants pants)
(comment short-pants "A collection of objects; a subset of pants.  Every element of short-pants has pantlegs that cover only the upper part of the wearer's legs, being typically knee-length or shorter.")

;;; shredding-event
(isa shredding-event script-type)
(genls shredding-event separation-event)
(genls shredding-event destruction-event)
(comment shredding-event "A collection of events.  In each shredding-event, the inputs-destroyed are destroyed by a large number of ripping sub-events.")

;;; sibling-disjoint-attribute-type
(isa sibling-disjoint-attribute-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls sibling-disjoint-attribute-type attribute-type)
(genls sibling-disjoint-attribute-type collection)
(comment sibling-disjoint-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of sibling-disjoint-attribute-type is a collection of attributes.  If COL is such a collection, then nothing can have two instances of COL as attributes unless those two instances are related in a genl-attributes relationship to each other.  For example, marital-status-of-people is an element of sibling-disjoint-attribute-type; no person can have (at the same time) the marital-status married and the marital-status single.  However, a person could have both the status single and the status divorced, if single is a genl-attributes of divorced.  See also sibling-disjoint-collection.")

;;; sibling-disjoint-collection
(isa sibling-disjoint-collection collection)
(genls sibling-disjoint-collection collection)
(comment sibling-disjoint-collection "sibling-disjoint-collection captures a very important concept, but one that is rarely given a name.  There are many sets of sets for which any two member sets either will be disjoint (i.e., have no intersection) or else one will be a subset of the other.  For instance, consider the various types (i.e., sets) of animals in the usual Linnaean taxonomy:  Vertebrate, Bird, Dog, Mammal, Invertebrate, Person, etc.; Vertebrates and Invertebrates are mutually disjoint, while Bird, Mammal, Dog, and Person are all subsets of Vertebrate.  Dog and Person are disjoint with each other, but each of them is a subset of Vertebrate.  All of the Linnaean sets, or collections, of animals can be grouped together into one set, or collection, of sets, which in turn is an instance of sibling-disjoint-collection.   
It turns out that the real situation --- and the real definition of sibling-disjoint-collection --- is slightly more complicated than that.  Consider types of appliances: toasters, cars, shavers, clocks, etc.  Is the set of such appliance-types a sibling-disjoint-collection, the way we defined it above, for types of animals?  Almost, but not quite.  One could have an appliance-type `ClockRadio', which would be the set of all clock radios, and clearly each clock radio is both a clock and a radio, yet neither clock nor radio-receiver is a subset of the other.  So if we have some item that purports to be both a clock and radio, that is okay if one of the following three conditions is met:
(1) the collection clock is known to be a subset of radio-receiver;
(2) the collection radio-receiver is known to be a subset of clock;
(3) there is already defined a collection X which is a subset of both clock and radio-receiver.
More formally, the axiom that defines sibling-disjoint-collection is as follows: SIB is an element of sibling-disjoint-collection if and only if:
(implies
   (and 
       (isa C1 SIB) 
       (isa C2 SIB) (isa C1-EL C1)
       (different C1 C2))
   (or 
       (not (isa C1-EL C2)) 
       (there-exists C3 (and (genls C3 C2) (genls C3 C1) (isa C1-EL C3)))))
That axiom, together with the minimization of genls, gives us the following characterization of our concept:  If we have a collection SIB that is an element of sibling-disjoint-collection, and if we take two elements C1 and C2 of that collection SIB, then each element of C1 which is not an element of a common specialization (C3) of C1 and C2, MUST NOT BE an element of C2.
In cases where there are a few exceptions --- that is, a couple of elements of SIB might have some overlap --- but it is undesirable to explicitly create a new reified constant (like `ClockRadio', above) for that intersection, Cyc allows you to use an explicit mechanism to override the sibling-disjoint-collection constraints for a particular C1 and C2; namely, you would assert to Cyc (sibling-disjoint-exceptions C1 C2).  See also sibling-disjoint-exceptions.")

;;; side
(isa side region-type)
(genls side surface--physical)
(comment side "Elements are portions of some surface--physical which constitute a boundary between the inside and outside of a tangible object.")

;;; sign-the-display
(isa sign-the-display existing-object-type)
(genls sign-the-display visual-information-source)
(genls sign-the-display hardcopy-information-bearing-object)
(comment sign-the-display "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of visual-information-source.  Each element of sign-the-display is a tangible object typically posted where people can see it so that they can obtain information from it.  Uses of signs include identification of objects (e.g., street signs, name tags, species labels at zoos); advertising (e.g., billboards, neon signs, posters for garage sales); warnings (e.g., signs for road hazards or road construction, `No Trespassing' postings, printed tape marking off a police line).")

;;; simple-contact-acquaintance
(isa simple-contact-acquaintance acquaintance-attribute)
(comment simple-contact-acquaintance "The attribute which specifies that persons X and Y have met each other at least once, and probably would be able to recall this, and even recognize each other, if they meet again.  I.e., (acquaintances X Y simple-contact-acquaintance) implies (acquaintances Y X simple-contact-acquaintance); that is, if X has met Y, then Y has met X.  This assumes that there was a meeting event in which (earlier subabstractions of) X and Y interacted, that both were minimally conscious, etc.")

;;; simple-graph--graph-theoretic
(isa simple-graph--graph-theoretic collection)
(genls simple-graph--graph-theoretic multi-graph)
(genls simple-graph--graph-theoretic simple-path-system)
(comment simple-graph--graph-theoretic "The collection of all path-systems that are instances of both simple-path-system and multi-graph.  Each instance of simple-graph--graph-theoretic is a 'graph', as studied in graph theory, in which there are neither loops nor multiple links between the same pair of nodes.")

;;; simple-noun
(isa simple-noun linguistic-object-type)
(genls simple-noun speech-part)
(comment simple-noun "The collection of all simple nouns, also called common nouns. Simple nouns can typically be preceded by a determiner, and in English they inflect for number. Example: 'dog'.")

;;; simple-path-system
(isa simple-path-system collection)
(genls simple-path-system thing)
(comment simple-path-system "An instance of path-system-type and the collection of path-systems without loops or parallel links.  This collection includes simple-graph--graph-theoretic when there are no non-node points along links.")

;;; simple-repairing
(isa simple-repairing script-type)
(isa simple-repairing temporal-object-type)
(genls simple-repairing intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls simple-repairing human-activity)
(genls simple-repairing action-on-object)
(genls simple-repairing purposeful-action)
(comment simple-repairing "The collection of events in which something gets fixed.")

;;; simple-segment-of-path
(isa simple-segment-of-path object-type)
(genls simple-segment-of-path path--generic)
(comment simple-segment-of-path "The collection of all segments of path--generics each of which has no path junctions between its ends.  The two ends of such a segment may or may not coincide at the same location (i.e. a simple-segment-of-path may form a loop.  See also simple-unlooped-segment-of-path).  The only access to something located along a simple-segment-of-path is via the ends-of-path-segment locations for that SimpleSegmentOfPath.  When the segment is part of a specified path-system (as opposed to a mere customary-system-of-links), the predicate link-in-system (or else loop-in-system) applies to it and the system.")

;;; simple-whole-body-movement
(isa simple-whole-body-movement script-type)
(isa simple-whole-body-movement temporal-stuff-type)
(genls simple-whole-body-movement body-movement-event)
(comment simple-whole-body-movement "A collection of common bodily movements (e.g., walking, jumping) in which the whole body is involved in the movement.")

;;; single-cell-organism
(isa single-cell-organism existing-object-type)
(genls single-cell-organism organism--whole)
(genls single-cell-organism cell)
(comment single-cell-organism "The collection of living things which are all elements of both organism--whole and cell.  Each element of single-cell-organism is an organism consisting of one self-reproducing living cell.")

;;; single-doer-action
(isa single-doer-action script-type)
(genls single-doer-action action)
(comment single-doer-action "A collection of actions.  Each element of single-doer-action is an action which can have only one `doer' (i.e., only one agent `doing' it).  Such events may be intentional or not.  Most bodily functions belong to subsets of this collection, because the only agent of a normal bodily function is the agent whose body it is  (e.g., heartbeating, bleeding).  For a type of action to be a subset of single-doer-action, it must be inconsistent to assert, for any member of the subset, both (done-by ACT X) and (done-by ACT Y), where X and Y are different.  In contrast, carrying-while-locomoting is NOT a subset of single-doer-action.  For, although an action of that kind might often be done by only one performer, it is also common for two or more people to cooperate in carrying something.")

;;; single-entry
(isa single-entry format)
(comment single-entry "Argument places of Cyc predicates may have specified formats that constrain their values.  single-entry is a format constraint used to indicate that there is at most one value in a certain argument place, when all other arguments are fixed.  For example, the arg2-format  of mother is single-entry, since an animal can only have one mother.  See also format, and contrast with set-the-format.")

;;; single-residence-unit
(isa single-residence-unit product-type)
(isa single-residence-unit existing-object-type)
(genls single-residence-unit modern-human-residence)
(comment single-residence-unit "A collection of human residences.  Each element of single-residence-unit is either a modern-style detached house, an apartment, or another instance of modern-human-residence designed to accomodate either a single person or a single family (i.e., instance of family-cohabitation-unit).  Usually, each element of single-residence-unit has a unique mailing address.")

;;; single-site-organization
(isa single-site-organization existing-object-type)
(genls single-site-organization organization)
(comment single-site-organization "A collection of organizations.  An instance of single-site-organization is an organization which has a single location as its physical-quarters.  For example, the k-mart-store at Parmer Lane, Simon & David at the Arboretum, and Great Hills fire-station Number 2 would be positive instances.  But the k-mart-company, tom-thumb-the-company, and the Austin City Fire Department are negative examples, since those `parent' organizations have several sites as their physical-quarters.")

;;; sitting-posture
(isa sitting-posture posture)
(comment sitting-posture "The attribute that describes, most generically, an animal in a seated position.  The exact nature of the position depends upon the typical body structure of the animal's species.")

;;; situation
(isa situation collection)
(genls situation individual)
(comment situation "situation is the collection of situations.  A situation is a state of affairs; it identifies roles played by objects involved in the situation, and it articulates the relationships between those roles.  One important partitioning of situation is:

(1) event --- the dynamic situations.
(2) static-situation. --- they exist in time, but are not dynamic, more a set of relationships among objects.  E.g., consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96.   There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc.  There is a fuzzy line between events and static-situations: one could think of Bill as `carrying out the process of sitting' while he's in his easy chair.  
(3) atemporal situations.  There are some abstract, non-spatial, non-temporal instances of situation.  This is not very common, though; most situations of interest have (dynamic or static) temporal properties, and are instances of temporal-thing.  ")

;;; situation-fn
(isa situation-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa situation-fn situation-type)
(result-genl situation-fn situation)
(arg1-isa situation-fn cyc-formula)
(comment situation-fn "situation-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function.  (situation-fn FORM) denotes a collection of situations in which the cyc-formula FORM is true.  FORM may contain variables.  For example, FORM might describe the general situation in which a letter is addressed to a person who has filed a mail forwarding order.  If FORM is true in a particular case, then that is a situation of the (situation-fn FORM) kind, and related axioms may indicate inferences or actions to take.  Every collection denoted by a situation-fn expression is an element of (isa) SituationType.")

;;; situation-type
(isa situation-type collection)
(genls situation-type collection)
(comment situation-type "A collection of collections.  situation-type is the collection of subsets of situation.")

;;; skeletal-system
(isa skeletal-system unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa skeletal-system animal-body-part-type)
(genls skeletal-system biological-living-object)
(genls skeletal-system animal-body-part)
(comment skeletal-system "The collection of all animals' skeletal systems.  A skeletal-system is a system of body parts used to support, separate, and protect the other parts of the body, especially the torso and the soft, vulnerable internal organs of the animal.  It can be an external exoskeleton (see also: shell--animal-body-part) or an internal interlinking of numerous parts composed of bone--body-part and cartilage.")

;;; skin
(isa skin animal-body-part-type)
(genls skin solid-tangible-thing)
(genls skin tactile-sensor)
(genls skin vibration-through-a-medium-sensor)
(genls skin sheet-of-some-stuff)
(genls skin animal-body-part)
(comment skin "A (piece of) skin serves as outer protective and tactile sensory covering for (part of) an animal's body.  This is the collection of all pieces of skin.  Some examples include TheGoldenFleece (an entire skin) and YulBrynnersScalp (a small portion of his skin).")

;;; skirt
(isa skirt product-type)
(isa skirt existing-object-type)
(genls skirt womens-clothing)
(genls skirt clothing-item)
(comment skirt "The collection of all skirts, a category of women's clothing intended to cover the lower part of the body")

;;; skolem-func-n
(isa skolem-func-n collection)
(genls skolem-func-n skolem-function)

;;; skolem-func-n-fn
(isa skolem-func-n-fn function-the-mathematical-type)
(result-isa skolem-func-n-fn thing)
(arg1-isa skolem-func-n-fn cyc-system-list)
(arg2-isa skolem-func-n-fn cyc-system-symbol)
(arg3-isa skolem-func-n-fn non-negative-scalar-interval)

;;; skolem-function
(isa skolem-function collection)
(isa skolem-function relation-type)
(genls skolem-function reifiable-function)
(comment skolem-function "skolem-function is a collection of Cyc system-generated functions that implement existential quantifications in Cyc.  Whenever someone asserts to Cyc an expression that contains a `there-exists', Cyc automatically creates a new element of skolem-function and rewrites the assertion using that skolem function, as described in what follows.  (Most Cyc users don't need to know the following details, which are supplied only for the curious.)







Suppose we tell Cyc that every animal has a birth date; i.e., for each animal, there exists a date such that the animal was born on that date --- in CycL, (implies (isa ?x animal)(#$there-exists ?y (birth-date ?x ?y))).  In response to that CycL formula, Cyc would create a new element of skolem-function -- we might call it the `BirthDateFn' -- whose single argument would be an animal and whose resultant value would be a date, namely, that animal's date of birth.  Subsequently, Cyc would automatically use the `BirthDateFn' in asserting our rule, eliminating the need for a `there-exists'.  Our formula would thus be rewritten by the system, as follows:







(implies 

   (and

     (isa ?x animal)

     (term-of-unit ?y (`BirthDateFn' ?x)))

   (birth-date ?x ?y)).





See also term-of-unit. 





Note: Although our example uses the name 'BirthDateFn' for our skolem function, at this time (4/97), skolem functions are automatically named by the Cyc system using the prefix `SKF-' followed by a number.  The system-generated name can be replaced by re-naming, though that is rarely done in practice.")

;;; skolem-function-fn
(isa skolem-function-fn function-the-mathematical-type)
(result-isa skolem-function-fn thing)
(arg1-isa skolem-function-fn cyc-system-list)
(arg2-isa skolem-function-fn cyc-system-symbol)

;;; sleeping
(isa sleeping temporal-stuff-type)
(isa sleeping default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls sleeping bodily-function-event--involuntary)
(genls sleeping resting--relaxing)
(comment sleeping "The collection of all sleeping events, i.e., natural processes in which an animal engages in some unconscious mental activity coupled with physical rest.  sleeping is a subset of bodily-function-event--involuntary; the process of sleeping is essential for the health of sentient animals.")

;;; sleepy
(isa sleepy alertness)
(genl-attributes sleepy awake)
(comment sleepy "sleepy is the alertness attribute which is a specialization of awake.  It is the state an animal normally passes through before going-to-sleep.")

;;; smell-perception
(isa smell-perception temporal-stuff-type)
(isa smell-perception default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls smell-perception perceiving)
(comment smell-perception "The collection of sensory perceivings in which a perceptual-agent smells something and thereby acquires information about it.")

;;; smoking-food
(isa smoking-food script-type)
(genls smoking-food preserving-food)
(comment smoking-food "A kind of cooking in which the food is exposed to smoke.  This adds nitrates to the food to prevent rotting.")

;;; snow-flake
(isa snow-flake existing-object-type)
(genls snow-flake 
  (solid-fn water))
(genls snow-flake precipitation-particle)
(comment snow-flake "The collection of frozen water crystals emitted by clouds in instances of snow-process.")

;;; snow-process
(isa snow-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls snow-process precipitation-process)
(comment snow-process "The collection of events in which the condensed liquid water in clouds freezes into ice crystals which become substantial enough to fall to the earth as snow.")

;;; snowy
(isa snowy weather-attribute)
(genl-attributes snowy cloudy)
(comment snowy "The weather-attribute that characterizes an outdoor-location at which it is snowing.")

;;; sociability-based-action
(isa sociability-based-action temporal-object-type)
(isa sociability-based-action default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls sociability-based-action social-occurrence)
(comment sociability-based-action "The collection of socially based actions, those performed mostly for the sake of sociability, in which considerations of socially acceptable interactions with others are important.")

;;; social-attribute-type
(isa social-attribute-type collection)
(genls social-attribute-type attribute-type)
(comment social-attribute-type "This is a collection of collections.  Each social-attribute-type is itself a coherent collection of attributes that pertain to human behavior.  This definition is very broad, and embraces attributes of behavior (personal and social) one might read about in a sociology, psychology, cultural anthropology, economics, political science, or social philosophy course -- in short, in the (human) `behavioral' sciences.  A more specialized concept is social-status-attribute-type, which limits the focus to status-related attributes.  This is a superset of that, much more general collection which includes, as elements, acquaintance-attribute, inter-agent-relation-attribute, etc., as well as all the elements of social-status-attribute-type (qv).")

;;; social-being
(isa social-being existing-object-type)
(genls social-being intelligent-agent)
(comment social-being "The collection of beings whose existence is accepted by some social system.  (Thus, the elements of social-being will vary with social contexts.)  Social beings are entities able to perform social roles in the system that recognizes them.  social-being includes elements of organization (e.g., the queens-guard) as well as the elements of legal-agent (in that system), so, for example, in modern industrial social systems, the elements of legal-corporation and person are instances of social-being. ")

;;; social-class--lifestyle
(isa social-class--lifestyle social-attribute-type)
(genls social-class--lifestyle scalar-interval)
(genls social-class--lifestyle social-status-attribute)
(comment social-class--lifestyle "The collection of attributes that indicate a person's social class, as determined by the person's general lifestyle, quality of life, and relative access to the (material and security oriented) desiderata of life.  It may depend on a cultural non-material system of social rank, based on birth, office, manners, vocal accent or other factors.  Members of this collection include lower-middle-class, upper-class, etc.")

;;; social-gathering
(isa social-gathering script-type)
(genls social-gathering human-activity)
(genls social-gathering purposeful-action)
(genls social-gathering social-occurrence)
(comment social-gathering "The collection of intentional social gatherings of people who have the same or similar purposes in attending, and in which there is communication between the participants.  E.g., a party, a conference, a wedding, etc.
Note:  A group of people waiting to board an elevator is not typically a social-gathering, even though they share a common purpose, since they are not expected to talk to each other.")

;;; social-occurrence
(isa social-occurrence script-type)
(isa social-occurrence temporal-object-type)
(genls social-occurrence composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(genls social-occurrence human-activity)
(comment social-occurrence "A collection of events; a subset of composite-physical-and-mental-event.  Each element of social-occurrence is an event in which two or more agents (and often many more than two) take part.  Often, elements of social-occurrence involve communication among the participating agents.   Usually there are some social occurrences in every culture that have very elaborate role structures (e.g., a lawsuit or a wedding), and some that are fairly simple (e.g., belching at the dinner table).  See also: social-participants.")

;;; social-ritual
(isa social-ritual script-type)
(genls social-ritual social-gathering)
(genls social-ritual ritual)
(comment social-ritual "The collection of social events in which some kind of ritual is performed.  E.g., a wedding, an awards ceremony, a baptism, an inauguration, a graduation ceremony, etc.
Note: In Cyc's ontology, the collection inauguration is not exactly a subset of social-ritual; e.g., it is not true that (isa The1992InaugurationOfGeorgeBushAsPresidentOfTheUSA  social-ritual).  This is because there are many aspects to an inauguration, besides the social ritual aspects.  E.g., there is the political aspect, namely the legitimate change of chief executive of a nation.  The carrying out of the `script' for an inauguration (i.e., the ceremony itself) is an element of the collection social-ritual. ")

;;; social-status-attribute
(isa social-status-attribute composite-attribute-type)
(isa social-status-attribute social-status-attribute-type)
(genls social-status-attribute attribute-value)
(comment social-status-attribute "The collection of attribute-values that pertain to human social status; role or rank (formal or informal) in the surrounding culture.  Most assertions should be made in terms of some specialization of this collection (or an instance of some specialization of this collection).  Members of this collection include: lower-middle-class, good-looking, fourth-grade-level, etc.")

;;; social-status-attribute-type
(isa social-status-attribute-type collection)
(genls social-status-attribute-type social-attribute-type)
(comment social-status-attribute-type "This is a collection of collections.  Each social-status-attribute-type is itself a coherent collection of attributes that pertain to rank/status along some particular `dimension' related somehow to `status in society.'  Some sample elements of social-status-attribute-type are: social-status-attribute, glamor, social-power, credibility, education-level-attribute, etc. ")

;;; solar-powered-device
(isa solar-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls solar-powered-device powered-device)
(comment solar-powered-device "A collection of physical devices; a subset of powered-device.  An instance of solar-powered-device is a device which is powered by energy from sunlight.  Examples include solar-powered calculators and solar heating systems.")

;;; soldier
(isa soldier occupation-type)
(genls soldier military-person)
(genls soldier professional)
(comment soldier "A person having as a profession a branch of Soldiering")

;;; sole-proprietorship
(isa sole-proprietorship existing-object-type)
(genls sole-proprietorship legal-agent)
(genls sole-proprietorship unincorporated-organization)
(genls sole-proprietorship organization)
(genls sole-proprietorship business)
(comment sole-proprietorship "A collection of unincorporated businesses organizations.  An element of sole-proprietorship is a business in which an individual person (or a married couple) owns, operates, and assumes liability for the business.   A sole-proprietorship may or may not have employees.  It has no shareholders or partners.")

;;; solid-fn
(isa solid-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa solid-fn tangible-stuff-state-type)
(result-genl solid-fn solid-tangible-thing)
(arg1-isa solid-fn tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(comment solid-fn "A collection-denoting-function.  solid-fn takes as an argument a collection COL, membership in which is based only on physical and/or chemical composition and not on any other property (see tangible-stuff-composition-type).  (solid-fn COL) is the collection of elements of COL that are in the solid-state-of-matter.  E.g., the ice cubes in my lemonade belong to the collection (solid-fn water--fresh).")

;;; solid-state-of-matter
(isa solid-state-of-matter state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous)
(comment solid-state-of-matter "One of the basic physical states of matter.  Solid objects are characterized at the macroscopic level by definite, persistent boundaries, independent of container.  Examples of things that typically have this attribute-value are: a piece of wood, a lump of coal, a quartz crystal, a gold ingot stored in Fort Knox, a human skull.")

;;; solid-tangible-product
(isa solid-tangible-product product-type)
(isa solid-tangible-product existing-object-type)
(genls solid-tangible-product solid-tangible-thing)
(genls solid-tangible-product tangible-product)
(comment solid-tangible-product "A collection of tangible products.  Each element of solid-tangible-product is a tangible product that is a solid, either a solid object (e.g., an automobile) or a stuff in solid form (e.g., lumber).")

;;; solid-tangible-thing
(isa solid-tangible-thing tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls solid-tangible-thing tangible-thing)
(comment solid-tangible-thing "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of solid-tangible-thing is a substance that is intrinsically in a solid-state-of-matter.  For example, ayers-rock, the quarter-dollar coin I put in the parking meter, the ice cubes in my lemonade, a paper bag and the bagel inside it.  Collections containing the solid phase of any type of stuff can be created using solid-fn (q.v.).")

;;; solubility
(isa solubility measurable-attribute-type)
(genls solubility scalar-interval)
(genls solubility physical-attribute)
(comment solubility "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of solubility describes how readily some tangible substance dissolves in some kind of liquid.  Different levels of solubility may be represented with generic-value-functions or qualitatively (e.g., will-dissolve, insoluble).")

;;; solution
(isa solution existing-stuff-type)
(genls solution mixture)
(comment solution "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of mixture.  Each instance of solution is a mixture of two or more chemically distinct substances.  solutions are homogeneous, meaning that the composition at any one point in the mixture is the same as that at any other point.  In contrast, a suspension is a mixture in which small discontinuous particles are surrounded by a continuous fluid.  Under normal conditions, the solvent of every solution has the state-of-matter liquid-state-of-matter.  Thus solutions also normally exhibit the properties of a liquid, since solvents are main-constituents.  Exceptions to this include gels, in which 'solid-like' properties of the solution arise from the highly structured orientation of the solute.  Examples of solutions: a cup of coffee, a tincture of iodine, some vanilla extract.")

;;; something-existing
(isa something-existing temporal-stuff-type)
(genls something-existing temporal-thing)
(comment something-existing "something-existing is the subset of temporal-thing whose elements are more or less static, at least compared to the highly dynamic elements of event.   The clearest examples of something-existing are tangible things, like people, lakes, stars, the Earth's ionosphere, etc.  Some elements of intangible, such as agreements and obligations, also exist stably in time over their lifetime (rather than `happening'), and thus both agreement and obligation are subsets of (i.e., have the genls) something-existing).")

;;; something-to-wear
(isa something-to-wear existing-object-type)
(genls something-to-wear non-powered-device)
(genls something-to-wear personal-product)
(genls something-to-wear portable-object)
(genls something-to-wear tangible-product)
(comment something-to-wear "A collection of tangible objects.  Each instance of something-to-wear is an object that an animal (usually a person) wears on its body, i.e., in a wearing-something event.  It is worth remarking that, in such an event, the wearer doesn't have to exert any intentional effort to continue wearing the object.  For example, shirts remain on people's torsos, hats stay on heads, rings on fingers; once in place, dog collars stay on dogs, saddles stay on horses.  By contrast, a hula hoop is NOT an example of something-to-wear.  A borderline case is a purse, which at first blush seems to be something to wear, yet requires carrying by the performer, hence is not a member of this collection.  Similarly, a briefcase is not an something-to-wear.")

;;; sound
(isa sound wave-propagation-type)
(genls sound wave-propagation)
(comment sound "A collection of events; a subset of wave-propagation.  Each element of sound is an instance of wave propagation in which longitudinal pressure waves travel through matter.  Includes the elements of audible-sound, ultra-sound, and temblors.")

;;; sound-information-bearing-thing
(isa sound-information-bearing-thing temporal-stuff-type)
(genls sound-information-bearing-thing information-bearing-thing)
(genls sound-information-bearing-thing information-bearing-wave-propagation)
(genls sound-information-bearing-thing audible-sound)
(comment sound-information-bearing-thing "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of information-bearing-wave-propagation.  Each element of sound-information-bearing-thing is an audible sound that contains information: a spoken utterance, the performance of a sonata, a Morse code message tapped out on a prison wall, etc.")

;;; south--directly
(isa south--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa south--directly geographical-direction)
(genl-attributes south--directly south--generally)
(comment south--directly "Due South, an element of terrestrial-direction.")

;;; south--generally
(isa south--generally geographical-direction)
(comment south--generally "The general direction of South.  The element of vector-interval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as south--directly.")

;;; south-east--directly
(isa south-east--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa south-east--directly geographical-direction)
(comment south-east--directly "The precise Southeast direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; south-east--generally
(isa south-east--generally geographical-direction)
(comment south-east--generally "The general direction of SouthEast.  The vector-interval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as south-east--directly.")

;;; south-west--directly
(isa south-west--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa south-west--directly geographical-direction)
(comment south-west--directly "The precise Southwest direction from any geographic point other than a pole.")

;;; south-west--generally
(isa south-west--generally geographical-direction)
(comment south-west--generally "The general direction of SouthWest.  The vector-interval comprising the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of pointing in the same direction as south-west--directly.")

;;; space-in-a-h-o-c
(isa space-in-a-h-o-c existing-object-type)
(genls space-in-a-h-o-c cavity)
(genls space-in-a-h-o-c human-occupation-construct)
(comment space-in-a-h-o-c "A collection of open spatial regions.  Each element of space-in-a-h-o-c is a space found inside some instance of human-occupation-construct (= HOC).  Elements include all major spaces inside any human-occupation-construct, including not only rooms (elements of room-in-a-construction), but halls, elevator shafts, attics, stairwells, and the spaces inside trains, cars, and airplanes that are designed for human occupation.  Other building parts which are not open spatial regions (e.g., walls, plumbing, etc.) are NOT included in this collection; cf. part-of-building.  space-in-a-h-o-c is disjoint-with the collection outdoor-location.")

;;; space-point
(isa space-point existing-object-type)
(genls space-point geometric-thing)
(comment space-point "A collection of geometrical things. Each space-point is an extensionless geometrical point, and thus exists in zero dimensions.")
(synonymous-external-concept space-point s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPACE-POINT")
(synonymous-external-concept space-point s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ZERO-D-LOCATION")

;;; space-transportation-event
(isa space-transportation-event temporal-object-type)
(genls space-transportation-event transportation-event)
(comment space-transportation-event "The collection of all space transportation event.")

;;; spacecraft
(isa spacecraft existing-object-type)
(genls spacecraft transportation-device)
(comment spacecraft "The collection of transportation devices deployed entirely in outer space, or whose trajectories leave the atmosphere of the planet they're launched from, in order to orbit the planet or to travel away from it beyond its gravitational field.")

;;; spanish-language
(isa spanish-language living-language)
(comment spanish-language "The indigenous language of spain and, secondarily, most of Central and South America")

;;; spatial-predicate
(isa spatial-predicate relation-type)
(genls spatial-predicate predicate)
(genls spatial-predicate cotemporal-predicate)
(comment spatial-predicate "The collection predicates about spatial relationships.  Note that when an element of spatial-predicate has an instance of group as one of its arguments, the predicate applies to all the members of that group.")
(synonymous-external-concept spatial-predicate s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-RELATION")

;;; spatial-thing
(isa spatial-thing object-type)
(genls spatial-thing individual)
(comment spatial-thing "The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other spatial-thing.  Note well that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues.  First, a spatial-thing may be partially-tangible, like texas--state or wholly intangible, like the arctic-circle or a line or a plane referenced in a geometric theorem.  Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial-thing, a spatial-thing may or may not be located in the physically observable universe.  It is far from clear that all spatial-things are so located:  eg, a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system.  If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's spec, spatial-thing--localized.")

;;; spatially-disjoint-region-type
(isa spatially-disjoint-region-type collection)
(genls spatially-disjoint-region-type region-type)
(comment spatially-disjoint-region-type "A collection of collections; a subset of region-type.  Each element of spatially-disjoint-region-type is a collection of geographical regions, none of whose elements spatially intersects another.  For example, the collection state--united-states is an element of spatially-disjoint-region-type, because the territories of U.S. states do not overlap.  Other examples of collections that are elements of spatially-disjoint-region-type: canadian-province, independent-country, city, and colony.  A non-example is ecological-region, since ecological regions can overlap.")

;;; speaking
(isa speaking temporal-stuff-type)
(isa speaking default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls speaking making-an-oral-sound)
(genls speaking i-b-t-generation)
(comment speaking "The collection of actions generating 
utterances which are speech. A subset of talking: hence,
speaking normally includes
only those utterances using language as a communication convention, unlike
other utterances, such as booing and cheering.")

;;; specified-information-bearing-thing-type
(isa specified-information-bearing-thing-type collection)
(genls specified-information-bearing-thing-type existing-object-type)
(comment specified-information-bearing-thing-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of specified-information-bearing-thing-type is a subset of information-bearing-thing, all of whose instances have in common all (or nearly all) of their information content and their primary media form.  For example, the collection specified by `the book War and Peace' is an element of specified-information-bearing-thing-type; so is the collection described by `the movie Jaws' (even though both the novel `War and Peace' and the film `Jaws' were issued in slightly different variants).  Heterogeneous collections, however, such as those defined by `books written by Mark Twain', or by `the Jaws story in all its forms [movie, book, comic book, tape]', are NOT elements of specified-information-bearing-thing-type, although they are subsets of information-bearing-thing.  Examples of specified-information-bearing-thing-type: adventures-of-huckleberry-finn-the-book, o-s-2, lotus123, peloponnesian-war-history-by-thucydides--the-book, citizen-kane--the-movie.")

;;; speech-part
(isa speech-part linguistic-object-type)
(genls speech-part nonlexical-linguistic-object)
(comment speech-part "The collection of all parts of speech.  Subsets of speech-part include preposition, adverb, simple-noun, determiner, quantifying-indexical, punctuation--s-p, pronoun).  To link a specific word with the parts of speech for which it has forms, see pos-forms; e.g., you--the-word has apronoun form, and--the-word has a coordinating-conjunction form, hit--the-word has both simple-noun and verb forms.")

;;; speed
(isa speed derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls speed scalar-interval)
(genls speed physical-attribute)
(genls speed rate)
(comment speed "A subset of rate.  Each element of speed is a rate of change in position (of an object, wave front, etc.).  Elements of speed may be either fixed amounts, such as (miles-per-hour 55), or a range, such as walking-speed or calm--wind-speed.  See unit-of-speed for the units used by Cyc to measure speeds.")

;;; sperm-cell
(isa sperm-cell existing-object-type)
(genls sperm-cell eukaryotic-cell)
(genls sperm-cell animal-b-l-o)
(comment sperm-cell "A subset of cell.  sperm-cell is the collection of specialized gamete cells which are produced by meiosis in the reproductive tract of male animals.  Each sperm cell usually has half the number of chromosomes that regular body cells do, and when it fertilizes an ovum, the ovum becomes a zygote and continues to develop into a mature individual.  See also male-animal, sexual-reproduction-event.")

;;; sphere-fn
(isa sphere-fn shape-function)
(result-isa sphere-fn three-dimensional-shape)
(result-isa sphere-fn abstract-shape)
(arg1-isa sphere-fn distance)
(comment sphere-fn "The Cyc function sphere-fn is a shape-function (q.v.).  (sphere-fn D) returns an abstract sphere-shape which has diameter D.  Examples: the shape of a 2-inch rubber ball is sphere-shape; the ball fits-in the shape denoted by (sphere-fn (inch 2)). The shape of planet-earth is also sphere-shape; Earth fits-in the shape denoted by (sphere-fn (mile 8000)).")

;;; spoken-communicating
(isa spoken-communicating temporal-stuff-type)
(isa spoken-communicating script-type)
(genls spoken-communicating audio-communicating)
(genls spoken-communicating human-activity)
(comment spoken-communicating "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of audio-communicating.  Each element of spoken-communicating is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two (or more) agents.  The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way); see communicating.  Examples of spoken-communicating: a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, the gettysburg-address--speech.  Note that the collection speaking contains events in which a person generates spoken language but doesn't necessarily communicate it; e.g., a person practicing a speech alone.  If someone who is speaking is also communicating, then her speaking is a sub-events of some element of spoken-communicating.  Every element of spoken-communicating has at least one communication-token which is an element of utterance.")
(synonymous-external-concept spoken-communicating s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPEECH-ACT")

;;; sports-event
(isa sports-event temporal-object-type)
(isa sports-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls sports-event athletic-activity)
(comment sports-event "The collection of individual sports events, such as a single game of baseball, an individual 100M race, etc.  An entire sandlot baseball game would be a sports-event, but one inning wouldn't be.  A double-header could be viewed as a single sports-event, though, even though each half of it was also a sports-event.  Several sports-events can be organized into a sports-formal-competition.  One single double-header evening of baseball would not be a sports-formal-competition, nor one single tennis match, etc.  
note:  The collection sports-event does not include every athletic-activity; e.g., Rocky training for his boxing match, a group of kids racing to the bus stop, a person skiing for pleasure, etc. are not instances of sports-event.")

;;; spreadsheet
(isa spreadsheet existing-object-type)
(genls spreadsheet structured-information-source)
(genls spreadsheet information-bearing-object)
(comment spreadsheet "A collection of information bearing objects (IBOs); a subset of structured-information-source.  Each element of spreadsheet is an IBO that presents (usually numeric) data in a two-dimensional matrix of cells that are organized into rows and columns.  A spreadsheet may be produced by hand with pencil and paper or generated by a computer spreadsheet-program such as lotus123.  Associated with every spreadsheet are mathematical definitions of some of its cells as a function of other cells in that spreadsheet.")

;;; spring-season
(isa spring-season temporal-object-type)
(genls spring-season season-of-year)
(comment spring-season "The collection of Spring seasons.  In the temperate-climate-cycle, Spring is the time ice melts, the average temperature starts to increase, the days get longer, plants begin to put forth buds, etc.  spring-season represents the climatic aspects of spring; see calendar-spring for the purely temporal aspects of spring.")

;;; sqrt-fn
(isa sqrt-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa sqrt-fn real-number)
(arg1-isa sqrt-fn real-number)
(comment sqrt-fn "sqrt-fn is the unary mathematical function that returns the square root of its argument; e.g., (sqrt-fn 4) returns 2.")

;;; square-mile
(isa square-mile unit-of-area)
(isa square-mile f-p-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa square-mile unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa square-mile area)
(result-isa square-mile scalar-interval)
(args-isa square-mile cyc-system-real-number)
(comment square-mile "The measurement function used in Cyc to represent the square mile used as a unit of measure for area, within the British (FPS) system.  See also f-p-s-unit-of-measure, unit-of-measure.")

;;; squared-fn
(isa squared-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(result-isa squared-fn real-number)
(arg1-isa squared-fn real-number)
(comment squared-fn "squared-fn is the unary mathematical function that returns the square of the real number taken as its argument; e.g., (squared-fn 9) returns 81.")

;;; standard-unit-of-measure
(isa standard-unit-of-measure relation-type)
(genls standard-unit-of-measure unit-of-measure)
(comment standard-unit-of-measure "standard-unit-of-measure is a subset of unit-of-measure, the collection of units used to measure quantifiable properties.  standard-unit-of-measure contains those units which are considered the standard-unit for the property they measure.  Some examples: the standard unit-of-volume is the liter; the standard unit-of-temperature is the degree-kelvin; the standard unit-of-mass is the Kilogram.  Every unit type has one unit designated as the standard unit for that type.")

;;; start-fn
(isa start-fn reifiable-function)
(isa start-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa start-fn time-point)
(arg1-isa start-fn temporal-thing)
(comment start-fn "start-fn is a function that takes a temporal-thing and returns the time-point it began.  Thus:  (starting-point ?X (start-fn ?X))")

;;; starvation
(isa starvation script-type)
(isa starvation temporal-stuff-type)
(genls starvation single-doer-action)
(genls starvation destruction-event)
(comment starvation "A collection of events.  Each instance of starvation is an event in which
an animal is so hungry as to be starving.  If prolonged, it results in death.  NB:  Note that this is a single-doer-action (q.v.), so it doesn't cover cases wherein one creature withholds food from another.")

;;; starving
(isa starving level-of-hunger)
(isa starving order-of-magnitude-interval)
(comment starving "A level-of-hunger (q.v.) one step beyond hungry.  Note: this
constant expresses a static animal-physiological-attribute, not a
dynamic process.  For the event that involves starving, see
starvation.")

;;; state--geopolitical
(isa state--geopolitical existing-object-type)
(genls state--geopolitical country-subsidiary)
(genls state--geopolitical geopolitical-entity)
(comment state--geopolitical "A collection of geopolitical entities which are sub-divisions of countries.  An element of state--geopolitical is a ``state-equivalent,'' i.e., a region whose political government is at the very next administrative level down from the national level.  In different countries, such a main geopolitical subdivision may be called variously a `region', a `state', a `province', a `prefecture', a `department', a `parish', or something else.  In the U.S.A., it is called a `state'.  See also province.")

;;; state--united-states
(isa state--united-states spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls state--united-states state--geopolitical)
(comment state--united-states "A collection of geopolitical sub-regions.  Each of the (currently 50) elements of state--united-states is a State in the united-states-of-america; i.e., alabama--state, alaska--state, arizona--state, arkansas--state, etc.")

;;; state-capital
(isa state-capital existing-object-type)
(genls state-capital capital-city-of-region)
(genls state-capital city)
(comment state-capital "A collection of cities.  Each element of state-capital is a city that is the capital city of the geopolitical state in which it is located.  Note that this collection is for capitals of all the elements in state--geopolitical (q.v.), not just members of the subset state--united-states.  Examples: city-of-juneau-a-k, city-of-lansing-m-i, city-of-annapolis-m-d, Quebec City, Edmonton, Perth (Austr.), Xian, Guangzhou, Lahore.")

;;; state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous
(isa state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous primitive-attribute-type)
(genls state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous scalar-interval)
(genls state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous physical-attribute)
(comment state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous "state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous is the collection of attributes which describe the basic physical states that pieces of matter can be in.  Elements of this collection are solid-state-of-matter, semi-solid-state-of-matter, liquid-state-of-matter, and gaseous-state-of-matter.  Although the chemical composition of a substance does not change when its basic physical state changes, many of its intrinsic physical properties do change--including its density, viscosity, brittleness, color, size, etc.  In addition, changing the basic state of pieces of certain compounds may alter their chemical composition (e.g., using distillation to separate alcohol from other fluids) and as a result may effect toxicity and other biological factors.")

;;; static-situation
(isa static-situation temporal-stuff-type)
(genls static-situation something-existing)
(genls static-situation situation)
(comment static-situation "static-situations are states of affairs between two or more things, persisting statically over some time interval. static-situations always have a temporal extent; they usually have a tangible and spatial extent.   As an example, consider the situation of Bill Clinton sitting in his easy chair on the evening of 7/4/96.   There are participant objects such as Bill and the chair, there are relationships such as the seat of the chair supporting his bottom and his weight being off his feet, etc.   It happens at a particular time and place, but there is no active, dynamic event that is going on. ")

;;; stealing--generic
(isa stealing--generic temporal-object-type)
(isa stealing--generic default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls stealing--generic unintended-loss-of-user-rights)
(genls stealing--generic transferring-possession)
(genls stealing--generic taking-something)
(comment stealing--generic "A collection of events; a subset of taking-something.  In an instance of stealing--generic, one agent takes a possession of another agent's without the owner's permission (and possibly without the owner's knowledge).  Stealing is commonly considered criminal in most contexts.
Note:  It is not the case that every use of another's things without explicit permission is categorized as an instance of stealing--generic.  An informal agreement or `understanding' may exist between agents that would cover casual `borrowing' (and excuse it from being stealing); the closer the relationship the more expensive and personal the items that fall into such an exclusion.  E.g., even if I am in a perfect stranger's office, and they have left for a minute, I feel it is not stealing to take one of their Kleenexes if I am about to sneeze.")

;;; steamed
(isa steamed preparation-attribute)
(genl-attributes steamed cooked)
(comment steamed "The attribute steamed is a specialized form of cooked.  Food that is steamed has been prepared in an event of steaming-food.")

;;; steaming-food
(isa steaming-food default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls steaming-food cooking-food)
(comment steaming-food "cooking food by surrounding it in steam.")

;;; steppe-climate-cycle
(isa steppe-climate-cycle climate-cycle-type)
(genls steppe-climate-cycle temperate-climate-cycle)
(comment steppe-climate-cycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of steppe-climate-cycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) on the steppes (i.e., temperate zone semiarid plains).  Characteristics of a steppe climate include: little precipitation, but wetter than a desert; wide temperature extremes, from very hot in the day to cold at night.")

;;; stock
(isa stock existing-object-type)
(genls stock sales-agreement)
(genls stock authorized-agreement)
(comment stock "A collection consisting of all shares of stock.  An element of stock is a share of ownership in some instance of legal-corporation; its owner is an agent who is recorded as a shareholder in the official records of that corporation.  A company may have several classes of stock, such as Common, Preferred, Class A, Class B, etc.")

;;; stock-certificate
(isa stock-certificate existing-object-type)
(genls stock-certificate official-document)
(genls stock-certificate i-d-document)
(comment stock-certificate "A collection of official documents.  Each element of stock-certificate is a document issued by a company to one of its shareholders, certifying the shareholder's ownership of some number of shares of stock in that corporation.")

;;; stock-holdings
(isa stock-holdings existing-object-type)
(genls stock-holdings financial-asset-holdings)
(comment stock-holdings "A collection of partially tangibles; a subset of financial-asset-holdings.  Each instance of stock-holdings is a group of stock shares owned by an agent.  It may consist of shares in only one company or different groups of shares in multiple companies.")

;;; stock-in-fn
(isa stock-in-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa stock-in-fn collection)
(result-genl stock-in-fn stock)
(arg1-isa stock-in-fn legal-corporation)
(comment stock-in-fn "stock-in-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function. It is used to represent a collection of stock in a particular company.  (stock-in-fn COMPANY) applied to a legal-corporation COMPANY returns the collection of all shares of stock in that corporation.")

;;; stock-type
(isa stock-type collection)
(genls stock-type existing-object-type)
(comment stock-type "A collection of collections.  An instance of stock-type is a collection of all shares of stock of a particular type in a particular corporation.  For example, ``General Motors Class E Stock''.")

;;; stomach
(isa stomach animal-body-part-type)
(isa stomach unique-anatomical-part-type)
(genls stomach organ)
(comment stomach "The collection of all stomachs.  An individual stomach is an organ which is part of the digestive-system that churns and digests food.")

;;; stone-stuff
(isa stone-stuff tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls stone-stuff structural-support-stuff)
(genls stone-stuff 
  (solid-fn earth-stuff))
(comment stone-stuff "A collection of tangible things; a subset of earth-stuff.  Each element of stone-stuff is a piece or portion of rock or stone; e.g., mount-rushmore-monument.")

;;; stream
(isa stream existing-object-type)
(genls stream body-of-water)
(comment stream "stream is the generic collection for natural, flowing bodies of water, including everything from great rivers to tiny creeks.  Every stream flows in (see in--cont-open) some conduit (see fluid-conduit) such as a streambed or riverbed. Examples: amazon-river, little-missouri-river, wounded-knee--creek.  Cf. river, creek.  Note that riverbanks are not streams nor are they part of streams, but rather mark the edge of a stream.")

;;; street--generic
(isa street--generic existing-object-type)
(genls street--generic urban-area)
(genls street--generic path-for-wheeled-vehicles)
(comment street--generic "The subcollection of path-for-wheeled-vehicles thatcontains all streets inside of cities and towns.")

;;; street-address
(isa street-address object-type)
(genls street-address address--location-designator)
(comment street-address "A collection of strings. Each element of street-address is a string that denotes a street number and street name.  For example, `3721 Executive Center Drive', the street address of cycorp.")

;;; strength
(isa strength script-performance-attribute-type)
(genls strength animal-physiological-attribute)
(genls strength scalar-interval)
(genls strength script-performance-attribute)
(comment strength "strength is the script-performance-attribute-type for describing actions performed by exerting nontrival force at the times it is necessary.")

;;; structural-support-stuff
(isa structural-support-stuff existing-stuff-type)
(genls structural-support-stuff solid-tangible-thing)
(comment structural-support-stuff "A collection of tangibles. Each element of structural-support-stuff is a hard, rigid substance typically used for structural support.  For example, the instances of wood, bone-the-stuff, stone-stuff.")

;;; structured-information-source
(isa structured-information-source temporal-stuff-type)
(isa structured-information-source object-type)
(genls structured-information-source information-bearing-thing)
(comment structured-information-source "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of structured-information-source is an information bearing object or event in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically).  Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map.")

;;; student
(isa student occupation-type)
(genls student person)
(comment student "A collection of persons.  Each element of student is someone who studies at an academic institution.  This collection includes students at all levels of study in all types of educational institutions.")

;;; student-status-attribute
(isa student-status-attribute attribute-type)
(genls student-status-attribute attribute-value)
(comment student-status-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each student-status-attribute indicates the currency or bureaucratic phase of processing a student's participation in an educational course or institution; elements of this collection include graduate, enrolled, etc.")

;;; stuff-type
(isa stuff-type collection)
(genls stuff-type collection)
(comment stuff-type "A collection of collections.   Every element of stuff-type is a collection of substances which have the following logical property: such a substance may be subdivided, spatially or temporally, and the resultant portions will also be instances of the stuff-type collection to which the original substance belonged.  Elements of stuff-type may be collections of any kind of stuff, tangible or intangible, temporal or atemporal, which has that property.  (The notion of stuff-type corresponds roughly to that of a mass noun in English.)   Thus, if COL is some collection that is an element of stuff-type, and ITEM is an element of COL, then if ITEM is divided into two (or more) segments, each segment is also an element of COL.  Examples of stuff-type: water (the collection of all portions of water, whose spatial sub-portions are also water); breathing (the collection of all events wherein someone breathes for any amount of time, whose temporal sub-events are also instances of breathing).  Note that `taking a complete breath' would NOT be stufflike, since not every temporal interval of breathing would be a complete breath from start to finish; cf. object-type.  See also these four collections: stuff-type, object-type, existing-stuff-type, and existing-object-type.")

;;; sub-abs
(isa sub-abs format)
(comment sub-abs "If the predicate P has entry format sub-abs for one of its argument positions N, then, given some fixed set of arguments in the other positions, mutiple assertions may be added to the KB so long as each term appearing in argument position N is a sub-abstrac of some common entity. Note that the case where the entity itself appears as arg N is allowed, since for all x, (sub-abstrac X X) is true.  Let's consider an example.  The arg2-format of later-sub-abstractions is sub-abs.  Thus Cyc will allow one to assert that later-sub-abstractions of SamZilkerAsATeenager include SamZilkerAsAnAdult, and SamZilkerDuringHisFirstMarriage, etc., so long as all of those are known to be subabstractions of the very same entity, in this case the one representing Sam Zilker.")

;;; sub-atomic-particle
(isa sub-atomic-particle existing-object-type)
(genls sub-atomic-particle microscopic-scale-object)
(comment sub-atomic-particle "A collection of objects; a subset of microscopic-scale-object.  Every instance of sub-atomic-particle is a physical particle smaller than an atom.  Major subsets of sub-atomic-particle include electron, proton, and neutron.")

;;; sub-path-between-fn
(isa sub-path-between-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa sub-path-between-fn path--simple)
(arg1-isa sub-path-between-fn path--simple)
(arg2-isa sub-path-between-fn thing)
(arg3-isa sub-path-between-fn thing)
(comment sub-path-between-fn "Given a path PATH and different points X and Y on it, (sub-path-between-fn PATH X Y) gives a unique subpath SUB of PATH that is between X and Y.  This function should not be used without the context of a path-system because only with the reference to a path system can we be certain about the existence of such a subpath (e.g., Austin and Texas are different points on I-35, but there is no subpath of I35 that is between Austin and Texas).  To put this in another way, let SYS be any path system.  If PATH is a path in SYS and X and Y are different points in SYS and are also points on PATH, (sub-path-between-fn PATH X Y) is the only subpath (in SYS) of PATH that is between X and Y.  See path-in-system.  Note that this function is not defined on the cartesian product path--simple x thing x thing, but on a proper subset of it.")

;;; sub-process-slot
(isa sub-process-slot predicate-category)
(genls sub-process-slot role)
(genls sub-process-slot temporal-part-slot)
(comment sub-process-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of sub-process-slot is a binary predicate that relates one instance of event to a second event that is in some way a part of the first.  Examples: sub-events, in-preparation-for, manufacturing-steps, outbound-leg-of-round-trip.")

;;; submarine
(isa submarine product-type)
(isa submarine existing-object-type)
(genls submarine transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls submarine ship)
(comment submarine "Submarine is the collection of all boats that can operate underwater.")

;;; subway
(isa subway existing-object-type)
(genls subway railway)
(comment subway "The collection of all underground railways, under the surfaces of major cities.  Some parts of Subways may be in trenches, on bridges or on elevated tracks, but most of a Subway is in underground tunnels.")

;;; subway-station
(isa subway-station existing-object-type)
(genls subway-station human-occupation-construct)
(comment subway-station "The collection of all subway (underground railroad) stations.  These are usually located at least partly underground, on subway tracks, and their primary purpose is to be a place where subway trains discharge and receive passengers.")

;;; successor-fn
(isa successor-fn non-predicate-function)
(result-isa successor-fn integer)
(arg1-isa successor-fn integer)
(comment successor-fn "(successor-fn ?N) denotes the next integer after ?N.  This is somewhat broader than the ordinary ''successor'' function on natural numbers, since successor-fn applies to all integers.")

;;; summer-season
(isa summer-season temporal-object-type)
(genls summer-season season-of-year)
(comment summer-season "The collection of Summer seasons.  In the temperate-climate-cycle, Summer is generally the time of greatest warmth.  summer-season represents the climatic aspects of summer.  For its purely temporal aspects, see calendar-summer.")

;;; sunny
(isa sunny weather-attribute)
(genl-attributes sunny 
  (high-amount-fn visibility))
(comment sunny "The weather-attribute that characterizes an outdoor-location at which the sun is shining brightly.")

;;; sunrise
(isa sunrise script-type)
(isa sunrise temporal-object-type)
(genls sunrise qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment sunrise "Each sunrise is an event where, at a given location, the sun appears to clear the horizon as it `rises'.  This event is construed to occur regardless of the visibility of the sun due to obscuring objects such as clouds.  Every sunrise is contiguous-after a dawn, and every daytime-hours is temporally-started-by a sunrise.")

;;; sunset
(isa sunset script-type)
(isa sunset temporal-object-type)
(genls sunset qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment sunset "Each sunset is an event where, at a given location, the sun occludes the horizon as it appears to set.  This event is construed to occur regardless of the visibility of the sun due to obscuring objects such as clouds.  There is a dusk which is contiguous-after each sunset.  Every daytime-hours is temporally-finished-by a sunset, as is every afternoon.")

;;; superconductor-resistance
(isa superconductor-resistance electrical-resistance)
(comment superconductor-resistance "A measurable physical attribute.  superconductor-resistance is the element of electrical-resistance that describes an object which has absolutely no resistance to the passage of electricity.  That level of resistance is found only in superconductors.")

;;; supply-company
(isa supply-company existing-object-type)
(genls supply-company organization-with-business-customers)
(comment supply-company "A collection of commercial organizations.  An element of supply-company is a company whose main-function is selling supplies to other companies.  For example, elements of electrical-supply-company or grocery wholesalers.")

;;; supposed-to-be-microtheory
(isa supposed-to-be-microtheory microtheory-type)
(genls supposed-to-be-microtheory microtheory)
(comment supposed-to-be-microtheory "The collection of microtheories that describe how things are 'supposed to be' according to some agent or agents.  This technique can be used to represent things like the policies of a company, the laws of a country, the tenets of a religion, the rules of proper conduct for employees of a particular corporation, etc.  The assertions in a supposed-to-be-microtheory may or may not describe the world as it actually is.  Examples: basic-western-legal-concepts-mt, sports-rules-of--boxing-sports-event, cyc-staff-calendar, and office-code-of-conduct-mt.")

;;; surface--abstract
(isa surface--abstract object-type)
(genls surface--abstract surface--generic)
(genls surface--abstract abstract-shape)
(comment surface--abstract "The collection of all abstract mathematical surfaces - not real physical ones that we can touch.")

;;; surface--generic
(isa surface--generic object-type)
(genls surface--generic spatial-thing)
(comment surface--generic "The collection of all surfaces (including surface--abstract and surface--physical); each is a spatial-thing that has extent in at least two dimensions, but either does not have a thickness (i.e. a two dimensional object) or has an insignificant thickness compared with its length and width (Note: if the object is a closed surface, e.g. an apple skin, any significant sub region must have insignificant thickness compared to its length and width).  Surfaces may be two or three dimensional, tangible or intangible.  Such a surface may be curved, folded, crumpled, or flat.  Thus a Euclidian two dimensional disc, a dinner plate, a crumpled sheet of paper, the top of a desk, a ribbon, and a basket ball's skin are exemplars of a surface--generic.  They may be spatially connected or not spatially connected.  Thus, both a frisbee and the Milky Way galaxy (as it appears in the sky) are exemples.  Negative exemplars include an entire basket ball (i.e. its skin plus the cavity inside), a planet, and a euclidian solid sphere. All of these are negative exemplars because thickness is not significantly smaller than length and width.  If an object has an area-of-object it must be a surface--generic.  If the object `has two sides' (e.g. a sheet of paper, a frisbee, but not texas--state or an inside-surface of a cave or room.  (See one-sided-vs-two-sided-object-note.) The areas on either side of a surface--generic are equal.")

;;; surface--physical
(isa surface--physical existing-object-type)
(genls surface--physical surface--generic)
(genls surface--physical partially-tangible)
(comment surface--physical "The collection of all of real physical (hence technically three-dimensional) surfaces.  The thickness of a surface--physical is much less than its average length or width, but it is not of zero thickness.  A Surface-Physical may have holes, tears, and may be unconnected, in multiple pieces.")

;;; surface-on-tangible-object
(isa surface-on-tangible-object region-type)
(genls surface-on-tangible-object sheet-of-some-stuff)
(genls surface-on-tangible-object surface--physical)
(comment surface-on-tangible-object "The collection of all physical surfaces (or portions or patches of surfaces) of tangible-things.")

;;; surgery
(isa surgery temporal-object-type)
(isa surgery default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa surgery product-type)
(genls surgery medical-care-event)
(comment surgery "A collection of actions.  An instance of surgery is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of the living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (a medical-treatment-event).  Examples of surgeries which are medical treatments include: removal of a foreign body, cancer, an organ that's causing trouble, etc.; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker); or repair of some internal structure.")

;;; surprise
(isa surprise feeling-attribute-type)
(genls surprise feeling-attribute)
(comment surprise "Impression due to something unexpected, unanticipated, or startling.  This is a collection; for an explanation of a typical feeling-attribute-type, see happiness.  Some more specialized feeling-attribute-types than surprise are disappointment and wonder--admiration.")

;;; suspension
(isa suspension existing-stuff-type)
(genls suspension mixture)
(comment suspension "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of mixture.  Each instance of suspension is a mixture which has exactly one suspending-fluid and at least one kind of suspended-part.  Each of the suspended-parts is an instance of particle, and there are a mob of them.  Some suspensions are fairly stable (e.g., mayonnaise), while others tend to separate quickly (e.g., sugar stirred into cold lemonade).  Other examples of suspension: a cloud, a spray of aerosol deodorant.")

;;; swallowing
(isa swallowing temporal-object-type)
(isa swallowing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls swallowing body-movement-event)
(genls swallowing biological-intake-event)
(genls swallowing bodily-function-event)
(comment swallowing "The collection of actions in which an animal moves a solid or a liquid from its mouth to its stomach.  A type of bodily-function-event as well as a type of body-movement-event.")

;;; switzerland
(isa switzerland independent-country)
(isa switzerland entity)
(comment switzerland "The nation of Switzerland as it has existed throughout time; includes both its physical and its political aspects.")

;;; symbolic-object
(isa symbolic-object existing-object-type)
(genls symbolic-object information-bearing-object)
(comment symbolic-object "A collection of objects.  Each element of symbolic-object by convention symbolizes some thing or event or achievement, without describing it propositionally in any detail.  Examples include national flags, military medals and ribbons, school colors, an Oscar, a Crucifix, a caduceus, trademark logos of commercial brands.  Elements of symbolic-object need not have propositional information contents; probably most do not.  Rather, symbolic objects are typically associated (by an informed interpreter) with the particular entities that originated or appropriated them.  To emotional interpreters, such as humans, symbolic objects are often evocative of certain attitudes associated with the entities symbolized--such as nationalism, respect, school spirit, hatred, reverence, etc.  Only some elements of symbolic-object have the primary-function of serving as symbols (e.g., national flags, war memorials); others are symbolic in a secondary capacity (e.g., a gravestone symbolizes death but its primary function is as a marker).  Some objects are created to serve a symbolic function (primary or secondary), while others acquire symbolic associations in the course of their `lifetimes' (e.g., San Juan Hill, Ellis Island).  Examples of symbolic-object: the arc-de-triomphe, the statue-of-liberty, the pyramid-of-cheops, the united-states-capitol-building (and other capitol buildings); a hangman's noose, a Menorah, a white dove, a black armband.")

;;; symmetric-anatomical-part-type
(isa symmetric-anatomical-part-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls symmetric-anatomical-part-type animal-body-part-type)
(genls symmetric-anatomical-part-type existing-object-type)
(comment symmetric-anatomical-part-type "A collection of collections.  Instances are types of anatomical-parts of bilaterally symmetrical organisms (organism--whole) which occur in bilaterally symmetric pairs.  This is not intended to include broader categories like tooth, rib--animal-body-part, or finger, but the specific parts of which the organism only has two (EyeTooth, FifthRib, or ring-finger).")

;;; symmetric-binary-predicate
(isa symmetric-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(isa symmetric-binary-predicate collection)
(genls symmetric-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(genls symmetric-binary-predicate commutative-relation)
(comment symmetric-binary-predicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of binary-predicate whose elements are all symmetric relations.  A predicate F is an element of symmetric-binary-predicate if and only if F is binary and (P X Y) implies (P Y X).  Examples: siblings, teammates, connected-to, borders-on.")

;;; symmetry-member-function
(isa symmetry-member-function relation-type)
(comment symmetry-member-function "The class of functions which return one member of a symmetric relation.  This class consists of left-fn and right-fn.")

;;; system-of-government
(isa system-of-government unordered-attribute-type)
(genls system-of-government attribute-value)
(comment system-of-government "A collection of attributes.  Each element of system-of-government is an attribute describing a type of government that a country might have.  Used with government-type.  Examples: democratic-government, monarchy, socialist-government, military-government.")

;;; tactile-sensor
(isa tactile-sensor existing-object-type)
(genls tactile-sensor sensor)
(comment tactile-sensor "A subset of sensor, namely those sensors that operate by coming into physical contact with the object being perceived.  tactile-sensors are capable of perceiving properties such as texture, hardness, roughness, etc.")

;;; taking-custody-of-animal
(isa taking-custody-of-animal script-type)
(isa taking-custody-of-animal temporal-object-type)
(genls taking-custody-of-animal transferring-possession)
(genls taking-custody-of-animal taking-something)
(comment taking-custody-of-animal "A collection of events.  In an instance of taking-custody-of-animal, an agent takes physical control of a (human or non-human) animal.  This collection includes trapping animals, kidnapping people (or animals), and also what the police do after they arrest a person for a crime.  The animal may or may not be taken alive.")

;;; taking-off-a-clothing-item
(isa taking-off-a-clothing-item temporal-object-type)
(isa taking-off-a-clothing-item default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls taking-off-a-clothing-item removing-something)
(genls taking-off-a-clothing-item human-activity)
(genls taking-off-a-clothing-item handling-an-object)
(comment taking-off-a-clothing-item "A collection of events.  Each element of taking-off-a-clothing-item is an event in which something being worn is removed, either by the wearer or by someone else (e.g., removing a child's boots or a horse's saddle).  After an element of taking-off-a-clothing-item occurs, the situation (an element of wearing-something) in which the item was being worn-on the body is over.")

;;; taking-something
(isa taking-something temporal-object-type)
(isa taking-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls taking-something gaining-user-rights)
(genls taking-something animal-activity)
(comment taking-something "A collection of events; a subset of gaining-user-rights.  In an instance of taking-something, an agent takes an object, in the sense of taking it away or using or exercising access to it.  The agent may or may not have any legal right or authorization to use that object.  In an instance of taking-something, the taker (the to-possessor) must intend and actively (attempt to) acquire the object-of-possession-transfer, so the taking event is intentional and thus, strictly speaking, performed-by the taker.")

;;; tangible-object-predicate
(isa tangible-object-predicate predicate-category)
(genls tangible-object-predicate process-predicate)
(comment tangible-object-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of tangible-object-predicate is a predicate used in assertions which describe the properties of tangible objects.  Examples: viscosity-of-substance, color-of-object, porosity-of-object, physical-build.")

;;; tangible-product
(isa tangible-product existing-stuff-type)
(isa tangible-product product-type)
(genls tangible-product tangible-thing)
(genls tangible-product product)
(genls tangible-product partially-tangible-product)
(comment tangible-product "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of tangible-product is a tangible object or tangible material that is exchanged for money or trade.  Tangible products are purely tangible and do not have an intangible component (cf. partially-tangible-product, partially-tangible).   tangible-product is the most general class of tangible products--everything from cotton swabs to coconut oil to F-16s belongs to this collection.")

;;; tangible-stuff-composition-type
(isa tangible-stuff-composition-type collection)
(genls tangible-stuff-composition-type existing-stuff-type)
(comment tangible-stuff-composition-type "A collection of collections.  Instances are collections of tangible-thing whose membership is based only on the physical and/or chemical composition of the elements, and not on any other property.  Thus tangible-stuff-composition-type does not have as elements any collections whose instances are determined by the physical state they are in.  For example, the collection water is an instance of tangible-stuff-composition-type: instances of water are all pieces of substance with the chemical composition H20.   On the other hand , the collection of all pieces of ice [i.e., (solid-fn water)] is not a tangible-stuff-composition-type, because membership in the collection of ice depends not solely on the substance's composition, but also on its physical state.  More sample instances of tangible-stuff-composition-type:  the collections nylon, gasoline-fuel, cottage-cheese, fatty-tissue, baby-powder, nitrogen, and glass.")

;;; tangible-stuff-state-type
(isa tangible-stuff-state-type collection)
(genls tangible-stuff-state-type existing-stuff-type)
(comment tangible-stuff-state-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of tangible-stuff-state-type is a collection of all pieces of tangible stuff that are associated with only a single physical state (i.e., structural phase).  This includes collections both (1) of substances which exist only in one state (e.g., diamond) and (2) of stuff which by definition has a certain state (e.g., ice, or gels of any composition).  Thus, ice, water vapor, and liquid water--i.e., (liquid-fn water)--would be represented by a tangible-stuff-state-type.  Water itself, however, can exist in all three states; thus, the collection water, which includes all instances of water regardless of state, is NOT a tangible-stuff-state-type.  Elements of tangible-stuff-state-type include the collections solid-tangible-thing, air, powder, gel, paste, and many others.  Any of the Cyc functions solid-fn, liquid-fn, or gaseous-fn can be used to create a collection which isa tangible-stuff-state-type.")

;;; tangible-substance-predicate
(isa tangible-substance-predicate predicate-category)
(genls tangible-substance-predicate tangible-object-predicate)
(comment tangible-substance-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of tangible-substance-predicate is a predicate that is used to specify or describe the properties (usually physical properties) of tangible substances.  Examples: state-of-matter, freezing-point, physical-structural-integrity, soluble-in.")

;;; tangible-thing
(isa tangible-thing existing-object-type)
(genls tangible-thing partially-tangible)
(comment tangible-thing "The collection of things which are made of some sort of matter and whose nature is primarily material--in the sense that they do not have important non-physical properties (such as encoded information).  (Compare partially-tangible.)  tangible-thing includes chemical compounds, natural objects (and their parts), tangible artifacts and man-made materials (but see information-bearing-object).  Collections that are specializations of tangible-thing may be elements of existing-object-type or existing-stuff-type (qq.v.), or of neither.  
Note: tangible-thing has the genls partially-tangible in the base-k-b, so its elements are NOT generally excluded from having intangible aspects; however, material things which do have important non-physical aspects should be elements of partially-tangible instead.  Moreover, note that in some contexts, all instances of this collection must be 100% tangible and have no intangible aspects (i.e., it is disjoint-with partially-tangible).")

;;; tank--vehicle
(isa tank--vehicle product-type)
(isa tank--vehicle existing-object-type)
(genls tank--vehicle transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls tank--vehicle weapon)
(genls tank--vehicle land-transportation-device)
(comment tank--vehicle "The collection of all tanks, armored vehicles designed for military purposes, with mounted guns, heavy armor, and often tracked wheels.")

;;; tanker-ship
(isa tanker-ship product-type)
(isa tanker-ship existing-object-type)
(genls tanker-ship transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls tanker-ship cargo-ship)
(comment tanker-ship "The subcollection of CargoShip that contains all tankers, i.e., ships that by design can transport large amount of liquid or gas materials.")

;;; taste-perception
(isa taste-perception temporal-stuff-type)
(isa taste-perception default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls taste-perception perceiving)
(comment taste-perception "The collection of sensory perceivings in which a perceptual-agent tastes some object, by means of the appropriate sensor, and thereby acquires information about it.")

;;; taxonomic-slot
(isa taxonomic-slot predicate-category)
(genls taxonomic-slot binary-predicate)
(comment taxonomic-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of taxonomic-slot is a binary predicate used in assertions indicating the position of a Cyc constant in one of Cyc's taxonomies (for collections, events, etc.).  Examples: isa, genls, partitioned-into, co-extensional, disjoint-with, has-members, sub-belief-system, sub-goals.")

;;; taxonomic-slot-for-any-unit
(isa taxonomic-slot-for-any-unit predicate-category)
(genls taxonomic-slot-for-any-unit taxonomic-slot)
(comment taxonomic-slot-for-any-unit "A collection of predicates; a subset of taxonomic-slot.  Each element of taxonomic-slot-for-any-unit is a binary predicate that may be used to define the taxonomy of instances; i.e., the collection of binary predicates applicable to any term.  Examples: isa, generalizations.")

;;; taxonomic-slot-for-collections
(isa taxonomic-slot-for-collections predicate-category)
(genls taxonomic-slot-for-collections taxonomic-slot)
(comment taxonomic-slot-for-collections "A collection of predicates; a subset of taxonomic-slot. Each element of taxonomic-slot-for-collections is a binary predicate used to form assertions that define the taxonomy of collections.  Examples: genls, partitioned-into, co-extensional, covering, disjoint-with.")

;;; teaching
(isa teaching temporal-object-type)
(isa teaching default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls teaching animal-activity)
(genls teaching communicating)
(genls teaching service-event)
(comment teaching "One agent imparting learned knowledge to another.  This may have sub-events of the student asking or responding to questions, but the teacher is the primary performer.")

;;; teeth-cleaning
(isa teeth-cleaning temporal-object-type)
(isa teeth-cleaning default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls teeth-cleaning medical-care-event)
(genls teeth-cleaning diagnosing-and-repairing-something)
(genls teeth-cleaning cleaning)
(genls teeth-cleaning single-doer-action)
(comment teeth-cleaning "A collection of events.  In each teeth-cleaning event, an animal's teeth are cleaned.  In order to distinguish, e.g., professional teeth cleaning by a dental technician from daily personal care, different microtheories are used.  Consider just the frequencies of performing this action: in the human-activities-mt, where a person brushes their own teeth as a subevent of daily-personal-cleaning, this occurs once or twice per day.  In the provider-of-service-perspective-mt, that is from the dental hygienist's point of view, it occurs about ten times per day.  In the recipient-of-service-perspective-mt, that is from the point of view of someone going to get their teeth cleaned at a dentist's office, it happens a couple times per year.")

;;; temperate-climate-cycle
(isa temperate-climate-cycle climate-cycle-type)
(genls temperate-climate-cycle annual-climate-cycle)
(comment temperate-climate-cycle "A collection of annual climate cycles.  Each element of temperate-climate-cycle is a year-long event consisting of weather occurring (typically) in terrestrial regions between (roughly) the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere.  Characteristics of a temperate climate include: four distinguishable seasons, Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter, with variations in temperature and precipitation; overall moderate precipitation.")

;;; temperature
(isa temperature fundamental-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls temperature scalar-interval)
(genls temperature physical-attribute)
(comment temperature "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of temperature is an amount of heat in a particular instance of partially-tangible.  Elements of temperature may be either a fixed interval, such as 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or a range, such as human-habitable-temperature.  See unit-of-temperature for the units used by Cyc to measure temperatures.")

;;; temperature-changing-process
(isa temperature-changing-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa temperature-changing-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls temperature-changing-process intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls temperature-changing-process composite-physical-and-mental-event)
(comment temperature-changing-process "A collection of events.  Each temperature-changing-process is an event which has, as one of its significant effects, changing the temperature of some object.  E.g., cooking-food is a subset of this collection.  A particular event in which somone uses a soldering iron to connect a resistor to a circuit board would be an element of this collection.  Note that a change in temperature is one of the kinds of intrinsic change which an object can undergo; i.e., temperature-changing-process is a subset of intrinsic-state-change-event.")

;;; temporal-object-type
(isa temporal-object-type collection)
(genls temporal-object-type object-type)
(comment temporal-object-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of each element of temporal-object-type is temporally object-like.  Take an element of temporal-object-type -- say COL.  Take an element of that -- say OBJ.  Imagine making a videotape of OBJ.  Now play back just a small piece of that videotape.  It won't be an element of COL.  E.g., COL could be the set of events in which an orange is cut into quarters.  Say a videotape of that has been made of one such event, which lasted thirty seconds.  Now imagine some 5-second excerpt of that videotape.  That, in turn, is not a videotape of someone cutting up an orange into four pieces.  So the collection of all orange-quartering events is itself an element of temporal-object-type; it is NOT an element of temporal-stuff-type (q.v.).



If a collection COL isa temporal-object-type, it is reasonable to state axioms about temporally extrinsic properties of COL's instances -- properties such as duration, distance, cost, etc.  E.g., it makes sense to talk about the duration of a particular event in which an orange is quartered.")

;;; temporal-part-slot
(isa temporal-part-slot predicate-category)
(genls temporal-part-slot binary-predicate)
(genls temporal-part-slot non-physical-part-predicate)
(comment temporal-part-slot "A collection of predicates.  Each element of temporal-part-slot is a binary predicate used to relate two things which have temporal extent, asserting either that one thing is a temporal part of the second thing, or that one thing is a temporal composite that includes the second thing.  Examples: developmental-stages, sub-events, first-sub-events, sub-abstrac, manufacturing-steps, before-actors, after-actors.")

;;; temporal-relation
(isa temporal-relation predicate-category)
(genls temporal-relation extensional-representation-predicate)
(genls temporal-relation binary-predicate)
(comment temporal-relation "temporal-relations specify relative positions of temporal-things in time.  primitive-temporal-relations (such as after) interrelate time points, and complex-temporal-relations (such as post-events and later-sub-abstractions) interrelate more complicated temporal objects such as a pair of events, a pair of tangible objects, etc.")
(synonymous-external-concept temporal-relation s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-RELATION")

;;; temporal-stuff-type
(isa temporal-stuff-type collection)
(genls temporal-stuff-type stuff-type)
(comment temporal-stuff-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of each element of temporal-stuff-type is temporally substance-like.  Consider, e.g., animal-walking-process, the set of all walking events.  Consider a particular walking event.  Videotape it.  Play back a few seconds of that videotape, showing one of many time-slices of the original walking event.  That shorter video is still clearly going to be a video of a walking event.  So the collection animal-walking-process (the set of all walking events) is an element of temporal-stuff-type; it is NOT an element of temporal-object-type (q.v.).



Of course, there is a granule-of-time for animal-walking-process, namely, taking-a-step, such that any time-slices shorter than that are likely not to be considered real walking events.   This is analogous to granule-size for physical substance types such as peanut butter (the granules there are a peanut piece, a glob of peanut oil, etc.) or wood (the granule there is an individual plant cell).



More esoterically, consider a time slice of a person.   `Albert Einstein while at Princeton' was still a person.  So person (the set of all people) is an element of temporal-stuff-type.  All tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this fashion.



If a collection COL isa temporal-stuff-type, it is reasonable to state axioms about the temporally intrinsic properties of COL's instances --- properties such as rate of speed, cost per pound, kinds of actors, etc.")

;;; temporal-thing
(isa temporal-thing temporal-stuff-type)
(isa temporal-thing collection)
(genls temporal-thing individual)
(comment temporal-thing "temporal-thing is the collection of all things which have a particular temporal extent, things about which one might sensibly ask `When?'.  temporal-thing therefore includes many things, such as actions, tangible objects, agreements, and abstract pieces of time. Some things are NOT instances of temporal-thing because they are abstract, timeless, etc. -- such as a mathematical set, an attribute, an integer, etc.")

;;; temporally-disjoint-interval-type
(isa temporally-disjoint-interval-type collection)
(genls temporally-disjoint-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(comment temporally-disjoint-interval-type "(isa ?X temporally-disjoint-interval-type) means that any two distinct instances of ?X are temporally-disjoint.  It is true that (isa wednesday temporally-disjoint-interval-type because no Wednesday can temporally intersect any other (distinct) Wednesday.  [See also mutually-disjoint-interval-collection.]")

;;; temporary-change-of-user-rights
(isa temporary-change-of-user-rights default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls temporary-change-of-user-rights change-in-user-rights)
(genls temporary-change-of-user-rights transaction)
(comment temporary-change-of-user-rights "A collection of events; a subset of change-in-user-rights.  In an instance of temporary-change-of-user-rights, one agent temporarily gives up user rights over some object (see user-rights-attribute), while another agent temporarily gains some user rights over that object.  This occurs in renting, loaning, or sharing of things.")

;;; temporary-work
(isa temporary-work work-status)
(comment temporary-work "An attribute; an element of work-status.  The attribute of being a temporary worker for an organization.")

;;; tender-object
(isa tender-object existing-object-type)
(genls tender-object liquid-asset)
(genls tender-object composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(comment tender-object "A collection of  objects.  Each element of tender-object is an item presented  by an agent in instances of paying or spending.  Typical examples include cash, checks, credit cards, travellers's checks.  Unusual but possible tender objects could be gold, goats, or golf balls.")

;;; tensile-strength
(isa tensile-strength derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls tensile-strength scalar-interval)
(genls tensile-strength physical-attribute)
(comment tensile-strength "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of tensile-strength describes a specific capacity of a physical object to be deformed.  The higher the deformability, the lower the force required to deform the object.  Different tensile strengths may be represented using a generic-value-function.  Tensile strengths of objects are indicated with the predicate tensile-strength-of-substance.")

;;; terminal-physiological-condition
(isa terminal-physiological-condition physiological-condition-type)
(genls terminal-physiological-condition life-threatening-condition)
(comment terminal-physiological-condition "A collection of ailments which are distinguished by the shared characteristic that if left untreated, those ailments will certainly cause a patient to die -- and may eventually do so despite treatment.  Subsets of this collection include: diabetes, cancer, botulism, and rabies.
Note that this does not mean: `are 100% likely to lead to death if untreated'.  It does not mean `the organism will not seek treatment elsewhere,.  Also note that this is somewhat context dependent.")

;;; ternary-predicate
(isa ternary-predicate relation-type)
(isa ternary-predicate collection)
(genls ternary-predicate predicate)
(comment ternary-predicate "ternary-predicate is the collection of all Cyc predicates which take three arguments.")

;;; terrain-attribute
(isa terrain-attribute attribute-type)
(genls terrain-attribute attribute-value)
(comment terrain-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of terrain-attribute is an attribute used for describing the terrain in a geographic region.  Examples: rocky, sandy, rugged-terrain, desertlike, snow-covered, mountainous.")

;;; terrestrial-direction
(isa terrestrial-direction object-type)
(genls terrestrial-direction unit-vector-interval)
(comment terrestrial-direction "The collection of directions used to describe the orientation of objects on or near the surface of the Earth.  Includes terrestrial directions related to compass points (e.g., east--directly) and to the gravitational vector (e.g., down--directly, vertical-direction).  Note that assertions in different terrestrial contexts can be inconsistent in a neutral context: East in China points in a different direction than East in New York!")

;;; terrestrial-frame-of-reference
(isa terrestrial-frame-of-reference frame-of-reference)
(comment terrestrial-frame-of-reference "The terrestrial frame of reference is the unique individual frame-of-reference that generally regards the surface of the planet-earth as fixed in the background space.  It permits fixed notions of vertical-orientation and horizontal-orientation.  There are multiple standard coordinate systems based on the terrestrial-frame-of-reference, including latitude and longitude, Earth-Centered Cartesian, and others.  Various local frames of reference and coordinate systems assume the terrestrial-frame-of-reference.")

;;; terrestrial-organism
(isa terrestrial-organism organism-type-by-habitat)
(genls terrestrial-organism organism--whole)
(comment terrestrial-organism "The collection of organisms adapted to life on land, out of water.  Elements of terrestrial-organism spend all or most of their time out of the water, in air, either on the land surface or under it.  terrestrial-organism includes, for example, members of its subsets elephant, ladybug, bird, person, etc.")

;;; territory
(isa territory existing-object-type)
(genls territory controlled-land)
(genls territory country-subsidiary)
(comment territory "A collection of geopolitical entities.  Each element of territory is a geopolitical region which is distinct from, but dependent on and controlled by, another geopolitical entity.  Examples: puerto-rico, british-antarctic-territory, galapagos-islands, ryukyu-islands.")

;;; text-group
(isa text-group object-type)
(genls text-group character-string)
(comment text-group "A collection of character-strings. Each element of text-group is a character-string which forms a 'natural' or meaningful group, above the  level of a word. Thus, 'erq2' would be a character string, but not a text group, whereas the sentence you are now reading is a text group, as is a paragraph, etc. Note that a TextGroup is the abstract sequence of symbols, not the tangible encoding of them.")
(synonymous-external-concept text-group s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEXT-GROUP")

;;; text-microtheory
(isa text-microtheory object-type)
(isa text-microtheory microtheory-type)
(genls text-microtheory propositional-information-thing)
(comment text-microtheory "The collection of Microtheories each of which contains assertions that convey the information content of a particular text.  The propositional content of a text is a propositional-information-thing, and it forms a text-microtheory.")

;;; textile-product
(isa textile-product existing-object-type)
(isa textile-product product-type)
(genls textile-product artifact)
(genls textile-product solid-tangible-product)
(comment textile-product "A collection of tangible products.  Each element of textile-product is a product made by spinning, weaving, knitting, wrapping, pressing, or other processes used to form fibers into usable materials such as cloth or line.   Examples include elements of the subsets yarn, rope, and cotton-cloth.")

;;; textual-material
(isa textual-material existing-object-type)
(genls textual-material information-bearing-thing)
(comment textual-material "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of textual-material is an IBT whose informational content is encoded in some instance of communication-convention which is a linear symbolic language; e.g., a newspaper printed in English written with the Roman alphabet; a book printed in English using Braille; or a poster written in Chinese using characters.  Textual material always includes some physical representation of one or more elements of character-string (which are abstract).  Textual materials may be tangible objects, such as newspapers, but also may include intangibles such as patterns of light projecting words onto a wall.  The subsets of textual-material are multifarious, including, e.g., grocery-list, w2-form, restaurant-menu, grant-proposal, will-and-testament, business-card, musical-text, balance-sheet--document.")

;;; the-covering
(isa the-covering variable-arity-relation)
(isa the-covering reifiable-function)
(result-isa the-covering set--mathematical)
(args-isa the-covering set-or-collection)
(comment the-covering "This is a special variable-arity reifiable-function that allows one to specify a set of collections or mathematical sets which cover a given set or collection, in order to conveniently state assertions about covering (see covering).  For example, the fact that the collection creation-or-destruction-event is covered by the collections creation-event and destruction-event can be expressed as (covering creation-or-destruction-event (the-covering creation-event destruction-event)).")

;;; the-empty-set
(isa the-empty-set set--mathematical)
(comment the-empty-set "the-empty-set is the empty set, i.e., the set that has no element and is sometimes called the null.  Note that the-empty-set is not an instance of collection.")

;;; the-partition
(isa the-partition variable-arity-relation)
(isa the-partition reifiable-function)
(result-isa the-partition set--mathematical)
(result-isa the-partition disjoint-set-or-collection)
(args-isa the-partition set-or-collection)
(comment the-partition "This is a special variable-arity reifiable-function that allows one to specify a set of collections or mathematical sets which partition a given set or collection, in order to conveniently state assertions about partitioning (see partitioned-into).  For example, the fact that the collection whale is partitioned into the collections baleen-whale and toothed-whale can be expressed as (partitioned-into whale (the-partition baleen-whale toothed-whale)).")

;;; the-set
(isa the-set commutative-relation)
(isa the-set variable-arity-relation)
(isa the-set non-predicate-function)
(result-isa the-set set--mathematical)
(args-isa the-set thing)
(comment the-set "(the-set E1 E2 ... En) denotes the set--mathematical consisting of the elements E1 through En.  the-set is a variable arity relation, taking one or more arguments.  All the arguments must be ground terms; variables are not allowed.")

;;; the-start-of-the-common-era
(isa the-start-of-the-common-era time-point)
(comment the-start-of-the-common-era "This is the instant of time between the years BC and AD.")

;;; the-term
(isa the-term collection)
(genls the-term thing)
(comment the-term "A special kind of term that allows back-reference to any individual thing that satisfies the constraints on the the-term.  E.g., 'Suppose a cat walks into a fish store.  The cat is likely to get into a lot of trouble.'  'The cat' in the second sentence refers back to 'a cat' in the first; i.e., any cat that walks into a fish store.  In Cyc, the constraints for a the-term in a given context are given by use of the predicate the-term-constraints on the unit representing that context.  In lifting assertions out of that context, the constraints are added as antecedents.")

;;; thermal-conductivity
(isa thermal-conductivity primitive-attribute-type)
(genls thermal-conductivity physical-attribute)
(genls thermal-conductivity scalar-interval)
(comment thermal-conductivity "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of thermal-conductivity represents a specific ability of some physical object to conduct heat; e.g., conducts-heat-poorly, conducts-some-heat, conducts-heat-well.  An individual object's thermal-conductivity is indicated with the predicate thermal-conductivity-of-object.")

;;; thing
(isa thing collection)
(comment thing "thing is the universal set:  the collection of everything!  Every Cyc constant in the Knowledge Base is a member of this collection; in the prefix notation of the language CycL, we express that fact as (isa CONST thing).  Thus, too, every collection in the Knowledge Base is a subset of the collection thing; in CycL, we express that fact as (genls COL thing).  See isa and genls for further explanation of those relationships.  



Note:  There are even a few collections, such as character-string and integer, which have a defn-sufficient that recognizes non-constants (such as strings and numbers) as instances of thing.")
(synonymous-external-concept thing s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OB-THING")

;;; thinking
(isa thinking temporal-stuff-type)
(isa thinking default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls thinking mental-event)
(comment thinking "A collection of events; a subset of mental-event.  Each element of thinking is a mental process in the most general sense, involving the acquisition, modification, and/or synthesis of ideas.  Theorizing, remembering, inventing something, free associating, and dreaming are all examples of thinking.")
(overlapping-external-concept thinking s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COGNITION")

;;; three-dimensional-shape
(isa three-dimensional-shape shape-type)
(genls three-dimensional-shape geometric-thing)
(comment three-dimensional-shape "A collection of shapes 
that exist in 3 (but not less than 3) dimensions. Some
elements of this are basic geometrical shapes, e.g.,
instances of sphere-shape and cone-shape, but can also
include irregular shapes, such as the region from the
surface of Russia extending 2 miles up.")
(synonymous-external-concept three-dimensional-shape s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "THREE-D-LOCATION")

;;; three-dimensional-shape-type
(isa three-dimensional-shape-type collection)
(genls three-dimensional-shape-type shape-type)
(comment three-dimensional-shape-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of three-dimensional-shape-type is a collection of things which are subsets of three-dimensional-shape.  Examples: cylinder-shape, rectangular3-d-shape, humanlike-body-shape.")

;;; three-story-building
(isa three-story-building existing-object-type)
(genls three-story-building building)
(comment three-story-building "Collection of all three story buildings.")

;;; time--quantity
(isa time--quantity collection)
(isa time--quantity fundamental-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls time--quantity scalar-interval)
(genls time--quantity physical-attribute)
(comment time--quantity "time--quantity is a physical 
quantity possessed by temporal-things.  An event transpires 
over a certain amount of time--quantity, a something-existing 
exists for a lifetime which is a certain amount of time--quantity,
 and of course an abstract time-interval has a duration which 
is a certain amount of time--quantity.   The standard unit of 
time--quantity in Cyc is seconds-duration (qv) but there can 
be and are many other ways to specify an amount of time; e.g., 
with other unit-of-measure instances such as weeks-duration 
and years-duration, and with reified quantities of (instances 
of) time--quantity such as long-time, immediately, 
a-few-decades-duration, etc.")
(synonymous-external-concept time--quantity s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AGE")

;;; time-interval
(isa time-interval temporal-stuff-type)
(genls time-interval intangible-individual)
(genls time-interval temporal-thing)
(comment time-interval "time-interval is a subset of temporal-thing.  Each time-interval can be characterized fully just by specifying its temporal attributes.  Anything which has a temporal extent is an instance of temporal-thing, but if that is essentially ALL that it has, then it is also a time-interval.  For example, `the year 1967' is a just a time-interval: although many interesting things happened during that year, the year itself is completely defined by its temporal extent.  `Neil Armstrong Walking on the Moon' is an event, not a time-interval, since it would be defined by many non-temporal assertions. And of course, `Neil Armstrong' is a something-existing, not a time-interval, but like all instances of something-existing, he does have temporal extent and is therefore a temporal-thing.  One could, in principle, separately reify (name) the time-interval which is the period of existence of any something-existing, or the period of time during which any event occurred, but in practice that is rarely useful.  Since they all have an implicit time-interval associated with them, any predicates which one might apply to time intervals can also be applied to a football game, a football, etc.  E.g., we can talk about the starting-point of a football game, or for that matter the starting-point of the football itself (the moment of its creation).")
(synonymous-external-concept time-interval s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL")

;;; time-interval-from-fn
(isa time-interval-from-fn individual-denoting-function)
(isa time-interval-from-fn reifiable-function)
(result-isa time-interval-from-fn time-interval)
(arg1-isa time-interval-from-fn temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa time-interval-from-fn temporal-thing)
(comment time-interval-from-fn "(time-interval-from-fn ?X ?Y) returns the time interval between ?X and ?Y.  The starting-point of that interval is the ending-point of ?X, and the ending-point of that interval is the starting-point of ?Y.  It must be true that ?Y starts after ?X ends; i.e., (starts-after-ending-of ?Y ?X).")

;;; time-of-day
(isa time-of-day temporal-object-type)
(genls time-of-day time-interval)
(comment time-of-day "The collection of all temporal intervals marking times of the day.  This includes the twenty-four clock hours, and also longer and shorter pieces of time.")

;;; time-of-day--a-m
(isa time-of-day--a-m time-of-day-type)
(genls time-of-day--a-m time-of-day)
(comment time-of-day--a-m "The collection of half-days from Midnight to Noon.  See calendar-day.")

;;; time-of-day--p-m
(isa time-of-day--p-m time-of-day-type)
(genls time-of-day--p-m time-of-day)
(comment time-of-day--p-m "The collection of half-days from Noon to Midnight.  See calendar-day.")

;;; time-of-day-type
(isa time-of-day-type collection)
(genls time-of-day-type conventional-classification-type)
(genls time-of-day-type temporal-object-type)
(comment time-of-day-type "A collection of collections, whose elements are some class of time of day, such as time-of-day--p-m, time-of-day-9-a-m, time-of-day--midnight-hour, and so on.")

;;; time-point
(isa time-point temporal-object-type)
(genls time-point time-interval)
(comment time-point "A time-point is a piece of time which has an infinitely small duration.  In Cyc's basic representation of time, all time is like an infinite straight line, and any time-point is like a point on that line.  Many temporal attributes of a temporal-thing may be described in terms of time points; e.g., its starting-point.  A time-point can also be contextual, such as now.")
(synonymous-external-concept time-point s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME-POINT")
(synonymous-external-concept time-point s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ZERO-D-TIME")

;;; times-fn
(isa times-fn function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(isa times-fn commutative-relation)
(isa times-fn variable-arity-relation)
(result-isa times-fn scalar-interval)
(args-isa times-fn scalar-interval)
(comment times-fn "times-fn is the multiplication operator, a mathematical function.  times-fn takes a variable number of quantities as arguments, and it yields a new quantity which is the result of multiplying the arguments together.  (times-fn 2 3 4) returns 24.  See also variable-arity-relation.")

;;; times-per-day
(isa times-per-day unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa times-per-day unit-of-frequency)
(result-isa times-per-day frequency)
(result-isa times-per-day rate)
(result-isa times-per-day scalar-interval)
(args-isa times-per-day cyc-system-real-number)
(comment times-per-day "Times per day -- unit of frequency")

;;; times-per-minute
(isa times-per-minute unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa times-per-minute unit-of-frequency)
(result-isa times-per-minute frequency)
(result-isa times-per-minute rate)
(result-isa times-per-minute scalar-interval)
(args-isa times-per-minute cyc-system-real-number)
(comment times-per-minute "Times per minute -- unit of frequency")

;;; times-per-second
(isa times-per-second unit-of-frequency)
(isa times-per-second unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa times-per-second frequency)
(result-isa times-per-second scalar-interval)
(result-isa times-per-second rate)
(args-isa times-per-second cyc-system-real-number)
(comment times-per-second "A Cyc function, times-per-second represents a unit-of-frequency.  (times-per-second NUMBER) denotes the frequency NUMBER times per second.  Note that this is more general than a representation of cycles per second, for which the appropriate unit-of-frequency is hertz.")

;;; times-per-week
(isa times-per-week unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa times-per-week unit-of-frequency)
(result-isa times-per-week frequency)
(result-isa times-per-week rate)
(result-isa times-per-week scalar-interval)
(args-isa times-per-week cyc-system-real-number)
(comment times-per-week "Times per week -- unit of frequency")

;;; times-per-year
(isa times-per-year unit-of-frequency)
(isa times-per-year unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(result-isa times-per-year frequency)
(result-isa times-per-year rate)
(result-isa times-per-year scalar-interval)
(args-isa times-per-year cyc-system-real-number)
(comment times-per-year "A Cyc function, times-per-year is a unit-of-frequency.  (times-per-year NUMBER) denotes a frequency NUMBER times per year.")

;;; title
(isa title linguistic-object-type)
(genls title linguistic-object)
(comment title "The collection of all titles: proper nouns (noun phrases) that relate to a person's status and/or function/role in an organization.  E.g., senior-vice-president--title, member-of-technical-staff--title, reverend--title, father--title, miss, etc.  Note that this concept is not (closely) related to the title of a book or work of art, nor to the nicknames for a place, etc.")

;;; tool
(isa tool existing-object-type)
(genls tool solid-tangible-thing)
(genls tool physical-device)
(comment tool "A collection of devices; a subset of 
physical-device.  An instance of 
tool is a device which is used by people to 
manipulate and/or alter other objects or the immediate
environment in some way (hence, it does not include
pom-poms). tools are also typically guided by
their user during use (see device--user-guided)
and can be used more than once (and is thus 
disjoint with the collection device--one-time-use).
tool includes 
devices used in many different activities.  
A sampling of subsets shows some of that variety: 
woodworking-tool, carpentry-tool, plumbing-tool, 
medical-tool, cleaning-implement, writing-implement.")

;;; top-side
(isa top-side region-type)
(genls top-side side)
(comment top-side "The collection of all the entire top sides (as conventionally understood) of all objects that have distinct sides, one of which faces up.")

;;; topographical-feature
(isa topographical-feature existing-object-type)
(genls topographical-feature outdoor-location)
(genls topographical-feature surface-on-tangible-object)
(comment topographical-feature "A collection of geographical regions.  Each element of topographical-feature is a three dimensional feature of a planet's surface, typically with boundaries defined by formations of rock, dirt, water, etc., or by significant changes in elevation.  Some important subsets include the collections mountain, mountain-range, peninsula, harbor, shoreline, arroyo.  Collections of regions defined by the presence of human artifacts (e.g., city-skyline) or ecological characteristics (e.g., forest--wild) do NOT belong among the subsets of topographical-feature.  Examples of topographical-feature: kyushu-island--japan, saint-thomas--island, lake-erie, victoria-falls, malay-peninsula.")

;;; torso
(isa torso unique-anatomical-part-type)
(isa torso animal-body-part-type)
(genls torso biological-living-object)
(genls torso animal-body-part)
(comment torso "The collection of all animal torsos.  A torso is the main portion of the animal's body, generally located centrally,
and one can conceive of an animal as a torso to which are connected the head and various appendages which together make up the entire animal.")

;;; totally-ordered-set
(isa totally-ordered-set object-type)
(genls totally-ordered-set partially-ordered-set)
(comment totally-ordered-set "The collection of all totally ordered sets (also called linearly ordered sets, strict linear orders, or directed chains), each being a set-with-structure consisting of a set together with an ordering relation on that set.   Mathematical lists, directed chains, finite sequences, infinite series, and number lines are special cases of totally-ordered-set.  The ordering relation is defined on the associated set, and is transitive on that set, irreflexive on that set, and asymmetric on that set.   Sometimes the members of the totally-ordered-set are called its nodes, and, for the discrete case, the pairwise relations between the adjacent nodes are called the links.  A totally-ordered-set may be finite or infinite, and if infinite, it may or may not have a starting end.  (Note: A totally-ordered-set is not a set-or-collection, rather it is a set-with-structure that has an associated set-or-collection.)")

;;; touch-perception
(isa touch-perception temporal-stuff-type)
(isa touch-perception default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls touch-perception perceiving)
(genls touch-perception physical-contact-situation)
(comment touch-perception "The collection of sensory-perceptual events (perceivings) in which a perceptual-agent perceives (acquires information) by touch.")

;;; train--transportation-device
(isa train--transportation-device product-type)
(isa train--transportation-device existing-object-type)
(genls train--transportation-device transportation-device--vehicle)
(genls train--transportation-device container-product)
(genls train--transportation-device land-transportation-device)
(comment train--transportation-device "The collection of all trains, the transportation devices that run on railways and consist of multiple train-cars coupled together.")

;;; train-car
(isa train-car product-type)
(isa train-car existing-object-type)
(genls train-car land-transportation-device)
(genls train-car container-product)
(comment train-car "The collection of train cars (or train carriages), non-motored wheeled vehicles that run on railways.  When they are to be moved they are coupled together to form trains pulled by train engines.  There are freight TrainCars, and passenger TrainCars for transporting people.")

;;; train-engine
(isa train-engine existing-object-type)
(isa train-engine product-type)
(genls train-engine powered-device)
(genls train-engine mechanical-device)
(genls train-engine land-transportation-device)
(comment train-engine "The collection of all train engines, each being a fuel-powered, non-steerable, wheeled vehicle that runs on railway tracks, and has enough power to pull or push a group of train-cars with it.")

;;; transaction
(isa transaction temporal-object-type)
(isa transaction default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls transaction purposeful-action)
(genls transaction social-occurrence)
(comment transaction "Transaction is the collection of events performed by agents cooperating (willingly) under some agreement, each performing actions in exchange for the actions of the other. 
Note:  Attack/counterattack in warfare is not a transaction.  Neither is fortuitous cooperation without agreement, such as a set of investors who, unknown to each other, all buy the same stock almost at once, and end up driving its price up.  On the other hand, if you see agents acting to mutual benefit, it's not a bad strategy to guess that there is some agreement between them.
Note: The word 'transaction' often means an exchange of user rights (to goods and/or money) between agents; see exchange-of-user-rights for that concept.  transaction is a more general concept, and is a superset of exchange-of-user-rights.")

;;; transfer-in
(isa transfer-in temporal-object-type)
(genls transfer-in generalized-transfer)
(comment transfer-in "A collection of events.  transfer-in includes all generalized-transfers for which there is a well-defined to--generic, but not necessarily a from--generic.  This includes, among other things, collection-event, gaining-user-rights, and accessing-an-i-b-t.  At the end of a transfer-in, transferred-thing is 'loccated' at the to--generic.  Some negative examples of transfer-out are abandoning-something (when there is no prospective owner) and i-b-t-generation (when the information may go to various unspecified locations.")

;;; transfer-out
(isa transfer-out temporal-object-type)
(genls transfer-out generalized-transfer)
(comment transfer-out "A collection of events.  transfer-out includes all generalized-transfers for which there is a well-defined from--generic, but not necessarily a to--generic.  This includes, among other things, emission, losing-user-rights, and distribution-event.  At the start of a transfer-out, transferred-thing is 'loccated' at the from--generic.  Some negative examples of transfer-out are appropriating-something (when there is no previous owner) and hearing (when the sounds may come from various unspecified locations.")

;;; transferring-ownership
(isa transferring-ownership temporal-object-type)
(isa transferring-ownership default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls transferring-ownership transferring-possession)
(comment transferring-ownership "A collection of events; a subset of transferring-possession.  In an instance of transferring-ownership, a transfer of ownership occurs.  This means that in such an event there is a transfer from one agent to another of full-use-rights and exclusive-user-rights (over the object-of-possession-transfer).  Often there is some `consideration' for this transfer, of course --- see exchange-of-user-rights.")

;;; transferring-possession
(isa transferring-possession default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa transferring-possession temporal-object-type)
(genls transferring-possession social-occurrence)
(genls transferring-possession gaining-user-rights)
(genls transferring-possession losing-user-rights)
(comment transferring-possession "A collection of events.  In an instance of transferring-possession, the possession of a single object (i.e., the object-of-possession-transfer) is transferred from one agent to another.  Thus, a transferring-possession event alters the rights of TWO different agents to use the object in question; one agent loses some user-rights-attribute over it, while the other agent gains some user-rights-attribute over it.  Each transferring-possession event is both a losing-user-rights event and a gaining-user-rights event.
Note:  In buying events, bartering events, renting events, TWO such transferring-possessions occur, because there are TWO objects which transfer possession.  For example, in buying a car, the right to use the buyer's money is transferred to the auto seller, while the ownership of the car is transferred to the buyer.  Both of the transferring-possession events (one for each object) are sub-events of the instance of buying, renting, etc.  See exchange-of-user-rights.")

;;; transformation-event
(isa transformation-event script-type)
(isa transformation-event temporal-object-type)
(genls transformation-event destruction-event)
(genls transformation-event creation-event)
(genls transformation-event physical-event)
(comment transformation-event "A collection of events.  In each element of transformation-event, at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing comes into existence.  Usually at least some portion of the thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s) that are created.

Note:  this collection is a superset of, but NOT coextensional with, transformation-process (q.v.).")

;;; transformation-process
(isa transformation-process temporal-stuff-type)
(isa transformation-process default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls transformation-process transformation-event)
(comment transformation-process "The collection of transformation-events that also are elements of temporal-stuff-type.  That is, each of their temporal parts is also a transformation-event, in which something is destroyed and something created.  
Note:  It is often the case that a transformation-event is NOT a transformation-process --- e.g., there may be several preparation stages, and then at the end everything is brought together and the foaming starts, or the butterfly emerges, or whatever transformation occurs.  So transformation-process is a small subset of transformation-event (qv).")

;;; transitive-binary-predicate
(isa transitive-binary-predicate predicate-category)
(isa transitive-binary-predicate collection)
(genls transitive-binary-predicate binary-predicate)
(comment transitive-binary-predicate "A collection of predicates; the subset of binary-predicate whose elements are all transitive.  A predicate F is an element of transitive-binary-predicate if and only if F is a binary predicate and (F X Y) and (F Y Z) together imply (F X Z).  Examples: greater-than, east-of, geographical-sub-regions, cotemporal.")

;;; translation--complete
(isa translation--complete temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--complete movement--translation-event)
(comment translation--complete "A collection of translational motion events; hence a subset of movement--translation-event.  In any element of translation--complete, the whole object-moving moves in its entirety from the origin (from-location) to the destination (to-location).  That is, the object completely leaves the origin and relocates at the destination.  The object-moving may be either a non-fluidlike object or a fluid-tangible-thing all of which moves from one place to another; e.g., a baseball or the gasoline used to fill a gas tank.  Another example: a single molecule of water flowing from point A to B in a river.  Negative example: a river flowing from A to B  (the river itself is not relocated); a rubber band stretching.  A borderline case:  a spider spins a web, leaving part of itself, in effect, extended out behind it.  In most contexts that would still be considered a translation--complete event.
Note:  translation--complete is noncommittal as to whether net movement has occurred, so round-trip events qualify as complete translations.  (For contrast, see translation--location-change).")

;;; translation--flow
(isa translation--flow script-type)
(isa translation--flow temporal-stuff-type)
(genls translation--flow movement--translation-event)
(comment translation--flow "A collection of translational motion events; hence a subset of movement--translation-event. In any element of translation--flow, the object-moving is a fluid-tangible-thing (i.e., a portion of some fluid, such as a quart of milk) rather than a discrete solid object.  At least some of the object-moving leaves the from-location and some arrives at the to-location; but it is not necessary that all of the object-moving go from the origin (from-location) to the destination (to-location).  Such fluid flows include rivers flowing or winds blowing or air filling your lungs when you take a breath.
Note: also intended to be included here are flows of ``fluids'' such as sand, drifting snow, etc., which are composed of multiple solid particles.  So a borderline case would be using a bulldozer to spread out a pile of rocks and gravel over a parking lock; depending on one's context (sensors, purposes, etc.) that might or might not be considered a translation--flow event.")

;;; translation--location-change
(isa translation--location-change temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--location-change movement--translation-event)
(comment translation--location-change "A collection of translational motion events; a subset of movement--translation-event.  In each element of translation--location-change, the object-moving ends up in a different place than it started; i.e., the from-location cannot be the same as the to-location.  Thus, a round trip travel event (translation--round-trip) is NOT an instance of this collection.  See also translation--no-location-change.")

;;; translation--multi-path
(isa translation--multi-path temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--multi-path movement--translation-event)
(comment translation--multi-path "A collection of translational motion events; a subset of movement--translation-event.  In any element of translation--multi-path, motion may occur simultaneously along two or more instances of path--generic (which are not related by subpath/superpath relationships.)  Therefore, there must be at least two object-movings in such an event.  There may be more than one from-location and/or more than one to-location.  Elements of translation--multi-path include scattering, distributing, and collecting things.  E.g., all of the following exhibit multi-pathway translation movements: a rainshower or snowfall; an exploding firework; water being ejected from a sprinkling system; the surrounding objects being sucked up by a tornado; participants running a 100K footrace; pool balls during the opening break.  For non-examples of this, see translation--single-path.")

;;; translation--no-location-change
(isa translation--no-location-change temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--no-location-change movement--translation-event)
(comment translation--no-location-change "A collection of translational motion events; hence a subset of movement--translation-event.  In any instance of translation--no-location-change, the object-moving undergoes translational motion but ends up where it started --- i.e., there is no NET movement; i.e., its from-location and to-location are the same.  Between the beginning and the end of a translation--no-location-change, the object-moving may visit the to-location and the from-location any number of times.   E.g., consider the motion of a person who is born in, and 80 years later dies in, the very same hospital, and has been there a few times in between for operations, visiting patients, etc.  A less dramatic example is the motion of your car on a particular day, as it gets moved around, crosses its own path a few times, etc., but ends the day in the same place it started.   Elements of translation--no-location-change may be periodic or nonperiodic movements.  An important subset of translation--no-location-change is translation--round-trip.")

;;; translation--non-periodic
(isa translation--non-periodic temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--non-periodic movement--translation-event)
(genls translation--non-periodic movement--non-periodic)
(comment translation--non-periodic "The collection of all non-periodic translational movement
events, i.e., the intersection of movement--non-periodic and
movement--translation-event.  In each instance of
translation--non-periodic, the object-moving is in translational
motion and does not move back the same position on the regular
temporal basis (it can visit the same location multiple times, just not regularly).")

;;; translation--periodic
(isa translation--periodic temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--periodic movement--translation-event)
(genls translation--periodic movement--periodic)
(comment translation--periodic "A collection of periodic movement events; hence a subset of movement--periodic (q.v.)   In any element of translation--periodic, the periodic motion of the object-moving is translational motion (as opposed, e.g., to rotation).  E.g., a ball bouncing in place translates periodically; so does a planet revolving around a star.  But not: a planet rotating on its axis, a top spinning in place.")

;;; translation--round-trip
(isa translation--round-trip temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--round-trip translation--no-location-change)
(comment translation--round-trip "A collection of events, translation--round-trip is a subset of translation--no-location-change.  Each element of translation--round-trip represents one round trip event.  That is, an instance of translation--round-trip is a complete translational movement that begins and ends in the same place (thus, the from-location and to-location are identical).  However, a round trip is usually a discontinuous motion (cf. movement--translation-process).  In the simplest case, it has exactly one outbound-leg-of-round-trip and exactly one inbound-leg-of-round-trip, and the trip breaks at the destination--round-trip, which is the place that the traveller visits in between the two legs of the journey.  Thus, in addition to a from-location and to-location, an instance of translation--round-trip also has an origin--round-trip and destination--round-trip.  The origin--round-trip is just the same as the from-location and to-location. 
For example, in Doug and Mary's trip to Antarctica, the origin--round-trip was city-of-austin-t-x, the destination--round-trip was the continent-of-antarctica.  Thus, the city-of-austin-t-x was both the from-location and the to-location of the WHOLE (round) trip, and it was also the to-location of the homeward leg of their trip (inbound-leg-of-round-trip).   The continent-of-antarctica was the to-location for their outbound-leg-of-round-trip and the from-location of their homeward leg (i.e., their inbound-leg-of-round-trip).
Note: to describe a multi-stop `round trip',  instead of using translation--round-trip one can represent it as a circuit composed of a series of one-way legs.")

;;; translation--single-path
(isa translation--single-path temporal-object-type)
(genls translation--single-path movement--translation-event)
(comment translation--single-path "A subset of movement--translation-event.  Each element of translation--single-path is a translational movement which involves exactly one pathway--complete.  One or more items may have the role of object-moving in such an event.  Note that although there is a single pathway--complete, it does not follow that there is a unique from-location and a unique to-location because that depends on our descriptions of locations.  (A single-pathed movement can be described as from TX to PA, or from Austin to Pittsburgh, or even from Northwest in Austin to Oakland in Pittsburgh.)  However, the single pathway--complete connects from-location and to-location.  Consider a translational motion performed by a whole group; it is likely to be a translation--single-path ---  e.g., a flock of birds flying together, or a snarl of rush-hour traffic on the Beltway.  Negative examples (see translation--multi-path) would be: a set of billiard balls during the opening break, a group of water droplets that come together into one big drop.")

;;; translocation
(isa translocation temporal-object-type)
(genls translocation generalized-transfer)
(comment translocation "A collection of events; a subset of generalized-transfer.  Each element of translocation is a transfer of something across a distance.  Translocations may have a to-location and a from-location.  translocation is the common generalization of (i.e., a superset of) both wave-propagation and movement--translation-event (q.v.). ")

;;; translucent
(isa translucent transparency)
(comment translucent "translucent is a physical-attribute representing a specific degree of transparency.  translucent objects can transmit light, but not enough to see clear images.  See also transparency-of-object.")

;;; transparency
(isa transparency measurable-attribute-type)
(genls transparency physical-attribute)
(genls transparency scalar-interval)
(comment transparency "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of transparency represents a capacity of some tangible object to transmit light.  Degrees of transparency may be represented qualitatively (e.g., translucent, transparent, murky, opaque), or using generic-value-functions.  Indicate a particular object's transparency with the predicate transparency-of-object.")

;;; transparent
(isa transparent transparency)
(comment transparent "transparent is a physical-attribute representing a specific degree of transparency.  transparent objects transmit enough light to see clear images.  See also transparency-of-object.")

;;; transport-fn
(isa transport-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa transport-fn script-type)
(result-genl transport-fn transporting-goods)
(arg1-isa transport-fn stuff-type)
(arg1-genl transport-fn partially-tangible)
(comment transport-fn "The function (TransportFn MATERIAL) means an act of transporting materials of type MATERIAL.")

;;; transport-via-fn
(isa transport-via-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa transport-via-fn temporal-stuff-type)
(result-genl transport-via-fn transportation-event)
(arg1-isa transport-via-fn existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl transport-via-fn solid-tangible-thing)
(comment transport-via-fn "(transport-via-fn OBJ-TYPE) denotes the collection of transportation-events in each of which an instance of OBJ-TYPE is a transporter.  Thus (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) is the collection of car driving, truck driving etc.. events.")

;;; transportation-company
(isa transportation-company existing-object-type)
(genls transportation-company commercial-service-organization)
(genls transportation-company business)
(comment transportation-company "A collection of organizations; a subset of service-organizations.  An element of transportation-company is an organization that provide transportation (of goods or persons) to customers for a fee.")

;;; transportation-device
(isa transportation-device existing-object-type)
(genls transportation-device conveyance)
(comment transportation-device "A collection of transportation devices; a subset of conveyance.  Each element of transportation-device is an artifact designed to play the role of transporter in transportation events.  Such devices enable something to be moved, by (for example) carrying, pulling, or pushing the transported things (transportees).  Transportation devices may or may not have their own power source (see self-powered-device).  Those which do, such as automobiles and speedboats, constitute the specialization transportation-device--vehicle.  Other transportation devices require an external motive force, e.g., instances of wheelbarrow or bicycle.  (For more examples, see muscle-powered-device.)  Because transporter and transportees are specializations of object-moving, it follows that any object in the role of transporter moves as a whole with those objects playing the role of transportees.  Since any instance of transportation-device has playing the role of transporter as its intendend function, stationary objects which cause motion, such as conveyor belts, escalators, rocket launchers, slingshots, etc. are excluded from the category of transportation-device.  Also excluded are devices which, although they facilitate travel, are worn rather than 'ridden on', 'ridden with', or 'ridden in'.  Ice skates, shoes, skis and other specializations of wearable-conveyance fit this exclusionary criterion. 
Note that this is not the collection of all objects that can be used as transporters. For example, in an event of a man riding on a horse, the horse is the transporter but not an instance of transportation-device since a horse is not an artifact. So the main difference between transporters and transportation devices is that the latter have to be artifacts while the former do not.")

;;; transportation-device--vehicle
(isa transportation-device--vehicle existing-object-type)
(genls transportation-device--vehicle transportation-device)
(genls transportation-device--vehicle self-powered-device)
(comment transportation-device--vehicle "transportation-device--vehicle is the subcollection of transportation-device whose instances are also instances of self-powered-devices, i.e., those that move under their own power.  E.g. jet airplanes, automobiles, but not skateboards, gliders, or rowboats.  Note that hand pushed gas powered lawnmowers, even though they are self-powered-devices, are not instances of transportation-device--vehicle because they are not their own provider-of-motive-force when they move, whereas instances of lawn-mower--riding are vehicles.")

;;; transportation-event
(isa transportation-event temporal-object-type)
(genls transportation-event translation--location-change)
(genls transportation-event translation--complete)
(genls transportation-event translation--single-path)
(genls transportation-event causing-another-objects-translational-motion)
(comment transportation-event "A collection of events.  An instance of transportation-event is an event in which one object (in the role of transporter) aids in the translational movement of another object (having the role of transportees), so that both objects move together along the same pathway--complete.  Optionally, one of these objects, or some third object moving along with them, provides the force to make the movement happen (provider-of-motive-force).  Examples of transportation events include automobile transporation, dogs pulling goods on a sled, a wagon with groceries rolling down a hill, a person carrying a suitcase down the street, etc.  In that last case, note that the transporter is the suitcase, not the person.  Things which are NOT transportation-events (as defined above): a river conveying some flotsam, the wind blowing a leaf, a conveyor belt moving a widget to the next person on the assembly line, or a walking beast of burden without transportees on it.  In the first 3 of those, the would-be transporter doesn't actually change its overall location; in the fourth case, the unburdened beast has no transportees.  
Note:  This is a good example, by the way, of how Cyc concepts must be, and are, less ambiguous than words in English or any other natural language.  The cost of this is a larger vocabulary that must be used carefully, but the benefits are the ability to share knowledge in un-preconceived ways with others who subscribe to the same set of terms and intended meanings.")

;;; transporting-goods
(isa transporting-goods default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa transporting-goods temporal-stuff-type)
(genls transporting-goods handling-an-object)
(genls transporting-goods human-activity)
(genls transporting-goods transportation-event)
(comment transporting-goods "Moving some kind of material from one point to another.  Different from just mixing stuff or putting stuff with other stuff.")

;;; transporting-people
(isa transporting-people default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa transporting-people temporal-stuff-type)
(genls transporting-people human-activity)
(genls transporting-people transportation-event)
(comment transporting-people "The subcollection of transportation-event in each ofwhich instances of person, i.e., human beings are the main-transportees or among the main-transportees.  Surely human beingsare usually not the only transportees in these instances of transportation-events (for example, some of these people'spersonal belongings are also among the transportees), andone may even think that in most instances of transportation-event, humanbeings are involved as transportees (for example, even adriver can be considered among the transportees).  The maindifference between this collection and the collectiontransporting-goods is that there are human beings as main-transportees in instances of transporting-people, while thereare no human beings as main-transportees in instances oftransporting-goods.")

;;; trapping
(isa trapping script-type)
(isa trapping temporal-object-type)
(genls trapping taking-custody-of-animal)
(comment trapping "A collection of events.  In an instance of trapping, an animal is taken into custody by using a device that physically captures the body of the animal.  The animal may or may not be killed in the event.")

;;; treatment-fn
(isa treatment-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa treatment-fn temporal-stuff-type)
(result-isa treatment-fn script-type)
(result-genl treatment-fn medical-treatment-event)
(arg1-isa treatment-fn physiological-condition-type)
(arg1-genl treatment-fn ailment-condition)
(comment treatment-fn "treatment-fn is a Cyc function, and in particular a collection-denoting-function.  (treatment-fn AILMENT) denotes the subset of medical-treatment-event whose elements are treatments of the ailment AILMENT.  For a specific AILMENT, the collection returned as the value of (treatment-fn AILMENT) may be a subset of
some more general collection of medical procedures; e.g., standard processes of (treatment-fn depression--psychological-condition) will also
be elements of psychological-therapy.")

;;; tree--the-plant
(isa tree--the-plant existing-object-type)
(genls tree--the-plant plant--woody)
(comment tree--the-plant "A collection of plants; a subset of plant--woody.  Each element of tree--the-plant is a tree, i.e., a tall woody plant that is usually taller than a person or a bush, generally having a branching form overall, and with roots in the ground, a trunk, and the branches having numerous leaves exposed to the sky.  Cf. bush.")

;;; tree-ordered-set
(isa tree-ordered-set object-type)
(genls tree-ordered-set partially-ordered-set)
(comment tree-ordered-set "The collection of all sets with abstract rooted tree structures, in which there is a single root-element and all other elements are reachable along branches from the root-element via a 'successor' ordering relation, such that one element may have multiple successors, but no two elements have the same successor.  A tree-ordered-set is a special case of partially-ordered-set in which no element has multiple 'parent' nodes.  There are no cycles of relations in a tree-ordered-set: from every element, there is exactly one path to the root-element.  Many, but not all, taxonomic hierarchies are tree-ordered-sets.  The end or 'bottom' nodes are sometime called 'leaf nodes'.  A totally-ordered-set or directed chain is a special case of a tree-ordered-set that happens to have no branchings.  (Note that tree-ordered-set requires a single root node and therefore excludes mathematical 'forests' consisting of multiple, disconnected tree-ordered-sets.)")

;;; trial
(isa trial script-type)
(isa trial temporal-object-type)
(genls trial hostile-social-action)
(comment trial "The collection of legal conflicts that are heard and decided by a court.")

;;; truck
(isa truck product-type)
(isa truck existing-object-type)
(genls truck road-vehicle)
(comment truck "The collection of all trucks, large road-vehicles for ground transportation.  Trucks are most often used to haul freight, garbage, materials, liquids and other heavy loads.  fire-trucks take firemen to fires.  In many parts of the world, people routinely ride in the backs of Trucks.  A Truck has a cab for the driver, separate from the cargo area of the Truck.")

;;; true
(isa true truth-value)
(isa true individual)
(comment true "An element of truth-value.  true is logical truth in Cyc; this is the abstract logical notion--not to be confused with Lisp's T, nor with the English word `true'.")

;;; truth-value
(isa truth-value object-type)
(genls truth-value mathematical-object)
(comment truth-value "truth-value is a collection of mathematical objects; it contains the abstract, logical objects true and false.")

;;; tube-shape
(isa tube-shape three-dimensional-shape-type)
(isa tube-shape abstract-shape-type)
(genls tube-shape three-dimensional-shape)
(genls tube-shape abstract-shape)
(comment tube-shape "The collection of all tube-like shapes: long, thin, hollow cylinders.  Pipes, hoses, smokestacks, etc.")

;;; tumor
(isa tumor existing-object-type)
(genls tumor biological-living-object)
(comment tumor "Each element of this collection is an abnormal tissue mass found in an animal.  Instances of tumor include both malignant (cancerous -- see cancer) and benign (non-cancerous) growths which have no normal physiological cause or function within the animal's body.")

;;; tuple
(isa tuple object-type)
(genls tuple mathematical-object)
(genls tuple situation)
(comment tuple "A collection of mathematical objects.  Each element of tuple is a complex which contains some number (greater than or equal to 1) of ordered (or otherwise indexed) components (it might be a pair, a triple, etc., or there may be a function from column names into their value domains).  For example, blood-pressure-reading is a specialized subset of tuple; each element of blood-pressure-reading is an ordered or column-indexed pair (of numbers), in which the first is the systolic reading, the second the diastolic reading.  Components of tuples need not be restricted to numbers; for example, the entries in a data base (e.g., my address book) also qualify as tuples, whose components are name, address, phone, email address, etc.   A significant subset of tuple is n-tuple-interval (q.v.), whose elements are tuples consisting of intervals only; e.g., complex numbers, physical vectors.  Technically, if the index set for the tuple is the counting numbers in their usual order, then the implied order alone can be used to pick a member of the tuple, and the tuple is in fact a list--sequence.  In the general case, any index set (distinct column names, for example, in a relational database) may be used to index the members of a tuple, not just their order-postion numbers.")
(synonymous-external-concept tuple s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")

;;; turning-off-powered-device
(isa turning-off-powered-device temporal-object-type)
(isa turning-off-powered-device default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls turning-off-powered-device changing-device-state)
(comment turning-off-powered-device "The collection of actions in which the device-state of a physical-device changes from device-on to device-off.")

;;; turning-on-powered-device
(isa turning-on-powered-device temporal-object-type)
(isa turning-on-powered-device default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls turning-on-powered-device changing-device-state)
(comment turning-on-powered-device "The collection of actions in which the device-state of a physical-device changes from device-off to device-on.")

;;; twilight
(isa twilight temporal-object-type)
(genls twilight qualitative-time-of-day)
(comment twilight "The union of the two collections of time intervals dawn and dusk.  Each twilight is a situation where the sky is indirectly illuminated by the sun, either just before a sunrise or just after a sunset.")

;;; two-dimensional-shape
(isa two-dimensional-shape shape-type)
(genls two-dimensional-shape geometric-thing)
(comment two-dimensional-shape "A collection of geometrical 
things.  Each element of two-dimensional-shape is a 
physical shapes that exist in two (and not less than two) 
dimensions. Some are basic geometrical shapes,
such as instances of oval, but others can be irregular.")

;;; two-dimensional-shape-type
(isa two-dimensional-shape-type collection)
(genls two-dimensional-shape-type shape-type)
(comment two-dimensional-shape-type "A collection of collections.  Each instance of two-dimensional-shape-type is a collection of things which are subsets of two-dimensional-shape.")

;;; two-story-building
(isa two-story-building existing-object-type)
(genls two-story-building building)
(comment two-story-building "Collection of all two story buildings.")

;;; type-predicate
(isa type-predicate relation-type)
(genls type-predicate predicate)
(comment type-predicate "A collection of predicates.  Each element of type-predicate is a predicate used in asserting relations between collections, or between individuals and collections, which in turn imply further assertions involving instances of the collections.  Examples: primary-activity-type, insured-event-types, anatomical-part-type-affected, frequency-of-action-type, object-types-collected.")

;;; u-s-city
(isa u-s-city spatially-disjoint-region-type)
(genls u-s-city city)
(comment u-s-city "A collection of cities.  Each element of u-s-city is a city in the united-states-of-america.  Note that city (q.v.) is widely construed to include towns and villages.  Examples of u-s-city: city-of-austin-t-x, city-of-gainesville-f-l, city-of-long-beach-c-a, city-of-armonk-new-york, city-of-essex-junction-vermont, city-of-cambridge-m-a, city-of-palo-alto-c-a, city-of-redmond-w-a.")

;;; u-s-federal-government-organization
(isa u-s-federal-government-organization existing-object-type)
(genls u-s-federal-government-organization legal-government-organization)
(comment u-s-federal-government-organization "A collection of government organizations.  An instance of u-s-federal-government-organization is an element of legal-government-organization which is part of the united-states-federal-government.  This collection includes the U.S. military, Federal courts, U.S. Congress, U.S. territorial governments, Federal departments and independent agencies, and the city of Washington, D.C.; it does NOT include U.S. states, interstate compacts, and cities (other than Washington, D.C.).")

;;; ultra-sound
(isa ultra-sound wave-propagation-type)
(genls ultra-sound sound)
(comment ultra-sound "A collection of events; a subset of sound.  Each element of ultra-sound is a sound wave having a frequency greater than 20,000 cycles per second, which is above the range of human hearing.")

;;; unalloyed-metal
(isa unalloyed-metal tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls unalloyed-metal element-stuff)
(genls unalloyed-metal metal)
(comment unalloyed-metal "A collection of tangible stuffs; a subset of metal.  Every instance of unalloyed-metal is a metal which is also an element, i.e., a substance of unmixed chemical type.  Thus, each subset of unalloyed-metal is a subset of both metal and element-stuff.  Examples of unalloyed-metal include the instances of gold, iron, uranium, antimony, titanium, and many more.")

;;; unary-predicate
(isa unary-predicate predicate-category)
(isa unary-predicate collection)
(genls unary-predicate predicate)
(comment unary-predicate "unary-predicate is the subset of predicate whose elements take only a single argument.  Note, however, that most unary properties are implemented in Cyc as elements of collection or of attribute-value, rather than of unary-predicate.  So there should not be very many instances of this collection.")
(synonymous-external-concept unary-predicate s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-PLACE-RELATION")

;;; unary-type-predicate
(isa unary-type-predicate collection)
(genls unary-type-predicate unary-predicate)
(genls unary-type-predicate inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate)
(comment unary-type-predicate "redundant `typing' predicates created for inference efficiency")

;;; unconscious
(isa unconscious alertness)
(comment unconscious "unconscious is the alertness attribute of being unconscious.  It is the opposite of awake.  A specialization of this attribute is asleep.")

;;; underground
(isa underground attribute-value)
(comment underground "The attribute of a location or region that means that it is below the surface of the ground of a particular place.")

;;; underlying-graph-fn
(isa underlying-graph-fn non-predicate-function)
(arg1-isa underlying-graph-fn thing)
(arg2-isa underlying-graph-fn multi-graph)
(comment underlying-graph-fn "For each path-system SYS, (underlying-graph-fn SYS) denotes the underlying multi-graph of SYS, i.e., the unique multi-graph GRAPH (or the reduction of SYS) such that (reduction-of-path-systems SYS GRAPH) holds.")

;;; unemployed-person
(isa unemployed-person person-by-activity-type)
(genls unemployed-person person)
(comment unemployed-person "A collection of persons.  Each instance of unemployed-person is a worker who is unemployed.  An unemployed worker is someone who either has worked previously and could still do so (if s/he had a job), or someone who is qualified to work (e.g., a recent graduate) but has not yet worked.")

;;; unincorporated-organization
(isa unincorporated-organization existing-object-type)
(genls unincorporated-organization organization)
(comment unincorporated-organization "A collection of organizations.  An element of unincorporated-organization is an organization that is constituted by one or more people but is not formally incorporated by a government charter.  It may be called an association.  In many legal jurisdictions, the organization itself is not a legal-agent (q.v.); only its participants are.  Typically, an element of unincorporated-organization (and thus its participants) are not protected by the limits on liability which are extended to a legal-corporation (q.v.).")

;;; unintended-loss-of-user-rights
(isa unintended-loss-of-user-rights temporal-object-type)
(genls unintended-loss-of-user-rights losing-user-rights)
(comment unintended-loss-of-user-rights "Nondeliberate loss of some user-rights-attribute; for example, when something is stolen, appropriated, or, in some cases, simply lost.")

;;; unique-anatomical-part-type
(isa unique-anatomical-part-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls unique-anatomical-part-type existing-object-type)
(comment unique-anatomical-part-type "A collection of collections.  Instances are types of organism-parts that occur uniquely in the organisms (organism--whole) that have them.  For example, head--animal-body-part.")

;;; unit-of-acceleration
(isa unit-of-acceleration interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-acceleration unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-acceleration "The collection of functions which return elements of Acceleration.  For example, the value of the function meters-per-second-per-second applied to the real number 9.8 -- (meters-per-second-per-second 9.8) -- is 9.8 meters per second squared.")

;;; unit-of-angular-acceleration
(isa unit-of-angular-acceleration interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-angular-acceleration unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-angular-acceleration "The collection of functions which return elements of angular-acceleration-rate (i.e., the rate of change in the rate-of-rotation).")

;;; unit-of-angular-distance
(isa unit-of-angular-distance interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-angular-distance unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-angular-distance "The collection of functions which return elements of angular-distance.  E.g., (radian 5) denotes 5 radians.")

;;; unit-of-angular-speed
(isa unit-of-angular-speed interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-angular-speed unit-of-measure)
(genls unit-of-angular-speed unit-of-rate)
(comment unit-of-angular-speed "The collection of functions which return elements of rate-of-rotation.  E.g., (radians-per-second 5) denotes a change of 5 radians in angular distance per second.")

;;; unit-of-area
(isa unit-of-area interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-area unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-area "The collection of functions which return elements of area; e.g., (square-yard 4) returns an area of 4 square yards.")

;;; unit-of-capacitance
(isa unit-of-capacitance interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-capacitance unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-capacitance "The collection of functions which return elements of electrical-capacitance.  E.g., (farad 20) denotes an electrical capacitance of 20 farads.")

;;; unit-of-charge
(isa unit-of-charge interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-charge unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-charge "The collection of functions which return elements of electrical-charge.  E.g., (coulomb 3) denotes an electrical charge of 3 coulombs.")

;;; unit-of-concentration
(isa unit-of-concentration interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-concentration unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-concentration "The collection of functions which return elements of concentration-strength--generic (i.e., mass of some element of existing-stuff-type per unit of volume).  E.g., (grams-per-milliliter 0.1) denotes a concentration of 0.1 grams per milliliter of one substance within another.")

;;; unit-of-current
(isa unit-of-current interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-current unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-current "The collection of functions which return elements of electrical-current.  E.g., (ampere 2) denotes an instance of electrical-current that would measure two amps.")

;;; unit-of-distance
(isa unit-of-distance interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-distance unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-distance "The collection of functions which return elements of distance; e.g., (mile 26.2) denotes 26.2 miles.")

;;; unit-of-energy
(isa unit-of-energy interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-energy unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-energy "The collection of functions which return elements of energy-as-a-quantity.  E.g., (joule 5) denotes 5 joules.")

;;; unit-of-flow-rate
(isa unit-of-flow-rate interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-flow-rate unit-of-measure)
(genls unit-of-flow-rate unit-of-rate)
(comment unit-of-flow-rate "The collection of functions which return elements of flow-rate (i.e.,volume of stuff passing a point per unit of time).  E.g., (cubic-meter 2000) denotes a flow-rate of 2000 cubic meters per second.")

;;; unit-of-frequency
(isa unit-of-frequency interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-frequency unit-of-measure)
(genls unit-of-frequency unit-of-rate)
(comment unit-of-frequency "The collection of functions which are used for expressing how often something occurs during an interval of time, i.e., functions which return an element of frequency.  E.g., (mega-hertz 89.5) returns a frequency of 89.5 MHz.")

;;; unit-of-mass
(isa unit-of-mass interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-mass unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-mass "The collection of functions which return elements of mass.  E.g. (kilogram 5) denotes 5 kilograms.")

;;; unit-of-measure
(isa unit-of-measure relation-type)
(isa unit-of-measure collection)
(genls unit-of-measure individual-denoting-function)
(genls unit-of-measure non-predicate-function)
(genls unit-of-measure variable-arity-relation)
(comment unit-of-measure "unit-of-measure is the collection of all functions which return elements of scalar-interval that describe physical quantities such as speed, volume, etc.  Those functions are usually grouped into subsets depending on what they measure (e.g., unit-of-speed,#$unit-of-volume).  Functions which belong to unit-of-measure are variable-arity relations that take either one or two arguments, both of which must be elements of cyc-system-real-number. If only one argument is given (e.g. (meter 5)), the expression stands for a precise quantity (here, 5 meters); see also scalar-point-value.  If two arguments are given (e.g. (meter 5 10)), the expression stands for a closed interval and the arguments are interpreted as the interval's mininum and maximum, respectively. Following are a few example uses of some elements of unit-of-measure:







     `10 years': (years-duration 10) 



     `2 feet': (foot--unit-of-measure 2) 



     `50 dollars and 2 cents': (dollar--united-states 50.02) 



     `between 1 and 50 pounds per square inch, inclusive': (pounds-per-square-inch 1 50) 



     `dimensionless quantity between 3 and 4.1, inclusive': (unity 3 4.1).")

;;; unit-of-measure-no-prefix
(isa unit-of-measure-no-prefix collection)
(genls unit-of-measure-no-prefix unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-measure-no-prefix "Please see the shared-note note-for-unit-of-measure-with-prefix-and-no-prefix.")

;;; unit-of-measure-with-prefix
(isa unit-of-measure-with-prefix collection)
(genls unit-of-measure-with-prefix unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-measure-with-prefix "Please see the shared-note note-for-unit-of-measure-with-prefix-and-no-prefix.")

;;; unit-of-monetary-flow-rate
(isa unit-of-monetary-flow-rate interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-monetary-flow-rate unit-of-measure)
(genls unit-of-monetary-flow-rate unit-of-rate)
(comment unit-of-monetary-flow-rate "The collection of functions which return elements of monetary-flow-rate (i.e. transfer of money per unit of time).  E.g., (dollars-per-hour 10) denotes a monetary-flow-rate of $10 per hour.")

;;; unit-of-money
(isa unit-of-money interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-money unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-money "A collection of Cyc functions.  dollar--united-states, peso--mexico, and yen--japan are each elements of this collection (along with functions for many other nations's monetary units).  Each of these is a function which, given real numbers as arguments, returns an instance of the collection money (q.v.).  For example, (dollar--united-states 5.99) denotes an element of money whose size, or amount, is five dollars and 99 cents, expressed in the `unit of measure' US dollars; in short, (dollar--united-states 5.99) denotes $5.99.  

Note: The monetary values associated with the members of unit-of-money, and the exchange rates between them, fluctuate (sometimes widely) over very short periods of time -- daily, even hourly.  In being heavily time-dependent, unit-of-money is unlike most other subsets of unit-of-measure.")

;;; unit-of-power
(isa unit-of-power interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-power unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-power "The collection of functions which return elements of energy-as-a-quantity.  E.g., (watt 5) denotes 5 watts.")

;;; unit-of-pressure
(isa unit-of-pressure interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-pressure unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-pressure "The collection of functions which return elements of pressure (i.e., force per unit area) or elasticity.  E.g., (pascal--unit-of-pressure 175) denotes a pressure of 175 pascals.")

;;; unit-of-rate
(isa unit-of-rate interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-rate unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-rate "The collection of functions which return elements of rate.  This includes any measurement function (see unit-of-measure) whose unit-of-measure-expansions list includes the factor (-1 unit-of-time).  For example, (dollars-per-day 1000) denotes $1000 per day.")

;;; unit-of-speed
(isa unit-of-speed interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-speed unit-of-rate)
(genls unit-of-speed unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-speed "The collection of functions which return elements of Speed.  For example, the value of the function miles-per-hour applied to the number five -- (miles-per-hour 5) -- is five miles per hour.")

;;; unit-of-temperature
(isa unit-of-temperature interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-temperature unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-temperature "The collection of functions which return elements of temperature.  E.g., (degree-fahrenheit 451) denotes a temperature of 451 F.")

;;; unit-of-time
(isa unit-of-time interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-time unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-time "The collection of functions which return elements of time; e.g., (years-duration 100) returns a time period equal to a century.")

;;; unit-of-voltage
(isa unit-of-voltage interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-voltage unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-voltage "The collection of functions which return elements of voltage.  E.g., (volt 120) denotes an electrical voltage of 120 volts.")

;;; unit-of-volume
(isa unit-of-volume interconvertible-unit-type)
(genls unit-of-volume unit-of-measure)
(comment unit-of-volume "The collection of functions which return elements of volume.  E.g., (liter 5) denotes 5 liters.")

;;; unit-vector--precise
(isa unit-vector--precise object-type)
(genls unit-vector--precise vector--precise)
(genls unit-vector--precise unit-vector-interval)
(comment unit-vector--precise "The collection unit-vector--precise is a subset of vector--precise and of unit-vector-interval.  Each element of unit-vector--precise is a vector interval with a magnitude of 1 and a precisely specified direction (e.g., due North, straight down).  Thus, one precise unit vector differs from another only in direction, since each vector consists of a magnitude and a direction (in a space of n > 1 dimensions).  So elements of unit-vector--precise in effect indicate different directions such as `straight up' or `due East'.")

;;; unit-vector-interval
(isa unit-vector-interval object-type)
(genls unit-vector-interval vector-interval)
(comment unit-vector-interval "The collection unit-vector-interval is a subset of vector-interval.  Each element of unit-vector-interval is a vector interval with a magnitude of 1.  Thus, one unit vector differs from another only in direction, since each vector consists of a magnitude and a direction (in a space of n > 1 dimensions).   An element of unit-vector-interval may specify either a precise unit vector or a generalized range of directions such as `in front of'.  See also unit-vector--precise. ")

;;; united-states-person
(isa united-states-person nationality)
(genls united-states-person person)
(comment united-states-person "A collection of persons.  Each element of united-states-person is a person who either was born in the united-states-of-america or is currently among that country's citizens.")

;;; united-states-president
(isa united-states-president occupation-type)
(genls united-states-president politician)
(genls united-states-president public-official)
(genls united-states-president president--head-of-government-or-head-of-state)
(genls united-states-president united-states-person)
(comment united-states-president "A collection of persons.  Each element of united-states-president is a person who holds the office of united-states-president.  Examples: bill-clinton from January 1993 till the present (November 1996); richard-nixon from January 1969 till his resignation in 1974; lyndon-johnson from Novemeber 1963 till January 1969.  Note that ex-U.S. Presidents have, in recent journalistic practice, tended to retain the title `President', although those individuals are no longer members of the collection united-states-president after they leave office.")

;;; unity
(isa unity unit-of-measure)
(isa unity dimensionless-unit-of-measure)
(isa unity unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa unity standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa unity scalar-interval)
(result-isa unity interval-on-number-line)
(args-isa unity cyc-system-real-number)
(comment unity "unity is the standard unit of measure for dimensionless quantities.  Like other elements of unit-of-measure, unity is a variable-arity function whose (one or two) arguments are instances of cyc-system-real-number.  Unlike most other elements of unit-of-measure, unity returns a dimensionless quantity, simply a real number without physical dimensions attached.  Thus, the value of (unity .10) is equal to the point scalar 0.10, which is also the same quantity as (percent 10).  Both (unity .10) and 0.10 are legitimate instances of real-number; however, only 0.10 is a legitimate element of cyc-system-real-number (q.v.).  unity can be used to return a dimensionless real-number interval as well as a point value; e.g., (unity 3 4) returns the interval that is the range of numbers between 3 and 4, inclusive.")

;;; university
(isa university existing-object-type)
(genls university educational-organization)
(genls university research-organization)
(comment university "A collection of educational organizations.  An element of university is an organization, usually (but not always) called `University', which does university-level teaching and/or research.  Some universities comprise multiple `colleges' and professional schools.")

;;; unordered-attribute-type
(isa unordered-attribute-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls unordered-attribute-type attribute-type)
(comment unordered-attribute-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of unordered-attribute-type is a collection of attributes whose values are not ordered over their whole range of possible values.  A collection belonging to unordered-attribute-type contains values that are incommensurable with one another.  For example, the `suit' attribute of playing cards (unlike the number or face value of the cards) is an unordered attribute in card games where no suit is considered higher than another.  The `gender' attribute of animals is an unordered-attribute-type, as well.  By contrast, see primitive-attribute-type.")

;;; up--directly
(isa up--directly terrestrial-direction)
(isa up--directly unit-vector--precise)
(genl-attributes up--directly up--generally)
(comment up--directly "The direction straight up.  In the terrestrial context, up--directly points in the opposite direction of Earth's gravitational force vector.")

;;; up--generally
(isa up--generally terrestrial-direction)
(comment up--generally "The element of vector-interval which comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of up--directly.")

;;; up-side-down
(isa up-side-down orientation-attribute)
(comment up-side-down "(orientation OBJECT up-side-down) means that OBJECT's intrinsic bottom (e.g., the hull of a ship) is above (above--directly) its intrinsic top (e.g., the masthead).  Many things don't work properly when upside down, e.g., sailboats, salad bowls, newspapers.")

;;; upright-posture
(isa upright-posture posture)
(comment upright-posture "The attribute that describes an animal in an upright, i.e. vertically extended, posture.  (posture-of-animal ?ANIM upright-posture) is implied by walking and running, as well as by standing.")

;;; urban-area
(isa urban-area existing-object-type)
(genls urban-area human-residence-area)
(comment urban-area "A collection of geographical regions; a subset of human-residence-area.  Each element of urban-area is a region that has urban features.  Elements of urban-area can be as small as an urban neighborhood, or as big as, say, the New York City Metropolitan Area.  By default, urbanness is an intrinsic property of such areas; i.e., every subregion of an element of urban-area is also an instance of urban-area.  Examples: u-t-austin-campus, westlake-hills, city-of-austin-t-x, city-of-toulouse-france, city-of-murmansk-u-s-s-r, city-of-taipei-taiwan, research-triangle-park.")

;;; urge-to-scratch
(isa urge-to-scratch physical-urge-type)
(genls urge-to-scratch internal-sensory-attribute)
(genls urge-to-scratch animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment urge-to-scratch "This is a collection of physical urges of a certain type, namely the urges that animals have to scratch an itch (and their accompanying internal sensations.)")

;;; urge-to-sneeze
(isa urge-to-sneeze physical-urge-type)
(genls urge-to-sneeze internal-sensory-attribute)
(genls urge-to-sneeze animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment urge-to-sneeze "This is a collection of physical urges of a certain type, namely the urges that animals have to sneeze (and their accompanying internal sensations.)")

;;; user-rights-attribute
(isa user-rights-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls user-rights-attribute attribute-value)
(comment user-rights-attribute "A collection of attributes.  An instance of user-rights-attribute describes what right an agent has to use something.  For example, the rights of an owner of a house can be distinguished from the rights of a renter by specifying the appropriate user-rights-attributes.  Elements of user-rights-attributes include: full-use-rights (the agent can do whatever s/he wants with it), exclusive-user-rights (the agent is the only authorized user), primary-user-rights (this agent's uses take priority over everyone else's), group-user-rights-attribute (the agent's right to use something depends on membership in a group), and more.")

;;; utterance
(isa utterance object-type)
(isa utterance temporal-stuff-type)
(genls utterance information-bearing-wave-propagation)
(genls utterance animal-sound)
(comment utterance "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of animal-sound.  Each element of utterance is a sound which was initially generated by someone speaking or making some sound with the mouth.  If such IBTs are recorded and played back, the sound generated is still considered an element of utterance.  Examples: your spouse saying `Good morning' today; Ed McMahon saying `Here's Johnny' (on almost innumerable occasions); a child screaming at a playmate; Humphrey Bogart saying `Here's looking at you' on the set of `Casablanca'.")

;;; variable-arity-relation
(isa variable-arity-relation relation-type)
(isa variable-arity-relation collection)
(genls variable-arity-relation relationship)
(comment variable-arity-relation "A collection of relationships.  Each element of variable-arity-relation is a relationship that can take a variable number of arguments, making it unlike most relationships, which have a fixed number of argument places.  Examples of variable-arity-relation include conjunction (and) and functions such as addition (plus-fn) that accept a variable number of arguments.")

;;; vector--precise
(isa vector--precise object-type)
(genls vector--precise vector-interval)
(comment vector--precise "A collection of vectors; a subset of vector-interval.  Each element of vector--precise is an exactly indicated (i.e., point) vector, such as `5 feet due West'.  Both direction and distance are precise.  Thus, vector--precise is to vector-interval what scalar-point-value is to scalar-interval.  vector--precise includes all the instances of unit-vector--precise.")

;;; vector-from-to-fn
(isa vector-from-to-fn reifiable-function)
(isa vector-from-to-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa vector-from-to-fn unit-vector-interval)
(arg1-isa vector-from-to-fn spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa vector-from-to-fn spatial-thing)
(comment vector-from-to-fn "Returns a unit-vector-interval which corresponds to the set of unit vectors which originate at some point in arg1 and terminate at some point in arg2.  For example, `the ball rolled towards Mecca' would be represented as (direction-of-translation--throughout BallRolling01 (vector-from-to-fn Ball01 Mecca)).  `a ball rolling away from Mecca' would be represented as (direction-of-translation--throughout BallRolling (vector-from-to-fn Mecca Ball)).  Note that this admits trajectories which are not directly towards a targeted object but which approach at an angle.  Note further that (vector-from-to-fn OBJ REF) assumes that OBJ does not spatially-intersects REF.  See also direction-between-objects which is roughly interchangeable with vector-from-to-fn.  direction-between-objects has the advantage that an arbitrarily precise direction may be specified.  vector-from-to-fn saves the user from doing the labor involved with reifiing and from having to know the direction between ?obj1 and ?obj2.). ")

;;; vector-interval
(isa vector-interval object-type)
(genls vector-interval n-tuple-interval)
(genls vector-interval attribute-value)
(comment vector-interval "The collection vector-interval is a subset of n-tuple-interval.  Each element of vector-interval is an n-tuple of intervals (where n > 1), one of which is a direction.  Like the elements of scalar-interval, the intervals in an element of vector-interval may be point-valued or cover a range of values.  The minimal interval (i.e., point-valued) type of vector interval is exemplified by a vector such as `10 meters due east'.   Vectors may also cover a range of values; e.g., `at least 10 feet away and in a horizontal direction'; `between ten to twelve miles NNW'.")

;;; vegetable--food
(isa vegetable--food default-disjoint-food-type)
(isa vegetable--food existing-stuff-type)
(genls vegetable--food vegetable-matter)
(genls vegetable--food food)
(comment vegetable--food "A collection of edible stuff.  Each element of vegetable--food is a foodstuff which is derived from a plant and is ordinarily considered a vegetable; e.g., a carrot (an instance of carrot--foodstuff), a potato (an instance of potato--foodstuff), a lima bean (a bean--foodstuff), a tomato (a tomato--foodstuff).

Note: vegetable--food includes certain plant parts that are technically classified as fruits by botanists, but which are treated as vegetables in food classification -- such as tomatoes.  These would, e.g., be found in the vegetables section of a supermarket, and they satisfy more of the axioms about vegetables than those about fruits (e.g., sweetness.)")

;;; vegetable--plant
(isa vegetable--plant existing-object-type)
(genls vegetable--plant plant--non-woody)
(comment vegetable--plant "A collection of plants that play a special role in human nutrition.  Each element of vegetable--plant is a plant that produces the edible things that we normally call `vegetables' (which can include fruits, seeds, stalks, leaves, or other parts, or even the whole plant).  The elements of vegetable--plant grow in gardens and produce the vegetables that are eaten; vegetable plants are not necessarily also elements of food.  See vegetable--food for the collection of vegetables--plants or (more usually) plant parts--that are eaten by humans.")

;;; vegetable-matter
(isa vegetable-matter existing-stuff-type)
(genls vegetable-matter natural-tangible-stuff)
(genls vegetable-matter organic-stuff)
(comment vegetable-matter "A collection of tangible stuff.  Each element of vegetable-matter is a piece of stuff (solid, liquid, or, improbably but conceivably, gaseous) which is a piece of vegetable material.  This includes all instances of plant-product (such as elements of its subsets vegetable-oil, tobacco-leaf, jute--fiber, vanilla-extract, etc.), as well as naturally occurring pieces of vegetable matter (e.g., a clod of peat in a bog, an apple hanging on a tree, a mushroom growing wild in a forest).")

;;; verb
(isa verb linguistic-object-type)
(genls verb speech-part)
(comment verb "The collection of all verbs. Verbs usually denote events, states, or processes. Verbs can be conjugated. Example: `eat'.")

;;; vermin
(isa vermin existing-object-type)
(genls vermin non-person-animal)
(comment vermin "A collection of animals considered undesirable to find living in human habitation buildings or other facilities. ")

;;; vertebrate
(isa vertebrate biological-taxon)
(genls vertebrate animal)
(comment vertebrate "A collection of animals; one of the taxon-members of the chordata-phylum.   Each element of vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone or spine made of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, which may be separate or fused.  vertebrate includes the most familiar animals, viz., the instances of mammal, reptile, bird, fish.  Some biologists class the 'Vertebrata' as a sub-phylum of the chordata-phylum.  vertebrate excludes Amphioxus.")
(synonymous-external-concept vertebrate s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "VERTEBRATE")

;;; vertical-direction
(isa vertical-direction terrestrial-direction)
(comment vertical-direction "The element of vector-interval that comprises all the vectors that are parallel to up--directly and down--directly.")

;;; vertical-orientation
(isa vertical-orientation orientation-attribute)
(comment vertical-orientation "(orientation OBJECT vertical-orientation) means that OBJECT is vertical with respect to the current instance of frame-of-reference.  A linear (long-and-thin) object is vertical if and only if its longest dimension is perpendicular to horizontal (horizontal-direction).  A planar (sheet-shaped) object has vertical-orientation if and only if its planar surface is perpendicular to the current horizontal plane.  Typically, vertical objects include window panes, skyscrapers, trees, radio towers, and walls.")

;;; very-alert
(isa very-alert alertness)
(genl-attributes very-alert awake)
(comment very-alert "very-alert is an alertness attribute which is a specialization of awake.  It is the state of an animal paying particular attention to its environment (or a specific aspect thereof).  It is the state an antelope is in after smelling a lion, or a burglar is in after hearing the front door open.")

;;; very-high-amount-fn
(isa very-high-amount-fn generic-value-function)
(result-isa very-high-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa very-high-amount-fn primitive-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl very-high-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(comment very-high-amount-fn "very-high-amount-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of individual-denoting-function.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' values for a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (very-high-amount-fn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered `a very high amount of' ATT in the current context.  A very high amount of ATT is more than (medium-amount-fn ATT).")

;;; very-low-amount-fn
(isa very-low-amount-fn generic-value-function)
(result-isa very-low-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(arg1-isa very-low-amount-fn primitive-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl very-low-amount-fn scalar-interval)
(comment very-low-amount-fn "very-low-amount-fn is a Cyc function, in particular, an element of individual-denoting-function.  It is one of several functions used to denote so-called `generic' amounts of a wide variety of attributes.  When ATT is a type of attribute, (very-low-amount-fn ATT) returns an instance of ATT which is considered a very low amount of ATT in the current context. A very low amount of ATT is more than (no-amount-fn ATT) but less than (low-amount-fn ATT).  For example, it is bad for a politician to have (very-low-amount-fn credibility), though not uncommon.")

;;; veterinary-hospital
(isa veterinary-hospital existing-object-type)
(genls veterinary-hospital local-customer-contact-point)
(genls veterinary-hospital medical-care-organization)
(comment veterinary-hospital "The collection of all local organizations that provide professional medical care to non-human animals.  Note that this is not a specialization of Hospital.  The names may be the same, but hospitals provide medical care to persons only.")

;;; vibration-through-a-medium-sensor
(isa vibration-through-a-medium-sensor existing-object-type)
(genls vibration-through-a-medium-sensor sensor)
(comment vibration-through-a-medium-sensor "A subset of sensor, namely those sensors that detect amplitude and frequency of vibrations through a physical medium.  This includes ears, skin, and also artificial devices such as microphones, seismographs, etc.  
Note:  eyes are not vibration-through-a-medium-sensors because there need not be any physical medium for electromagnetic wave propagation.  This is a somewhat close call, and indeed in past centuries most people believed that light propagated through aether, but what it comes down to is this:  consider all the axioms that apply only to the structure, function, and operation, failure, etc. of a vibration-through-a-medium-sensor, and of that set how many hold true for eyes --- and the answer is No, most of them don't.  So parsimony dictates that eye not be a subset of vibration-through-a-medium-sensor.")

;;; vine--plant
(isa vine--plant existing-object-type)
(genls vine--plant plant)
(genls vine--plant terrestrial-organism)
(comment vine--plant "The collection of vine plants, plants that are in the form (gross form and habit) of long tendrils or long, narrow, flexible ropy strands.")

;;; virus
(isa virus organism-classification-type)
(genls virus organism--whole)
(genls virus biological-living-object)
(comment virus "The collection of tiny microbes called viruses, each consisting mainly of a capsid (capsule chamber) containing viral DNA or RNA.  Viruses have no cells, but reproduce by inserting into living cells the viral DNA or RNA, which then uses cellular mechanisms to create new viruses.  Viruses cause many diseases in all other organisms; some can infect elements of bacterium.  virus excludes prions, bacteria, rickettsia, and protists.")

;;; visa--permit
(isa visa--permit existing-object-type)
(genls visa--permit credential)
(genls visa--permit permission)
(genls visa--permit legal-agreement)
(comment visa--permit "A collection of permissions.  Each element of visa--permit is an authorization issued by the government of some country to one (or more) person(s), stating that s/he is allowed to enter that country and remain for a certain period of time while engaging in certain specified activities (e.g., study, travel, work).  Examples: (United States) h1-work-visa, f1-work-visa, green-card.")

;;; viscosity
(isa viscosity measurable-attribute-type)
(genls viscosity physical-attribute)
(genls viscosity scalar-interval)
(comment viscosity "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of viscosity represents a specific viscosity (i.e., `runniness') of some liquid-tangible-thing.  The lower the viscosity of a liquid, the more easily it flows or spreads out.  Different viscosities may be represented with a generic-value-function (q.v.), or by using some common substance as a reference (e.g., viscous-as-water, viscous-as-honey).  Vicosities of objects are indicated with the predicate viscosity-of-substance.")

;;; visibility
(isa visibility primitive-attribute-type)
(genls visibility physical-attribute)
(genls visibility scalar-interval)
(comment visibility "A collection of attributes; a subset of scalar-interval.  Each element of visibility is a characterization of how clear the ambient fluid at a location is.  Higher values indicate one can see farther (than one could have at lower values at the same location).  Different degrees of visibility may be designated using a generic-value-function.  Visibility at a location is expressed with the predicate ambient-visibility.")

;;; visible-light
(isa visible-light wave-propagation-type)
(genls visible-light electromagnetic-radiation)
(comment visible-light "A collection of events; a subset of electromagnetic-radiation.  Each element of visible-light is an instance of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength approximately between 3800 and 7750 angstroms, i.e., light visible to human eyes.")

;;; visiting-someone
(isa visiting-someone temporal-object-type)
(isa visiting-someone default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls visiting-someone directed-translation)
(genls visiting-someone translation--single-path)
(genls visiting-someone translation--location-change)
(genls visiting-someone sociability-based-action)
(comment visiting-someone "A collection of actions.  In a visiting-someone event, one agent travels or moves to the vicinity of another agent for the purpose of meeting with that other agent.  Each visiting-someone is purposeful, at least on the part of the agent doing the travelling, and that agent is typically a person, and the purpose is often social in nature.")

;;; visual-communicating
(isa visual-communicating temporal-stuff-type)
(isa visual-communicating default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls visual-communicating communicating)
(comment visual-communicating "A collection of information transfer events; a subset of communicating.  Each element of visual-communicating is an action in which information is transmitted by visual media.  Every element of visual-communicating has at least one communication-token which is an instance of visual-information-source.  Examples of visual-communicating: a performance by mime Marcel Marceau; Seiji Ozawa conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra; a policeman directing traffic; shaking a fist at someone in anger; sending a message with flags, light pulses, or smoke signals.")

;;; visual-image
(isa visual-image temporal-stuff-type)
(genls visual-image information-bearing-wave-propagation)
(genls visual-image visible-light)
(comment visual-image "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of information-bearing-wave-propagation.  Each element of visual-image is a pattern of visible light which contains information for an observer familiar with the interpretive conventions.  An observer sees the pattern.  Visual images may be produced by illuminating some instance of visual-information-source, which is a tangible object (e.g., a photograph, movie film, or page of print), or by direct manipulation of light(s) to produce a pattern (e.g., nautical code lights).  Visual images may be instantaneous or extended in time.  Visual images may be classified by features of their appearance (e.g., color-image, black-and-white-image), by their origin (e.g., x-ray-image, pen-or-pencil-drawing, satellite-image), their content (e.g., landscape-image), and other distinctions.")

;;; visual-information-conveying-act
(isa visual-information-conveying-act temporal-object-type)
(isa visual-information-conveying-act default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls visual-information-conveying-act i-b-t-generation--original)
(comment visual-information-conveying-act "The collection of actions that express (transmit) visual information.")

;;; visual-information-source
(isa visual-information-source temporal-stuff-type)
(genls visual-information-source information-bearing-thing)
(comment visual-information-source "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs).  Each element of visual-information-source is an IBT from which information is extracted by viewing it (with the appropriate interpretive conventions).  Examples of visual-information-source include handwritten letters; newspapers and other print media objects; paintings, sculpture, and other visual art objects; projected images, neon signs, etc.  The information content of instances of visual-information-source may or may not be propositional in nature.")

;;; visual-mark
(isa visual-mark existing-stuff-type)
(genls visual-mark visual-information-source)
(comment visual-mark "A collection of information bearing things (IBTs); a subset of visual-information-source.  Each element of visual-mark is a visible marking on some object.  Visual markings may be applied to an object using ink, paint, or pencil; they may be engraved into or molded out of the object's material; they may be made of other objects affixed to or resting on the object (e.g., a plaque bearing a house number); or they may consist of contrasting areas of color or light level (e.g., markings on a computer screen).")

;;; visual-perception
(isa visual-perception temporal-stuff-type)
(isa visual-perception default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls visual-perception perceiving)
(comment visual-perception "The collection of sensory perceivings in which a perceptual-agent sees something by means of an electro-magnetic-radiation-sensor detecting wavelengths of visible light, and thereby acquires information about it.
Note:  one eye is sufficient for visual-perception, and limited short-distance depth-perception, but `true' long-distance depth-perception requires two eyes.")

;;; visual-representation-microtheory
(isa visual-representation-microtheory microtheory-type)
(genls visual-representation-microtheory propositional-information-thing)
(comment visual-representation-microtheory "A collection of microtheories.  Each element of visual-representation-microtheory is a context in which to state the propositional content of a particular visual representation.  Visual representations include paintings, photographs, digitized images, moving pictures, statues, etc.  For example, a visual representation microtheory of the statue-of-liberty would include such assertions as `a woman holds up a torch in her right hand', `the woman is dressed in a neo-Classical robe', etc.; it would NOT include such information as, e.g., the statue-of-liberty is made of copper or the statue-of-liberty is in New York harbor.")

;;; volatility
(isa volatility measurable-attribute-type)
(genls volatility physical-attribute)
(genls volatility scalar-interval)
(comment volatility "A collection of attributes; a subset of physical-attribute.  Each element of volatility represents the specific readiness of some liquid to evaporate.  Higher volatility indicates a faster rate of evaporation.  Volatilities of substances are indicated with the predicate volatility-of-substance.")

;;; volt
(isa volt unit-of-voltage)
(isa volt unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa volt m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa volt standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa volt physical-attribute)
(result-isa volt scalar-interval)
(args-isa volt cyc-system-real-number)
(comment volt "The basic unit of electrical potential in the MKS system.  It is defined as one watt per ampere.")

;;; volume
(isa volume derived-numeric-attribute-type)
(genls volume scalar-interval)
(genls volume physical-attribute)
(comment volume "A collection of physical attributes.  Each element of volume is an amount of three-dimensional space occupied by one or more three-dimensional objects.  Elements of volume may be either a fixed interval, such as the volume of a five-gallon aquarium, or a range, such as 'fits in a bread box'.  See unit-of-volume for the units used by Cyc to measure volumes.")

;;; voluntary-body-movement
(isa voluntary-body-movement temporal-object-type)
(isa voluntary-body-movement default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls voluntary-body-movement body-movement-event)
(comment voluntary-body-movement "The collection of acts concerned with an agent's intentionally moving one part of its body relative to another part of its body.  The energy source is the agent's own body, not some external force.  Each instance of waving-a-hand is an instance of voluntary-body-movement --- the focus of that action is on the hand moving relative to the body.  By way of constrast, an instance of opening-a-drawer is probably not going to be an instance of voluntary-body-movement, even though the person opening the drawer probably does move their hand relative to their body, because the focus of the opening-a-drawer action is not on the hand moving, but rather on the drawer opening.")

;;; waging-war
(isa waging-war temporal-object-type)
(isa waging-war default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls waging-war human-activity)
(comment waging-war "The fighting of two or more armies through the use of weapons.  The same as doing battle.")

;;; wagon
(isa wagon product-type)
(isa wagon existing-object-type)
(genls wagon muscle-powered-device)
(genls wagon land-transportation-device)
(genls wagon container-product)
(comment wagon "The collection of all carts and wagons, relatively small non-motorized wheeled devices with two or more wheels, used for moving goods.  Usually they are human-powered or equine-animal driven.")

;;; waking-up-from-sleep
(isa waking-up-from-sleep temporal-object-type)
(isa waking-up-from-sleep default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls waking-up-from-sleep intrinsic-state-change-event)
(genls waking-up-from-sleep single-doer-action)
(genls waking-up-from-sleep animal-activity)
(comment waking-up-from-sleep "The collection of events in which an animal goes from the state of being asleep to being in a waking state.")

;;; wall-of-a-construction
(isa wall-of-a-construction existing-object-type)
(genls wall-of-a-construction construction-artifact)
(comment wall-of-a-construction "Any wall which is a part of a human-shelter-construction.  This includes includes the walls on the outside of the building as well as those on the inside such as the wall separating two rooms in a house.")

;;; warplane
(isa warplane product-type)
(isa warplane existing-object-type)
(genls warplane military-aircraft)
(genls warplane airplane)
(genls warplane weapon)
(comment warplane "The collection of all airplanes which are designed (and often used) as weapons of war.")

;;; warranty
(isa warranty existing-object-type)
(genls warranty authorized-agreement)
(comment warranty "A collection of agreements; a subset of authorized-agreement.  Each element of warranty is an agreement between the seller (and/or manufacturer) and the purchaser of some object or service.  In a warranty, the seller/manufacturer promises that the object or service will be satisfactory in some indicated way (e.g., free of defects, effective, etc.).  Usually a warranty specifies what compensation an unsatisfied purchaser is entitled to (e.g., free repairs, a refund), and how s/he can claim it.")

;;; washing
(isa washing temporal-object-type)
(isa washing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls washing cleaning)
(comment washing "A collection of events, and a subset of cleaning.  In a washing event, some water is being employed in the cleaning, typically with some surfactant such as soap dissolved in the water.  If only water (i.e., no soap) is used in a washing, then the event also belongs to a particular subset of washing, namely rinsing.")

;;; watching-something
(isa watching-something temporal-stuff-type)
(isa watching-something default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls watching-something single-doer-action)
(genls watching-something visual-perception)
(genls watching-something purposeful-action)
(comment watching-something "A collection of events involving the deliberate direction of visual-perception
on the part of an agent.")

;;; water
(isa water object-type)
(isa water chemical-compound-type)
(genls water oxide)
(comment water "A collection of tangible things; a subset of oxide.  Each instance of water is one piece of all the portions of the chemical compound H2O.  Those instances may be in a gaseous, liquid, or solid  state-of-matter; they may be salty, not salty, drinkable, or not drinkable.  Examples of water include portions of the ocean, such as the bay-of-biscay and the bay-of-bengal (see also sea-water); bodies of fresh water, such as niagara-falls or the ganges-river; quantities of chlorinated water (see pool-water); and the contents of bottles of tonic water (see seltzer-water).  Things that have one or more important properties different from water's, but consist mostly of water, don't belong to the collection water but have an element of water as their main-constituent; e.g., urine, coffee, lemonade.")

;;; water--saline
(isa water--saline tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls water--saline water)
(comment water--saline "A collection of tangible things; a subset of water.  Each element of water--saline is a portion of water with some substantial concentration of salt mixed into it.  For example, the red-sea, great-salt-lake, or the salt water I mix up for gargling.")

;;; water-transportation-device
(isa water-transportation-device existing-object-type)
(genls water-transportation-device transportation-device)
(comment water-transportation-device "A collection of transportation devices.  An instance of water-transportation-device is a vehicle used for transportation on or through water (not a device for transporting water).  Subsets of water-transportation-device include the collections ship, boat--water-transportation-device, sailboard, jet-ski, etc.")

;;; watt
(isa watt unit-of-power)
(isa watt unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa watt m-k-s-unit-of-measure)
(isa watt standard-unit-of-measure)
(result-isa watt physical-attribute)
(result-isa watt scalar-interval)
(args-isa watt cyc-system-real-number)
(comment watt "This is the basic unit of power in the metric system and the basic unit-of-power in CYC.  It is a newton-meter per second or a joule per second.")

;;; wave-emission-fn
(isa wave-emission-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa wave-emission-fn script-type)
(result-isa wave-emission-fn temporal-stuff-type)
(result-genl wave-emission-fn emitting-a-wave)
(arg1-isa wave-emission-fn wave-propagation-type)
(arg1-genl wave-emission-fn wave-propagation)
(comment wave-emission-fn "wave-emission-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function.  (wave-emission-fn WAVETYPE) denotes a collection of events which is a subset of emitting-a-wave; each element of (wave-emission-fn WAVETYPE) is an event in which an instance of wave-propagation of the type WAVETYPE is emitted at a from-location.  For example, (wave-emission-fn visible-light) denotes the collection of events in which visible light waves are emitted.")

;;; wave-propagation
(isa wave-propagation temporal-stuff-type)
(isa wave-propagation default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls wave-propagation physical-event)
(genls wave-propagation translocation)
(comment wave-propagation "A collection of events.  Each element of wave-propagation is an event in which a wavelike disturbance propagates through space, with or without a medium.  A wave propagation is like a translational movement in that it can have a from-location and a to-location, but differs in that there is no object-moving. sound and electromagnetic-radiation are types of wave-propagation.  Elements of wave-propagation include the sounds from exploding firecrackers at Penn State's Homecoming celebration in 1989; the light shining from my desk lamp right now; the X-rays generated in the dentist's office last Tuesday, for examining my teeth.")

;;; wave-propagation-type
(isa wave-propagation-type sibling-disjoint-collection)
(genls wave-propagation-type temporal-stuff-type)
(genls wave-propagation-type collection)
(comment wave-propagation-type "A collection of collections.  Each element of wave-propagation-type is itself a collection, containing one type of wave-propagation events.  Examples include the collections electromagnetic-radiation, sound, visible-light, and x-ray.")

;;; wave-reception-fn
(isa wave-reception-fn collection-denoting-function)
(result-isa wave-reception-fn temporal-stuff-type)
(result-genl wave-reception-fn receiving-a-wave)
(arg1-isa wave-reception-fn wave-propagation-type)
(arg1-genl wave-reception-fn wave-propagation)
(comment wave-reception-fn "wave-reception-fn is a Cyc function, specifically a collection-denoting-function. (wave-reception-fn WAVETYPE) denotes a collection of events which is a subset of receiving-a-wave; each element of (wave-reception-fn WAVETYPE) is an event in which an instance of wave-propagation of the type WAVETYPE is received at some to-location.  For example, (wave-reception-fn audible-sound) denotes the collection of events in which audible sound waves are received.")

;;; weapon
(isa weapon existing-object-type)
(genls weapon physical-device)
(genls weapon solid-tangible-product)
(comment weapon "A collection of physical devices.  An instance of weapon is a device primarily designed for destructive action against animals (often against other sentient beings, most often humans) and/or their habitats (or, more rarely, some class of possessions of theirs.)  This collection includes weapons as traditionally defined (e.g., instances of sword, instances of gun--portable, bombs, etc.) and also miscellaneous military vehicles and hardware used to kill, to destroy, to immobilize, etc. in military operations (such as the elements of warplane, modern-naval-ship, tank--vehicle, etc.)
Note that in the case of missile weapons, both the launcher and the ammunition are considered weapons in this sense.  E.g., a bow, an arrow, a missile launcher, an ICBM missile, a gun, a bullet.  This may seem odd at first glance, but in many contexts most of the same axioms apply to both.  Even in our linguistic utterances this carries over; e.g., if asked what killed JFK we can say a rifle, or a bullet from a rifle.  Of course there are specializations (subsets) of weapon that limit themselves to `the real weapon itself' and to `ammunition for missile weapons.'")

;;; wearing-something
(isa wearing-something situation-type)
(genls wearing-something physical-contact-situation)
(genls wearing-something configuration)
(comment wearing-something "A collection of situations; a subset of configuration.  Such a configuration has a temporal as well as a spatial extent, but activity is not implied.  Each element of wearing-something is an arrangement of tangible objects, one of which is wearing the other(s).  Typically the wearer is a living person or animal, although surrogates are possible (e.g., mannequins, dolls, or corpses).  Objects worn are elements of something-to-wear.  See also wearer, wears-clothing.")

;;; weather-attribute
(isa weather-attribute unordered-attribute-type)
(genls weather-attribute attribute-value)
(comment weather-attribute "A collection of attributes.  Each element of weather-attribute is an attribute that can be used to describe the weather occurring in a geographic region.  Examples: snowy, foggy.  See also weather-attributes.")

;;; weather-event
(isa weather-event temporal-object-type)
(isa weather-event default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls weather-event 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AMBIENT-PROCESS"))
(genls weather-event physical-event)
(comment weather-event "A collection of events.  Each element of weather-event is a meteorological event of some duration, occurring over some spatial region.  Some weather events are almost instantaneous (e.g., elements of the collection lightning-event); others encompass an entire annual-climate-cycle.  Spatially, weather events may cover a small locality or a large portion of a continent.  Weather events are regional weather (in the short term) and are, or partially constitute, the annual climate of a region (in the long term).")

;;; weekly-event-type
(isa weekly-event-type collection)
(genls weekly-event-type temporal-object-type)
(comment weekly-event-type "The collection of event-types that occur weekly.  Each weekly-event-type is a collection of events, all of which are synchronized with the calendar and which occur once a week.  E.g., once instance weekly-event-type is cyc-staff-meeting, since there is an instance of cyc-staff-meeting once a week.")

;;; west--directly
(isa west--directly unit-vector--precise)
(isa west--directly geographical-direction)
(genl-attributes west--directly west--generally)
(comment west--directly "Due West, an element of terrestrial-direction.")

;;; west--generally
(isa west--generally geographical-direction)
(comment west--generally "The general direction of West.  The element of vector-interval that comprises the cone-shaped set of vectors pointing (from some reference point) within approximately forty-five degrees of west--directly.")

;;; white-collar
(isa white-collar job-attribute)
(comment white-collar "An attribute; an element of job-attribute.  White collar jobs are those requiring little or no manual/physical labor; they are usually indoor jobs.")

;;; wild-animal
(isa wild-animal existing-object-type)
(genls wild-animal non-person-animal)
(comment wild-animal "The collection of all animals that are not domesticated or tame.  Note that a captive animal may still be a wild animal, e.g., zoo animals that are not tame or domesticated.  Cf. captive-animal, domesticated-animal.")

;;; wind-powered-device
(isa wind-powered-device existing-object-type)
(genls wind-powered-device kinetic-energy-powered-device)
(comment wind-powered-device "The subset of kinetic-energy-powered-device (q.v.) whose elements are powered by the wind.  For example, instances of the collection windmill.")

;;; wind-process
(isa wind-process temporal-stuff-type)
(genls wind-process translation--flow)
(genls wind-process immediate-weather-process)
(comment wind-process "The collection of events in which the ambient air at a geographical-region (or some significant part of the total air mass) is in motion.")

;;; window-pane
(isa window-pane existing-object-type)
(genls window-pane solid-tangible-product)
(comment window-pane "Each individual pane in a window. A window may only have one window pane.")

;;; window-portal
(isa window-portal region-type)
(genls window-portal portal)
(genls window-portal part-of-building)
(comment window-portal "Windows are one kind of portal found in a human occupation construct.  They are usually covered by window-the-portal-covering, which is the physical object made primarily of glass through which one can see.")

;;; window-the-portal-covering
(isa window-the-portal-covering existing-object-type)
(genls window-the-portal-covering portal-covering)
(genls window-the-portal-covering part-of-building)
(comment window-the-portal-covering "The physical object which 'covers' or fills in the window-portal. It is a physical barrier, but because it is made primarily of glass, it allows light to enter.")

;;; winter-season
(isa winter-season temporal-object-type)
(genls winter-season season-of-year)
(comment winter-season "The collection of Winter seasons.  In the temperate-climate-cycle, generally a time of cold and dormancy.  winter-season represents the climatic aspects of Winter; for its purely temporal aspects, see calendar-winter.")

;;; womens-clothing
(isa womens-clothing product-type)
(isa womens-clothing existing-object-type)
(genls womens-clothing sheet-of-some-stuff)
(genls womens-clothing something-to-wear)
(comment womens-clothing "A collection of objects.  Each element of womens-clothing is a clothing item worn usually by women, i.e., items normally found in the women's section of department stores.  Subsets include skirts and hair-pins.")

;;; wood
(isa wood tangible-stuff-composition-type)
(genls wood organic-stuff)
(genls wood solid-tangible-thing)
(genls wood plant-product)
(genls wood structural-support-stuff)
(comment wood "A collection of tangible things.  Each element of wood is a piece of solid, rigid, fibrous organic substance in or derived-from the inside of the trunks and limbs of trees.  For example, any pieces of wooden furniture, doors, boards, fences, firewood, wooden spoons, etc.  Use the Cyc function wood-fn with a collection of trees of one species, to designate the collection of all pieces of wood from a particular species of tree; e.g., (wood-fn oak-tree).  Note: cork and amber are NOT included in the collection wood.")

;;; work-agreement
(isa work-agreement existing-object-type)
(genls work-agreement agreement)
(comment work-agreement "A collection of intangible objects; a subset of agreement.  Every element of work-agreement is an agreement between an employer and an employee, regarding the duties and remuneration which pertain to that worker's job for that employer.  Elements of work-agreement consist of various sub-agreements, typically including elements of job-description, compensation-package, and some code-of-conduct.")

;;; work-status
(isa work-status attribute-type)
(genls work-status composite-attribute)
(comment work-status "A collection of attributes.  Each element of work-status is a classification commonly used by human resources departments to describe the status of workers on the company payroll.  Note that these attributes describe a person's status in a job, rather than the position itself.  Examples of work-status include commissioned, hourly-work, full-time, part-time, temporary-work. Also see employee-status.")

;;; workplace
(isa workplace contact-location-type)
(genls workplace physical-contact-location)
(genls workplace humanly-occupied-spatial-object)
(comment workplace "The collection of places where people customarily work (not the employing organizations).  workplace includes offices, restaurant buildings, construction sites, agricultural sites, the space-needle, etc.  Some places may be workplaces only during a small part of their existence (a piece of residential property while the house is being built, perhaps); some may almost always be workplaces (grocery store buildings, office buildings, smithies, hospitals, etc.).")

;;; writing
(isa writing temporal-object-type)
(isa writing default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls writing i-b-o-creation)
(genls writing visual-information-conveying-act)
(genls writing making-something)
(comment writing "The collection of actions in which text is produced, either via writing by hand, with a typewriter, with a computer, etc.  Could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous set of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days).  writing is not a communicating, because there is not necessarily a successful transfer of information to some other agent.  Of course, instances of writing can be sub-events of such transfers.")

;;; writing-by-hand
(isa writing-by-hand temporal-stuff-type)
(isa writing-by-hand default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls writing-by-hand writing)
(genls writing-by-hand handling-a-device)
(genls writing-by-hand marking-on-a-surface)
(comment writing-by-hand "Writing is the formation of characters or symbols on a suitable surface for transmitting information.")

;;; writing-implement
(isa writing-implement existing-object-type)
(genls writing-implement shaft)
(genls writing-implement hand-tool)
(comment writing-implement "A collection of tools.  An instance of writing-implement is a hand-held tool which is intended to be primarily used, by a person, for writing.  Subsets include the collections chalk and writing-pen (but not typewriter).  
Note: A marginal example is a PDA, such as an Apple Newton, with a stylus; both items, the PDA and the stylus, can be held in one's hands and used to record one's handwritten notes.  Another marginal positive example is a stylus designed to held in the mouth by a quadraplegic person; i.e., `hand-held' is not an absolutely hard and fast constraint here.  A close NON-example is a handheld calculator.")

;;; x-ray
(isa x-ray wave-propagation-type)
(genls x-ray electromagnetic-radiation)
(comment x-ray "A collection of events; a subset of electromagnetic-radiation.  Each element of x-ray is an instance of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength range from about 1 angstrom to 1x10^-3 angstroms.  Includes X-rays produced both naturally and artificially.")

;;; year-fn
(isa year-fn non-predicate-function)
(isa year-fn individual-denoting-function)
(result-isa year-fn calendar-year)
(arg1-isa year-fn integer)
(comment year-fn "(year-fn ?N) denotes a calendar-year -- 
in particular, the year ?N in the Gregorian calendar.  
For example (year-fn 1966) denotes the year 1966. Non-positive 
years are permitted: (year-fn -1) denotes 1 B.C., (year-fn -2)
denotes 2 B.C., etc.) 
There is no (year-fn 0), just as in the Gregorian calender
there is no year 0. Note that year-fn -- unlike day-fn, 
month-fn, etc. -- takes only one argument.")

;;; years-duration
(isa years-duration unit-of-measure)
(isa years-duration unit-of-measure-no-prefix)
(isa years-duration unit-of-time)
(result-isa years-duration time--quantity)
(result-isa years-duration scalar-interval)
(args-isa years-duration cyc-system-real-number)
(comment years-duration "This is a function that takes one or two numbers and returns, as its value, some amount of time.  An expression of the form (years-duration ?min ?max) denotes a quantity of time that is at least ?min years and at most ?max years.  (years-duration ?num) denotes a quantity of time that is exactly ?num years.")

;;; abnormal
(isa abnormal default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa abnormal binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa abnormal cyc-system-list)
(arg2-isa abnormal assertion)
(comment abnormal "Every default rule in our system

  P(x1,...,xn) => Q(x1,...,xn)

is implicitly treated as

  (not(abnormal(x1,...,xn)) and P(x1,...,xn) => Q(x1,...,xn)

This allows rules without exceptions to never have to incur the
overhead of default reasoning.

Exceptions to rules are written like so:

  (except-when R(x1,...,xn) Rule001)

and get canonicalized into rules concluding abnormal like so:

  R(x1,...,xn) => (abnormal(x1,....,xn) Rule001)

Since a different 'abnormality' predicte is needed for every default
rule in the system, we instead handle this uniqueness requirement by
having a single abnormal predicate which takes the rule in question
as an argument.

Also, the variables over which abnormality is computed is given as a
single list.  This allows abnormal to be binary rather than
arbitrary arity. ")

;;; above--directly
(isa above--directly physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(isa above--directly asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa above--directly transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds above--directly above--generally)
(arg1-isa above--directly partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa above--directly partially-tangible)
(comment above--directly "(above--directly ABOVE BELOW) means either (1) the volumetric center of ABOVE is directly above some point of BELOW, if ABOVE is smaller than BELOW; or (2) otherwise, it means that some point of ABOVE is directly above the volumetric center of BELOW.")

;;; above--generally
(not 
  (isa above--generally transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa above--generally physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(isa above--generally asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds above--generally above--higher)
(arg1-isa above--generally partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa above--generally partially-tangible)
(comment above--generally "(above--higher OBJ1 OBJ2)
means that OBJ1 is more or less above OBJ2. To be more 
precise: if OBJ1 would be within a cone-shaped set of 
vectors within about 45 degrees of up--directly 
pointing up from OBJ2 (see up--generally), then 
(above--higher OBJ1 OBJ2). This
is a wider predicate than above--directly, but narrower
than above--higher. It probably most closely conforms to
the English word 'above.'")
(synonymous-external-concept above--generally s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABOVE")

;;; above--higher
(isa above--higher cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa above--higher asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa above--higher transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa above--higher spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds above--higher cotemporal)
(arg1-isa above--higher partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa above--higher partially-tangible)
(comment above--higher "(above--higher ?OBJ-A ?OBJ-B) means that ?OBJ-A is ``higher up'' than ?OBJ-B.  Since most contexts are terrestrial (see terrestrial-frame-of-reference-mt) ``higher up'' typically means that the altitude-above-ground of ?OBJ-A is greater than that of ?OBJ-B.")

;;; above--overhead
(isa above--overhead irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa above--overhead transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa above--overhead asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa above--overhead spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds above--overhead above--generally)
(genl-preds above--overhead above--directly)
(arg1-isa above--overhead partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa above--overhead partially-tangible)
(comment above--overhead "(above--overhead ABOVE BELOW) means that ABOVE is directly above BELOW, all points of ABOVE are higher than all points of BELOW, and they do NOT touch.  Examples: a bomb falling directly above a bunker; a street lamp shining directly above a person standing below.")

;;; above--touching
(isa above--touching spatial-predicate)
(isa above--touching asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa above--touching transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa above--touching irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds above--touching above--directly)
(genl-preds above--touching above--generally)
(genl-preds above--touching touches)
(arg1-isa above--touching partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa above--touching partially-tangible)
(comment above--touching "(above--touching ABOVE BELOW) means that ABOVE is located over BELOW and they are touching.  More precisely, it implies both (above--directly ABOVE BELOW) and that ABOVE touches BELOW.  Examples: a person sitting on a chair; coffee in a cup; a boat on water; a hat on a head. (Note that not every point of ABOVE must be higher than every point of BELOW.)")

;;; account-administrator
(isa account-administrator binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa account-administrator account)
(arg2-isa account-administrator agent)
(comment account-administrator "The predicate account-administrator identifies the agent who administers a particular account.  (account-administrator ACCT AGENT) means that the account ACCT is administered by the individual or organization AGENT.")

;;; account-balance
(isa account-balance interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa account-balance financial-account)
(arg2-isa account-balance money)
(comment account-balance "The predicate account-balance is used to indicate the balance of a particular account.  (account-balance ACCT BAL) means that the financial-account ACCT has the balance BAL; BAL is the amount of money either owed by, or available to, the account-holder (depending upon the type of account).")

;;; account-holder
(isa account-holder binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa account-holder account)
(arg2-isa account-holder agent)
(comment account-holder "The predicate account-holder identifies the holder of a particular account.  (account-holder ACCT AGENT) means that the account ACCT is held by the individual or organization AGENT; thus, money (or some other valuable) is owed to or from AGENT, in the amount shown in the account (see account-balance).")

;;; account-status
(isa account-status binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa account-status account)
(arg2-isa account-status account-status-attribute)
(comment account-status "The predicate account-status indicates whether a particular account is paid up, overdue, delinquent, etc.  (account-status ACCT STATUS) means that the account ACCT has the attribute STATUS (see also account-status-attribute).")

;;; acknowledged-act
(isa acknowledged-act asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa acknowledged-act irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa acknowledged-act anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds acknowledged-act starts-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa acknowledged-act acknowledging--communication-act)
(arg2-isa acknowledged-act communication-act--single)
(comment acknowledged-act "(acknowledged-act ?ACKACT ?COMACT) means that the communication-act--single ?COMACT is acknowledged and replied-to by the responsive acknowledging--communication-act ?ACKACT.   Particular acceptances or rejections of a particular project proposal would involve examples of this predicate, as would a person responding to a wedding invitation, or a court responding to a motion.  See also response-to which refers to the abstarct content of the communication.")

;;; acquaintances
(isa acquaintances ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa acquaintances person)
(arg2-isa acquaintances agent)
(arg3-isa acquaintances acquaintance-attribute)
(comment acquaintances "(acquaintances X Y HOW) means that X is acquainted with Y,  at least in the way (and/or to the degree) specified by HOW.  Note that Y must be an agent, so this is not the predicate to use to express the fact that Fred `is acquainted with' drag racing.  Note that, depending on the value for HOW, there may or may not be some way in which Y is acquainted with X.  E.g., (acquaintances lenat Madonna true-fan-acquaintance) but there is no Z such that (acquaintances Madonna lenat Z).
Note that X and Y should rarely be instances of entity.  In fact, Doug has only been acqainted with Madonna since 1983, so we should write (holds-in (time-interval-from-fn (year-fn 1983) now) (acquaintances lenat Madonna true-fan-acquaintance)).")

;;; acquainted-with
(isa acquainted-with cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa acquainted-with reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa acquainted-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa acquainted-with transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa acquainted-with anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa acquainted-with asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds acquainted-with cotemporal)
(genl-inverse acquainted-with acquainted-with)
(arg1-isa acquainted-with individual-agent)
(arg2-isa acquainted-with individual-agent)
(comment acquainted-with "(acquainted-with AGENT1 AGENT2) means the individual-agent AGENT1 is acquainted with the individual-agent AGENT2 (in the minimal sense that AGENT1 has come into physical or conversational contact with AGENT2, or that they have somehow knowingly communicated with each other).  This typically means that each individual-agent is aware of some facts about the other.  In cases where one of the individual-agents is sentient, this typically includes the ability of this agent to recognize the other by appearance, voice, scent, or some other physical attribute.")

;;; action-expresses-feeling
(isa action-expresses-feeling binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa action-expresses-feeling action)
(arg2-isa action-expresses-feeling feeling-attribute-type)
(arg2-genl action-expresses-feeling feeling-attribute)
(comment action-expresses-feeling "(action-expresses-feeling ACT EMOTYPE) means that the particular action ACT expresses the doer's feeling of EMOTYPE.
Note: additional complications arise in using this in inference, as people can `fake' actions such as laughing, crying, etc., to mislead other people.")

;;; actor-capacity
(isa actor-capacity ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa actor-capacity something-existing)
(arg2-isa actor-capacity situation)
(arg3-isa actor-capacity capacity-attribute)
(comment actor-capacity "The predicate actor-capacity is used to indicate the capacity in which some entity participates in a particular event or situation.  (actor-capacity ENTITY SIT CAP) means that ENTITY has an (unspecified) role in SIT with the capacity-attribute CAP.  An important use of actor-capacity is with the capacity attributes main-function or intended-function to state that a device is serving its primary-function or intended function (i.e., intended-behavior-capable) in a certain situation.")

;;; actor-parts-affected
(isa actor-parts-affected actor-slot)
(genl-preds actor-parts-affected non-deliberate-actors)
(genl-preds actor-parts-affected object-acted-on)
(arg1-isa actor-parts-affected event)
(arg2-isa actor-parts-affected organism-part)
(arg2-isa actor-parts-affected animal-body-part)
(comment actor-parts-affected "(actor-parts-affected ACT PART) means that PART is an object-acted-on in ACT, and it is one of the anatomical-parts of the organism which is bodily-acted-on in ACT.  For example, during a man's morning shave, his beard is an actor-parts-affected, but the hand with which he shaves is not, because his beard is changed, but his hand is not changed (`acted on') in any significant way.")

;;; actor-parts-involved
(isa actor-parts-involved actor-slot)
(genl-preds actor-parts-involved non-deliberate-actors)
(genl-preds actor-parts-involved pre-actors)
(arg1-isa actor-parts-involved event)
(arg2-isa actor-parts-involved organism-part)
(comment actor-parts-involved "(actor-parts-involved ACT PART) means that PART is one of the anatomical-parts of an organism who has an active role in the event ACT, and, moreover, that PART is somehow involved in the action.  Note that the organism to which PART belongs either performs or does ACT; it is not merely an object-acted-on.  Some examples of actor-parts-involved  include: the eyes of someone who is sneezing (or crying); the left foot of someone playing in a football game; the right hand of someone who is shaking hands; the claws of a cat who is scratching someone.  As a negative example, consider your hair while you are getting a haircut.  It is not an actor-parts-involved, because you are passive in that event; it is, though, an actor-parts-affected in that event.")

;;; actors
(isa actors actor-slot)
(genl-preds actors temporally-intersects)
(arg1-isa actors event)
(arg2-isa actors something-existing)
(comment actors "The predicate actors is the most general instance of actor-slot.  All other actor slots are specializations of this predicate.  Thus, actors is a broad concept which includes any entity which is involved in an action.  (actors EVENT ACTOR) means that ACTOR is somehow meaningfully (directly or indirectly) involved in EVENT during EVENT.  Mere cotemporality of objects (somewhere in the universe) with a particular event is not enough `involvement' to make those objects actors of that event.  Nor is a representation of an event among the actors of that event, unless the representation affects the event.")
(synonymous-external-concept actors s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PARTICIPANT")

;;; acts-in-capacity
(isa acts-in-capacity quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa acts-in-capacity agent)
(arg2-isa acts-in-capacity actor-slot)
(arg3-isa acts-in-capacity script-type)
(arg4-isa acts-in-capacity capacity-attribute)
(comment acts-in-capacity "The predicate acts-in-capacity indicates the capacity in which an agent participates in certain kinds of actions.  (acts-in-capacity AGENT ROLE SCRIPT-TYPE CAP) means that the agent AGENT plays the role ROLE in instances of SCRIPT-TYPE, and s/he does that role in the capacity CAP.  CAP is a capacity-attribute (q.v.) which describes the AGENT's mode of participation--e.g., as a job, hobby, main function, support function, etc.  Contrast three cases of acts of greeting-someone, when performed-by: (1) instances of receptionist, in their job-capacity and as their main-function; (2) instances of flight-attendant, in their job-capacity but as a support-function; and (3) instances of train-engineer, in a hobby-capacity (though they do it while working, it's not part of their job).")

;;; address-text
(isa address-text functional-slot)
(arg1-isa address-text contact-location)
(arg2-isa address-text address--location-designator)
(comment address-text "The predicate address-text maps a particular element of contact-location to its address--location-designator, ADDRESS.  (address-text LOC ADDRESS) means that the contact-location LOC has the address ADDRESS.  For example, the address-text of the Cycorp mailing-location is `Cycorp, 3721 Executive Center Dr., Ste. 100, Austin, TX 78731-1615.'  See also contact-location.")

;;; adjacent-paths-at-junction
(isa adjacent-paths-at-junction cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa adjacent-paths-at-junction connection-predicate)
(isa adjacent-paths-at-junction spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds adjacent-paths-at-junction on-path--generic)
(genl-preds adjacent-paths-at-junction cotemporal)
(genl-preds adjacent-paths-at-junction physical-decompositions)
(genl-preds adjacent-paths-at-junction connected-to)
(arg1-isa adjacent-paths-at-junction junction-of-paths)
(arg2-isa adjacent-paths-at-junction path--generic)
(comment adjacent-paths-at-junction "(adjacentPathsAtJunction JUNCT PATH) means that the junction-of-paths JUNCT has PATH as one of the paths joining it. A junction may connect many paths (it must connect more than one), and a path may pass through many junctions, and may end at a junction.  Examples: all the streets meeting at a certain intersection, or the particular trachea and both primary bronchi meeting at  the tracheobronchial-junction between a certain person's lungs.  Within a specified path-system, a node is the end of all the links to that node; this is established with link-between-in-system or path-between-in-system.")

;;; adjacent-to
(not 
  (isa adjacent-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa adjacent-to spatial-predicate)
(isa adjacent-to physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(isa adjacent-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa adjacent-to inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-preds adjacent-to touches)
(genl-inverse adjacent-to adjacent-to)
(arg1-isa adjacent-to spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa adjacent-to spatial-thing)
(comment adjacent-to "arg1 and arg2 are touching such that their region of contact is a line (i.e. not a point).  Also arg1 is neither above nor below arg2.")

;;; affiliated-with
(not 
  (isa affiliated-with transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa affiliated-with irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa affiliated-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa affiliated-with cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds affiliated-with cotemporal)
(genl-inverse affiliated-with affiliated-with)
(arg1-isa affiliated-with agent)
(arg2-isa affiliated-with agent)
(comment affiliated-with "(affiliated-with AGENT1 AGENT2) means agents AGENT1 and AGENT2 are somehow affiliated.  This is a broad relation, but it involves at least the voluntary entry into an understood relationship, with rights and obligations, by at least one of the affiliated agents; i.e., they may be business partners, kin, employer/employee, one (say a person) may be a member of the other (say an organization), parent-company/subsidiary, etc.")

;;; after
(isa after irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa after primitive-temporal-relation)
(isa after asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa after transitive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa after time-point)
(arg2-isa after time-point)
(comment after "(after ?X ?Y) means time-point ?X is after (occurs later in time than) time-point ?Y.   
Note:  Individual time-points are seldom mentioned in axioms; rather, the axiom is likely to use some complex-temporal-relation, such as starts-after-ending-of, which holds between two temporal-thing.   These complex-temporal-relations are themselves usually defined in terms of primitive-temporal-relations, such as after and simultaneous-with, which relate one time-point to another.")
(overlapping-external-concept after s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AFTER")

;;; after-adding
(isa after-adding inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate)
(isa after-adding binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa after-adding predicate)
(arg2-isa after-adding cyc-system-symbol)
(comment after-adding "Whenever a source is added to a gaf use of a predicate, each of that predicate's after-adding functions is called on that source.")

;;; after-removing
(isa after-removing inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate)
(isa after-removing binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa after-removing predicate)
(arg2-isa after-removing cyc-system-symbol)
(comment after-removing "Whenever a source is removed from a gaf use of a predicate, each of that predicate's after-removing functions is called on that source.")

;;; age
(isa age interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa age something-existing)
(arg2-isa age time--quantity)
(comment age "(age THING TIME) means that the thing THING
has the age TIME, where thing can be a person, a galaxy, or
anything else with temporal extent, e.g., (age MaryShepherd 
       (YearsDuration 40)). The previous assertion is not quite right, however:
notice that one can talk about the birth-date of a person quite safely, but whenever one makes a statement about the AGE of a person that statement will only be true `for a while' -- i.e., in some temporal context.  Therefore it would be a mistake to simply assert to Cyc that (age lenat (years-duration 45)), because that would be true in some contexts and false in others.  So what one does is to assert an expression of the form  (holds-in ?X (age ?Y ?Z)) to indicate that during time interval ?X, the thing ?Y has age ?Z.  For example, (holds-in (quarter-fn 2 (year-fn 1996)) (age lenat (years-duration 45)), which means that Doug is a 45-year-old during the entire second quarter of 1996.  It is seldom correct to use age outside of some temporal qualification.")
(synonymous-external-concept age s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AGE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION")

;;; agreeing-agents
(isa agreeing-agents inter-actor-slot)
(arg1-isa agreeing-agents agreement)
(arg2-isa agreeing-agents agent)
(comment agreeing-agents "The predicate agreeing-agents relates a particular agreement to the agents who are making the agreement.  (agreeing-agents AGR PARTY) means that the agreement AGR has the agent PARTY among its agreeing parties.  agreeing-agents may have specialized roles, such as agreeing-buyer or agreeing-seller, insuring-agent or policy-holder, employed-agent or employing-agent.  The agreeing-agents will be mentioned in their agreement.")

;;; agreement-forbids
(isa agreement-forbids ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa agreement-forbids agreement)
(arg2-isa agreement-forbids agent)
(arg3-isa agreement-forbids script-type)
(comment agreement-forbids "The predicate agreement-forbids is used to indicate types of actions that a particular agent is forbidden from performing under the terms of a particular agreement.  (agreement-forbids AGR AGENT ACT-TYPE) means that the agreement AGR forbids the agent AGENT from ACT-TYPE activities.  For example, an instance of peace-accord agreement-forbids the governments who signed it from waging-war against one another; or, a business contract may forbid one agent from competing with another after s/he sells rights to a product, design, or practice to the second agent.")

;;; agreement-period
(isa agreement-period binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa agreement-period agreement)
(arg2-isa agreement-period time-interval)
(comment agreement-period "The predicate agreement-period is used to indicate the period of time during which a particular agreement is in force.  (agreement-period AGR TIME) means that the agreement AGR holds during the time-interval TIME; i.e., TIME is the period during which the assertions made in AGR are supposed to be true.  TIME may or may not begin at the moment that AGR is created; e.g., I may sign an employment contract on the very day I begin working or several weeks before, to begin on a specified future date.  Or an agreement-period could begin before the agreement was made, e.g., when an agent agreed to pay disputed royalties retroactively.")

;;; alertness-level
(isa alertness-level interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa alertness-level individual-agent)
(arg2-isa alertness-level alertness)
(comment alertness-level "Predicate (alertness-level SENTIENT_BEING LEVEL) indicates how alert SENTIENT_BEING is in the period in which the predicate holds.  The major levels are unconscious and awake, but more specific attributes such as asleep and very-alert exist as well.")

;;; ambient-relative-humidity
(isa ambient-relative-humidity interval-based-quantity-slot)
(genl-preds ambient-relative-humidity has-attributes)
(arg1-isa ambient-relative-humidity geographical-region)
(arg2-isa ambient-relative-humidity relative-humidity)
(comment ambient-relative-humidity "(ambient-relative-humidity LOC DEGREE) indicates the DEGREE to which the water vapor content of the air at LOC approaches the total possible saturation (at that temperature).")

;;; ambient-temperature
(isa ambient-temperature interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa ambient-temperature partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa ambient-temperature temperature)
(comment ambient-temperature "The predicate ambient-temperature is used to indicate the average temperature in the free space around a particular object.  (ambient-temperature OBJ TEMP) means that the space around the tangible object OBJ is at the temperature TEMP.  Used with holds-in (q.v.), ambient-temperature expresses the surrounding temperature for a given object at some point in time.  For the temperature of the object itself, use temperature-of-object (q.v.).")

;;; ambient-visibility
(isa ambient-visibility interval-based-quantity-slot)
(genl-preds ambient-visibility has-attributes)
(arg1-isa ambient-visibility geographical-region)
(arg2-isa ambient-visibility visibility)
(comment ambient-visibility "(ambient-visibility LOC DEGREE) indicates how clear the ambient fluid is at the location LOC.  Higher values of DEGREE mean one can see farther (than one could have at lower values).")

;;; amount-of-sales-by-to-during
(isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during functional-predicate)
(isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during quintary-predicate)
(arg1-isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during agent)
(arg2-isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during agent)
(arg3-isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during time-interval)
(arg4-isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during product-type)
(arg4-genl amount-of-sales-by-to-during product)
(arg5-isa amount-of-sales-by-to-during money)
(comment amount-of-sales-by-to-during "The predicate amount-of-sales-by-to-during is used to indicate how much of a certain product was sold by a particular seller to a particular buyer.  (amount-of-sales-by-to-during SELLER BUYER TIMEPD PRODTYPE REVENUE) means that, during the time-interval TIMEPD, SELLER (an agent) sold to BUYER (another agent) some amount of the product-type PRODTYPE, worth the total amount of money REVENUE.  For example, to say that a restaurant, threadgills, sold $3000 worth of their pumpkin pies to a local grocery store in November, we would say: (amount-of-sales-by-to-during threadgills HEBAt2222 (month-fn november (year-fn 1996)) pumpkin-pie (dollar--united-states 3000)).")

;;; amplitude-of-signal
(isa amplitude-of-signal interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa amplitude-of-signal wave-propagation)
(arg2-isa amplitude-of-signal distance)
(comment amplitude-of-signal "(amplitude-of-signal ?WAVE ?AMP) means the distance from the average to the extremes of the signal ?WAVE is ?AMP.")

;;; analogous-feelings
(isa analogous-feelings intensional-representation-predicate)
(isa analogous-feelings irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa analogous-feelings symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa analogous-feelings transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse analogous-feelings analogous-feelings)
(arg1-isa analogous-feelings feeling-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl analogous-feelings feeling-attribute)
(arg2-isa analogous-feelings feeling-attribute-type)
(arg2-genl analogous-feelings feeling-attribute)
(comment analogous-feelings "(analogous-feelings EMOTYPE1 EMOTYPE2) means that a feeling of the type EMOTYPE1 is analogous to a feeling of the type EMOTYPE2.  In part, this means that there is a high probability that an agent having an emotion of one type is also feeling an emotion of the other type.  Often the two feelings differ only in degree, context, etc.  E.g., (analogous-feelings irritation anger) and (analogous-feelings irritation impatience).")

;;; anatomical-part-type-affected
(isa anatomical-part-type-affected binary-predicate)
(isa anatomical-part-type-affected type-predicate)
(arg1-isa anatomical-part-type-affected animal-activity)
(arg2-isa anatomical-part-type-affected existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl anatomical-part-type-affected animal-body-part)
(comment anatomical-part-type-affected "(anatomical-part-type-affected ACT BODYPARTTYPE) means that body parts of the animal-body-part-type BODYPARTTYPE are affected by the action ACT.  For example, if BRUSHING is a teeth-cleaning event, then (anatomical-part-type-affected BRUSHING set-of-teeth).")

;;; anatomical-parts
(isa anatomical-parts physical-part-predicate)
(isa anatomical-parts cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds anatomical-parts physical-parts)
(genl-preds anatomical-parts cotemporal)
(arg1-isa anatomical-parts organism--whole)
(arg2-isa anatomical-parts organism-part)
(comment anatomical-parts "(anatomical-parts ORGM PART) means that PART is an anatomical part of the (whole) organism ORGM.  
Note that to represent the decomposition of parts of subparts --- for example, to say that a finger is part of a hand --- one should use the predicate physical-parts (qv), not anatomical-parts.")

;;; anatomical-resource-required
(isa anatomical-resource-required ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa anatomical-resource-required animal-activity)
(arg2-isa anatomical-resource-required existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl anatomical-resource-required animal-body-part)
(arg3-isa anatomical-resource-required non-negative-integer)
(comment anatomical-resource-required "(anatomical-resource-required ACT BODYPARTTYPE NUM) means that the successful doer of ACT must have this many (NUM) of the animal-body-part-type BODYPARTTYPE.  For example, if VOLANT is an element of flying--flapping-wings, then (anatomical-resource-required VOLANT wing--animal-body-part 2).")

;;; anatomically-capable-of
(isa anatomically-capable-of ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa anatomically-capable-of animal)
(arg2-isa anatomically-capable-of collection)
(arg2-genl anatomically-capable-of situation)
(arg3-isa anatomically-capable-of role)
(comment anatomically-capable-of "The predicate anatomically-capable-of indicates that an agent is anatomically able to take a certain role in a certain type of situation or event.  (anatomically-capable-of AGENT SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that an individual animal AGENT has the anatomical prerequisites (natural or prosthetic) to act in this ROLE in normal instances of SIT-TYPE.  For example, to express that Karen is capable of walking, Cyc would say (anatomically-capable-of Karen biped-walking performed-by).  AGENT may or may not have the skills (or other prerequisites) for actually doing a SIT-TYPE.  anatomically-capable-of entails that AGENT satisfies the relevant anatomical-resource-required constraint--e.g., for Karen's biped-walking, that she has two legs (natural or prosthetic).  As a default, Cyc concludes that animals who have the anatomical-parts needed for a certain kind of activity are anatomically-capable-of that activity--for example, that people who have arms and legs are anatomically-capable-of swimming; those conclusions would be overridden by the additional information that a person was paralyzed.")

;;; ancestors
(isa ancestors asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa ancestors transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa ancestors anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa ancestors irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds ancestors biological-relatives)
(arg1-isa ancestors animal)
(arg2-isa ancestors animal)
(comment ancestors "(ancestors YOUNGER OLDER) means OLDER is one of the biological ancestors of YOUNGER.  OLDER could be one of YOUNGER's biological parents, biological grandparents, biological great-grandparents, etc.")

;;; and
(isa and logical-connective)
(isa and commutative-relation)
(isa and variable-arity-relation)
(args-isa and cyc-formula)
(comment and "The predicate and is the conjunction relation in Cyc.  and is a variable-arity predicate and takes any number of elements of cyc-formula as its arguments.  (and P Q ... Z) is true if all of the formulas P, Q, ..., and Z are true in Cyc.")
(result-isa and cyc-expression)

;;; angular-acceleration
(isa angular-acceleration physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa angular-acceleration physical-event)
(arg2-isa angular-acceleration angular-acceleration-rate)
(comment angular-acceleration "The rate at which the angle to an object is accelerating")

;;; appropriate-emotion
(isa appropriate-emotion quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa appropriate-emotion situation)
(arg2-isa appropriate-emotion role)
(arg3-isa appropriate-emotion feeling-attribute-type)
(arg3-genl appropriate-emotion feeling-attribute)
(arg4-isa appropriate-emotion generic-attribute)
(comment appropriate-emotion "(appropriate-emotion SIT ROLE EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that in the situation SIT, an intelligent agent filling the role ROLE would be expected to feel an emotion of feeling-attribute-type EMOTYPE with the intensity DEGREE.  If such an agent did not feel that emotion, s/he would generally be considered rude or strange. E.g., a high degree of grief is an appropriate-emotion for someone in the audience at a funeral (but not for the workers, the deceased, etc.)")

;;; approximate-pay
(isa approximate-pay interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa approximate-pay occupation-type)
(arg1-genl approximate-pay professional)
(arg2-isa approximate-pay monetary-flow-rate)
(comment approximate-pay "The predicate approximate-pay is used to estimate a typical amount of pay offered to workers in a specific occupation.  (approximate-pay JOBTYPE RATE) means that a person working in the occupation-type JOBTYPE makes approximately the monetary-flow-rate RATE, as earned income.  RATE might be expressed in, e.g., dollars-per-hour, pounds-per-week, or yen-per-year.  RATE refers to average pay for the occupation JOBTYPE, excluding any unearned pay (such as matching 401K contributions) and the value of other employee benefits.")

;;; area-of-object
(isa area-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa area-of-object physical-amount-slot)
(genl-preds area-of-object 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AREA"))
(arg1-isa area-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa area-of-object area)
(comment area-of-object "A general slot to denote the area of some object.  This could be the area of a geographical-region, a desk top, or a cross-section of wire.")

;;; area-of-region
(isa area-of-region interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa area-of-region tangible-object-predicate)
(genl-preds area-of-region 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AREA"))
(genl-preds area-of-region area-of-object)
(arg1-isa area-of-region geographical-region)
(arg2-isa area-of-region area)
(comment area-of-region "The predicate area-of-region is used to indicate the physical area of a particular region.  (area-of-region REGION AREA) means that the physical size of the geographical-region REGION is the area AREA.  Examples: (area-of-region lake-erie (square-mile 9940)), (area-of-region elba--island--italy (square-mile 86)), (area-of-region vatican-city (square-mile 0.17)), (area-of-region china--peoples-republic (square-mile 3705390)).  See area for ways of representing areas.")

;;; areas-of-origin
(isa areas-of-origin binary-predicate)
(isa areas-of-origin intensional-representation-predicate)
(arg1-isa areas-of-origin ethnic-group-type)
(arg2-isa areas-of-origin geographical-region)
(comment areas-of-origin "The predicate areas-of-origin relates an ethnic group to a particular region in which its members originated.  (areas-of-origin GROUP REGION) means that the ethnic-group-type GROUP originated in the geographical-region REGION.  For example, to indicate that Circassians originated in Asia, we would say (areas-of-origin ethnic-group-of-circassians continent-of-asia).  Ethnic groups may have originated in several different areas; e.g., the ethnic-group-of-hutu is native to rwanda, burundi, tanzania, and uganda.")

;;; arg1-format
(isa arg1-format binary-predicate)
(isa arg1-format meta-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg1-format predicate)
(arg2-isa arg1-format format)
(comment arg1-format "(arg1-format PRED FORMAT) means that FORMAT tells how many different first arguments there can be to PRED, given some fixed set of other arguments.  See format for a description of the possible values for FORMAT.")

;;; arg1-genl
(isa arg1-genl meta-relation)
(isa arg1-genl intangible-object-predicate)
(isa arg1-genl binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg1-genl relationship)
(arg2-isa arg1-genl collection)
(comment arg1-genl "(arg1-genl REL COL) means that the predicate or function, REL, accepts only first arguments that have the collection COL among their genls.")

;;; arg1-isa
(isa arg1-isa meta-relation)
(isa arg1-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa arg1-isa functional-slot)
(isa arg1-isa default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa arg1-isa binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg1-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa arg1-isa collection)
(comment arg1-isa "(arg1-isa REL COL) means that anything given as the first argument to the relationship REL must be an element of the collection COL.  Examples: (arg1-isa forms-border-between spatial-thing), (arg1-isa series-ordered-by series), (arg1-isa unique-part-types existing-object-type).")

;;; arg2-format
(isa arg2-format binary-predicate)
(isa arg2-format meta-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg2-format predicate)
(arg2-isa arg2-format format)
(comment arg2-format "(arg2-format PRED FORMAT) means that FORMAT tells how many different second arguments there can be to PRED, given some fixed set of other arguments.  See format for a description of the possible values for FORMAT.")

;;; arg2-genl
(isa arg2-genl meta-relation)
(isa arg2-genl binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg2-genl relationship)
(arg2-isa arg2-genl collection)
(comment arg2-genl "(arg2-genl REL COL) means that the predicate or function, REL, accepts only second arguments that have the collection COL among their genls.")

;;; arg2-isa
(isa arg2-isa meta-relation)
(isa arg2-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa arg2-isa functional-slot)
(isa arg2-isa default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa arg2-isa binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg2-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa arg2-isa collection)
(comment arg2-isa "(arg2-isa REL COL) means that anything given as the second argument to the relationship REL must be an element of the collection COL.  Examples: (arg2-isa sheet-surface-connected partially-tangible), (arg2-isa salutation courtesy-title), (arg2-isa mother female-animal).")

;;; arg3-format
(isa arg3-format binary-predicate)
(isa arg3-format meta-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg3-format predicate)
(arg2-isa arg3-format format)
(comment arg3-format "(arg3-format PRED FORMAT) means that FORMAT tells how many different third arguments there can be to PRED, given some fixed set of other arguments.  See format for a description of the possible values for FORMAT.")

;;; arg3-genl
(isa arg3-genl meta-relation)
(isa arg3-genl binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg3-genl relationship)
(arg2-isa arg3-genl collection)
(comment arg3-genl "(arg3-genl REL COL) means that the predicate or function, REL, accepts only third arguments that have the collection COL among their genls.")

;;; arg3-isa
(isa arg3-isa meta-relation)
(isa arg3-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa arg3-isa functional-slot)
(isa arg3-isa binary-predicate)
(isa arg3-isa default-monotonic-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg3-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa arg3-isa collection)
(comment arg3-isa "(arg3-isa REL COL) means that anything given as the third argument to the relationship REL must be an element of the collection COL.")

;;; arg4-format
(isa arg4-format meta-predicate)
(isa arg4-format binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg4-format predicate)
(arg2-isa arg4-format format)
(comment arg4-format "(arg4-format PRED FORMAT) means that FORMAT tells how many different fourth arguments there can be to PRED, given some fixed set of other arguments.  See format for a description of the possible values for FORMAT.")

;;; arg4-genl
(isa arg4-genl meta-relation)
(isa arg4-genl binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg4-genl relationship)
(arg2-isa arg4-genl collection)
(comment arg4-genl "(arg4-genl REL COL) means that the fourth argument to the relationship (i.e., predicate or function) REL must be a subset of the collection COL.")

;;; arg4-isa
(isa arg4-isa meta-relation)
(isa arg4-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa arg4-isa functional-slot)
(isa arg4-isa binary-predicate)
(isa arg4-isa default-monotonic-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg4-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa arg4-isa collection)
(comment arg4-isa "(arg4-isa REL COL) means that anything given as the fourth argument to the relationship REL must be an element of the collection COL.")

;;; arg5-format
(isa arg5-format meta-predicate)
(isa arg5-format binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg5-format predicate)
(arg2-isa arg5-format format)
(comment arg5-format "(arg5-format PRED FORMAT) means that FORMAT tells how many different fifth arguments there can be to PRED, given some fixed set of other arguments.  See format for a description of the possible values for FORMAT.")

;;; arg5-genl
(isa arg5-genl meta-relation)
(isa arg5-genl binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg5-genl relationship)
(arg2-isa arg5-genl collection)
(comment arg5-genl "(arg5-genl REL COL) means that the fifth argument to the relationship (predicate or function) REL must be a subset of the collection COL.")

;;; arg5-isa
(isa arg5-isa meta-relation)
(isa arg5-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa arg5-isa functional-slot)
(isa arg5-isa default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa arg5-isa binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa arg5-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa arg5-isa collection)
(comment arg5-isa "(arg5-isa REL COL) means that anything given as the fifth argument to the relationship REL must be an element of the collection COL.")

;;; args-genl
(isa args-genl meta-relation)
(isa args-genl binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa args-genl relationship)
(arg2-isa args-genl collection)
(comment args-genl "When a relation REL is an element of variable-arity-relation, i.e., it takes a variable number of arguments, then (args-genl REL COL) means that all of those arguments must be subsets of COL.")

;;; args-isa
(isa args-isa meta-relation)
(isa args-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa args-isa binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa args-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa args-isa collection)
(comment args-isa "The predicate args-isa is used with elements of relationship that take an indefinite number of arguments, in order to specify that the values of all the arguments used with that relation must be of a certain type.  E.g., to specify that all the arguments to Cyc's addition function, plus-fn, must be measurable quantities (i.e., elements of scalar-interval), we assert: (args-isa plus-fn scalar-interval).  Additional examples: `paths branch only into other paths', i.e., (args-isa branches-into path--generic); `dinars are measured only in numbers', i.e., (args-isa dinar--jordan cyc-system-real-number).")

;;; arity
(isa arity meta-relation)
(isa arity relationship-predicate)
(isa arity functional-slot)
(isa arity binary-predicate)
(isa arity default-monotonic-predicate)
(arg1-isa arity relationship)
(arg2-isa arity integer)
(comment arity "(arity REL NUMBER) means that the relationship REL takes the number of arguments given by NUMBER.  For example, the arity of all instances of binary-predicate is 2.  In particular, (arity arity 2) since arity takes 2 arguments.")

;;; assisting-agent
(isa assisting-agent actor-slot)
(genl-preds assisting-agent deliberate-actors)
(arg1-isa assisting-agent event)
(arg2-isa assisting-agent agent)
(comment assisting-agent "(assisting-agent ACT AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the agents assisting in the performance of ACT; AGENT itself may or may not also be performing ACT.  AGENT is doing some tasks related to ACT but which are not directly sub-events of performing the main or focus action.  Thus, `assisting' here means doing such supporting activities as fetching supplies or tools needed in ACT; helping to manipulate objects involved in ACT; gathering an audience, or booking the performer, if ACT is a public performance, and so forth.")

;;; atomic-number
(isa atomic-number interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa atomic-number element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons)
(arg1-genl atomic-number element-stuff)
(arg2-isa atomic-number positive-integer)
(comment atomic-number "The predicate atomic-number indicates the atomic number of a type of element.  (atomic-number E N) means that E, a collection belonging to element-stuff-type-by-number-of-protons, has the positive integer N for its atomic number.  This means that any instance of (atom-fn E) must have N protons in its atomic-nucleus.  For example, (atomic-number carbon 6), and every instance of (atom-fn carbon) has six protons in its nucleus.")

;;; attitude-towards-event
(isa attitude-towards-event quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa attitude-towards-event animal)
(arg2-isa attitude-towards-event event)
(arg3-isa attitude-towards-event feeling-attribute-type)
(arg3-genl attitude-towards-event feeling-attribute)
(arg4-isa attitude-towards-event generic-attribute)
(comment attitude-towards-event "attitude-towards-event(-a-g-t EVT EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that the sentient-animal AGT has the attitude EMOTYPE (see feeling-attribute-type) about the event EVT with DEGREE of intensity.  By `attitude' we mean a feeling which may be latent and/or long-lasting.  To refer to feelings that AGT experiences immediately and consciously towards EVT, use feels-towards-event.")

;;; attitude-towards-object
(isa attitude-towards-object quaternary-predicate)
(isa attitude-towards-object functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa attitude-towards-object animal)
(arg2-isa attitude-towards-object individual)
(arg3-isa attitude-towards-object feeling-attribute-type)
(arg3-genl attitude-towards-object feeling-attribute)
(arg4-isa attitude-towards-object generic-attribute)
(comment attitude-towards-object "attitude-towards-object(-a-g-t OBJ EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that the sentient-animal AGT has the attitude EMOTYPE (see feeling-attribute-type) about the individual OBJ with DEGREE of intensity.  By `attitude' we mean a possibly latent and/or long-lasting feeling.  To refer to feelings that AGT experiences immediately and consciously towards OBJ, use feels-towards-object.")

;;; barometric-pressure
(isa barometric-pressure tangible-substance-predicate)
(isa barometric-pressure interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa barometric-pressure gaseous-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa barometric-pressure pressure)
(comment barometric-pressure "(barometric-pressure GAS PRESS) means that the instance of gaseous-tangible-thing GAS has the pressure PRESS.  Typically, GAS is a piece of atmosphere; barometric-pressure indicates the atmospheric pressure in and around that `object'.")

;;; basic-price
(isa basic-price interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa basic-price individual)
(arg2-isa basic-price money)
(comment basic-price "The predicate basic-price indicates the price of a particular item.  (basic-price THING MONEY) means that the object or service, THING, has the basic price MONEY.  (MONEY can be an interval representing a range of prices.)  Note that basic-price refers to the `ticket price' of an item when it is actually bought or offered for sale; basic-price does NOT refer to appraised value (where that differs from an actual selling price).  Since prices are time-sensitive, assertions about basic-price should be suitably qualified.  For example, the price of a fast-food hamburger-sandwich in 1996 is a magnitude greater than what it was in 1965.  For the total charge for purchase of an object, including tax, shipping, handling, etc., use total-charge (q.v.).")

;;; behavior-capable
(isa behavior-capable ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa behavior-capable something-existing)
(arg2-isa behavior-capable collection)
(arg2-genl behavior-capable situation)
(arg3-isa behavior-capable role)
(comment behavior-capable "The predicate behavior-capable is used to describe a type of situation (and the role) in which an object can participate due to its intrinsic properties.  (behavior-capable OBJ SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that the individual, OBJ, is able to act as a ROLE in a situation of type SIT-TYPE.  OBJ may or may not have been designed to function in that way (cf. primary-function, intended-behavior-capable).  Also, behavior-capable does not imply that OBJ can unquestionably act in that way in every such situation, since extrinsic factors may prevent it; e.g., the object may be in the wrong location, operated by a person lacking the proper skills, certain legal preconditions may not be satisfied, etc.  Examples: (intended capability) a hammer is behavior-capable of being the device-used in instances of hammering-a-nail; (unintended capability) an inner tube is capable of being the device-used in instances of people floating-in-liquid.")

;;; behind--directly
(not 
  (isa behind--directly asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa behind--directly anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa behind--directly symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa behind--directly transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa behind--directly binary-predicate)
(isa behind--directly spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa behind--directly partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa behind--directly partially-tangible)
(comment behind--directly "(behind--directly AFT FORE) means that AFT is directly behind FORE.  More precisely, it implies both (behind--generally AFT FORE) and that there is at least one line parallel to the backward pointing axis of FORE that intersects both AFT and FORE.  Note that FORE must have a back face.")

;;; behind--generally
(not 
  (isa behind--generally asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa behind--generally anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa behind--generally symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa behind--generally transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa behind--generally irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa behind--generally spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds behind--generally near)
(arg1-isa behind--generally partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa behind--generally partially-tangible)
(comment behind--generally "(behind--generally AFT FORE) means that AFT is behind FORE.  More precisely, a line originating at the center of FORE projecting away from the front side of FORE and parallel to the intrinsic front-to-back axis of FORE forms an angle of less than 45 degrees with a line intersecting both AFT and FORE.")
(synonymous-external-concept behind--generally s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "BEHIND")

;;; belief-statements
(isa belief-statements binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa belief-statements belief-system)
(arg2-isa belief-statements cyc-formula)
(comment belief-statements "(belief-statements BSYS PROP) indicates that a belief of the belief system BSYS is stated in the proposition PROP (represented by a cyc-formula).  In other words, each belief-systems comprises a set of tenets, statements linked to it via this predicate.  
Note: This is NOT the predicate that ties a particular agent to his/her/its beliefs; for that, see beliefs and has-belief-systems.")

;;; beliefs
(isa beliefs propositional-attitude-slot)
(arg1-isa beliefs agent)
(arg2-isa beliefs cyc-formula)
(comment beliefs "(beliefs AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT subscribes to the truth of the proposition PROP (represented by a cyc-formula).  PROP states something that AGT believes to be true, but of course PROP may or may not actually be true.  Another way to think of this is that PROP is true in the context whose epistemological status is `what AGT believes'.  Naturally, PROP may itself be a proposition about beliefs; one would use nested beliefs in this fashion to express a rule such as `most Canadians believe that most Americans believe Canada is a US State.'")
(overlapping-external-concept beliefs s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "BELIEVE")

;;; beneficiary
(isa beneficiary role)
(isa beneficiary binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse beneficiary positive-vested-interest)
(arg1-isa beneficiary event)
(arg2-isa beneficiary agent)
(comment beneficiary "(beneficiary ACT AGT) means that the agent AGT benefits from the performance of the action ACT.  Some desire or interest of AGT is served, enabled, helped, or satisfied by the performance of ACT.")
(overlapping-external-concept beneficiary s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CLIENT")

;;; between
(isa between ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa between partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa between partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa between partially-tangible)
(comment between "(between THIS THAT MID-OBJ) means that MID-OBJ is spatially directly between THIS and THAT.  Depending on the context, MID-OBJ may lie on a great circle between THIS and THAT, or on a true Euclidian straight line between them.  Note that between applies only to physical location.  To describe a relationship involving numbers or scalar-intervals, use greater-than or following-value.  To describe a 'between' relationship along some particular physical path (like: Austin is between Dallas and San Antonio on Highway I-35), or on some trajectory, see between-on-path.")
(overlapping-external-concept between s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "BETWEEN")

;;; between-on-path
(isa between-on-path quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa between-on-path thing)
(arg2-isa between-on-path thing)
(arg3-isa between-on-path thing)
(arg4-isa between-on-path path--simple)
(comment between-on-path "(between-on-path X Y Z PATH) means that X, Y and Z are points on the path PATH and X is between Y and Z.  Note that this gives no ordering of Y and Z; it just claims that X is between them.  Note: Given a path--customary PATH and points or places on PATH, between-on-path does not in general determine a linear order (totally-ordered-set) on the set of all points on PATH when PATH is not part of a specified path-system.  However, in a path-system SYS, between-on-path does determine a linear order on the set of all points on PATH in SYS.")

;;; biases
(isa biases propositional-attitude-slot)
(genl-preds biases beliefs)
(arg1-isa biases intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa biases cyc-formula)
(comment biases "(biases AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT has the unsubstantiated belief PROP (represented by a cyc-formula).
Biases generally are so deeply rooted in the agent that the agent may not be consciously aware that PROP is rationally undersupported, and it may be concomittantly harder to change their mind about PROP.
Note:  PROP might or might not turn out to be true (in various contexts); often, PROP is some overgeneralization which is sometimes true but often false, or which once was true but now is usually false, etc.")

;;; biological-father
(isa biological-father asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-father irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-father anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-father functional-slot)
(isa biological-father inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-preds biological-father father)
(genl-preds biological-father biological-parents)
(arg1-isa biological-father animal)
(arg2-isa biological-father male-animal)
(comment biological-father "(biological-father OFFSPRING MALE) means that male-animal MALE is the male biological parent of animal OFFSPRING.")

;;; biological-mother
(isa biological-mother asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-mother irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-mother inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa biological-mother functional-slot)
(isa biological-mother anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa biological-mother transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds biological-mother mother)
(genl-preds biological-mother biological-parents)
(arg1-isa biological-mother animal)
(arg2-isa biological-mother female-animal)
(comment biological-mother "(biological-mother OFFSPRING FEMALE) means that female-animal FEMALE is the female biological parent of the animal OFFSPRING.")

;;; biological-parents
(isa biological-parents asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-parents irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa biological-parents transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa biological-parents inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-preds biological-parents biological-relatives)
(arg1-isa biological-parents animal)
(arg2-isa biological-parents animal)
(comment biological-parents "(biological-parents OFFSPRING PARENT) means that PARENT is the biological parent of OFFSPRING.")

;;; biological-relatives
(isa biological-relatives irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa biological-relatives symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa biological-relatives transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds biological-relatives relatives)
(genl-inverse biological-relatives biological-relatives)
(arg1-isa biological-relatives animal)
(arg2-isa biological-relatives animal)
(comment biological-relatives "(biological-relatives ORG1 ORG2) means that ORG1 and ORG2 are biological relatives, related by birth.")

;;; birth-child
(isa birth-child actor-slot)
(genl-preds birth-child object-of-state-change)
(genl-preds birth-child bodily-acted-on)
(arg1-isa birth-child birth-event)
(arg2-isa birth-child animal)
(comment birth-child "(birth-child BIRTH ANIM) means that ANIM is the animal that is born in the birth-event BIRTH.")

;;; birth-date
(isa birth-date binary-predicate)
(genl-preds birth-date starting-date)
(arg1-isa birth-date entity)
(arg2-isa birth-date date)
(comment birth-date "(birth-date ?X ?Y) indicates that the entity ?X came into existance during date ?Y.  For people, this is the date at which they were born, hence the name of this predicate.  The first argument to this predicate must be an entity, and not just any old something-existing, because we don't want to talk about the birth-date or date-of-death of a subabstraction like AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton; in other words, proper subabstractions will have starting-dates and ending-dates, but only true entitys will have a birth-date or date-of-death")

;;; birth-parent
(isa birth-parent irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa birth-parent asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa birth-parent actor-slot)
(genl-preds birth-parent object-of-state-change)
(genl-preds birth-parent bodily-doer)
(arg1-isa birth-parent birth-event)
(arg2-isa birth-parent animal)
(comment birth-parent "(birth-parent BIRTH PAR) means that PAR is the parent who is bodily-doer in the birth-event BIRTH - typically this is also the female-parent-actor of the preceding biological-reproduction-event.")

;;; board-members
(isa board-members binary-predicate)
(isa board-members extensional-representation-predicate)
(genl-preds board-members has-members)
(arg1-isa board-members organization)
(arg2-isa board-members person)
(comment board-members "The predicate board-members relates a particular organization to the persons who serve on its board of directors.  (board-members ORG PERSON) means PERSON belongs to that instance of board-of-directors which is responsible for oversight of the organization ORG.  A member of the Board of Directors of an organization may or may not be an executive of the organization.")

;;; bodily-acted-on
(isa bodily-acted-on actor-slot)
(genl-preds bodily-acted-on object-acted-on)
(arg1-isa bodily-acted-on event)
(arg2-isa bodily-acted-on organism--whole)
(comment bodily-acted-on "The predicate bodily-acted-on is used to describe an event in which a living organism is acted on by some external agency.  (bodily-acted-on EVENT ORG) means that ORG is a living organism (i.e., an organism--whole) that is being affected in EVENT.  ORG itself may be intentionally participating in EVENT (e.g., a person voluntarily getting a haircut) or not (e.g., an animal hit by a car).  Either way, the organism ORG is not an active primary `doer' of EVENT.  This predicate is appropriately used to identify actors who undergo (instances of) drug-therapy or incurring-an-injury.
Note an important contrast with bodily-doer (q.v.):  bodily-acted-on is for events that merely happen to the body, as opposed to actions the body does.  Because the body of an organism is an active `doer' in its instances of physiological-condition, including any injury-condition (which is the physical process of a body sustaining an injury and responding by healing or deteriorating), an organism is related to events of those kinds with bodily-doer rather than bodily-acted-on.  By contrast, organisms involved in instances of drug-therapy (which refers to the effect of a drug on the patient) or incurring-an-injury (which refers to the event in which an organism gets injured, rather than the process of its being in an injured and hopefully healing state) should be related to events of those types with bodily-acted-on.")

;;; bodily-doer
(isa bodily-doer actor-slot)
(genl-preds bodily-doer non-deliberate-actors)
(genl-preds bodily-doer done-by)
(arg1-isa bodily-doer physical-event)
(arg2-isa bodily-doer organism--whole)
(comment bodily-doer "The predicate bodily-doer relates an event to an organism which does it non-deliberately, which in Cyc means without conscious intention or volition.  (bodily-doer EVENT DOER) means that DOER does EVENT (i.e., DOER is not merely subjected to EVENT by external forces), but DOER does EVENT non-deliberately.  Note that for certain kinds of actions, considered as a class, organisms are necessarily merely bodily-doers; for example, physical growth, peristalsis, and reflex actions.  For other actions, such as breathing, flinching, or shouting, an organism commonly (but not necessarily) acts as bodily-doer; some cases of such events may be deliberately performed-by the doer.
Note: an organism which dies of natural causes (dying) is the bodily-doer of that event, because of the internal processes the body performs during dying.  Also, in certain physiological-conditions, including an ailment-condition (such as diabetes) or a healing process, organisms are considered to be bodily-doers because their own bodily processes are creating or sustaining those conditions.  An organism killed by an external agent, however, is just the bodily-acted-on (q.v.) in that event; therefore, instances of killing--biological should use bodily-acted-on to refer to the organism killed.")

;;; boiling-point
(isa boiling-point interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa boiling-point tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa boiling-point partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa boiling-point temperature)
(comment boiling-point "(boiling-point STUFF TEMP) means that TEMP is the temperature at which the substance STUFF changes from having the attribute liquid-state-of-matter to gaseous-state-of-matter (when sufficient energy is input to raise STUFF's temperature through that point).  Note that the boiling point of most substances is context-dependent; on a mountaintop in Tibet the boiling point of water is much lower than it is in New York City.")

;;; borders-on
(isa borders-on symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds borders-on adjacent-to)
(genl-preds borders-on touches-directly)
(genl-inverse borders-on borders-on)
(arg1-isa borders-on geographical-region)
(arg2-isa borders-on geographical-region)
(comment borders-on "(borders-on REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the geographical-region REGION-1 and the geographical-region REGION-2 are physically adjacent to each other.  Examples: (borders-on central-u-s-a-time-zone mountain-u-s-a-time-zone), (borders-on nepal tibet).")

;;; boss
(not 
  (isa boss irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa boss reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa boss transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa boss anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa boss cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds boss cotemporal)
(genl-preds boss acquainted-with)
(arg1-isa boss person)
(arg2-isa boss person)
(comment boss "(boss PERSON1 PERSON2) means PERSON1 has PERSON2 for his or her immediate boss or supervisor.  
Note:  There can be more than one boss of a person, even cotemporally.
Note: (genl-preds boss acquainted-with) means that if (boss x y), then (acquainted-with x y), which in turn means (acquaintances x y simple-contact-acquaintance).  I.e., a person and their direct boss are at least simple contact acquaintances.")

;;; business-partners
(not 
  (isa business-partners transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa business-partners irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa business-partners symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds business-partners positive-vested-interest)
(genl-inverse business-partners business-partners)
(arg1-isa business-partners agent)
(arg2-isa business-partners agent)
(comment business-partners "The predicate business-partners indicates that two agents have jointly undertaken some business project; they are combining resources in some way to further their interests.  (business-partners AGENT1 AGENT2) means AGENT1 is in partnership with AGENT2 to engage in business activities.  The partners are instances of agent and may belong to either person or organization.  The partnership may be formally recognized (e.g., a partnership or some other form of business) or informal.")

;;; buyer
(isa buyer actor-slot)
(isa buyer asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa buyer irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds buyer exchangers)
(arg1-isa buyer commercial-activity)
(arg2-isa buyer agent)
(comment buyer "The predicate buyer relates an agent to a business activity.  (buyer EVENT AGENT) means that the agent AGENT purchases the goods for sale in the commercial-activity EVENT.")

;;; buying-agent
(isa buying-agent irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa buying-agent anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa buying-agent asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa buying-agent actor-slot)
(isa buying-agent functional-slot)
(genl-preds buying-agent buying-performer)
(genl-preds buying-agent mediators)
(arg1-isa buying-agent commercial-activity)
(arg2-isa buying-agent legal-agent)
(comment buying-agent "A buying agent acts on behalf of a would-be buyer to bring about a buying event involving his/her/its client as the buyer. ")

;;; buying-performer
(isa buying-performer irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa buying-performer anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa buying-performer asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa buying-performer actor-slot)
(genl-preds buying-performer performed-by)
(genl-preds buying-performer social-participants)
(arg1-isa buying-performer commercial-activity)
(arg2-isa buying-performer legal-agent)
(comment buying-performer "(buyingPerformer ?COM ?AGENT) means that ?AGENT is the agent who actually pursues and attempts to obtain goods or services in a purchase, by performing an active role in the commercial-activity ?COM.  Frequently this agent is the same as the buyer, but occasionally it is a buying-agent representing the buyer.")

;;; by-products
(isa by-products actor-slot)
(genl-preds by-products outputs)
(arg1-isa by-products creation-or-destruction-event)
(arg2-isa by-products partially-tangible)
(comment by-products "(by-products EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the outputs of EV, but not one of its intended outputs.  For intended outputs, see products.  For a particular EV and OBJ, it will not be true that both (products EV OBJ) and (by-products EV OBJ).")

;;; can-contain-shapes
(isa can-contain-shapes binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa can-contain-shapes partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa can-contain-shapes abstract-shape)
(comment can-contain-shapes "The predicate can-contain-shapes is used to give an approximation of the internal size and shape of particular tangible objects, by relating an object to an abstract region of space described as a geometric shape with definite dimensions.  (can-contain-shapes OBJ SHAPE) gives an upper bound for the size of things that can be contained in the object OBJ, by specifying the dimensions of an abstract shape which OBJ can contain.  can-contain-shapes uses the elements of shape-function (q.v.) for reference, especially the basic shapes generated by rectangular-solid-fn, cylinder-fn, and sphere-fn.  For example, the trunk of my Honda Civic can-contain-shapes of (rectangular-solid-fn (meter 1) (meter 0.5) (meter 0.75)).  Cf. fits-in.")

;;; capable-of
(isa capable-of ternary-predicate)
(genl-preds capable-of anatomically-capable-of)
(genl-preds capable-of legally-capable-of)
(genl-preds capable-of fiscally-capable-of)
(genl-preds capable-of skill-capable-of)
(arg1-isa capable-of agent)
(arg2-isa capable-of collection)
(arg2-genl capable-of situation)
(arg3-isa capable-of role)
(comment capable-of "The predicate capable-of indicates that an agent is fully able to carry out a certain role in a certain type of situation.  (capable-of AGT SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that the agent AGT is able to act as described by ROLE in situations of the type SIT-TYPE.  capable-of entails that AGT is qualified in ALL the relevant ways to fill that ROLE; e.g., AGT is anatomically-capable-of, fiscally-capable-of, legally-capable-of, and skill-capable-of playing that ROLE in SIT-TYPE.")

;;; capital-city
(isa capital-city functional-slot)
(isa capital-city inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-preds capital-city geographical-sub-regions)
(genl-preds capital-city controls)
(genl-inverse capital-city sub-organizations)
(arg1-isa capital-city geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa capital-city capital-city-of-region)
(comment capital-city "The predicate capital-city is used to indicate the capital of a country (only).  (capital-city CNTRY CITY) means that CITY is the capital city of the country CNTRY.  Examples: the capital-city of the united-states-of-america is the city-of-washington-d-c; the capital-city of armenia is Yerevan.  Note: for regional capitals, use capital-city-of-this-state.")

;;; cardinality
(isa cardinality intensional-representation-predicate)
(isa cardinality functional-slot)
(arg1-isa cardinality set-or-collection)
(arg2-isa cardinality integer)
(comment cardinality "(cardinality SETORCOL INTEGER)
means that the set-or-collection SETORCOL has INTEGER number
of members. For instance, the-empty-set has a cardinality
of 0.")

;;; carries-infection-type
(isa carries-infection-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa carries-infection-type tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa carries-infection-type infection-type)
(arg2-genl carries-infection-type infection)
(comment carries-infection-type "The predicate (carries-infection-type OBJECT INFECT_TYPE) relates a particular organism or other object to a type of infection that it carries.  (carries-infection-type OBJ INFTYP) means that the individual OBJ is a carrier of the infection-type INFTYP.  For example, (carries-infection-type TyphoidMary typhoid-fever) or (carries-infection-type Needle0567 a-i-d-s).")

;;; catalyst
(isa catalyst irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa catalyst asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa catalyst actor-slot)
(genl-preds catalyst unchanged-actors)
(arg1-isa catalyst chemical-reaction)
(arg2-isa catalyst partially-tangible)
(comment catalyst "The predicate catalyst identifies the particular thing that acts as a catalyst in a particular chemical reaction.  (catalyst R X) means that the chemical-reaction R has the particular quantity of substance X as a catalyst.  For example, every instance of photosynthesis has some portion of chlorophyll as a catalyst; an amount of water may be a catalyst in some oxidation-process of a metal.")

;;; caused-by
(isa caused-by irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa caused-by transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa caused-by asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa caused-by inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-preds caused-by starts-after-starting-of)
(genl-preds caused-by 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT"))
(arg1-isa caused-by event)
(arg2-isa caused-by event)
(comment caused-by "caused-by is the predicate used for 
token-token event causation, i.e., causation between individual
events. (causedBy EVENT1 EVENT2) means that EVENT1 is causedBy
EVENT2.")

;;; causes
(not 
  (isa causes asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa causes anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa causes symmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa causes transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa causes irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds causes 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT"))
(arg1-isa causes cyc-formula)
(arg2-isa causes cyc-formula)
(comment causes "(causes p1 p2) means that p1 causes p2.  That is, the state of affairs described by proposition p1 causally leads to the state of affairs described by p2.  This is stronger than material implication; i.e., it must also be the case that (implies p1 p2).  Note that causes means more than implies, of course: there is a temporal ordering involved, there is a presumed mechanism of causation, etc.  Unlike implies, causes is not reflexive; one would not say that p1 causes p1, even though p1 implies p1.  Another difference between implies and causes is that causes is a predicate, not a logical connective.  Just because (causes p1 p2) is true that does NOT entail that (causes (not p2) (not p1)) is true.Note that (causes p1 p2) is generally a more accurate way of talking about causation than saying that some event e1 caused event e2 (which one can do in Cyc, using the predicate caused-by) since often there are a few key aspects of e1 that caused a few key aspects of e2, and the remaining details of e1 and e2 were, to first order, irrelevant.  Note that, similarly, (causes p1 p2) is generally a more accurate way of talking about causation than saying that some agent AGT caused something to be true (which one can do in Cyc, using the predicate causes-prop) since often there is some specific aspect of the agent, or something they were involved in or did, that is the cause of the proposition's becoming satisfied.  Because this predicate is asymetric and since effect (p2) can not temporally precede cause (p1), causes may not be used to express mutual causation, e.g. feedback loops for which it may be said that two events (probably more process-like) cause each other.  We consider mutual causation to be a different form of causation and should be expressed using some as of yet (Dec 96) unreified relationship.")
(overlapping-external-concept causes s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT")

;;; causes-prop
(isa causes-prop binary-predicate)
(genl-preds causes-prop 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT"))
(arg1-isa causes-prop temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa causes-prop cyc-formula)
(comment causes-prop "(causes-prop INDIV PROP) means that the temporal-thing INDIV causes the proposition PROP to become true.  INDIV may be an agent or an event.  PROP is a cyc-formula.  
Note:  A much simpler predicate is caused-by, in which both arguments are just events.")

;;; cavity-connected-along-path-side
(isa cavity-connected-along-path-side connection-predicate)
(isa cavity-connected-along-path-side binary-predicate)
(genl-preds cavity-connected-along-path-side connected-to--rigidly)
(genl-preds cavity-connected-along-path-side connected-to)
(genl-preds cavity-connected-along-path-side has-portal-to-region)
(arg1-isa cavity-connected-along-path-side partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa cavity-connected-along-path-side partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa cavity-connected-along-path-side path--simple)
(comment cavity-connected-along-path-side "(cavityConnectedAlongPathSide PATH CAVITY) means that there is a portal somewhere along the wall of the path--generic (which must also be partially-tangible) PATH which leads to the cavity-or-container CAVITY. It does not apply if an end of PATH is the portal, nor to a branching of the path, nor a small hole in an otherwise dead end of the path. The portal is substantially smaller in width than the path, and instead of a smaller path connected there, the portal opens into a neighboring cavity-or-container.  Example: an alveolus attached to a respiratory-bronchiole in the lung is so connected.  Or, a room opening along the side of a hallway.")

;;; cavity-has-wall
(not 
  (isa cavity-has-wall transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa cavity-has-wall asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa cavity-has-wall part-predicate)
(genl-preds cavity-has-wall physical-parts)
(arg1-isa cavity-has-wall cavity)
(arg2-isa cavity-has-wall solid-tangible-thing)
(comment cavity-has-wall "(cavityHasWall CAV WALL) means that the the cavity CAV has WALL as one of its walls (or part of one of its walls), or partly-enclosing inner surfaces.  cavity-has-wall is often used for describing the relationship between some space or part of a construction-artifact and the substructures that bound or enclose it (e.g., the relationship between a room and its walls, floor(s), and ceiling(s)).")

;;; chief-ports
(isa chief-ports inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-preds chief-ports geographical-sub-regions)
(arg1-isa chief-ports geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa chief-ports urban-area)
(comment chief-ports "This is a list of the chief ports for a given geographical region.")

;;; children
(isa children asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa children transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds children cotemporal)
(genl-preds children relatives)
(arg1-isa children animal)
(arg2-isa children animal)
(comment children "(children PARENT CHILD) means that CHILD is a child of PARENT in the sense that PARENT cares for CHILD as a parent would, whether or not they are biologically related.")
(comment children "(children PARENT CHILD) means that CHILD is the biological offspring of PARENT.")

;;; circumference-of-object
(isa circumference-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa circumference-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa circumference-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa circumference-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa circumference-of-object distance)
(comment circumference-of-object "The distance around a circular object")

;;; citizens
(isa citizens binary-predicate)
(isa citizens intensional-representation-predicate)
(arg1-isa citizens geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa citizens person)
(comment citizens "The predicate citizens indicates that a particular person is a citizen of a particular country/state/... .  (citizens GEOPOL PERSON) means that GEOPOL is a geopolitical-entity in which the person PERSON has full rights of citizenship (whatever those rights might consist of in GEOPOL).")

;;; city-in-state
(isa city-in-state non-physical-part-predicate)
(isa city-in-state functional-slot)
(arg1-isa city-in-state urban-area)
(arg2-isa city-in-state country-subsidiary)
(comment city-in-state "(city-in-state CITY STATE) means that the urban-area CITY is physically located in the geopolitical sub-region STATE.  Note that STATE may be an element of state--geopolitical (q.v.), or it may be some other kind of country-subsidiary, such as territory. Examples: the city-of-durham-n-c in a city-in-state of north-carolina--state; Xiamen (Amoy) is a city-in-state of Fujian.")

;;; city-of-address
(isa city-of-address functional-slot)
(genl-preds city-of-address object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa city-of-address contact-location)
(arg2-isa city-of-address city)
(comment city-of-address "(city-of-address LOC CITY) means that the contact-location LOC is located in the city CITY.  For example, cycorp's city-of-address is the city-of-austin-t-x.  See also contact-location.")

;;; clients
(not 
  (isa clients asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa clients symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa clients transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa clients irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds clients positive-vested-interest)
(arg1-isa clients agent)
(arg2-isa clients agent)
(comment clients "The predicate clients represents a relationship between two agents.  (clients AGENT1 AGENT2) means that AGENT1 provides goods and/or services to AGENT2.  AGENT2 may or may not pay AGENT1 for the goods/services received.  The predicate clients can indicate either a one-time relationship or a more long-term relationship.  See also suppliers and customers.")

;;; cloudiness-of-region
(isa cloudiness-of-region interval-based-quantity-slot)
(genl-preds cloudiness-of-region has-attributes)
(arg1-isa cloudiness-of-region outdoor-location)
(arg2-isa cloudiness-of-region cloudiness)
(comment cloudiness-of-region "(cloudiness-of-region LOC DEGREE) means that the outdoor-location LOC has this DEGREE of cloud cover.")

;;; co-extensional
(isa co-extensional symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa co-extensional reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa co-extensional transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse co-extensional co-extensional)
(arg1-isa co-extensional collection)
(arg2-isa co-extensional collection)
(comment co-extensional "the sets v1 which are such that ( x (u instances) (isa x v1))")

;;; cohabitants
(isa cohabitants cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa cohabitants irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa cohabitants symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa cohabitants transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds cohabitants acquainted-with)
(genl-preds cohabitants cotemporal)
(genl-inverse cohabitants cohabitants)
(arg1-isa cohabitants animal)
(arg2-isa cohabitants animal)
(comment cohabitants "(cohabitants X Y) means that X and Y live together in the same dwelling structure, nest, etc.  
Note: in some contexts (in the real Cyc knowledge base) the arguments to this predicate are restricted to being persons.
Note: in many parts of the world, esp. in past centuries, people cohabit (have cohabitetd) with domesticated animals that are/were not pets.")

;;; cohabiting-family-members
(isa cohabiting-family-members irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa cohabiting-family-members family-relation-slot)
(isa cohabiting-family-members symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa cohabiting-family-members transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds cohabiting-family-members relatives)
(genl-preds cohabiting-family-members cohabitants)
(genl-preds cohabiting-family-members positive-vested-interest)
(genl-inverse cohabiting-family-members cohabiting-family-members)
(arg1-isa cohabiting-family-members animal)
(arg2-isa cohabiting-family-members animal)
(comment cohabiting-family-members "(cohabiting-family-members X Y) means that X and Y are family members (relatives, spouses, in-laws) living with one another.  If the members of a family no longer live together, they are still members of a family--social-entity, but they are no longer members of the same family-cohabitation-unit.
Note: In the human-social-life-mt context, X and Y must be persons.  In the naive-biological-descent-mt context, they can be any animals at all.")

;;; cohesiveness-of-object
(isa cohesiveness-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa cohesiveness-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa cohesiveness-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa cohesiveness-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa cohesiveness-of-object cohesiveness)
(comment cohesiveness-of-object "(cohesiveness-of-object OBJ DEGREE) indicates how tightly a tangible object OBJ coheres.  A higher value of DEGREE means that it is harder to separate away chunks from the object.")

;;; color-of-object
(isa color-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa color-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(genl-preds color-of-object has-attributes)
(arg1-isa color-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa color-of-object color)
(comment color-of-object "(color-of-object OBJ COLOR) means that a significant fraction of some visible part of the tangible object OBJ has the color COLOR.")
(synonymous-external-concept color-of-object s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "COLOR-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION")

;;; comment
(isa comment functional-slot)
(isa comment meta-knowledge-predicate)
(isa comment binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa comment thing)
(arg1-isa comment cyc-indexed-term)
(arg2-isa comment cyc-system-atom)
(arg2-isa comment character-string)
(arg2-isa comment cyc-system-string)
(comment comment "comment is a predicate belonging to the Cyc collection documentation-constant.  comment is used to relate Cyc constants to (usually) brief English explanations of their meaning and use, as an aid to humans browsing through the Cyc Knowledge Base.  (comment CONST STRING) means that STRING is an instance of cyc-system-string that contains an explanation of the Cyc constant CONST.  Example: what you are reading now.")

;;; commits-for-future-uses
(isa commits-for-future-uses irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa commits-for-future-uses asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa commits-for-future-uses actor-slot)
(genl-preds commits-for-future-uses pre-actors)
(arg1-isa commits-for-future-uses event)
(arg2-isa commits-for-future-uses partially-tangible)
(comment commits-for-future-uses "(commits-for-future-uses EVENT OBJECT) means that as a result of EVENT, OBJECT is subsequently put into a configuration and/or a form where it is serving some ongoing role.  Things which are re-usable in their typical uses: a videocassette, a battery, a brick, an artist's canvas, a canvas tent.  Non-reusable things: paint, glue, mortar.  See also inputs-committed, recyclable-actors.   Consider a brick in a wall in a building.  It is `committed for future use' in the role of part-of-a-wall in the event of that building existing.  While the building is standing, it can't be part-of-a-wall in another building, though it could serve other roles such as an artistic accent, or to anchor a coat-hook.  After the building is torn down, that brick might still be intact, and could be used as part-of-a-wall in a future building.  Notice that the brick isn't necessarily transformed by being part of a wall.  However, so long as OBJECT serves the use to which it is `assigned' by EVENT, OBJECT is unavailable to be assigned the same role by another event of the same type, at least an event that would temporally intersect with this committed use of OBJECT.  That is what is meant by it being `committed' for a particular future use.  An object may be re-used in a similar event, ONLY IF the role to which it was assigned in EVENT either comes to its natural end or is given up (or thwarted), or in cases where EVENT is composed of discontinous pieces of time --- to illustrate that latter case, consider a tent that's used to shelter a certain group of workers on weekdays, but is used to shelter a different group in a different location on weekends.")

;;; communication-target
(isa communication-target irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa communication-target asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa communication-target actor-slot)
(genl-preds communication-target pre-actors)
(arg1-isa communication-target communication-act--single)
(arg2-isa communication-target partially-tangible)
(comment communication-target "The predicate communication-target is used to indicate the intended recipient in a communication.  (communication-target COMM OBJ) means that the agent who originates the communication-act--single COM intends the recipient-of-info to be OBJ.  Normally, OBJ is an instance of agent.")

;;; communication-token
(isa communication-token binary-predicate)
(isa communication-token role)
(arg1-isa communication-token communicating)
(arg2-isa communication-token information-bearing-thing)
(comment communication-token "The predicate communication-token is used to indicate the particular IBT (i.e., element of information-bearing-thing) that is instrumental in a particular communication.  (communication-token COM IBT) means that IBT is an information-bearing-thing that carries the information transferred in the communicating COM.  A communication event transfers the information content of IBT from one agent to some other(s).  IBT may be a tangible object (e.g., a newspaper), a sound (e.g., a voice), an image (e.g., from a television broadcast), or even a touch (e.g., a staying hand).")

;;; competing-agents
(isa competing-agents irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa competing-agents asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa competing-agents actor-slot)
(genl-preds competing-agents social-participants)
(arg1-isa competing-agents competition)
(arg2-isa competing-agents agent)
(comment competing-agents "(competing-agents COMPETITN AGT) means that the agent AGT is a competitor in the contest or competition COMPETITN.  This excludes many participants of such events, such as referees, judges, and spectators.")

;;; compressibility-of-object
(isa compressibility-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa compressibility-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa compressibility-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa compressibility-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa compressibility-of-object compressibility)
(comment compressibility-of-object "(compressibility-of-object OBJ DEGREE) indicates how readily the tangible object OBJ can be compressed to a smaller volume.  The higher the DEGREE of compressibility, the more easily the object can be compressed to a smaller volume.  A related concept is elasticity-of-object.")

;;; connected-by-path-type
(isa connected-by-path-type ternary-predicate)
(isa connected-by-path-type spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa connected-by-path-type thing)
(arg2-isa connected-by-path-type partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa connected-by-path-type partially-tangible)
(comment connected-by-path-type "(connected-by-path-type PATHTYPE THING1 THING2) means that there is some path of PATHTYPE links connecting THING1 and THING2, where PATHTYPE is some type of linking object that can link two things, like a road, wire, tie-rod, tube, nerve, rope, etc.  This means that the two are connected somehow by one or more paths consisting of links of type PATHTYPE, and that there is no permanent barrier or gap preventing all forms of access along all of those paths.")

;;; connected-to
(isa connected-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa connected-to spatial-predicate)
(isa connected-to connection-predicate)
(isa connected-to reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa connected-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse connected-to connected-to)
(arg1-isa connected-to partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa connected-to partially-tangible)
(comment connected-to "(connected-to OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are configured in a way that allows only certain types of relative motion between them.  A hinged connection, for example, allows limited rotational motion between OBJ1 and OBJ2.  OBJ2 at least must be in a solid-state-of-matter.  In many cases, being connected-to implicitly involves a third object; e.g., a door frame that is connected-to a door by a separate piece, a door hinge.")

;;; connected-to--rigidly
(isa connected-to--rigidly inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa connected-to--rigidly spatial-predicate)
(isa connected-to--rigidly connection-predicate)
(isa connected-to--rigidly symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds connected-to--rigidly touches-directly)
(genl-preds connected-to--rigidly connected-to)
(genl-inverse connected-to--rigidly connected-to--rigidly)
(arg1-isa connected-to--rigidly solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa connected-to--rigidly solid-tangible-thing)
(comment connected-to--rigidly "(connected-to--rigidly OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are joined so that no relative motion between them can occur unless the connection is severed by breakage of some part of the connected objects or by disassembly of the connection.  Both of the connected objects are solid.")

;;; connected-to--semi-rigidly
(not 
  (isa connected-to--semi-rigidly transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa connected-to--semi-rigidly irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa connected-to--semi-rigidly symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa connected-to--semi-rigidly connection-predicate)
(isa connected-to--semi-rigidly inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa connected-to--semi-rigidly spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds connected-to--semi-rigidly connected-to)
(genl-inverse connected-to--semi-rigidly connected-to--semi-rigidly)
(arg1-isa connected-to--semi-rigidly solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa connected-to--semi-rigidly solid-tangible-thing)
(comment connected-to--semi-rigidly "(connected-to--semi-rigidly OBJ1 OBJ2) means that there is a physical connection between OBJ1 and OBJ2 such that due to the flexibility of a connector, OBJ1, or OBJ2, limited movement around the point of connection is possible.  Positive exemplars include a book flap hinged to the spine of a book (see flap-hinged-to), the gall-bladder's attachment to the liver.  Negative exemplars include a wheel and axle or a door hinged to a door frame because the degrees of freedom of the object arise out of geometrical/mechanical properties of the objects and their connectors, not out of the flexibity of said objects.  Note that all flexible connections have a limit to their relative motion.  An extreme example of such a limit is in the connection between a propeller and the fuselage of a rubber band powered airplane.")

;;; connotes
(isa connotes cotemporal-predicate)
(isa connotes ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa connotes individual)
(arg1-isa connotes spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa connotes thing)
(arg3-isa connotes generic-attribute)
(comment connotes "(connotes OBJ-1 OBJ-2 DEGREE) means that as a consequence of perceiving one thing (OBJ-1), a typical sane intelligent perceiving agent would likely think of another thing (OBJ-2) with a strength of association indicated by DEGREE.  E.g., (connotes german-nazi-party prejudice high), (connotes lenat cyc high).  This predicate is sometimes symmetric, but often not.")

;;; constituents
(isa constituents composition-predicate)
(isa constituents anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa constituents reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa constituents transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa constituents cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds constituents cotemporal)
(genl-preds constituents physical-decompositions)
(arg1-isa constituents partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa constituents partially-tangible)
(comment constituents "The predicate constituents is used to indicate a particular partially-tangible which makes up another (possibly non-distinct) partially-tangible thing.  (constituents WHL PART) means that the individual object WHL is partially constituted by PART, and PART is more or less uniformly distributed in WHL.  For example, the two teaspoons of chocolate syrup that I put in my milk become constituents of my glass of chocolate milk.  Note that constituents does not entail any special kind of association or bond among the constituents of a thing; they might be simply mixed, they might be chemically bonded, and they might be part of some complex structure.")
(synonymous-external-concept constituents s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MADE-OF")

;;; constraining-object
(isa constraining-object irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa constraining-object asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa constraining-object actor-slot)
(genl-preds constraining-object post-actors)
(genl-preds constraining-object pre-actors)
(arg1-isa constraining-object movement-event)
(arg2-isa constraining-object partially-tangible)
(comment constraining-object "(constraining-object MOTION OBJ) means that OBJ physically constrains the motion of some object-moving in the movement-event MOTION.  The constraining-object necessarily touches the object-moving during at least part of MOTION.  Examples of constraining-objects include: an axle constraining a wheel turning, a car or other transporter carrying passengers, and a railroad track guiding a train.  As these examples show, a constraining-object may or may not be moving.  A road driven on by a car is a marginally negative example of a constraining-object, because the car can drive off the road, though the road does facilitate its motion.")

;;; consumes-portion
(isa consumes-portion asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa consumes-portion actor-slot)
(genl-preds consumes-portion object-acted-on)
(arg1-isa consumes-portion event)
(arg2-isa consumes-portion partially-tangible)
(comment consumes-portion "(consumes-portion ?EV ?OBJ) means that a portion of the object ?OBJ is used up (consumed) in the event ?EV.  However, enough of ?OBJ remains at the end of ?EV for it to maintain its identity.  Thus consumes-portion would be appropriate for an apple that has a bite taken out of it in an eating event, but not for an apple that has been eaten to its core, since the latter is no longer an apple.")

;;; contains-cavity
(isa contains-cavity functional-slot)
(isa contains-cavity physical-part-predicate)
(isa contains-cavity cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds contains-cavity cotemporal)
(genl-preds contains-cavity physical-decompositions)
(arg1-isa contains-cavity partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa contains-cavity cavity)
(comment contains-cavity "(containsCavity OBJ CAV) means that the object OBJ contains the cavity CAV somewhere in it or on its surface.  The cavity of a container could be, e.g., the interior of a box with its walls.")

;;; contains-information
(isa contains-information inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa contains-information non-physical-part-predicate)
(arg1-isa contains-information information-bearing-thing)
(arg2-isa contains-information abstract-information)
(comment contains-information "(contains-information ?IBT ?INFO) means that ?INFO is part of the information content of the information-bearing-thing, ?IBT.")

;;; contains-portals
(isa contains-portals cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa contains-portals physical-part-predicate)
(genl-preds contains-portals cotemporal)
(genl-preds contains-portals physical-parts)
(genl-preds contains-portals contains-cavity)
(arg1-isa contains-portals partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa contains-portals portal)
(arg2-isa contains-portals partially-tangible)
(comment contains-portals "The portals of this container.")

;;; contiguous-after
(isa contiguous-after irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa contiguous-after complex-temporal-relation)
(isa contiguous-after asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa contiguous-after anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds contiguous-after starts-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa contiguous-after temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa contiguous-after temporal-thing)
(comment contiguous-after "(contiguous-after AFTER BEFORE) means that AFTER starts immediately following BEFORE.  The two events have no time points in common, but there is no time point between them --- i.e., between the ending of the first one (BEFORE) and the starting of the second one (AFTER).  E.g., one can use this predicate to state an axiom that adolescence is contiguous-after childhood.

Note:  This Cyc temporal relation is similar, but not equivalent to, what James Allen independently dubbed the METBY relation.")
(overlapping-external-concept contiguous-after s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SINCE")

;;; continuously-connected-to
(not 
  (isa continuously-connected-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa continuously-connected-to irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa continuously-connected-to shape-describing-predicate)
(isa continuously-connected-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa continuously-connected-to cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds continuously-connected-to touches-directly)
(genl-inverse continuously-connected-to continuously-connected-to)
(arg1-isa continuously-connected-to partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa continuously-connected-to partially-tangible)
(comment continuously-connected-to "(continuouslyConnectedTo OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are partially-tangibles which are are directly and almost seamlessly connected (e.g. they are formed from the same chunk of material, with no substantial barrier or surface or gap separating them.).")

;;; contrary-feelings
(isa contrary-feelings symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa contrary-feelings functional-slot)
(isa contrary-feelings intensional-representation-predicate)
(isa contrary-feelings anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa contrary-feelings transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds contrary-feelings contrasted-feelings)
(genl-inverse contrary-feelings contrary-feelings)
(arg1-isa contrary-feelings feeling-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl contrary-feelings feeling-attribute)
(arg2-isa contrary-feelings feeling-attribute-type)
(arg2-genl contrary-feelings feeling-attribute)
(comment contrary-feelings "(contrary-feelings EMOTYPE CONTTYPE) means that a feeling of the type EMOTYPE is contrary to a feeling of the type CONTTYPE.  One feeling is contrary to another if they are opposed in almost all their components.  See also contrasted-feelings.  It would be very rare for someone to feel both an EMOTYPE and CONTTYPE at the same time, especially about the same thing/event/situation.  E.g., (contrary-feelings gloominess cheerfulness), (contrary-feelings respect contempt), (contrary-feelings shame pride), and so on.")

;;; contrasted-feelings
(isa contrasted-feelings intensional-representation-predicate)
(isa contrasted-feelings irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa contrasted-feelings symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa contrasted-feelings transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse contrasted-feelings contrasted-feelings)
(arg1-isa contrasted-feelings feeling-attribute-type)
(arg1-genl contrasted-feelings feeling-attribute)
(arg2-isa contrasted-feelings feeling-attribute-type)
(arg2-genl contrasted-feelings feeling-attribute)
(comment contrasted-feelings "(contrasted-feelings EMOTYPE CONTTYPE) means that a feeling of the type EMOTYPE differs in enough components from a feeling of the type CONTTYPE that it is unlikely (but not virtually impossible, as in the case of contrary-feelings) that someone would simultaneously experience feelings of both types EMOTYPE and CONTTYPE, especially with respect to the same object. E.g., (contrasted-feelings pride remorse),  (contrasted-feelings abhorrence respect), (contrasted-feelings entertained--emotion panic), etc.  That last assertion expresses the rule of thumb that one does not often feel both entertained and panicy at the same time, though those two emotions are clearly not each other's `opposite' by any means.")

;;; contrastive--r-s-t
(isa contrastive--r-s-t r-s-t-relation)
(isa contrastive--r-s-t symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse contrastive--r-s-t contrastive--r-s-t)
(arg1-isa contrastive--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(arg2-isa contrastive--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(comment contrastive--r-s-t "The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 and ARG2 are presented as being similar in many ways but contrasting in ways the speaker wants to point out.")
(synonymous-external-concept contrastive--r-s-t s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RST-CONTRASTIVE")

;;; controls
(not 
  (isa controls irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa controls reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa controls asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa controls anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa controls symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa controls transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa controls cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds controls cotemporal)
(genl-preds controls positive-vested-interest)
(arg1-isa controls agent)
(arg2-isa controls individual)
(comment controls "(controls X Y) represents that assertion that agent X controls the object Y, in one of the following 2 senses:  X can influence (prohibit, enable or constrain) the behavior of Y; or else X can at least influence (prohibit, enable or constrain) the behavior of other agents in/concerning Y.  For example, Fred may control his horse directly, forcing it to do things, or not do them; and he also could control the horse indirectly, by deciding who else has access to and use of that horse.  Control of one agent over another agent is rarely total, of course, so this predicate is most likely to apply to a Y which is a non-living possession, and/or to apply in a very narrow context.  X's control over Y is usually either actual (de facto) control or legal (de jure) control.  It is usually cotemporal, meaning that some time slice of X controls the same temporal time slice of Y.")

;;; conveyor--stationary
(isa conveyor--stationary actor-slot)
(isa conveyor--stationary asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds conveyor--stationary instrument--generic)
(arg1-isa conveyor--stationary transportation-event)
(arg2-isa conveyor--stationary tangible-thing)
(comment conveyor--stationary "(conveyor-Stationary ?TRAN ?CONV) means that in the transportation event ?TRAN, ?CONV is a conveyor just like a transporter except it does not move together with the transportee along the path of the transportation.  For example, a river can move aboat from a location to another, and a conveyor belt can move some objects from one place to another, without itself moving with them inthe literal sense, i.e., the river does not change its location(though some pieces of water in the river do) together with the boat, nor does the conveyor belt move with the objects on it from place to place (though some parts of it do).")

;;; cost
(isa cost interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa cost individual)
(arg2-isa cost money)
(comment cost "(cost OBJECT MONEY) means that buying OBJECT costs the amount MONEY, where this amount can be an interval.  The cost of something is time- and seller-dependent.  For example, the cost of a particular mansion Grey Gables is US$800,000 in an actual sale, or when offered for sale; cost does not refer to appraised value.")

;;; cost-per-quantity
(isa cost-per-quantity quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa cost-per-quantity product-type)
(arg1-isa cost-per-quantity stuff-type)
(arg1-genl cost-per-quantity product)
(arg2-isa cost-per-quantity physical-amount-slot)
(arg3-isa cost-per-quantity scalar-interval)
(arg4-isa cost-per-quantity money)
(comment cost-per-quantity "The predicate cost-per-quantity gives the price for a measured amount of some type of stuff.  (cost-per-quantity STUFF UNITS QUANTITY PRICE) means that this kind of STUFF costs PRICE for each QUANTITY of UNITS.  For example, milk, as measured by volume (i.e., by the predicate volume-of-object), costs about US $3 per gallon.")

;;; cotemporal
(isa cotemporal reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa cotemporal symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa cotemporal complex-temporal-relation)
(isa cotemporal transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds cotemporal temporally-subsumes)
(genl-preds cotemporal temporal-bounds-identical)
(genl-inverse cotemporal cotemporal)
(arg1-isa cotemporal temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa cotemporal temporal-thing)
(comment cotemporal "(cotemporal X Y) means that X and Y have the exact same temporal extent.  This is a much stronger relation than temporal-bounds-identical (q.v.).







Note:  Cyc's cotemporal relation is equivalent to what James Allen independently dubbed the EQUALS relation.")

;;; cotemporal-sub-events
(isa cotemporal-sub-events transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa cotemporal-sub-events sub-process-slot)
(genl-preds cotemporal-sub-events cotemporal)
(genl-preds cotemporal-sub-events sub-events)
(arg1-isa cotemporal-sub-events event)
(arg2-isa cotemporal-sub-events event)
(comment cotemporal-sub-events "The Cyc predicate cotemporal-sub-events is used to relate an event to some sub-portion of the event which has the same duration as the whole event but doesn't include everything that happens.  (cotemporal-sub-events WHOLE PART) means that WHOLE and PART are cotemporal events (i.e., they have the same exact duration), and PART is a component of WHOLE.  For example, a particular element of rain-storm may have distinguishable cotemporal-sub-events for (1) raining and (2) wind blowing.  Or, an instance of swimming backstroke has separable events for (1) kicking and (2) arm motion throughout the swimming.  cotemporal-sub-events allows us to identify them and state different things about the distinct processes.  See also cotemporal, sub-events.")

;;; country-of-address
(isa country-of-address functional-slot)
(genl-preds country-of-address object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa country-of-address partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa country-of-address country)
(comment country-of-address "(country-of-address LOC COUNTRY) means that the contact-location LOC is located in the country COUNTRY.  For example, cycorp's country-of-address is the united-states-of-america.  See also contact-location.")

;;; covering
(isa covering taxonomic-slot)
(arg1-isa covering set-or-collection)
(arg2-isa covering set-or-collection)
(comment covering "(covering SETORCOL COVER) means that the mathematical set or collection COVER is a covering of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL -- that is, the elements of COVER are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of at least one of the elements of COVER.  For example, the Linnaean taxonomy of types of living things (Dog, Mammal, Chordate, Fungus, etc.) is a covering of the set of all animals alive today.  Every animal alive today is a member of one or more of the Linnaean categories.  A covering set or collection COVER may contain `extra' elements, which are not members of SETORCOL.  For example, the union of all the Linnaean categories (see organism-classification-type) is actually much larger than the set of animals alive today, encompassing plants, extinct animal species, etc.  In order to express an assertion about covering, one need not create a new constant from scratch to play the role of COVER if such a constant doesn't already exist.  Instead, one can specify a covering set by enumerating its elements, using the function the-covering.  (This is a special reifiable-function whose principal reason-for-being is to facilitate the inference heuristics associated with assertions about covering.)")

;;; covers--baglike
(isa covers--baglike irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--baglike asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--baglike cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa covers--baglike transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--baglike spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds covers--baglike surrounds-completely)
(genl-preds covers--baglike touches)
(genl-inverse covers--baglike cotemporal)
(arg1-isa covers--baglike partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa covers--baglike partially-tangible)
(comment covers--baglike "(covers--baglike WRAP OBJECT) means that WRAP covers OBJECT as a continuous sheet wrapping wholly around object.  WRAP touches OBJECT, so there is nothing greater than a sheet thickness separating them.  OBJECT is totally enclosed in WRAP.")

;;; covers--hairlike
(not 
  (isa covers--hairlike asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa covers--hairlike anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa covers--hairlike symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa covers--hairlike transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa covers--hairlike cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa covers--hairlike irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--hairlike spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds covers--hairlike cotemporal)
(genl-inverse covers--hairlike cotemporal)
(arg1-isa covers--hairlike partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa covers--hairlike partially-tangible)
(comment covers--hairlike "(covers--hairlike HAIR OBJECT) means that HAIR consists of a mob of things that are embedded close together in OBJECT and cover some portion of its surface.  See also mob.")

;;; covers--paintlike
(isa covers--paintlike cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa covers--paintlike asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--paintlike transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--paintlike spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds covers--paintlike touches)
(genl-preds covers--paintlike cotemporal)
(genl-inverse covers--paintlike cotemporal)
(arg1-isa covers--paintlike partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa covers--paintlike partially-tangible)
(comment covers--paintlike "(covers-Paintlike COATING OBJECT) means that COATING adheres to and covers OBJECT like a coat of paint. COATING touchesDirectly onto OBJECT. COATING may be either dry (e.g., dried paint) or liquid (e.g., lubricant spread on a surface, like cooking oil on a baking pan). Like paint, COATING isn't more cohesive with itself thanit is with OBJECT, so (if dry) it would tend to peel or flake off in small pieces, rather than as a whole.")

;;; covers--ruglike
(not 
  (isa covers--ruglike asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa covers--ruglike anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa covers--ruglike symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa covers--ruglike transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa covers--ruglike cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa covers--ruglike irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--ruglike spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds covers--ruglike cotemporal)
(genl-inverse covers--ruglike cotemporal)
(arg1-isa covers--ruglike solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa covers--ruglike partially-tangible)
(comment covers--ruglike "(covers--ruglike MAT OBJECT) means that MAT covers at least part of one surface of OBJECT.  MAT is sheet-shaped, and MAT lies with its two longer dimensions parallel to OBJECT.  See also covers-with-conformity.")

;;; covers--skinlike
(not 
  (isa covers--skinlike transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa covers--skinlike cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa covers--skinlike anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--skinlike asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa covers--skinlike functional-slot)
(isa covers--skinlike spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds covers--skinlike touches)
(genl-preds covers--skinlike cotemporal)
(genl-inverse covers--skinlike cotemporal)
(arg1-isa covers--skinlike partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa covers--skinlike partially-tangible)
(comment covers--skinlike "(covers--skinlike SKIN OBJECT) means that SKIN forms all or part of OBJECT's outer surface, shell, or skin.  The predicate is agnostic as to whether SKIN is a part of OBJECT.")

;;; covers-with-conformity
(isa covers-with-conformity spatial-predicate)
(isa covers-with-conformity ternary-predicate)
(isa covers-with-conformity functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa covers-with-conformity solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa covers-with-conformity sheet-of-some-stuff)
(arg3-isa covers-with-conformity generic-attribute)
(comment covers-with-conformity "(covers-with-conformity OBJ SHEET LEVEL) means that OBJ is covered by SHEET, and SHEET conforms to the surface features of OBJ to the degree LEVEL.  SHEET may cover OBJ in either the sense of covers--ruglike or covers--baglike.  For example, hosiery covers legs with a high degree of conformity; sweat pants have low conformity to legs.")

;;; customers
(isa customers cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa customers irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa customers transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa customers symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa customers anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa customers asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds customers does-business-with)
(genl-preds customers clients)
(genl-preds customers cotemporal)
(arg1-isa customers agent)
(arg2-isa customers agent)
(comment customers "The predicate customers represents a relationship between two agents.  (customers AGENT1 AGENT2) means AGENT1 sells goods and/or services to AGENT2.  AGENT2 must actually buy something from AGENT1 in order to be one of AGENT1's customers.  (Thus, customers has a narrower meaning than `customer' in colloquial English, which includes potential buyers.)  See also clients.  Cf. buying-agent (in a particular sales event). ")

;;; cycle-in-system
(isa cycle-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa cycle-in-system path--generic)
(arg2-isa cycle-in-system thing)
(comment cycle-in-system "(cycle-in-system CYCLE SYS) means that CYCLE is a cycle in the path system SYS.  A cycle in SYS is either a loop in SYS or the concatenation of two different paths PATH1 and PATH2 in SYS satisfying (i) there are two points X and Y in SYS such that (path-between-in-system PATH1 X Y SYS) and (path-between-in-system PATH2 X Y SYS), and (ii) no point in SYS other than X and Y is on both PATH1 and PATH2.")

;;; cyclist-notes
(isa cyclist-notes distributing-meta-knowledge-predicate)
(isa cyclist-notes binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa cyclist-notes cyc-indexed-term)
(arg2-isa cyclist-notes cyc-system-string)
(comment cyclist-notes "(cyclist-notes X S) means that S is a string of text that usually conveys a message useful to others involved in building the Cyc KB.  This might include warnings ('don't use this!'), plans for future expansion or changes, etc.")

;;; daily-high-temperature
(isa daily-high-temperature interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa daily-high-temperature geographical-region)
(arg2-isa daily-high-temperature temperature)
(comment daily-high-temperature "(daily-high-temperature PLACE TEMP) means that the temperature TEMP is the high temperature for a day at the geographical-region PLACE.  daily-high-temperature is typically used for a specified period of time (e.g., a particular day or a specific season); it may be used with generic temperature ranges as well as precise temperatures.  Examples: using holds-in, we can say that Austin's temperature for 7/20/96 is 102 degrees Fahrenheit; or we can say that for any summer-season, Austin's [typical] daily-high-temperature is very-hot.")

;;; daily-low-temperature
(isa daily-low-temperature interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa daily-low-temperature geographical-region)
(arg2-isa daily-low-temperature temperature)
(comment daily-low-temperature "(daily-low-temperature PLACE TEMP) means that the temperature TEMP is the low temperature for a day at the geographical-region PLACE.  daily-low-temperature is typically used for a specified period of time (e.g., a particular day or a specific season); it may be used with generic temperature ranges as well as precise temperatures.")

;;; damages
(isa damages actor-slot)
(isa damages asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa damages irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds damages object-acted-on)
(genl-preds damages maleficiary)
(arg1-isa damages event)
(arg2-isa damages something-existing)
(comment damages "(damages EV OBJ) means that OBJ is acted on in EV in such a way as to end up damaged.  Destruction is considered an extreme form of damage.")

;;; date-of-death
(isa date-of-death binary-predicate)
(genl-preds date-of-death ending-date)
(arg1-isa date-of-death entity)
(arg2-isa date-of-death date)
(comment date-of-death "(date-of-death ?X ?Y) indicates that the entity ?X ceased to exist during date ?Y. For people, this is the date at which they died, hence the name of the predicate.  The first argument to this predicate must be an entity, and not just any old something-existing, because we don't want to talk about the birth-date or date-of-death of a subabstraction like AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton; in other words, proper subabstractions will have starting-dates and ending-dates, but only true entitys will have a birth-date or date-of-death")

;;; dead-end-in-system
(isa dead-end-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds dead-end-in-system point-in-system)
(arg1-isa dead-end-in-system thing)
(arg2-isa dead-end-in-system thing)
(comment dead-end-in-system "(dead-end-in-system END SYS) means that END is a dead-end node in the specified path-system SYS.  A node X in SYS is a dead-end node in SYS if there is exactly one link LINK in SYS that END is on and END is not on any loop in SYS.  One easy way to illustrate a deadend X in SYS is to picture it as a node with only one path (possibly very 'short') in the system through which one can approach or leave X.  Note that no totally isolated node in SYS can be a deadend in SYS, neither can any point in SYS that is on a loop in SYS.  If there is no specified path-system in which the path ends, but the ending is a dead end of a path--customary like a road or wire, then use path-terminus instead.")

;;; dealer-for
(not 
  (isa dealer-for irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dealer-for reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dealer-for asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dealer-for anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dealer-for symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dealer-for transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa dealer-for binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa dealer-for retail-organization)
(arg2-isa dealer-for manufacturing-organization)
(comment dealer-for "The predicate dealer-for relates a retailer to the manufacturer(s) whose products are sold by that retailer.  (dealer-for RETAILER MANUF) means that the retail-organization RETAILER is a dealer for products made by the manufacturing-organization MANUF.  RETAILER may be only one of many dealers.  RETAIL sells MANUF's products to the final consumers.")

;;; defendants
(isa defendants irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa defendants asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa defendants actor-slot)
(genl-preds defendants litigants)
(arg1-isa defendants trial)
(arg2-isa defendants agent)
(comment defendants " (defendants ARG1 ARG2) means that the agent ARG2 is the accused party in the lawsuit ARG1.")

;;; defn-iff
(isa defn-iff binary-predicate)
(isa defn-iff inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate)
(isa defn-iff functional-slot)
(genl-preds defn-iff defn-sufficient)
(arg1-isa defn-iff collection)
(arg2-isa defn-iff cyc-system-symbol)
(comment defn-iff "(defn-iff COL TEST) means that TEST is the name of a piece of code in the Cyc system substrate, and TEST acts as a necessary and sufficient test for inclusion in the collection COL.  If TEST returns T [True] when applied to a particular item, that item is considered an element of COL; all elements of COL must fulfill TEST's requirements.  Cf. defn-necessary, defn-sufficient.")

;;; defn-necessary
(isa defn-necessary binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa defn-necessary collection)
(arg2-isa defn-necessary cyc-system-symbol)
(comment defn-necessary "(defn-necessary COL TEST) means that TEST is the name of a piece of code in the Cyc system substrate, and TEST acts as a necessary definition for membership in the Cyc collection COL.   Only if TEST returns T [True] when applied to a particular item can that item be considered an element of COL; all elements of COL must fulfill TEST's requirements, although there may be additional requirements for membership in COL as well.  Cf. defn-iff and defn-sufficient.")

;;; defn-sufficient
(isa defn-sufficient inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate)
(isa defn-sufficient binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa defn-sufficient collection)
(arg2-isa defn-sufficient cyc-system-symbol)
(comment defn-sufficient "(defn-sufficient COL TEST) means that TEST is the name of a piece of code in the Cyc system substrate, and TEST acts as a sufficient definition for inclusion in the Cyc collection COL.  If TEST returns T [True] when applied to a particular item, that item is considered an element of COL.  Note that TEST isn't necessarily a necessary test for membership in COL; i.e., not all elements of COL must pass the test, unless TEST is also a defn-necessary for COL.  Cf. defn-necessary, defn-iff.")

;;; deliberate-actors
(isa deliberate-actors actor-slot)
(genl-preds deliberate-actors pre-actors)
(arg1-isa deliberate-actors event)
(arg2-isa deliberate-actors agent)
(comment deliberate-actors "(deliberate-actors ACT ACTR) means that the agent ACTR is conscious, volitional, purposeful in the event ACT.   ACTR is aware of acting in ACT and chooses to play the role he/she/it has in that event; i.e., ACTR has some purpose in mind.
Note:  If you do something deliberately but you fail, you are still a deliberate-actors.  For instance, you are a near-sighted doer of showing-support-for-someone at a fencing match, and it turns out you were cheering for Fred when you thought you were cheering for Joe; nevertheless, you are still one of the deliberate-actors in the showing-support-for-someone event.
Note: Legal responsibility is a separte issue from `deliberateness.'  Doing something in a fit of rage (e.g. a crime of passion) still involves purpose, volition, and consciousness even if considered for only an instant, and even if the laws and courts find you not guilty.")

;;; denotation
(isa denotation intangible-object-predicate)
(isa denotation quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa denotation english-word)
(arg2-isa denotation linguistic-object-type)
(arg2-genl denotation speech-part)
(arg3-isa denotation integer)
(arg4-isa denotation thing)
(comment denotation "The predicate denotation is used to relate English words to their denotations within the Cyc Knowledge Base.  Some words have multiple denotations associated with different word senses, which may or may not occur in the same parts of speech. (denotation WORD PART NUM CONST) means that the denotation of WORD, with part of speech PART and word sense number NUM, is the Cyc constant CONST.  Examples: (1) place--the-word, an instance of english-word, has the denotation putting-something-somewhere when used as a verb with its word sense 0, and the denotation place when used as a simple-noun with that same word sense; (2) ring--the-word currently has four denotation assertions in the KB: emitting-sound (as a verb with its 1st word sense); audible-sound (as a simple-noun with its 1st word sense); ring-shape (as a simple-noun with its 0th word sense); and ring--jewelry (as a simple-noun with its 2nd word sense).  Note that denotation may reference the results of Cyc functions, as well as Cyc constants; e.g., density--the-word denotes (interval-min-fn (low-amount-fn density)).  See also word-sense, speech-part.")

;;; density-of-object
(isa density-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa density-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa density-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa density-of-object density)
(comment density-of-object "(density-of-object OBJ DENS) means that the tangible thing OBJ has the density DENS.")

;;; desires
(isa desires propositional-attitude-slot)
(arg1-isa desires intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa desires cyc-formula)
(comment desires "(desires AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT desires that the world be as the proposition PROP (represented by a cyc-formula) describes it to be.  desires is implied by goals, but is weaker:  PROP might be some desirable state of affairs that the agent is not actively working, or planning, to make/keep true; e.g., world-peace.  See also goals and intends.")
(overlapping-external-concept desires s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "WANTING")

;;; destination--round-trip
(isa destination--round-trip actor-slot)
(genl-preds destination--round-trip non-deliberate-actors)
(arg1-isa destination--round-trip translation--round-trip)
(arg2-isa destination--round-trip partially-tangible)
(comment destination--round-trip "(destination--round-trip TRIP PLACE) means that PLACE is the destination (i.e., the to-location) of the OUTBOUND leg of the round-trip event TRIP.  PLACE is where the object-moving in TRIP goes and then returns from.  See also origin--round-trip, translation--round-trip, outbound-leg-of-round-trip.")

;;; developer-of-i-b-t-type
(isa developer-of-i-b-t-type intangible-object-predicate)
(isa developer-of-i-b-t-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa developer-of-i-b-t-type specified-information-bearing-thing-type)
(arg2-isa developer-of-i-b-t-type agent)
(comment developer-of-i-b-t-type "The predicate developer-of-i-b-t-type relates a specific work to its creator(s).  (developer-of-i-b-t-type IBTTYPE AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the people, corporations, publishers, etc., responsible for the invention or bringing into being of the specified-information-bearing-thing-type IBTTYPE, which may be a book, television show, computer program, musical score, etc.  Examples: lenat is a developer-of-i-b-t-type for the cyc-k-b; orson-welles is a developer-of-i-b-t-type for citizen-kane--the-movie.")

;;; device-controlled-by
(isa device-controlled-by anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa device-controlled-by transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa device-controlled-by asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa device-controlled-by physical-device)
(arg2-isa device-controlled-by control-device)
(comment device-controlled-by "(device-controlled-by DEV CONTROL) means that CONTROL is a control-device that controls physical-device DEV.  Most of the time, the controls will be physical-parts of the device.  However there are some notable exceptions -- one's TV remote control, for example -- which control a device but are not physical-parts of that device.")

;;; device-used
(isa device-used actor-slot)
(genl-preds device-used instrument--generic)
(arg1-isa device-used event)
(arg2-isa device-used physical-device)
(comment device-used "The predicate device-used indicates that a particular device is used in a particular event. (device-used EVENT OBJECT) means that the physical-device OBJECT plays an instrumental role in the event EVENT.  (See also instrument--generic.) OBJECT is intentionally used in EVENT, and standardly (e.g., in the human-activities-mt) OBJECT's role in EVENT is consistent with the object's primary-function.")

;;; different
(isa different predicate)
(isa different evaluatable-function)
(isa different variable-arity-relation)
(isa different commutative-relation)
(args-isa different thing)
(comment different "The variable-arity predicate different is used to state the non-identity of two or more objects. (different X1 X2 ... Xn) means that each Xi given as an argument is not equal to any of the other Xi's.  different is an element of evaluatable-function (q.v.).  See also equals.



different can be used to simplify formulas when several things need to be tested for mutual inequality.")

;;; different-in-attribute
(isa different-in-attribute ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa different-in-attribute thing)
(arg2-isa different-in-attribute thing)
(arg3-isa different-in-attribute attribute-type)
(comment different-in-attribute "(different-in-attribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 do not have the same values of the attribute-type ATTRIBUTE.  Here 'the same' could mean means complete identity or close resemblance -- what this 'different' means, and what the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but different-in-attribute and identical-in-attribute cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things.  See also resembles-in-attribute, and different-in-attribute.")

;;; directing-agent
(isa directing-agent actor-slot)
(genl-preds directing-agent deliberate-actors)
(arg1-isa directing-agent event)
(arg2-isa directing-agent agent)
(comment directing-agent "(directing-agent ACT AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the agents that is in control of or directing ACT, but not necessarily directly performing it.  If, in the event ACT, an agent other than AGENT has the performed-by role, then that performer's actions in ACT are directed by AGENT.  For example, (directing-agent PSOBicentennialConcertOfBeethovensNinth WilliamSteinberg) is true, because Steinberg was the conductor of that concert; he directed the many other musicians who performed in that event.  Another case: (directing-agent MassacreAtMyLai LtWilliamCalley).  The type of direction implied by directing-agent is the kind that can be accomplished by AGENT communicating its desires to the actual performer(s) of ACT.  So, a person would be the directing-agent in a clothes-washing event done-by a washing machine ONLY in those contexts in which we can consider the machine an agent, acting intentionally.")

;;; direction--pointing
(isa direction--pointing binary-predicate)
(isa direction--pointing spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa direction--pointing partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa direction--pointing unit-vector-interval)
(comment direction--pointing "(direction--pointing OBJ DIR) means that the intrinsic pointing axis of OBJ points in the direction DIR (which is described using an instance of unit-vector-interval).  Pointing axes may be ascribed to certain objects especially in relation to their function(s); e.g., objects which are intended to indicate direction (e.g., a pointer stick, a compass needle); objects which cause motion in a certain direction (e.g., a gun, a train); objects which are accessed from a certain direction (e.g., cupboards, couches).")

;;; direction-between-objects
(isa direction-between-objects ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa direction-between-objects partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa direction-between-objects partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa direction-between-objects unit-vector-interval)
(comment direction-between-objects "(direction-between-objects OBJ1 OBJ2 UVI) means that UVI, an element of unit-vector-interval, is a vector or set of vectors which point(s) from a point (or set of points) in OBJ1 to a point (or set of points) in OBJ2.  See also vector-from-to-fn which is roughly interchangeable with direction-between-objects.  direction-between-objects has the advantage that an arbitrarily precise direction may be specified.  vector-from-to-fn saves the user from doing the labor involved with reifiing and from having to know the direction between OBJ1 and OBJ2.")

;;; direction-of-translation--throughout
(isa direction-of-translation--throughout binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa direction-of-translation--throughout movement--translation-event)
(arg2-isa direction-of-translation--throughout unit-vector-interval)
(comment direction-of-translation--throughout "(direction-of-translation--throughout MOVEMENT DIR) means that the object-moving in the MOVEMENT event translates in the direction DIR throughout MOVEMENT.  In a translation--multi-path event, where there are several objects moving and following different pathways, this means that at least one of those objects moves in direction DIR.
Note: It may turn out, in the future, to be worth creating a ternary version of this, which specifies which direction each particular object-moving moves in.")

;;; dirtiness-of-object
(isa dirtiness-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa dirtiness-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa dirtiness-of-object dirtiness)
(comment dirtiness-of-object "(dirtiness-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of dirtiness.")

;;; disjoint-with
(isa disjoint-with irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa disjoint-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa disjoint-with default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa disjoint-with taxonomic-slot)
(isa disjoint-with rule-macro-predicate)
(not 
  (isa disjoint-with transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa disjoint-with anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse disjoint-with disjoint-with)
(arg1-isa disjoint-with set-or-collection)
(arg2-isa disjoint-with set-or-collection)
(comment disjoint-with "(disjoint-with SETORCOL1 SETORCOL2) means that the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL1 is disjoint with the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL2 -- that is, the two have no elements in common.")

;;; dislikes-object
(not 
  (isa dislikes-object irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-object reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-object asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-object anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-object symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-object transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa dislikes-object binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa dislikes-object agent)
(arg2-isa dislikes-object partially-tangible)
(comment dislikes-object "(dislikes-object AGT OBJ) means that AGT feels an emotion of dislike when interacting with OBJ in some way.  See likes-object for elaboration.  A specialization of dislikes-object is dislikes-sensorially (qv). ")

;;; dislikes-role-in-activity
(isa dislikes-role-in-activity ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa dislikes-role-in-activity agent)
(arg2-isa dislikes-role-in-activity actor-slot)
(arg3-isa dislikes-role-in-activity event)
(comment dislikes-role-in-activity "(dislikes-role-in-activity AGT ROLE EVT) means that if the agent AGT has the relation ROLE to the event EVT, then AGT is likely to feel dissatisfaction.  This predicate is useful to represent sentences such as `Joe dislikes running' or `Fred disliked receiving the flogging'.")

;;; dislikes-sensorially
(not 
  (isa dislikes-sensorially irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-sensorially reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-sensorially asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-sensorially anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa dislikes-sensorially symmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa dislikes-sensorially binary-predicate)
(genl-preds dislikes-sensorially dislikes-object)
(arg1-isa dislikes-sensorially perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa dislikes-sensorially sensory-attribute)
(comment dislikes-sensorially "(dislikes-sensorially AGT SENSUM) means that the perceptual-agent AGT feels some physical discomfort from the sensory experience of SENSUM (a taste, an odor, a particular level of pain, etc. --- see sensory-attribute).
Note: this is a stronger statement than (not (likes-sensorially AGT SENSUM)), as there may be many sensory-attributes which one neither particularly likes nor dislikes.")

;;; distance-above-sea-level
(isa distance-above-sea-level interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa distance-above-sea-level geographical-region)
(arg2-isa distance-above-sea-level distance)
(comment distance-above-sea-level "(distance-above-sea-level REG DIST) means that the altitude above sea level of the geographical-region REG is the distance DIST.  For elements of mountain, distance is measured from sea level to the peak; for elements of lake, from the surface to sea level; for cities, from the center of town to sea level.  Examples: (distance-above-sea-level pikes-peak--mount (foot--unit-of-measure 14110)); (distance-above-sea-level mount-everest (foot--unit-of-measure 29028)); (distance-above-sea-level mount-fuji--volcano (foot--unit-of-measure 12389)); (distance-above-sea-level lake-huron (foot--unit-of-measure 580)).")

;;; distance-between
(isa distance-between cotemporal-predicate)
(isa distance-between ternary-predicate)
(isa distance-between functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa distance-between spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa distance-between spatial-thing)
(arg3-isa distance-between distance)
(comment distance-between "(distance-between THIS THAT DIST) means that the distance between two things, THIS and THAT, is DIST.  DIST is the length of the shortest straight line which extends from a point on THIS to a point on THAT.  For example, (distance-between la-guardia-airport new-york-hilton-at-broadway (kilometer 12)).  The notion of 'straight line' depends on the context; in a Geography-related context it would be a great circle line on the Earth's surface rather than a true Euclidian straight line going through the Earth.")

;;; distance-of-rotation
(isa distance-of-rotation binary-predicate)
(isa distance-of-rotation role)
(arg1-isa distance-of-rotation movement--rotation)
(arg2-isa distance-of-rotation physical-attribute)
(arg2-isa distance-of-rotation scalar-interval)
(comment distance-of-rotation "This predicate indicates, for a particular rotational motion event, the total absolute value of the angular distance travelled by the object-moving in that event.  (distance-of-rotation ROT DIST) means that in the event ROT, the object-moving travelled the angular distance DIST.  Note that this is not the same as the net angular displacement of the object-moving, but rather the entire angular distance travelled.  So if you unscrew a jar lid 1/6 of a turn, and later screw it back on, the distance-of-rotation is 120 degrees, not zero; and if you spin around ten times, your distance-of-rotation is 3600 degrees, not zero.  Angular distance is measured in degrees, radians, etc.")

;;; distance-translated
(isa distance-translated role)
(isa distance-translated interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa distance-translated movement--translation-event)
(arg2-isa distance-translated distance)
(comment distance-translated "This predicate relates a translational movement event to the total distance travelled by the object-moving in that event.  (distance-translated MOVE DIST) means that in the event MOVE, the object-moving covered the distance DIST.  Note that DIST is the actual distance travelled by the object, not merely its net change in position; so if the pathway--complete of MOVE is a round trip a mile each way to the store, the distance-translated would be 2 miles, not zero.")

;;; does-business-with
(not 
  (isa does-business-with reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa does-business-with transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa does-business-with irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa does-business-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa does-business-with cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds does-business-with cotemporal)
(genl-inverse does-business-with does-business-with)
(arg1-isa does-business-with agent)
(arg2-isa does-business-with agent)
(comment does-business-with "The predicate does-business-with relates two agents who do business with each other.  (does-business-with AGENT1 AGENT2) means that AGENT1 does some business with AGENT2.  Minimally, that means the two agents at least occasionally negotiate to buy or sell products or services from one other. The two agents may or may not complete the sales/purchase and enter into actual contracts.")

;;; domain-assumptions
(isa domain-assumptions binary-predicate)
(isa domain-assumptions microtheory-predicate)
(arg1-isa domain-assumptions microtheory)
(arg2-isa domain-assumptions cyc-formula)
(comment domain-assumptions "(domain-assumptions M P) means that the microtheory M has the proposition P as a domain assumption.  See the comment for microtheory for a detailed explanation of what the `assumptions' of a mt are, as opposed to its `content'.  In brief, it means that all the `content' assertions of M assume that P is true.  Another way of thinking of this is that one is `in' context M only if all its domain assumptions are true.  Another way of thinking of this is that the various `content' assertions of M only apply to objects that satisfy all its domain-assumptions.  Yes, that means that the `domain of quantifiers' (for-all and there-exists) is limited to the universe of such objects.  So if it's true in M that (for-all ?x Q), and if we lift this axiom to another theory M2 that does not make the domain assumption P, then the axiom becomes (for-all ?x (implies P Q)).  

Note:  Actually, what becomes true in M2 is slightly more complicated, namely: (for-all ?x (implies (and P1 P2 P3...) Q)), where P1, P2, P3,... are all the domain assumptions of M which are not implied by the domain assumptions of M2.

Note:  Domain assumption propositions --- in this case P --- must have a special format:  P must contain the free variable ?U, and this ?U represents `some term which is talked about in M'.  The idea is that one could have a domain assumption that said `if ?U is a person, ?U must have been born after 1950', or which said `if ?U is the performer of an event, then ?U is a person' etc.  For example:  (implies (isa ?U physical-state-change-event) (isa ?U creation-or-destruction-event)) is one of the domain-assumptions of the naive-state-change-mt context.  It says that, in that context, physical state changes of an object (e.g., melting or boiling) are viewed as creations and destructions, in which elements of entity come into or go out of existence, rather than viewing them as events which preserve entityhood.")

;;; done-by
(isa done-by actor-slot)
(genl-preds done-by pre-actors)
(genl-preds done-by actors)
(arg1-isa done-by event)
(arg2-isa done-by something-existing)
(comment done-by "The predicate done-by relates an event to its `doer'.  (done-by EVENT DOER) means that DOER is the `doer' in the event EVENT.  Some action on the part of the doer causes or carries out the event.  This predicate is agnostic as to whether DOER does EVENT intentionally or not (DOER need not even be animate; e.g., the event in which Mount Vesuvius erupted and buried Pompeii was done-by Mount Vesuvius).  See performed-by and bodily-doer for the more specific senses of `doer' when DOER is, respectively, an agent (agent) acting deliberately or a biological organism (organism--whole).")

;;; doorway-has-covering
(isa doorway-has-covering physical-part-predicate)
(isa doorway-has-covering binary-predicate)
(genl-preds doorway-has-covering portal-has-covering)
(arg1-isa doorway-has-covering doorway)
(arg2-isa doorway-has-covering doorway-covering)
(comment doorway-has-covering "Relates a doorway to the physical covering used to seal it.  The user should be aware that doorway, the designated arg1 for this predicate, is currently constrained to be a physical part of some instance of shelter-construction.  This is because, in normal English parlance, doorways are the portals through which people pass to get in and out of shelter constructions, and from room to room.  Planes, trains, automobiles, and other vehicles are not conventionally said to have doorways, and if the aim is to assert something about the portal-coverings of a vehicle, portal-has-covering would be the appropriate predicate to use.")

;;; driver-actor
(isa driver-actor actor-slot)
(isa driver-actor asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa driver-actor irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds driver-actor transportees)
(genl-preds driver-actor performed-by)
(arg1-isa driver-actor transportation-event)
(arg2-isa driver-actor person)
(comment driver-actor "(driver-actor DRIVE DRIVER) means that DRIVER controls (see controlling-a-transporter) the transporter in DRIVE.  DRIVER steers the wheel, graps the tiller, controls the throttle, the reins, the brakes etc of the transporter, e.g. a boat, train, windsurfer, mule, plane, horse and carriage, spaceship, sled, etc..   DRIVER is not a passengers in DRIVE.  Because transporter and transportees are disjoint and driver-actor has transportees as a genl-preds, DRIVER is distinct from the value on transporter.  Thus a person walking while carrying a watermelon would not be a driver-actor in their own walking.  DRIVER is usually in sitting-posture during DRIVE.  For any given instant of DRIVE there is exactly one DRIVER.  Until we have more extensive vocabulary, the transportees is the most specific we can be about events in which multiple drivers share driving responsibility throughout the event or if there is a pilot/co-pilot combination.")

;;; ductility-of-object
(isa ductility-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa ductility-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa ductility-of-object solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa ductility-of-object ductility)
(comment ductility-of-object "(ductility-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the instance of solid-tangible-thing OBJ has this DEGREE of ductility (q.v.).")

;;; duration
(isa duration interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa duration temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa duration time--quantity)
(comment duration "(duration ?X ?Y) means that ?Y is length of time temporal-thing ?X happened/existed.  For a continuous temporal-thing, this is the same as its measure (the elapsed time from start to end.)  But for a discontinuous temporal-thing, the duration is strictly less than the measure.  For example, the duration of `the Mondays during May of 1996' is (days-duration 4), whereas the measure of that same temporal object is (days-duration 22).
Note:  Unfortunately, in some disciplines, such as Real Analysis, these two terms' definitions are switched!  In such contexts, one could assert to Cyc that the preferred denotation of duration was measure--the-word, and that the preferred denotation of measure was duration--the-word, but notice that the two concepts --- measure and duration --- are still distinct and useful in that discipline, they just happen to have different names there.")

;;; east-of
(isa east-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa east-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa east-of geographical-region)
(arg2-isa east-of geographical-region)
(comment east-of "(east-of REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the geographical-region REGION-1 is to the east of the geographical-region REGION-2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference.  Note that REGION-2 is therefore west of REGION-1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `west of'.  Example: (east-of eastern-u-s-a-time-zone central-u-s-a-time-zone).")

;;; eats-willingly
(isa eats-willingly binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa eats-willingly animal)
(arg2-isa eats-willingly temporal-stuff-type)
(arg2-genl eats-willingly partially-tangible)
(comment eats-willingly "The predicate eats-willingly is used to relate an animal to the type of food
it will willingly eat.  In a normal eating-event, the food consumed is of a type
that the eater eats-willingly.  As negative examples, no vegetarian or herbivore
eats-willingly meat.")

;;; education-level
(isa education-level binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa education-level person)
(arg2-isa education-level education-level-attribute)
(comment education-level "(education-level PRSN LVL) means person PRSN has had formal schooling up to the highest level education-level-attribute LVL at one or more educational-organizations.  This will refer to a particular sub-abstrac of a person, not to the person as a whole lifetime entity.")

;;; elasticity-of-object
(isa elasticity-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa elasticity-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa elasticity-of-object solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa elasticity-of-object elasticity)
(comment elasticity-of-object "(elasticity-of-object OBJ DEGREE) indicates how readily the solid tangible thing OBJ returns to its original shape after being deformed (but not broken).  The higher the DEGREE of elasticity, the more quickly and completely the object returns to its previous shape.  Billiard balls, for example, are highly elastic in this sense.  A related concept is compressibility-of-object.")

;;; element-of
(isa element-of binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa element-of asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa element-of symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa element-of anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa element-of transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa element-of irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa element-of reflexive-binary-predicate))
(arg1-isa element-of thing)
(arg2-isa element-of set-or-collection)
(comment element-of "(element-of THNG SETORCOL) means that THNG is an element of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL.  element-of is a more general relation than the more-heavily-used isa, which is used to talk about membership in a natural kind (an element of collection).  element-of can also be used to talk about membership in an arbitrarily-defined mathematical set (an instance of set--mathematical), such as those denoted by the-set expressions.")

;;; emitter
(isa emitter actor-slot)
(isa emitter asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa emitter irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds emitter provider-of-motive-force)
(genl-preds emitter from-location)
(genl-preds emitter done-by)
(arg1-isa emitter emission)
(arg2-isa emitter partially-tangible)
(comment emitter "The Cyc predicate emitter is used to identify the source of an emission.  (emitter EMIT OBJ) means that OBJ provides the force involved in making the object-emitted move from OBJ to someplace outside of OBJ.  See also provider-of-motive-force, from-location.")

;;; employed-agent
(isa employed-agent binary-predicate)
(genl-preds employed-agent agreeing-agents)
(arg1-isa employed-agent work-agreement)
(arg2-isa employed-agent agent)
(comment employed-agent "The predicate employed-agent identifies the particular employee who is covered by a particular work agreement.  (employed-agent AGREE WORKER) means that AGREE is an instance of work-agreement covering the employee WORKER.")

;;; employee-status
(isa employee-status binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa employee-status person)
(arg1-isa employee-status agent)
(arg2-isa employee-status work-status)
(comment employee-status "The predicate employee-status describes a worker's job as full-time, part-time, salaried, commissioned, paid by the hour, or etc.  More than one may apply.  (employee-status WORKER STATUS) means that STATUS indicates the work-status of WORKER.  For example, the employee-status of an auto worker at GM probably includes the work-status attributes full-time and hourly-work.")

;;; employees
(isa employees asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa employees cotemporal-objects-slot)
(not 
  (isa employees transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds employees has-workers)
(genl-preds employees affiliated-with)
(genl-preds employees cotemporal)
(arg1-isa employees agent)
(arg2-isa employees agent)
(comment employees "The predicate employees relates a particular employer to one of its paid employees.  (employees EMPLOYER WORKER) means WORKER regularly performs work for EMPLOYER, and EMPLOYER pays WORKER for that activity (often by paycheck).  EMPLOYER directs the manner in which WORKER performs the work and may provide the workplace, tools, capital, and other assistance for the work.  EMPLOYER is commonly an organization but may be a person. E.g., (employees PerryMason PaulDrake); (employees cycorp lenat).  This predicate is true during all or any part of the period that the employment continues; e.g., (holds-in (year-fn 1995) (employees carnegie-mellon-university derthick)).")

;;; employing-agent
(isa employing-agent binary-predicate)
(genl-preds employing-agent agreeing-agents)
(arg1-isa employing-agent work-agreement)
(arg2-isa employing-agent agent)
(comment employing-agent "The predicate employing-agent identifies the employer in a particular work agreement.  (employing-agent AGREE EMPLOYER) means that the agent EMPLOYER has entered into the work-agreement AGREE with some employee, and AGREE obligates EMPLOYER to compensate that employee for specified work.  See also agreement, obligated-agent.")

;;; empties-into
(not 
  (isa empties-into transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa empties-into anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa empties-into asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa empties-into functional-slot)
(arg1-isa empties-into stream)
(arg2-isa empties-into body-of-water)
(comment empties-into "The predicate empties-into is used to indicate that a particular flowing body of water disgorges into another body of water.  (empties-into RIV WAT) means that the stream RIV flows into WAT, an element of body-of-water.  Examples: (empties-into amazon-river atlantic-ocean); (empties-into huang-he-river YellowSea).")

;;; end-to-end-connected
(isa end-to-end-connected inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa end-to-end-connected connection-predicate)
(isa end-to-end-connected spatial-predicate)
(isa end-to-end-connected symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds end-to-end-connected connected-to--rigidly)
(genl-inverse end-to-end-connected end-to-end-connected)
(genl-inverse end-to-end-connected connected-to--rigidly)
(arg1-isa end-to-end-connected path--simple)
(arg2-isa end-to-end-connected path--simple)
(comment end-to-end-connected "(end-to-end-connected PATH1 PATH2) means that one end of a path--simple or a simple-unlooped-segment-of-path, PATH1, is connected to one end of another path--simple or simple-unlooped-segment-of-path, PATH2, end-to-end, allowing flow or transport between them.  This kind of connection is not currently included as a junction-of-paths.  In pipe welding, these connections are called butt welds or circumferential pipe welds.")

;;; ending-date
(isa ending-date binary-predicate)
(genl-preds ending-date ends-during)
(arg1-isa ending-date temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa ending-date date)
(comment ending-date "(ending-date ?X ?Y) indicates that ?Y is a date such that (temporally-subsumes ?Y (end-fn ?X)). This is NOT the same as ending-point.  Rather, it means that ?X stopped happening (went out of existence, etc.) sometime on that date.
Note:  the date is tied to a time interval on a calendar, but need not be a particular day; it might be a particular calendar month, a particular calendar year, etc.")

;;; ending-point
(isa ending-point temporal-relation)
(arg1-isa ending-point temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa ending-point time-point)
(comment ending-point "(ending-point ?X ?T) indicates that ?T is the time-point at which ?X ends, the latest moment of its temporal extent.")

;;; ends-after-ending-of
(isa ends-after-ending-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa ends-after-ending-of complex-temporal-relation)
(isa ends-after-ending-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa ends-after-ending-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds ends-after-ending-of ends-after-starting-of)
(arg1-isa ends-after-ending-of temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa ends-after-ending-of temporal-thing)
(comment ends-after-ending-of "(ends-after-ending-of LATER EARLY) means that LATER ends after EARLY ends -- in Cyc terms, (after (end-fn LATER) (end-fn EARLY)).  That is, the ending-point of LATER is later than the ending-point of EARLY.   This implies nothing about whether LATER and EARLY overlap, or how much they overlap, except that they can't be fully cotemporal.  Examples: rinsing while showering ends after soaping while showering; the process of hiring a contractor ends after the process of collecting bids.")

;;; ends-after-starting-of
(isa ends-after-starting-of complex-temporal-relation)
(isa ends-after-starting-of reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa ends-after-starting-of transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ends-after-starting-of symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ends-after-starting-of anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ends-after-starting-of asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(arg1-isa ends-after-starting-of temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa ends-after-starting-of temporal-thing)
(comment ends-after-starting-of "(ends-after-starting-of ?X ?Y) means (after (end-fn ?X) (start-fn ?Y)).  That is, the ending-point of ?X is later than the starting-point of ?Y.  This implies nothing about whether ?X and ?Y overlap, or how much they overlap.")

;;; ends-during
(isa ends-during complex-temporal-relation)
(isa ends-during asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa ends-during transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ends-during symmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds ends-during ends-after-starting-of)
(genl-preds ends-during temporal-bounds-intersect)
(genl-inverse ends-during ends-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa ends-during temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa ends-during temporal-thing)
(comment ends-during "(ends-during ?X ?Y) means ?Y covers the end of ?X, i.e. the ending-point of ?X is properly contained in (temporal-bounds-contain) ?Y.  Note that ?X and ?Y don't necessarily intersect, however, if ?Y is continuous, they do.")

;;; ends-of-path-segment
(isa ends-of-path-segment cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa ends-of-path-segment asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds ends-of-path-segment cotemporal)
(genl-preds ends-of-path-segment physical-parts)
(genl-inverse ends-of-path-segment on-path)
(arg1-isa ends-of-path-segment path--simple)
(arg2-isa ends-of-path-segment thing)
(comment ends-of-path-segment "(ends-of-path-segment PATH LOC) means that LOC is one end of the path--simple segment PATH; LOC may be either a junction or a genuine terminal-end of the path segment.  This refers to the ends of any kind of simple path.")

;;; english
(isa english binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa english thing)
(arg2-isa english cyc-system-string)

;;; equals
(isa equals transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa equals reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa equals symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa equals default-monotonic-predicate)
(genl-inverse equals equals)
(arg1-isa equals thing)
(arg2-isa equals thing)
(comment equals "The predicate equals is the Cyc version of identity of predicate logic.  (equals A B) means A and B denote the same thing.")

;;; equiv
(isa equiv e-l-relation)
(isa equiv commutative-relation)
(arg1-isa equiv cyc-formula)
(arg2-isa equiv cyc-formula)
(comment equiv "The logical connective equiv represents bi-directional implication.
 equiv takes two arguments, each of which must be an element of 
 cyc-formula. (equiv FORMULA-1 FORMULA-2) means that formula FORMULA-1 
 is true precisely when formula FORMULA-2 is true; in other words, 
 FORMULA-1 is true if and only if FORMULA-2 is true.  An EL formula that
 mentions equiv is translated during canonicalization into an equivalent
 (though less compact) formula that mentions implies and does not mention
 equiv (see the expansion gaf for equiv).")

;;; ethnic-groups-here
(isa ethnic-groups-here binary-predicate)
(isa ethnic-groups-here intangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa ethnic-groups-here geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa ethnic-groups-here ethnic-group-type)
(comment ethnic-groups-here "The ethnic groups that inhabit a geographical region.")

;;; ethnicity
(isa ethnicity binary-predicate)
(genl-preds ethnicity isa)
(arg1-isa ethnicity person)
(arg2-isa ethnicity ethnic-group-type)
(arg2-genl ethnicity person)
(comment ethnicity "(ethnicity PERSON GROUPTYPE) means person PERSON belongs to the ethnic-group-type GROUPTYPE.   E.g., (ethnicity john-wilkes-booth census-group-of-caucasians).  One person may belong to more than one ethnic-group-type.")

;;; evaluate
(isa evaluate binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa evaluate cyc-e-l-variable)
(arg2-isa evaluate thing)
(comment evaluate "(evaluate VAR EXPRESSION) is satisfied by an HL module which evaluates EXPRESSION and binds VAR to the result.  For example, (evaluate ?SUM (plus-fn 1 2)) would bind ?SUM to 3.")

;;; event-honors
(isa event-honors irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa event-honors role)
(isa event-honors asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa event-honors social-occurrence)
(arg2-isa event-honors agent)
(comment event-honors "(event-honors OCCURRENCE AGENT) means that AGENT is honored or commemorated by OCCURRENCE.  If AGENT is a living person, AGENT is probably present at OCCURRENCE.  This is the appropriate predicate for relating a funeral to the deceased person for whom the funeral is in honor.")

;;; event-occurs-at
(isa event-occurs-at actor-slot)
(genl-preds event-occurs-at temporally-intersects)
(genl-preds event-occurs-at actors)
(genl-preds event-occurs-at in-region)
(arg1-isa event-occurs-at event)
(arg2-isa event-occurs-at partially-tangible)
(comment event-occurs-at "The predicate event-occurs-at relates a particular event to the instance of partially-tangible in which it occurs.  (event-occurs-at EVENT PT) means that the spatial extent of EVENT is within PT.  For example, (event-occurs-at loma-prieta-earthquake san-francisco-bay-area).")

;;; event-occurs-near
(isa event-occurs-near actor-slot)
(arg1-isa event-occurs-near event)
(arg2-isa event-occurs-near partially-tangible)
(comment event-occurs-near "The predicate event-occurs-near is used to give an approximate location for an event.  (event-occurs-near EVENT LOC) means that EVENT occurs at a place near LOC.  event-occurs-near is useful when the more exact event-occurs-at is unknown, hard to specify, or not worth reifying.  For example, event-occurs-near is useful for describing the location of events in scenarios such as `Bob was cycling by the dam', `We played checkers near the TV', and `He is standing by the horse's hind legs'.  See cyclist-notes for ideas on how to formalize this.")

;;; event-type-temporal-locality
(isa event-type-temporal-locality interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa event-type-temporal-locality script-type)
(arg1-genl event-type-temporal-locality event)
(arg2-isa event-type-temporal-locality time--quantity)
(comment event-type-temporal-locality "The time period over which the effects of this type of event may be felt. This could be infinite for certain events (such as killing a person), but for most events this is a much shorter period.  E.g., some of the effects of swimming are being wet, being tired, being out of breath, etc. but those effect generally only persist for a period of minutes after the swimming ends.")

;;; evokes
(isa evokes cotemporal-predicate)
(isa evokes ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa evokes individual)
(arg2-isa evokes feeling-attribute-type)
(arg2-genl evokes feeling-attribute)
(arg3-isa evokes generic-attribute)
(comment evokes "(evokes OBJ EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that as a consequence of perceiving OBJ, a typical sane intelligent perceiving agent would experience a feeling of EMOTYPE with degree of intensity DEGREE.  E.g., in some contexts, (evokes statue-of-liberty pride high).")

;;; except-for
(isa except-for logical-connective)
(isa except-for relationship)
(arg1-isa except-for reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa except-for assertion)
(comment except-for "(except-for TERM ASSERTION) means that TERM is a thing, about which ASSERTION is not known to hold.  

except-for is a special case of except-when (q.v.), applicable when ASSERTION has only one universally quantified variable.  (except-for TERM ASSERTION) prevents TERM from binding to that variable, thereby blocking the conclusions about TERM that Cyc might otherwise draw from ASSERTION.  In other words, if ASSERTION is an implication, then whatever proposition(s) -- call that Q -- that Cyc might have concluded about TERM from ASSERTION may or may not be true in Cyc, but (due to the exception) they would no longer be justified, even partially, by ASSERTION.

Note that the exception TERM  should be a particular binding for
the rule, not a collection, all of whose members the rule
does not apply to. Example: I have the rule 
(implies (isa ?X cyclist) (loves ?X richard-nixon)).
I could use except-for to state that this rule does not
apply to some particular cyclist, e.g., foxvog. But if
I wanted to make an exception to this rule for all 
male-persons, I would not use except-for, but except-when.")

;;; except-when
(isa except-when logical-connective)
(isa except-when relationship)
(arg1-isa except-when cyc-formula)
(arg2-isa except-when assertion)
(comment except-when "(except-when FORMULA ASSERTION) means that FORMULA gives a set of conditions under which ASSERTION is known not to hold (or, more precisely, conditions under which ASSERTION should not be relied upon as the justification for some other inferences).  The universally quantified variables in ASSERTION's formula may be used in FORMULA to refer to the same objects.  A common special case of except-when is handled by except-for (q.v.)")

;;; exchangers
(isa exchangers actor-slot)
(isa exchangers asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa exchangers irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds exchangers social-participants)
(genl-preds exchangers performed-by)
(genl-preds exchangers post-actors)
(genl-preds exchangers pre-actors)
(arg1-isa exchangers exchange-of-user-rights)
(arg2-isa exchangers agent)
(comment exchangers "The predicate exchangers is used to identify the (typically, two) agents involved in an instance of exchange-of-user-rights.   In such an event, each of the exchangers gives up possession of one thing and gains possession of another which was previously possessed by the other agent.  (exchangers EXCH AGENT) means that AGENT is one of the parties having such a dual role in the exchange-of-user-rights EXCH.  Every instance of exchange-of-user-rights has two sub-events which are instances of transferring-possession (e.g., a dollar bill goes in one direction and some french fries and a few coins go in the other direction.)  Each of the exchangers is both a to-possessor (in one of the two transferring-possession sub-events of EXCH) and a from-possessor (in the other sub-event).")

;;; exhibitors
(isa exhibitors irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa exhibitors asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa exhibitors actor-slot)
(genl-preds exhibitors social-participants)
(arg1-isa exhibitors social-gathering)
(arg2-isa exhibitors agent)
(comment exhibitors "(exhibitors GATHERING AGENT) means that AGENT actively presents information, markets a product, displays merchandise or artwork to the attendees of GATHERING.")

;;; expansion
(isa expansion binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa expansion relationship)
(arg2-isa expansion cyc-system-list)
(comment expansion "The complex functions/relations can be explained in terms of more primitive functions. This slot contains such a primitive expansion.")

;;; expansion-axiom
(isa expansion-axiom meta-knowledge-predicate)
(isa expansion-axiom binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa expansion-axiom rule-macro-predicate)
(arg2-isa expansion-axiom assertion)
(comment expansion-axiom "(expansion-axiom PRED ASSERT) means that the assertion ASSERT is part of the expansion of PRED.")

;;; expects
(isa expects propositional-attitude-slot)
(arg1-isa expects intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa expects cyc-formula)
(comment expects "(expects AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT believes the proposition PROP (represented by a cyc-formula) will be true sometime in the future.  A use of this predicate is to state rules such as: when someone confirms that they will be participating in a social event, the host(ess) expects that they will participate.")

;;; exports
(isa exports process-predicate)
(isa exports binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa exports geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa exports product-type)
(arg2-genl exports partially-tangible)
(comment exports "(exports REGION THING) means that the region REGION has substantial regular exports of the commodity THING.")

;;; external-parts
(isa external-parts physical-part-predicate)
(isa external-parts transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa external-parts anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa external-parts cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds external-parts physical-parts)
(genl-preds external-parts cotemporal)
(arg1-isa external-parts partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa external-parts partially-tangible)
(comment external-parts "(external-parts OBJ PART) means that OBJ has PART as one of its external physical-parts.")

;;; eye-color
(isa eye-color tangible-object-predicate)
(isa eye-color physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa eye-color animal)
(arg2-isa eye-color color)
(comment eye-color "(eye-color ANIMAL COLOR) means that the animal ANIMAL has eyes whose color is COLOR  (more precisely, this means that their irises appear to have that color, in sunlight).  E.g., (eye-color AmyIrving purple-color).")

;;; faces-direction
(isa faces-direction binary-predicate)
(isa faces-direction spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa faces-direction partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa faces-direction unit-vector-interval)
(comment faces-direction "(faces-direction OBJ DIR) means that the intrinsic forward axis of OBJ (i.e., the vector normal to its intrinsic front side) points in the direction DIR.  Note that an object only has an intrinsic forward axis if it has some intrinsic front side by virtue of its design or function.  For example, trains, cars, and bullets have intrinsic front faces by virtue of the direction in which they are intended to travel.  Other objects, such as refrigerators, bookshelves against walls, and televisions, have front faces by virtue of how people usually view the object.  Spheres, being symmetric, do not have an intrinsic forward axis.")

;;; faces-object
(isa faces-object ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa faces-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa faces-object intrinsic-axis-of-object)
(arg3-isa faces-object partially-tangible)
(comment faces-object "The Cyc predicate faces-object is used to represent the orientation of one object to another. (faces-object OBJ1 AXIS1 OBJ2) means that an intrinsic axis projected through OBJ1 (i.e., AXIS1) spatially intersects with the second object, OBJ2.  See also intrinsic-axis-of-object, axis-fn.")

;;; failure-for-agents
(isa failure-for-agents actor-slot)
(genl-preds failure-for-agents performed-by)
(arg1-isa failure-for-agents purposeful-action)
(arg2-isa failure-for-agents agent)
(comment failure-for-agents "The predicate failure-for-agents is used to indicate that a particular agent fails to achieve (at least one of) its goals in a particular action.  (failure-for-agents ENDEAVOR AGT) means that the agent AGT had some purpose in performing ENDEAVOR that was not realized.  See also purpose-in-event.")

;;; fan-out-arg
(isa fan-out-arg binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa fan-out-arg transitive-binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa fan-out-arg positive-integer)
(comment fan-out-arg "(fan-out-arg ?PRED ?N) means that transitively-related assertions using ?PRED usually ''fan out'' in the direction of argument position ?N.  For example, (fan-out-arg geographical-sub-regions 2).  This means there are more non-subsumed arg2s for a given arg1 to geographical-sub-regions than there would be non-subsumed arg1s for a given arg2.")

;;; fastened-to
(not 
  (isa fastened-to irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa fastened-to reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa fastened-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa fastened-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa fastened-to connection-predicate)
(isa fastened-to spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds fastened-to connected-to--rigidly)
(genl-inverse fastened-to fastened-to)
(arg1-isa fastened-to solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa fastened-to solid-tangible-thing)
(comment fastened-to "(fastened-to OBJ1 OBJ2) means that there is an assembly consisting of OBJ1, OBJ2, and one or more fasteners configured so that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are rigidly connected.  Many types of fastener are covered by fastened-to; e.g., screws, nails, rivets, nuts and bolts.  The fastener penetrates all the way through OBJ1 and may or may not go all the way through OBJ2.  Examples: a utility shelf screwed into the wall; paper notices stapled to a bulletin board; shingles nailed to the roof of a house.")

;;; father
(isa father cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa father anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa father asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa father family-relation-slot)
(isa father irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds father cotemporal)
(arg1-isa father animal)
(arg2-isa father male-animal)
(comment father "(father OFFSPRING MALE) means that male-animal MALE is the male biological parent of animal OFFSPRING.")
(comment father "(father CHILD FATHER) means FATHER is one of the persons who fulfill the role of father for CHILD.  This may or may not include CHILD's biological father, and might include CHILD's step father(s) or foster father(s).")

;;; fax-number-text
(isa fax-number-text binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa fax-number-text contact-location)
(arg2-isa fax-number-text phone-number)
(comment fax-number-text "The predicate fax-number-text relates a particular location to the fax number at that location.  (fax-number-text LOC NUM) means that NUM is a string denoting (one of) the fax number(s) of the contact-location LOC.")

;;; feels-emotion
(isa feels-emotion cotemporal-predicate)
(isa feels-emotion ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa feels-emotion intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa feels-emotion feeling-attribute-type)
(arg2-genl feels-emotion feeling-attribute)
(arg3-isa feels-emotion generic-attribute)
(comment feels-emotion "(feels-emotion AGT EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that the intelligent-agent AGT feels a feeling of the type EMOTYPE with the intensity DEGREE.  For example, (feels-emotion lenat pride high).  As you might imagine, such statements are generally embedded in a context, or within some other statement (such as holds-in some small time interval).  See also feels-towards-event, feels-towards-object.
Note: the first argument can be a non-human intelligent agent, such as a dog or a company, because we often ascribe feelings and emotions to them, and they often behave consistently with having such feelings and emotions.")
(overlapping-external-concept feels-emotion s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REACTION")

;;; feels-response-on-body-region
(isa feels-response-on-body-region quaternary-predicate)
(isa feels-response-on-body-region functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa feels-response-on-body-region perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa feels-response-on-body-region existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl feels-response-on-body-region animal-body-region)
(arg3-isa feels-response-on-body-region sensory-reaction-type)
(arg4-isa feels-response-on-body-region generic-attribute)
(comment feels-response-on-body-region "The Cyc predicate feels-response-on-body-region is used to represent localized somatic feelings of a perceptive being. (feels-response-on-body-region AGT BODYPARTTYPE SENS DEGREE) means that the perceptual-agent AGT feels on its body, in the area specified by BODYPARTTYPE, the sensory reaction SENS with an intensity of DEGREE.  For example, Cyc's knowledge base contains an assertion that the very same part of one's body doesn't feel both hot and cold at the same time.  feels-response-on-body-region can also be used to state symptoms, e.g., when you're feverish, your head feels hot.  See also sensory-reaction-type.")

;;; feels-sensation
(isa feels-sensation ternary-predicate)
(isa feels-sensation functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa feels-sensation biological-living-object)
(arg2-isa feels-sensation sensory-reaction-type)
(arg2-genl feels-sensation sensory-attribute)
(arg3-isa feels-sensation generic-attribute)
(comment feels-sensation "(feels-sensation BLO SENSTYPE DEGREE) means that the biological-living-object BLO feels a sensation of type SENSTYPE with the intensity DEGREE.  feels-sensation may be used to describe an organism's feeling during a particular time period or activity (see holds-in); for example, we might say of a particular person who is doing yoga: (holds-in `TodaysYoga' (feels-sensation Prakriti level-of-relaxation-feeling very-high).  Note that the first argument of feels-sensation could also be filled by a part of an organism, e.g., `John F. Kennedy's head'; however, by using the more specialized predicate feels-response-on-body-region (q.v.), we can express localized feelings without reifying each such region.")

;;; feels-towards-event
(isa feels-towards-event quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa feels-towards-event person)
(arg1-isa feels-towards-event intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa feels-towards-event event)
(arg3-isa feels-towards-event feeling-attribute-type)
(arg3-genl feels-towards-event feeling-attribute)
(arg4-isa feels-towards-event generic-attribute)
(comment feels-towards-event "(feels-towards-event AGT EVT EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that the intelligent-agent AGT feels a feeling of the feeling-attribute-type EMOTYPE towards the event EVT, with intensity DEGREE.
Note: the first argument can be a non-human intelligent agent, such as a dog or a company, because we often ascribe feelings and emotions to them, and they often behave consistently with having such feelings and emotions. ")

;;; feels-towards-object
(isa feels-towards-object quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa feels-towards-object person)
(arg1-isa feels-towards-object intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa feels-towards-object individual)
(arg3-isa feels-towards-object feeling-attribute-type)
(arg3-genl feels-towards-object feeling-attribute)
(arg4-isa feels-towards-object generic-attribute)
(comment feels-towards-object "(feels-towards-object AGT OBJ EMOTYPE DEGREE) means that the intelligent-agent AGT feels a feeling of the feeling-attribute-type EMOTYPE towards the individual OBJ, with intensity DEGREE.
Note: the first argument can be a non-human intelligent agent, such as a dog or a company, because we often ascribe feelings and emotions to them, and they often behave consistently with having such feelings and emotions.")

;;; female-parent-actor
(isa female-parent-actor irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa female-parent-actor anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa female-parent-actor asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa female-parent-actor actor-slot)
(isa female-parent-actor functional-slot)
(genl-preds female-parent-actor parent-actors)
(arg1-isa female-parent-actor biological-reproduction-event)
(arg2-isa female-parent-actor biological-living-object)
(comment female-parent-actor "(female-parent-actor ?EVENT ?ORGANISM) means that ?ORGANISM is the female parent in the sexual-reproduction-event ?EVENT.")

;;; fields-of-activity
(isa fields-of-activity binary-predicate)
(genl-preds fields-of-activity fields-of-competence)
(arg1-isa fields-of-activity person)
(arg2-isa fields-of-activity field-of-study)
(comment fields-of-activity "(fields-of-activity X FLD) means the person X was or is active in the field-of-study FLD, and usually is making, has made, or intends to make some contribution to FLD.  E.g., (fields-of-activity thales milesian-school) and, to take a more recent example, (fields-of-activity lenat artificial-intelligence).")

;;; fields-of-competence
(isa fields-of-competence binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa fields-of-competence person)
(arg2-isa fields-of-competence field-of-study)
(comment fields-of-competence "(fields-of-competence Z FLD) means the person Z has actual competence and knowledgeability in the field-of-study FLD, or else at least is recognized by peers and colleagues in the same field as being competent in that field.  E.g., (fields-of-competence nichols philosophy-ancient)")

;;; fields-of-formal-education
(isa fields-of-formal-education binary-predicate)
(genl-preds fields-of-formal-education fields-of-competence)
(arg1-isa fields-of-formal-education person)
(arg2-isa fields-of-formal-education field-of-study)
(comment fields-of-formal-education "(fields-of-formal-education Z FLD) means that person Z has had formal academic or tutorial education in the field-of-study FLD.  E.g., (fields-of-formal-education colvin linguistics).  This is a good example of a predicate whose precise meaning, and associated heuristic rules, vary quite a bit from context to context, such as from culture to culture, from century to century, etc.")

;;; first-name
(isa first-name binary-predicate)
(isa first-name intangible-object-predicate)
(genl-preds first-name name-of-agent)
(arg1-isa first-name person)
(arg2-isa first-name human-given-name-string)
(comment first-name "(first-name X STRNG) means that person X is known by the human-given-name-string STRNG as his or her first name.  E.g., (first-name lenat ``Douglas'').  A person rarely has more than one first name, though they may have many nicknames which acquaintences use almost interchangably with the person's first and/or last names.")

;;; first-sub-events
(isa first-sub-events transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa first-sub-events sub-process-slot)
(genl-preds first-sub-events temporally-started-by)
(genl-preds first-sub-events sub-events)
(arg1-isa first-sub-events event)
(arg2-isa first-sub-events event)
(comment first-sub-events "(first-sub-events ?X ?Y) implies (sub-events ?X ?Y) and (temporally-started-by ?X ?Y).  For example, if one is relieving-pain by taking a pill, then the first-sub-events in that event is an ingesting event.  See also last-sub-events.")

;;; fiscally-capable-of
(isa fiscally-capable-of ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa fiscally-capable-of intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa fiscally-capable-of collection)
(arg2-genl fiscally-capable-of situation)
(arg3-isa fiscally-capable-of role)
(comment fiscally-capable-of "The predicate fiscally-capable-of indicates that an agent has the economic prerequisites needed for taking a certain role in a certain type of situation or event.  (fiscally-capable-of AGT SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that a particular agent AGT has the financial resources for acting in this ROLE in normal instances of SIT-TYPE.  For example, we could say that Mary is fiscally-capable-of being the buyer in a buying of a Humvee (i.e., (buying-fn Humvee)).  However, fiscally-capable-of is noncommittal as to whether Mary does or will in fact buy a Humvee.")

;;; fits-in
(isa fits-in binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa fits-in partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa fits-in abstract-shape)
(comment fits-in "The predicate fits-in is used to give an approximation of the external size and shape of particular tangible objects, by relating an object to an abstract region of space described as a geometric shape with definite dimensions.  (fits-in OBJ SHAPE) gives an upper bound for the size of the object OBJ, by stating what sized shape OBJ will fit inside.  fits-in uses the elements of shape-function (q.v.) for reference, especially the basic shapes generated by rectangular-solid-fn, cylinder-fn, and sphere-fn.  (Note: actual instances of AbstractPhysicalShape are NOT used for assertions made with fits-in.)  Examples: (fits-in pittman (rectangular-solid-fn (meter 2) (meter 0.35) (meter 0.25))) and (fits-in HopeDiamond (cylinder-fn (centimeter 10) (centimeter 10))).  When fits-in is used in a rule to represent a class of objects with variable sizes, the shape-function used should refer to the largest size that such objects normally have.  For example, by default, any sandwich SW (fits-in SW (rectangular-solid-fn (inch 12) (inch 12) (inch 6))).")

;;; flammability-of-object
(isa flammability-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa flammability-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa flammability-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa flammability-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa flammability-of-object flammability)
(comment flammability-of-object "(flammability-of-object SUBST DEGREE) means that the tangible SUBST has this DEGREE of flammability.  A higher value of DEGREE describes objects that catch fire and burn more quickly and easily than those with a lower value.")

;;; fluid-pressure
(isa fluid-pressure interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa fluid-pressure tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa fluid-pressure fluid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa fluid-pressure pressure)
(comment fluid-pressure "(fluid-pressure FLUID PRESS) means that the fluid-tangible-thing FLUID exerts the pressure PRESS at its surface.")

;;; following-interval-type
(isa following-interval-type temporal-relation)
(not 
  (isa following-interval-type transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa following-interval-type symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa following-interval-type anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa following-interval-type asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa following-interval-type reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa following-interval-type irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(arg1-isa following-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(arg2-isa following-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(comment following-interval-type "(following-interval-type ?X ?Y) indicates that every instance of ?X is followed by some instance of ?Y, and every instance of ?Y is preceded by some instance of ?X.  The instance of ?Y is contiguous-after the instance of ?X.  For example,  (following-interval-type saturday sunday).  Every Saturday is followed by a Sunday, and every Sunday is preceded by a Saturday; the Sunday is contiguous-after the Saturday.")

;;; following-value
(isa following-value irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa following-value extensional-representation-predicate)
(isa following-value asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa following-value transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse following-value greater-than)
(arg1-isa following-value scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa following-value scalar-interval)
(args-isa following-value scalar-interval)
(comment following-value "The Cyc predicate following-value is used to represent an ordering of generic attributes.  (following-value VAL1 VAL2) means that VAL2 is a greater value than VAL1 on a scale that they share.  (following-value VAL1 VAL2) implies (greater-than VAL2 VAL1).  Typically, one uses following-value when the values VAL1 and VAL2 are elements of generic-attribute, and they are not grounded in numerically quantifiable units of measure (see note-about-giving-generic-value-functions-numeric-values).  If VAL1 and VAL2 do have numerical grounding, a following-value formula is unnecessary since numerically-equal, greater-than-or-equal-to, and greater-than, are automatically computable using arithmetic relations holding between the minimum and maximum of val1 and val2.  (See min-quant-value, max-quant-value.)  For example, one must use following-value to state that (high-amount-fn glamor) is more glamorous than (low-amount-fn glamor).  On the other hand, it is unnecessary to assert a following-value relation between (miles-per-hour 5) and (miles-per-hour 25 60) since greater-than is arithmetically determinable.  See also generic-attribute, generic-value-function.")

;;; food-source-for
(isa food-source-for binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa food-source-for organism--whole)
(arg2-isa food-source-for temporal-stuff-type)
(arg2-genl food-source-for partially-tangible)
(comment food-source-for "The predicate food-source-for is used to relate a particular organism to the kinds of things it usually eats.  (food-source-for ORG OBJTYPE) means ORG is an organism that typically eats some instances of OBJTYPE for food.  Note that OBJTYPE refers to a type of food source, not a particular object that ORG eats.  For example, (food-source-for bill-j popcorn) means that popcorn is a food-source-for Bill, i.e., Bill often eats (instances of) popcorn.")

;;; for-all
(isa for-all quantifier)
(isa for-all relationship)
(arg1-isa for-all cyc-e-l-variable)
(arg2-isa for-all cyc-formula)
(comment for-all "The predicate for-all is Cyc's version of the universal quantifier of predicate calculus (i.e., the operator symbolized in one common notation by an upside-down `A').  As its two arguments, for-all takes a variable (which is an element of cyc-e-l-variable) and an element of cyc-formula, respectively.  (for-all VAR FORM) means that FORM is true whenever all the occurrences of the variable VAR in the formula FORM are replaced by any object in the Cyc universe.  For example, to say that every person is a mammal, we could assert: (for-all ?X (implies (isa ?X person) (isa ?X mammal))).  In addition, CycL follows a convention that allows for-all to be omitted; that is, when no explicit quantifier is used, seemingly unbound variables inside formulas are assumed to be universally quantified.  With that convention, the sample assertion could be written more compactly as: (implies (isa ?X person) (isa ?X mammal)).



[Developer-level footnote:  There are many `flavors' of quantification `on the market' these days; here is how the Cyc system currently handles axioms that involve for-all:



When processing an FI-ASK about whether an assertion of the form (for-all VAR FORM) is true or not, Cyc determines extensionally whether or not any known VAR (anything in the knowledge base) could make FORM false.



When processing an FI-PROVE about whether an assertion of the form (for-all VAR FORM) is true or not, Cyc tries to construct an intensional proof (at least at a default-true level) that FORM must be true regardless of what VAR is ever inserted therein.



When processing an FI-ASSERT in which a user or program tells Cyc that an assertion of the form (for-all VAR FORM) is true, Cyc records it intensionally so that it can later serve as part of an intensional proof, when some future FI-PROVE request is processed.]")

;;; force-acting-on-object
(isa force-acting-on-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa force-acting-on-object tangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa force-acting-on-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa force-acting-on-object vector-interval)
(arg2-isa force-acting-on-object physical-attribute)
(comment force-acting-on-object "force-acting-on-object is a predicate relating an instance of partially-tangible to any force which changes its direction of travel or the speed at which it is traveling.")

;;; force-capacity
(isa force-capacity interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa force-capacity biological-living-object)
(arg2-isa force-capacity strength)
(comment force-capacity "The slot describing the capability of an animal to exert force.")

;;; formed-by-confluence-of
(isa formed-by-confluence-of anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa formed-by-confluence-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa formed-by-confluence-of river)
(arg2-isa formed-by-confluence-of river)
(comment formed-by-confluence-of "(formedByConfluenceOf WATER1 WATER2) means that WATER1 is formed, or increased in volume, by the confuence of the rivers including RIVER2 which merge to form RIVER1.")

;;; forms-border-between
(isa forms-border-between spatial-predicate)
(isa forms-border-between ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa forms-border-between spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa forms-border-between spatial-thing)
(arg3-isa forms-border-between spatial-thing)
(comment forms-border-between "(forms-border-between BORDER REG1 REG2) means that BORDER comprises at least part of the border between REG1 and REG2.  BORDER may be a surface separating two regions of space, or a curve separating two regions of a surface.  The arguments REG1 and REG2 may be physical objects, geographical regions, or abstract entities.  Note that BORDER need not comprise the entire border between REG1 and REG2.  By contrast, border-between-fn returns the entire border between the regions that serve as arguments.")

;;; four-way-junction-in-system
(isa four-way-junction-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds four-way-junction-in-system junction-in-system)
(comment four-way-junction-in-system "(four-way-junction-in-system JUNCT SYS) means that JUNCT is a 4-way junction in the specified path-system SYS.  (See also four-way-junction-of-paths for the general case.)  Formally, a 4-way junction in SYS is any point (actually, a node) X in SYS such that either there are exactly 4 links and no loops in SYS that X is on, or there are exactly 2 loops and no links in SYS that X is on, or there are exactly 2 links and 1 loop in SYS that X is on.  See junction-in-system.")

;;; fragility-of-object
(isa fragility-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa fragility-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa fragility-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa fragility-of-object fragility)
(comment fragility-of-object "(fragility-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of fragility.  The higher the fragility, the more easily the object can be broken.")

;;; freezing-point
(isa freezing-point interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa freezing-point tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa freezing-point partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa freezing-point temperature)
(comment freezing-point "(freezing-point STUFF TEMP) means that TEMP is the temperature at which the substance STUFF changes from having the attribute liquid-state-of-matter to solid-state-of-matter (when sufficient energy is output to lower STUFF's temperature through this point).  Note that the freezing point of most substances is context-dependent (e.g., based on altitude and other factors.)")

;;; frequency-of-action-type
(isa frequency-of-action-type quaternary-predicate)
(isa frequency-of-action-type functional-predicate)
(isa frequency-of-action-type type-predicate)
(arg1-isa frequency-of-action-type collection)
(arg1-genl frequency-of-action-type situation)
(arg2-isa frequency-of-action-type collection)
(arg3-isa frequency-of-action-type actor-slot)
(arg4-isa frequency-of-action-type frequency)
(comment frequency-of-action-type "(frequency-of-action-type ?X ?Y ?R ?F) indicates that instances of ?Y play the role ?R in a number of instances of ?X, and they occur with the frequency ?F.  One axiom in Cyc that uses this predicate expresses the rule of thumb that each military typically wages war about once a generation: (frequency-of-action-type  waging-war military-organization performed-by once-a-generation).  Another use of it is to express the fact that animals are virtually always breathing:  (frequency-of-action-type breathing vertebrate bodily-doer continuously).  Even more interesting examples of this predicate express the the rules of thumb that in a modern Western personal... context a person engages in a toothbrushing event about once a day, while as the recipient of professional service that happens 0.5 - 4 times per year, while as the provider of such a service that happens 4 - 20 times per day.  Those three axioms would be written -- in the appropriate contexts of course -- (frequency-of-action-type teeth-cleaning person performed-by (times-per-day 1)) and (frequency-of-action-type teeth-cleaning person recipient-of-service (times-per-year 0.5 4)) and (frequency-of-action-type teeth-cleaning person provider-of-service (times-per-day 4 20)).   Two additional notes are in order about this predicate:
Note that ?X must be a set of situations [there is an argument constraint on this predicate that enforces this, namely (arg1-genl frequency-of-action-type situation)],.
Note that this predicate is functional in its fourth argument position.  That is, given a legal set of values for ?X, ?Y, and ?R, there is one and only one meaningful value for the frequency ?F [this is specified by the Cyc axiom (functional-in-the-nth-arg frequency-of-action-type 4)].")

;;; frequency-of-signal
(isa frequency-of-signal binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa frequency-of-signal wave-propagation)
(arg2-isa frequency-of-signal frequency)
(comment frequency-of-signal "(frequency-of-signal WAVE FREQ) means that the wave-propagation event WAVE consists of waves that occur at intervals of FREQ.  FREQ is a measure of frequency generally expressed as cycles per unit of time; frequency of electromagnetic radiation is standardly measured in hertz.")

;;; friends
(isa friends cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa friends inter-personal-relation-slot)
(isa friends symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa friends irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa friends transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds friends likes-as-friend)
(genl-preds friends cotemporal)
(genl-inverse friends friends)
(arg1-isa friends animal)
(arg2-isa friends animal)
(comment friends "(friends X Y) means X and Y are friends; typically they have a close relationship of reciprocal care, concern, respect, enjoyment, and mutual regard based on emotional (and/or ideological and intellectual) compatibility, shared interests, etc.
Note:  In the cases of assertions of two non-human animals being friends, there may be some anthropomorphism going on.")

;;; from-location
(isa from-location actor-slot)
(isa from-location asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa from-location irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds from-location 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE-DESTINATION"))
(genl-preds from-location pre-actors)
(arg1-isa from-location translocation)
(arg2-isa from-location partially-tangible)
(comment from-location "The predicate from-location is used to indicate the starting point of a particular movement.  (from-location MOVE LOC) means that LOC is where the object-moving in the movement--translation-event MOVE is found at the beginning of MOVE and is where it begins this motion.  The object-moving may or may not be stationary at LOC.  If MOVE is a single-pathway translation (see translation--single-path), then every object-moving is found at LOC when MOVE starts.  If MOVE has multiple movers and multiple pathways (see translation--multi-path), then at least some of the object-moving(s) can be found at LOC at the start of MOVE.  If MOVE is a flow (including rivers flowing, winds blowing, tornado, typhoon, clouds moving and even air filling your lungs when you take breath, see translation--flow), then at least some portion of the fluid object-moving can be found at LOC at the start of MOVE.  See also pathway--complete, path-connects.")
(synonymous-external-concept from-location s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE")

;;; from-orientation
(isa from-orientation role)
(isa from-orientation binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa from-orientation movement--rotation)
(arg2-isa from-orientation orientation-attribute)
(comment from-orientation "This predicate indicates, for the particular rotational motion ROT, the orientation that the object-moving in that event has at the beginning of that motion.  (from-orientation ROT ORIENT) means that when ROT begins, the object that moves in ROT has the position ORIENT, with respect to the current frame of reference.  For example, the object may have a horizontal-orientation, vertical-orientation, right-side-up orientation, etc.  See also to-orientation, orientation-attribute.")

;;; from-possessor
(isa from-possessor actor-slot)
(isa from-possessor asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa from-possessor irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds from-possessor pre-actors)
(arg1-isa from-possessor losing-user-rights)
(arg2-isa from-possessor agent)
(comment from-possessor "This predicate identifies an agent who loses some right to use an object.  (from-possessor LOSS AGENT) means that AGENT enjoys some user-rights-attribute over the object-of-possession-transfer at the start of the losing-user-rights event LOSS, but no longer has that particular user-rights-attribute after the LOSS ends.")

;;; from-state
(isa from-state binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa from-state changing-device-state)
(arg2-isa from-state device-state)
(comment from-state "This predicate is used in connection with changing-device-state, to identify the device-state that a device is in before the change.  (from-state EVENT DEVICE-STATE) means that immediately prior to EVENT (which is the device state-changing action), the device that is changed in EVENT has the state DEVICE-STATE (and during the EVENT the device changes from that to another state).  For example, prior to any X which is a turning-on-an-electrical-switch, the switch involved has (from-state X device-off).")

;;; gen-format
(isa gen-format ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa gen-format relationship)
(arg2-isa gen-format cyc-system-string)
(arg3-isa gen-format cyc-system-list)

;;; gen-mass-noun
(isa gen-mass-noun unary-predicate)
(arg1-isa gen-mass-noun reifiable-term)
(comment gen-mass-noun "This predicate is a flag to indicate when a given constant should be treated as a mass noun in English paraphrases.  See also pretty-name.")

;;; genl-attributes
(not 
  (isa genl-attributes asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-attributes anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-attributes symmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa genl-attributes rule-macro-predicate)
(isa genl-attributes intangible-object-predicate)
(isa genl-attributes transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa genl-attributes reflexive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa genl-attributes attribute-value)
(arg2-isa genl-attributes attribute-value)
(comment genl-attributes "(genl-attributes S-ATT G-ATT) means that G-ATT is a more general attribute than S-ATT.  If we know, for some object, THING, (has-attributes THING S-ATT), the system will be able to derive (has-attributes THING G-ATT).  genl-attributes is transitive, so (genl-attributes A B) and (genl-attributes B C) lets the system derive (genl-attributes A C).  For example, if a certain portion of the atmosphere has the attribute hazy, Cyc can conclude through its genl-attributes knowledge that there is only moderate visibility there.")

;;; genl-inverse
(not 
  (isa genl-inverse irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-inverse reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-inverse asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-inverse anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-inverse symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genl-inverse transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa genl-inverse rule-macro-predicate)
(isa genl-inverse binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa genl-inverse binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa genl-inverse binary-predicate)
(comment genl-inverse "(genl-inverse NARROW BROAD) means that binary predicate BROAD is a more general version of binary predicate NARROW, but with the arguments reversed. Thus  (NARROW ARG1 ARG2) implies (BROAD ARG2 ARG1).   



Note:  Notice that if two predicates are true inverses of each other, such as the pair parents and children, or the pair greater-than and less-than, then each member of the pair will be a genl-inverse of the other.  Creating two predicates like that is considered poor KEing style, however, because in that case the second predicate in the pair adds no new `expressive power' over what the first already provides.  One might decide to write an end-user interface which acts as though both predicates exist, so that the user doesn't have to remember which is `the real one' in the system, but there is no gain at the representation language level to having both predicates.")

;;; genl-mt
(isa genl-mt transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa genl-mt reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa genl-mt anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa genl-mt default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa genl-mt microtheory-predicate)
(isa genl-mt rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa genl-mt microtheory)
(arg2-isa genl-mt microtheory)
(comment genl-mt "(genl-mt SMT GMT) means microtheory SMT is a specialization of microtheory GMT.   E.g., (genl-mt modern-military-mt organization-mt), which means that all the assertions which are true `content' in the general organization-mt context are also true in the more specialized modern-military-mt context.  Another way to think of this is that SMT `has access to' the content of GMT.   Each proposition which is true in GMT is also true in SMT.  The genl-mt relation is transitive; it induces a partial ordering on the set of all microtheories.   

Each assertion in the knowledge base must be explicitly stated to be true in at least one mt.  It will then (by inference) also be true in all the more specialized contexts.  If something is true in the `life in North America' mt, then it should by default be true in the `life in Canada' mt.  I.e., the microtheories are organized into a generalization/specialization lattice by the predicate genl-mt, just as collections are organized into such a lattice by genls, and just as predicates are organized into such a lattice by genl-preds.  Just as a collection may have several incommensurable supersets, so too a microtheory may have several incommensurable genl-mts.  Just as each and every collection must have some explicitly recorded superset (except for thing), each and every mt must have some (expicitly recorded) more general mt (except for the base-k-b, which is the most general context, containing universal, timeless truths).  Just as a Cyc concept may have multiple incommensurable sets of which it is an element (via isa), so too a Cyc assertion may be declared to be true in a set of incommensurable mts.  For virtually all intents and purposes, genl-mt assertions should go in base-k-b.")

;;; genl-preds
(isa genl-preds rule-macro-predicate)
(isa genl-preds transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa genl-preds reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa genl-preds anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa genl-preds predicate)
(arg2-isa genl-preds predicate)
(comment genl-preds "(genl-preds NARROW BROAD) means that predicate BROAD is a more general version of predicate NARROW; e.g., (genl-preds biological-mother biological-parents), (genl-preds greater-than greater-than-or-equal-to).   (genl-preds NARROW BROAD) is shorthand for the axiom schema (NARROW ARG1 ... ARGN) => (BROAD ARG1 ... ARGN).  See also genl-inverse, which can handle cases where NARROW and BROAD are both binary but their order of arguments is reversed.  If the arity of NARROW differs from the arity of BROAD (or their order of arguments differs and they're not binary), then we just assert the whole appropriate axiom into the Cyc knowledge base; of course, such axioms are absent from the public release of the Upper Cyc Ontology.")

;;; genls
(not 
  (isa genls asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genls anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa genls symmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa genls rule-macro-predicate)
(isa genls taxonomic-slot-for-collections)
(isa genls default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa genls reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa genls transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds genls subset-of)
(arg1-isa genls collection)
(arg2-isa genls collection)
(comment genls "(genls COL SUPER) means that SUPER is one of the supersets of COL.  Both arguments must be elements of collection.  Cyc knows that genls is transitive; that is, if one asserts (genls COL SUPER) and (genls SUPER BIGGER), Cyc will infer that (genls COL BIGGER). Therefore, in practice one only manually asserts a small fraction of the genls assertions --- the vast majority are inferred automatically by Cyc.")

;;; geographical-sub-regions
(isa geographical-sub-regions transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa geographical-sub-regions spatial-predicate)
(isa geographical-sub-regions reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds geographical-sub-regions surface-parts)
(genl-inverse geographical-sub-regions in-region)
(arg1-isa geographical-sub-regions geographical-region)
(arg2-isa geographical-sub-regions geographical-region)
(comment geographical-sub-regions "(geographical-sub-regions SUPER SUB) means that SUPER and SUB are both elements of geographical-region, and the area SUB lies wholly within the region SUPER (see in-region).  SUPER may or may not completely surround SUB (i.e., they may share an outer boundary, as do Texas and the USA).  See also surrounds-horizontally, borders-on.")

;;; gerund
(isa gerund intangible-object-predicate)
(isa gerund binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa gerund english-word)
(arg2-isa gerund character-string)
(comment gerund "(gerund WORD STRING) means that STRING is the gerund form of WORD.  Also known as present participle or progressive. The regular gerund is formed from the infinitive verb form with an `ing' suffix. Verbs in the Cyc lexicon will have a gerund entry only if they are irregular. Regular forms are generated by the morphology component. Regular example: `singing'. Irregular example: `swimming'.")

;;; goals
(isa goals propositional-attitude-slot)
(genl-preds goals desires)
(arg1-isa goals agent)
(arg2-isa goals goal)
(comment goals "(goals AGT G) means that the agent AGT has the goal G.  That is, G is one of their goals.  This implies (desires AGT G), but goals is stronger than desires, in that an agent will take action (or at least intend to take action, and plan accordingly) to make their goals true, while their desires may include things s/he merely wishes were true, but about which s/he has no intention of undertaking action.  Additionally, goals are generally about the future, whereas desires can be about the present, future, or even the past.  For further information about goals, see goal.  Also see intends.")

;;; governed-by-agreement
(isa governed-by-agreement actor-slot)
(genl-preds governed-by-agreement pre-actors)
(arg1-isa governed-by-agreement social-occurrence)
(arg2-isa governed-by-agreement agreement)
(comment governed-by-agreement "The predicate governed-by-agreement relates an event to an agreement which stipulates that certain conditions are to hold during that event.  (governed-by-agreement EVT AGR) means that some aspects of the social-occurrence EVT are controlled by the agreement AGR.  For example, a buying-group may have sales-contracts with its suppliers that specify what prices may be charged for goods bought by members of the group during the agreement period.")

;;; government
(isa government binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa government geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa government regional-government)
(comment government "The predicate government identifies the political entity which has governing authority over a particular geopolitical region.  (government GEOPOL GOV) means that the regional-government GOV is the government of the geopolitical-entity GEOPOL.  That is, GOV claims to be the government of GEOPOL, is recognized as such at least informally, and effectively functions as such -- administering the internal and external affairs of GEOPOL --  whether or not GOV has formal diplomatic recognition.  Effectively functioning as a government includes having the power to settle disputes, collect revenue, and provide services.  Examples include the united-states-federal-government, the city-council-of-austin (TX), and all of the entities returned by the Cyc function government-fn (q.v.) -- e.g., (government-fn taiwan--republic-of-china), (government-fn russia).")

;;; government-type
(isa government-type intangible-object-predicate)
(isa government-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa government-type geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa government-type system-of-government)
(comment government-type "The predicate government-type indicates what kind of system of government a geopolitical entity has.  (government-type REGION GOVSYSTEM) means that the government of the geopolitical-entity REGION is an element of the system-of-government type denoted by GOVSYSTEM.  For example, the government-type of the united-states-of-america is a federal-republic and a representative-democracy.")

;;; grandchildren
(isa grandchildren asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa grandchildren transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds grandchildren relatives)
(genl-preds grandchildren positive-vested-interest)
(arg1-isa grandchildren animal)
(arg2-isa grandchildren animal)
(comment grandchildren "(grandchildren PERSON1 PERSON2) means PERSON2 is the grandchild of PERSON1, howsoever the relationship is traced, biologically or through custom, rearing or adoption.")
(comment grandchildren "(grandchildren OLDER YOUNGER) means YOUNGER is the biological grandchild of OLDER.")
(comment grandchildren "(grandchildren OLDER YOUNGER) means YOUNGER is the grandchild of OLDER.")

;;; granule-of-stuff
(isa granule-of-stuff binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa granule-of-stuff existing-stuff-type)
(arg2-isa granule-of-stuff existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl granule-of-stuff partially-tangible)
(comment granule-of-stuff "(granule-of-stuff STUFFTYPE OBJTYPE) means 
that the collection STUFFTYPE has as its spatial granules (or granularity level) the 
collection OBJTYPE. If some collection is spatially stuff-like, that means that 
the instances of that collection can be divided spatially, and the physical portions 
remaining will still be instances of that collection; e.g., a physcial portion of 
some instance of sand-mob is still sand (cf. existing-stuff-type). Such division cannot 
go on indefinitely in this way,
however: eventually, division of something spatially stuff-like will result in the 
object-like 'granules' out of which the stuff-like thing is composed. For instances, 
division of sand would eventually result in individual grains of sand, division of 
water would eventually get down to individual molecules of water, etc. At this level 
of division or below, the remaining physical portions do NOT count as instances of 
the stuff-type from which they were divided. This may seem counter-intuitive: isn't 
an individual molecule of water still water? Perhaps in some sense, but since the 
individual granules of a stuff typically do NOT have most of the properties that 
the groups made of the granules have (including the property of being stuff-like), 
we do not count the individual granules as instances of the collection of which 
they are granules.")

;;; granule-of-time
(isa granule-of-time binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa granule-of-time temporal-stuff-type)
(arg2-isa granule-of-time temporal-object-type)
(comment granule-of-time "(granule-of-time STUFFTYPE OBJTYPE) means 
that the collection STUFFTYPE has as its temporal granules (or granularity level) the 
collection OBJTYPE. If some collection is temporally stuff-like, that means that 
the instances of that collection can be divided temporally, and the temporal slices 
remaining will still be instances of that collection; e.g., a time slice of 
some instance of person is still a person, and a temporal slice of a walking process
is still a walking process (cf. temporal-stuff-type). Such division cannot 
always go on indefinitely, however: eventually, division of something temporally 
stuff-like will result in the 
temporally object-like 'granules' out of which the stuff-like thing is composed. 
For instances, 
division of a walking process would eventually result in individual steps. At this level 
of division or below, the remaining temporal slices do NOT count as instances of 
the temporal stuff-type from which they were divided. This may seem counter-intuitive,
but since the 
individual temporal granules of a temporal stuff typically do NOT have most of the 
properties that the groups made of the granules have (including the property of being 
temporally stuff-like),  we do not count the individual granules as instances of the 
collection of which they are granules. See also granule-of-stuff.")

;;; greater-than
(isa greater-than numeric-comparison)
(isa greater-than evaluatable-function)
(isa greater-than transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa greater-than asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa greater-than scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa greater-than scalar-interval)
(comment greater-than "The predicate greater-than is Cyc's representation of the `greater than' ( > ) relation in mathematics, adapted to use with Cyc's scalars, which include quantitative intervals as well as point values.  Formally, there are two conditions under which (greater-than SI-1 SI-2) is true, for two elements of scalar-interval: (1) (following-value SI-1 SI-2) is true, or (2) the minimum of SI-1 is greater than the maximum of SI-2.  Note that `A is less than B' is expressed in CycL as (greater-than B A).")
(overlapping-external-concept greater-than s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GREATER-THAN")
(synonymous-external-concept greater-than s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GREATER-THAN-COMPARISON")

;;; greater-than-or-equal-to
(isa greater-than-or-equal-to numeric-comparison)
(isa greater-than-or-equal-to evaluatable-function)
(isa greater-than-or-equal-to anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa greater-than-or-equal-to reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa greater-than-or-equal-to transitive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa greater-than-or-equal-to scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa greater-than-or-equal-to scalar-interval)
(comment greater-than-or-equal-to "The predicate greater-than-or-equal-to is Cyc's representation of the `greater than or equal to' ( >= ) relation in mathematics, adapted to use with Cyc's scalars, which include quantitative intervals as well as point values.  (See scalar-interval.) Formally, there are three conditions under which (greater-than-or-equal-to SI-1 SI-2) is true, for two elements of scalar-interval: (1) (equals SI-1 SI-2) is true; (2) (following-value SI-1 SI-2) is true; or (3) the minimum of SI-1 is greater than or equal to the maximum of SI-2.  Note that `A is less than or equal to B' is expressed in CycL as (greater-than-or-equal-to B A).")
(overlapping-external-concept greater-than-or-equal-to s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AT-LEAST")

;;; ground-of
(isa ground-of binary-predicate)
(isa ground-of spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa ground-of partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa ground-of surface--physical)
(comment ground-of "(ground-of OBJ GROUND) means that GROUND is the stationary surface on which OBJ is located and possibly supported.")

;;; group-cardinality
(isa group-cardinality interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa group-cardinality group)
(arg2-isa group-cardinality non-negative-integer)
(comment group-cardinality "The predicate group-cardinality is used to indicate the total number of members there are in a particular group.  (group-cardinality GROUP INTEGER) means that the number of members in the group GROUP is INTEGER.  For example, the group-cardinality of the seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world is 7.  Cyc infers that the group-cardinality of any group that is a pair is 2, and that of a dozen is 12.")

;;; group-member-type
(isa group-member-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa group-member-type group)
(arg2-isa group-member-type object-type)
(arg2-genl group-member-type temporal-thing)
(comment group-member-type "The predicate group-member-type is used in characterizing the members of a particular group.  (group-member-type GROUP TYPE) means that all of GROUP's members are elements of the collection TYPE.  For example, to state that the group-members of the Austin City Council are humans, one would write (group-member-type AustinCityCouncil person).  The members of a particular group might be characterized in more than one way; e.g., a Hispanic Business Council may have both the group-member-type ethnic-group-of-hispanics and the group-member-type business-person (provided that all of its members are Hispanic business people).")

;;; group-members
(isa group-members cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds group-members cotemporal)
(genl-preds group-members structure-members)
(arg1-isa group-members group)
(arg2-isa group-members temporal-thing)
(comment group-members "The predicate group-members is used to relate a particular group to its individual members.  (group-members GROUP MEMBER) means that MEMBER is a member of GROUP.  For example,  the pyramid-of-cheops is a member of the seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world.  Or, to say that President Bill Clinton was a member of the Democratic Party throughout 1996, we would say: (holds-in (year-fn 1996) (group-members democratic-party bill-clinton)).")

;;; hair-color
(isa hair-color tangible-object-predicate)
(isa hair-color ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa hair-color mammal)
(arg1-isa hair-color animal)
(arg2-isa hair-color existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl hair-color animal-body-part)
(arg3-isa hair-color color)
(comment hair-color "(hair-color ANIMAL BODYPARTTYPE COLOR) means that the hair which the animal ANIMAL has on its BODYPARTTYPE has the color COLOR.  E.g., (hair-color santa-claus chin white-color).  This is normally mammal hair, but certain invertebrates also have hair.")

;;; hangs-around
(isa hangs-around irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa hangs-around asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa hangs-around transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa hangs-around connection-predicate)
(isa hangs-around spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds hangs-around hangs-from)
(genl-preds hangs-around on--physical)
(arg1-isa hangs-around solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa hangs-around solid-tangible-thing)
(comment hangs-around "(hangs-around ?loop ?obj) means that ?loop is a semi-flexible loop, looped around a piece of ?obj.  ?loop is supported by gripping friction and/or ?loop's limited ability to elongate as it moves down on ?obj.  See also hangs-from.")

;;; hangs-from
(isa hangs-from asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa hangs-from transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa hangs-from connection-predicate)
(isa hangs-from spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds hangs-from supported-by)
(arg1-isa hangs-from solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa hangs-from solid-tangible-thing)
(comment hangs-from "(hangs-from ?obj1 ?obj2) means that ?obj1 is suspended from ?obj2, either directly touching it (like a weight attached to a line) or through some intermediary object (like a weight suspended from the ceiling).  All of the weight of ?obj1 is supported-by ?obj2.  Most if not all of ?obj1 is below ?obj2. Certainly, the center of ?obj1 is below the connection point.  If pushed, ?obj1 will undergo swinging without necessarily dislodging it.")

;;; hardness-of-object
(isa hardness-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa hardness-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa hardness-of-object solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa hardness-of-object hardness)
(comment hardness-of-object "(hardness-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the instance of solid-tangible-thing OBJ has this DEGREE of hardness.")

;;; has-as-tributary
(isa has-as-tributary physical-part-predicate)
(isa has-as-tributary asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-as-tributary river)
(arg2-isa has-as-tributary river)
(comment has-as-tributary "The predicate has-as-tributary is used to indicate the tributaries of a particular river.  (has-as-tributary BIGRIV SMALLRIV) means that BIGRIV has SMALLRIV as one of its tributaries.  SMALLRIV flows into BIGRIV.  Examples: the mississippi-river has the wisconsin-river, ohio-river, arkansas-river, red-river-of-texas, and others as its tributaries.  Cf. formed-by-confluence-of.")

;;; has-attributes
(isa has-attributes binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-attributes temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa has-attributes attribute-value)
(comment has-attributes "A very general predicate. (has-attributes THING ATT) means that THING has the attribute ATT.  See also attribute-type and attribute-value.")
(overlapping-external-concept has-attributes s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION")

;;; has-belief-systems
(isa has-belief-systems binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-belief-systems intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa has-belief-systems belief-system)
(comment has-belief-systems "(has-belief-systems AGT BSYS) means that the agent AGT has the belief system BSYS.   E.g., (has-belief-systems BorisYeltsin russian-orthodox-religion).")

;;; has-climate-type
(isa has-climate-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-climate-type geographical-region)
(arg2-isa has-climate-type climate-cycle-type)
(arg2-genl has-climate-type annual-climate-cycle)
(comment has-climate-type "The predicate has-climate-type is used to specify the type of climate that occurs in a particular region.  (has-climate-type AREA CLIME) means that the climate in the geographical-region AREA is of the climate-cycle-type CLIME; i.e., any individual annual cycle falls under the type CLIME.  For example, to describe the climate of Houston, we would say: (has-climate-type city-of-houston-t-x humid-subtropical-climate-cycle).  See also climate-cycle-type, annual-climate-cycle.")

;;; has-comm-convention
(isa has-comm-convention binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-comm-convention agent)
(arg2-isa has-comm-convention communication-convention)
(comment has-comm-convention "(has-comm-convention AGENT CONV) means that the agent AGENT knows the communication-convention CONV and can use it to encode or decode information.")

;;; has-gender
(isa has-gender functional-slot)
(arg1-isa has-gender biological-living-object)
(arg2-isa has-gender gender-of-living-thing)
(comment has-gender "(has-gender BLO SEX) means that the biological-living-object BLO is of the gender SEX.")

;;; has-habitat
(isa has-habitat functional-slot)
(arg1-isa has-habitat organism--whole)
(arg2-isa has-habitat ecological-region)
(comment has-habitat "The predicate has-habitat is used to relate an organism to the region where it lives.  (has-habitat ORG REGION) means that the organism ORG lives in the ecological-region REGION. Typically, REGION will belong to one of the subsets of ecological-region which represent specific biomes (e.g., desert, coral-reef).")

;;; has-headquarters-in-country
(isa has-headquarters-in-country binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-headquarters-in-country organization)
(arg2-isa has-headquarters-in-country country)
(comment has-headquarters-in-country "The predicate has-headquarters-in-country identifies the country in which a particular organization has its headquarters.  (has-headquarters-in-country ORG COUNTRY) means that the organization ORG has its world-wide headquarters and place of primary central control in the country COUNTRY.")

;;; has-levels
(isa has-levels binary-predicate)
(isa has-levels part-predicate)
(genl-preds has-levels physical-parts)
(arg1-isa has-levels construction-artifact)
(arg2-isa has-levels level-of-a-construction)
(comment has-levels "Levels which are part of this building")

;;; has-members
(isa has-members taxonomic-slot)
(isa has-members sub-process-slot)
(isa has-members cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds has-members cotemporal)
(arg1-isa has-members organization)
(arg2-isa has-members agent)
(comment has-members "The predicate has-members relates a particular organization to the agents which are members of that organization.  This predicate indicates `generic' membership, although there may be specialized kinds of membership in the same organization.  (has-members ORG AGENT) means that AGENT is a member of the organization ORG; typically, membership elegibility is determined by ORG and accepted with AGENT's voluntary affiliation.  For example, (has-members 'PeanutsBaseballTeam' charlie-brown).   A member may be any agent, including other organizations (such as member countries in the United Nations).  The truth of an assertion made with has-members may be time-dependent and, if so, should be qualified appropriately.  E.g., (holds-in (year-fn 1975) (has-members united-nations-organization taiwan--republic-of-china)) is true, but (holds-in (year-fn 1995) (has-members united-nations-organization taiwan--republic-of-china)) is not.")

;;; has-ownership-in
(isa has-ownership-in binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-ownership-in agent)
(arg2-isa has-ownership-in something-existing)
(comment has-ownership-in "The predicate has-ownership-in relates a particular agent to some thing of which it has part or whole ownership.  (has-ownership-in AGENT SOMETHING) means that the agent AGENT owns a part (or possibly the whole) of the thing SOMETHING.  For example, Ted Turner has-ownership-in Atlanta's Olympic Stadium. There may be other owners.  See also legal-owner-of and owns-share.")

;;; has-patients
(not 
  (isa has-patients irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa has-patients reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa has-patients asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa has-patients anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa has-patients symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa has-patients transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa has-patients binary-predicate)
(genl-preds has-patients clients)
(arg1-isa has-patients medical-care-provider)
(arg2-isa has-patients animal)
(comment has-patients "The predicate has-patients represents a relationship between a medical professional and a patient (including nonhuman animals).  (has-patients MEDIC PATIENT) means that the medical-care-provider MEDIC is treating the recipient-of-care PATIENT.  PATIENT may be a human or a nonhuman animal.  An assertion using has-patients holds only during the time that PATIENT has a condition that is being treated by MEDIC; it does not represent or imply a long term doctor-patient relationship.")

;;; has-physiological-attributes
(isa has-physiological-attributes binary-predicate)
(genl-preds has-physiological-attributes has-attributes)
(arg1-isa has-physiological-attributes biological-living-object)
(arg2-isa has-physiological-attributes physiological-attribute)
(comment has-physiological-attributes "(has-physiological-attributes ?BLO  ?ATT) means that the biological-living-object ?BLO has the physiological-attribute ?ATT.  physiological-attributes are concerned with the physiological functions of a living animal, especially with the physical and/or (bio)chemical basis of those functions.  However, physiological-attributes need not be specified in scientific detail.  Many common physiological-attributes permit commonsense inference about further features of an individual having a certain physiological state or condition.  Note that many, perhaps most, assertions made with has-physiological-attributes will be time-dependent; e.g., an individual person is not sexually-mature throughout his or her life, but only during a portion of it.  Thus, it is necessary to make these assertions only about the appropriate temporal sub-abstrac; one way to do that is by using holds-in; e.g., (holds-in (year-fn 1820)  (has-physiological-attributes ludwig-van-beethoven deaf)).")

;;; has-portal-to-region
(isa has-portal-to-region binary-predicate)
(genl-preds has-portal-to-region cotemporal)
(arg1-isa has-portal-to-region partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa has-portal-to-region partially-tangible)
(comment has-portal-to-region "ARG1 is connected to ARG2 through some type of portal (e.g. has-portal-to-region(-my-master-bedroom MyMaterBathroom))")

;;; has-position-in
(isa has-position-in ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-position-in person)
(arg2-isa has-position-in organization)
(arg3-isa has-position-in position-type)
(comment has-position-in "The predicate has-position-in is used to relate a particular person to his or her position in a particular organization.  (has-position-in PER ORG POS-TYPE) means that the person PER works in the organization ORG, in a position of type POS-TYPE.  POS-TYPE may or may not specifically indicate PER's occupational field or training; that is, one individual occupying a position of manager may be a marketing-person, while another is an electrical-engineer.  In addition, POS-TYPE may or may not correspond to an official `Job Title' (cf. has-title) or be the primary occupation of PER.  Contrast, e.g., (has-position-in JerryLewis MarchOfDimes spokesman) with (has-position-in DellaStreet PerryMasonsLawOffice secretary).  Note that assertions using has-position-in should be properly time-constrained, for example with holds-in.")

;;; has-preparation-attributes
(isa has-preparation-attributes binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-preparation-attributes edible-stuff)
(arg2-isa has-preparation-attributes preparation-attribute)
(comment has-preparation-attributes "The predicate has-preparation-attributes is used to indicate the way in which a particular food item was prepared.  (has-preparation-attributes EDIBLE PREP) means the edible-stuff EDIBLE has been processed so that it has the food preparation-attribute PREP (e.g., cooked, roasted, chilled -- or raw).  For example, a piece of toast has-preparation-attributes toasted; any quantity of beer that is ready to drink has-preparation-attributes fermented.")

;;; has-rooms
(isa has-rooms physical-part-predicate)
(isa has-rooms cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds has-rooms cotemporal)
(genl-preds has-rooms internal-parts)
(genl-preds has-rooms physical-parts)
(genl-preds has-rooms contains-cavity)
(arg1-isa has-rooms construction-artifact)
(arg2-isa has-rooms space-in-a-h-o-c)
(comment has-rooms "The predicate has-rooms allows us to say that a particular space is within a particular building.  (has-rooms BUILD ROOM) means that ROOM is a room or demarcated space which is physically contained within BUILD, a construction-artifact.  ROOM is not removable from BUILD.  Spaces that can be identified in this way include lobbies, hallways, kitchens, closets, dining rooms, gymnasia, studios, stairwells, bedrooms, etc.")

;;; has-same-entity-as
(isa has-same-entity-as transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa has-same-entity-as reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa has-same-entity-as symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa has-same-entity-as inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-inverse has-same-entity-as has-same-entity-as)
(arg1-isa has-same-entity-as something-existing)
(arg2-isa has-same-entity-as something-existing)
(comment has-same-entity-as "(has-same-entity-as ?X ?Y) indicates that ?X and ?Y are both subabstractions of the same entity.  The unique my-entity of ?X is the same as the unique my-entity of ?Y.  For instance, AlbertEinsteinAsAnAdult and AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton are in this relationship.")

;;; has-title
(isa has-title ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa has-title person)
(arg2-isa has-title title)
(arg3-isa has-title organization)
(comment has-title "The predicate has-title relates a person to a title that s/he holds in an organization.  (has-title PER TITLE ORG) means that the person PER has the title TITLE in the organization ORG.  Elements of title are linguistic objects usually related to positions or other qualifications that a person has.  A person generally has a title only while actually holding the related position; e.g., (has-title lenat principal-scientist--title cyc-group) tells us Doug Lenat's title at the Cyc Project while under MCC's organizational structure.  A noteworthy class of exceptions is courtesy-title (q.v.), which include forms of address such as `Mr.' and `Ms.', plus some titles which by courtesy the holders retain for life, such as (in the U.S.) `President' and military rank designations (e.g., officers retired from the armed services).
Note: Elements of title belong to the set linguistic-object, while positions themselves are represented by persons (cf. position-type).  Cf. has-position-in.")

;;; has-workers
(isa has-workers cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa has-workers asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa has-workers transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds has-workers cotemporal)
(genl-preds has-workers works-with)
(arg1-isa has-workers agent)
(arg2-isa has-workers agent)
(comment has-workers "The predicate has-workers relates an
organization or individual agent to those who work for it in any capacity.  (has-workers
AGENT1 AGENT2) says that the second agent regularly
 works for the first agent.  This includes employees,
managers, soldiers, sailors, certain prison inmates, volunteers,
apprentices, slaves, servants, sharecroppers, and indentured workers
(as well as other organizations, e.g. subcontractors).  The truth of
an assertion made with has-workers is time-relative; e.g.,
(has-workers cycorp dexter) is true when asserted for the period
(or any sub-period) from May 1989 to July 1994.  Note that `workers'
in the sense of has-workers need not be employees (e.g., they could
be volunteers); cf. employees.")

;;; headquarters
(isa headquarters binary-predicate)
(genl-preds headquarters physical-quarters)
(arg1-isa headquarters organization)
(arg2-isa headquarters construction-artifact)
(comment headquarters "The predicate headquarters indicates the building(s) where a particular organization has its headquarters.  (headquarters ORG BUILDING) means that BUILDING is the buildings, rooms, offices, etc., which house the main administrative and decision-making functions of the organization ORG.")

;;; hears
(isa hears tangible-object-predicate)
(isa hears perceiving-slot)
(genl-preds hears perceives)
(arg1-isa hears perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa hears temporal-thing)
(comment hears "(hears AGT OBJ) means that the perceptual-agent AGT percieves sounds emananating from or as the result of OBJ.  Events such as the shooting of a gun and tangible objects such as telephones are things which can emit audible sound and thus be perceived auditorily. ")

;;; height-of-object
(isa height-of-object physical-amount-slot)
(arg1-isa height-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa height-of-object distance)
(comment height-of-object "(height-of-object OBJ HEIGHT) means that the distance from OBJ's top boundary to its bottom boundary is HEIGHT.  Note that top and bottom are determined by an object's default orientation, if it has one (as do, e.g., people, houses, cars, trees); otherwise, by the orientation of the object in its environment.")

;;; hinged-to
(not 
  (isa hinged-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa hinged-to irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa hinged-to connection-predicate)
(isa hinged-to spatial-predicate)
(isa hinged-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa hinged-to extensional-representation-predicate)
(isa hinged-to physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(genl-preds hinged-to rotationally-connected-to)
(genl-inverse hinged-to hinged-to)
(arg1-isa hinged-to solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa hinged-to solid-tangible-thing)
(comment hinged-to "(hinged-to OBJ1 OBJ2) means that there is some hinge connecting OBJ1 and OBJ2 which allows limited rotational motion between them.  That is the only relative motion that can occur between them.  The hinged pivoting motion may be repeated.  hinged-to is noncommittal about whether the hinge is a distinct object or is part of OBJ1 or OBJ2.  Some edge of OBJ1 adjoins an edge of OBJ2.")

;;; holds-in
(isa holds-in binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa holds-in temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa holds-in cyc-formula)
(comment holds-in "(holds-in ?X ?P) means that the proposition ?P is true during the temporal extent of temporal-thing ?X.  To represent `Nick owned Spot in 1992' we could create the appropriate cotemporal subabstractions of each, and assert (owns NickIn1992 SpotIn1992).  More tersely, we could use holds-in and simply assert (holds-in (year-fn 1992) (owns Nick Spot)), since holds-in implicitly treats instances of something-existing as their appropriate temporal subabstractions.  Alternatively, we could create a context (a microtheory) one of whose assumptions was a temporal one, limiting all axioms to holding during 1992, and then in that context we could simply assert (owns Nick Spot).  But it would be incorrect to assert (owns Nick Spot) in the base-k-b --- i.e., devoid of context --- since Nick as a baby and Nick as an old man didn't/won't own Spot.")

;;; host-of-event
(isa host-of-event asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa host-of-event actor-slot)
(genl-preds host-of-event social-participants)
(arg1-isa host-of-event social-gathering)
(arg2-isa host-of-event agent)
(comment host-of-event "(host-of-event GATHERING AGENT) means that AGENT is a host and sponsor of the social-gathering GATHERING.")

;;; hunger-level-of
(isa hunger-level-of binary-predicate)
(isa hunger-level-of intangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa hunger-level-of level-of-hunger)
(arg2-isa hunger-level-of animal)
(comment hunger-level-of "The predicate hunger-level-of is used to express how hungry an animal is.  The first argument is a level-of-hunger (q.v.):  for instance, hungry, starving, stuffed.  The second argument is the animal who feels hunger at this level.")
(comment hunger-level-of "Just what it says")

;;; ibo-created
(isa ibo-created actor-slot)
(genl-preds ibo-created ibt-generated)
(genl-preds ibo-created information-destination)
(genl-preds ibo-created outputs-created)
(arg1-isa ibo-created i-b-o-creation)
(arg2-isa ibo-created information-bearing-object)
(comment ibo-created "The predicate ibo-created is used to link a particular information bearing object (IBO) to the event in which it is created.  (ibo-created CREATION IBO) means that the information-bearing-object IBO is created in the event CREATION.  For example, my copy of today's `Austin American-Statesman' morning paper was created during the previous night's paper-publishing event.")

;;; ibt-generated
(isa ibt-generated role)
(isa ibt-generated binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa ibt-generated i-b-t-generation)
(arg2-isa ibt-generated information-bearing-thing)
(comment ibt-generated "The predicate ibt-generated is used to link a particular information bearing thing (IBT) to the event in which it is created.  (ibt-generated GEN IBT) means that the information-bearing-thing IBT comes about, happens, or comes into existence in or as an immediate consequence of the event GEN.")

;;; ibt-has-info-about
(not 
  (isa ibt-has-info-about irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ibt-has-info-about reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ibt-has-info-about asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ibt-has-info-about anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ibt-has-info-about symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa ibt-has-info-about transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa ibt-has-info-about binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa ibt-has-info-about information-bearing-thing)
(arg2-isa ibt-has-info-about thing)
(comment ibt-has-info-about "(ibt-has-info-about ?IBT ?THING) means that the information-bearing-thing ?IBT is generally 'about' ?THING -- which may be any thing at all.  This is a very general notion of aboutness, which does not require that ?THING be explicitly named in ?IBT, nor that it be the main topic.")

;;; identical-in-attribute
(isa identical-in-attribute ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa identical-in-attribute thing)
(arg2-isa identical-in-attribute thing)
(arg3-isa identical-in-attribute attribute-type)
(comment identical-in-attribute "(identical-in-attribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 have the same values of the attribute-type ATTRIBUTE.  Here 'the same' means complete identity or very close resemblance -- what this means, and what the standard of closeness or identity is, depends on the context, but identical-in-attribute and different-in-attribute cannot both be correctly asserted of the same two things.  See also resembles-in-attribute, and different-in-attribute.")

;;; illumination-level
(isa illumination-level interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa illumination-level partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa illumination-level light-intensity)
(comment illumination-level "(illumination-level LOC DEGREE) indicates how brightly illuminated the location LOC is.  Higher values of DEGREE mean greater light intensity.")

;;; implies
(isa implies logical-connective)
(isa implies relationship)
(arg1-isa implies cyc-formula)
(arg2-isa implies cyc-formula)
(comment implies "The predicate implies represents the material implication relation in Cyc.  implies is a logical connective taking two arguments, each of which must be an element of cyc-formula.   (implies ANTE CONSEQ) means that whenever the formula ANTE is true, the formula CONSEQ must also be true; in other words, it is not the case that ANTE is true while CONSEQ is false.  Cyc assertions that begin with implies are used during inference, both in modus ponens and modus tollens.")

;;; in--among
(isa in--among cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--among spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--among cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--among object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa in--among partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--among group)
(comment in--among "(in--among OBJ GROUP) means that the tangible thing OBJ is physically located within the spatial cluster GROUP, which is composed of individuals.  OBJ may (but need not) be a member of GROUP.  OBJ is spatially distinct from any (other) member of GROUP; cf. spatially-intersects.  Examples: a bird in the branches of a tree; a zebra in its herd; a flea in a dog's pelt; a bee in a swarm of bees; a snake in the grass.")

;;; in--cont-closed
(isa in--cont-closed irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-closed cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--cont-closed asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-closed transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-closed spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--cont-closed cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--cont-closed in--cont-generic)
(genl-inverse in--cont-closed surrounds-completely)
(arg1-isa in--cont-closed partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--cont-closed solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--cont-closed "(in--cont-closed OBJ CONT) means that OBJ is contained in CONT and cannot leave CONT unless CONT opens or breaks, or OBJ is broken into pieces small enough to escape from CONT.  Examples: water in a bottle; CD in a CD case; food in a plastic zip bag; books in a backpack; spare tire in the trunk.  In order for a relation to count as in--cont-closed, the container must have a portal, even though that portal is closed while this relation holds.  So, for example, it is NOT proper to use in--cont-closed to say that an egg is in its eggshell, or that a brain is in its skull.  See also portal.")

;;; in--cont-full-of
(isa in--cont-full-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa in--cont-full-of reflexive-binary-predicate))
(isa in--cont-full-of cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--cont-full-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-full-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-full-of spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--cont-full-of cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--cont-full-of touches-directly)
(genl-preds in--cont-full-of in--cont-generic)
(arg1-isa in--cont-full-of partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--cont-full-of solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--cont-full-of "(in--cont-full-of STUFF CONT) means that STUFF is the substance that fills CONT.  STUFF is unique in that it is the only substance that `fills' CONT, even though other things may be with it in CONT (e.g., as in--cont-generic).  Filling the container means that the inside surface of CONT touches the filling STUFF at virtually all points of CONT's inner surface, rather than touching whatever stuff CONT itself is immersed in and which CONT's outside surface touches (e.g., air).  The only thing which can override this touches (i.e., get alongside CONT's inside wall without being STUFF) would be some other object which is also in CONT (e.g., with in--cont-generic).  In order to fill the container, STUFF must be pourable or have a shape which conforms to the shape of CONT's cavity.  Cf. in--cont-generic to cover cases of stuff which is in a container without filling it. ")

;;; in--cont-generic
(isa in--cont-generic spatial-predicate)
(isa in--cont-generic asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-generic transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-generic cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds in--cont-generic object-found-in-location)
(genl-preds in--cont-generic cotemporal)
(arg1-isa in--cont-generic partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--cont-generic solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--cont-generic "(in--cont-generic OBJ CONT) means that OBJ is contained, confined, or held in CONT.  CONT may be open or closed. See also in--cont-open, in--cont-closed, in--cont-full-of, in-region.")
(synonymous-external-concept in--cont-generic s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONTAINED")

;;; in--cont-open
(isa in--cont-open irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-open cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--cont-open asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-open transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--cont-open spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--cont-open cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--cont-open in--cont-generic)
(arg1-isa in--cont-open partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--cont-open solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--cont-open "(in--cont-open OBJ CONT) means that OBJ is contained in CONT -- CONT confines or holds OBJ in -- but OBJ can be removed from CONT without having to open any portals in CONT.  In gravity fields, CONT is right-side-up, and if CONT is turned over, OBJ will fall out.  Cf. in--cont-closed.")

;;; in--embedded
(not 
  (isa in--embedded asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in--embedded anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in--embedded symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in--embedded transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa in--embedded cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--embedded irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--embedded connection-predicate)
(isa in--embedded spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--embedded connected-to)
(genl-preds in--embedded touches-directly)
(genl-preds in--embedded cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--embedded object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa in--embedded solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa in--embedded solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--embedded "(in--embedded OBJ1 OBJ2) means that some portion of OBJ1 is embedded in OBJ2 at least semi-permanently.  OBJ1 is thus connected-to OBJ2.  The remaining portion of OBJ1 is not embedded in OBJ2. In many cases, an in--embedded relationship comes about during the formation of OBJ1 or OBJ2.  Examples: grass in the ground, hair in the scalp, or eyes in sockets.")

;;; in--floating
(isa in--floating asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--floating anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--floating spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--floating in--immersed-partly)
(genl-preds in--floating above--touching)
(arg1-isa in--floating solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa in--floating liquid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--floating "(in--floating OBJ LIQUID) means that OBJ is floating in LIQUID.  Thus, OBJ is buoyant and is in--immersed-partly in LIQUID.")

;;; in--held
(not 
  (isa in--held transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa in--held cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--held anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--held spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--held cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--held in--cont-generic)
(genl-preds in--held touches)
(arg1-isa in--held solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa in--held solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--held "(in--held OBJ HOLDER) means that OBJ is being held or restrained by HOLDER, which is applying pressure to OBJ.  HOLDER touches OBJ.  HOLDER may be either a device-used or an anatomical-part-type-affected in an instance of holding-an-object; OBJ would be the object-acted-on by that holding.")

;;; in--immersed-fully
(isa in--immersed-fully irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-fully spatial-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-fully asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-fully anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-fully cotemporal-objects-slot)
(not 
  (isa in--immersed-fully transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds in--immersed-fully object-found-in-location)
(genl-preds in--immersed-fully in--immersed-generic)
(genl-preds in--immersed-fully cotemporal)
(genl-inverse in--immersed-fully surrounds-completely)
(arg1-isa in--immersed-fully partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--immersed-fully partially-tangible)
(comment in--immersed-fully "(in--immersed-fully OBJ FLUID) means that FLUID is the unique fluid in which OBJ is completely immersed.  Thus, as a default inference, every outside surface region of OBJ touches FLUID.  E.g., (live) fish are fully immersed in water, and people are usually immersed in air (even though the bottoms of their feet touch the ground and not the air).  Examples like air bubbles in water or mercury globules immersed in air suggest that the arg1-isa should be kept general, i.e., partially-tangible rather than solid-tangible-thing.")

;;; in--immersed-generic
(isa in--immersed-generic anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-generic asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-generic spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--immersed-generic touches)
(genl-inverse in--immersed-generic surrounds-horizontally)
(arg1-isa in--immersed-generic partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--immersed-generic fluid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--immersed-generic "(in--immersed-generic OBJ FLUID) means that OBJ is immersed in FLUID.  in--immersed-generic is noncomittal as to whether OBJ is completely or partially immersed.  But FLUID touches OBJ and conforms to a significant portion of the surface of OBJ.   See also in--immersed-fully, in--immersed-partly.")

;;; in--immersed-partly
(isa in--immersed-partly asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-partly irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-partly anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in--immersed-partly spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--immersed-partly in--immersed-generic)
(arg1-isa in--immersed-partly partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in--immersed-partly fluid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--immersed-partly "(in--immersed-partly OBJ FLUID) means that a portion of OBJ is immersed in FLUID, but OBJ is not completely surrounded by FLUID.  In gravitational fields, in--immersed-partly entails surrounds-horizontally, because in that context fluid surfaces are of generally horizontal-orientation.")

;;; in--lodged
(isa in--lodged asymmetric-binary-predicate)

;;; in--permeates
(isa in--permeates irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds in--permeates object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa in--permeates liquid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa in--permeates solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--permeates "(in--permeates LIQUID SOLID)
means that LIQUID permeates SOLID.  LIQUID must be separable from SOLID
by physical, not chemical means.  If LIQUID is not a constituent (see
constituents) of SOLID, then SOLID is porous (see porous).
Exemplars include water permeating a wet sponge, oil soaking a sponge,
or water in soil.  Negative exemplars include vapor suspended in air
(see, e.g. suspending-fluid or solute) .  Other negative exemplars
include liquids which undergoe a chemical change and combine with some
other substance, e.g. water which becomes a chemical part of plant
material in photosynthesis.")

;;; in--snugly
(not 
  (isa in--snugly anti-transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in--snugly transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in--snugly symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in--snugly asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa in--snugly cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa in--snugly spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--snugly cotemporal)
(genl-preds in--snugly touches)
(genl-preds in--snugly in--cont-generic)
(arg1-isa in--snugly solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa in--snugly solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--snugly "The binary-predicate (in--snugly ?INNER ?OUTER) means that ?INNER is in--cont-generic ?OUTER, that ?INNER touches ?OUTER, and that a friction-process would be necessary for a removing-something in which ?INNER is the object-moving and ?OUTER is the from-location.")

;;; in--spiked
(not 
  (isa in--spiked transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa in--spiked asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in--spiked connection-predicate)
(isa in--spiked spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in--spiked in--lodged)
(genl-preds in--spiked in--embedded)
(genl-preds in--spiked connected-to--rigidly)
(arg1-isa in--spiked solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa in--spiked solid-tangible-thing)
(comment in--spiked "(in--spiked OBJ REG) means that an object, OBJ, is spiked into another object, REG, in the way that nails, push pins, needles, and other pointed objects stick into other objects.  Thus, OBJ must be long-and-thin and must be harder than REG.  Typically, the rigid connection between REG and OBJ can support forces substantially greater than the weight of OBJ.")

;;; in-front-of--directly
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--directly asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--directly anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--directly symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--directly transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa in-front-of--directly irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in-front-of--directly spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in-front-of--directly in-front-of--generally)
(arg1-isa in-front-of--directly partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in-front-of--directly partially-tangible)
(comment in-front-of--directly "(in-front-of--directly FORE AFT) means that FORE is directly in front of AFT.  More precisely, it implies both (in-front-of--generally FORE AFT) and that there is at least one line parallel to the forward pointing axis of AFT that intersects both FORE and AFT.")

;;; in-front-of--generally
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--generally asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--generally anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--generally symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa in-front-of--generally transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa in-front-of--generally irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa in-front-of--generally spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in-front-of--generally near)
(arg1-isa in-front-of--generally partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa in-front-of--generally partially-tangible)
(comment in-front-of--generally "(in-front-of--generally FORE AFT) means that the tangible object FORE is in front of the tangible object AFT.  More precisely, the intrinsic back-to-front axis of AFT is within 45 degrees of some line intersecting both FORE and AFT.")
(synonymous-external-concept in-front-of--generally s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "FACING")

;;; in-plane
(isa in-plane binary-predicate)
(isa in-plane spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds in-plane spatially-intersects)
(arg1-isa in-plane spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa in-plane surface--abstract)
(comment in-plane "(in-plane OBJ SURFACE) means that OBJ spatially intersects with the flat-surface SURFACE.")

;;; in-region
(isa in-region anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa in-region transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa in-region extensional-representation-predicate)
(arg1-isa in-region spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa in-region spatial-thing)
(comment in-region "(in-region OBJECT AREA) means that all points in OBJECT are found within the boundaries of AREA, which is another spatial thing (of which OBJECT may or may not be a part).  OBJECT is totally included spatially within the region demarcated by AREA.  







Note, regarding whether OBJECT is a part of AREA: Two subordinate, but contrasting, predicates are physical-decompositions (a genl-inverse of in-region) and object-found-in-location (a genl-preds of in-region).  (1) OBJECT is a physical-decompositions of AREA if the set of points occupied by OBJECT is a subset of the points actually occupied by AREA; i.e., OBJECT is spatially a part of AREA.  (2) On the other hand, if OBJECT is merely present in AREA, but is not a part of it, then object-found-in-location applies.")

;;; included-items
(isa included-items part-predicate)
(isa included-items asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa included-items anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds included-items parts)
(arg1-isa included-items formal-product)
(arg2-isa included-items individual)
(comment included-items "The predicate included-items is used to identify the peripheral items that come with a particular packaged product.  (included-items FORM ITEM) means that the individual ITEM is one of the things that are included in the formal-product FORM, along with its main-product; but ITEM is not the main product itself.  ITEM can be an accessory, owner's manual, warranty agreement, or included service.  ITEM is something that is a regular part of the package.  ITEM does NOT refer to free samples or extras thrown in--for that, see includes-with-product-type.")

;;; includes-with-product-type
(isa includes-with-product-type ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa includes-with-product-type commercial-organization)
(arg2-isa includes-with-product-type product-type)
(arg2-genl includes-with-product-type product)
(arg3-isa includes-with-product-type product-type)
(arg3-genl includes-with-product-type product)
(comment includes-with-product-type "The predicate includes-with-product-type is used to specify `extras' that a particular seller includes with a specific product.  (includes-with-product-type SELLER MAINTYPE EXTRATYPE) means that the commercial-organization SELLER provides an item of the product-type EXTRATYPE free of charge to its customers who purchase a product of product-type MAINTYPE.  For example, to say that Ernie's Garage provides towing free with a car repair, we could say (includes-with-product-type ErniesGarage car-repairing towing-an-automobile).")

;;; income
(isa income interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa income agent)
(arg2-isa income monetary-flow-rate)
(comment income "The predicate income is used to state the income of a person or other agent.  (income AGT RATE) means that the agent AGT has the income RATE, where RATE is a monetary-flow-rate, e.g., a number of dollars-per-hour or dollars-per-year.  See monetary-flow-rate.")

;;; infecting-organism
(isa infecting-organism irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa infecting-organism asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa infecting-organism actor-slot)
(genl-preds infecting-organism pre-actors)
(arg1-isa infecting-organism infection)
(arg2-isa infecting-organism organism--whole)
(comment infecting-organism "This predicate relates a particular instance of infection to an organism which causes that infection.  (infecting-organism INFECT ORG) means that the organism ORG is one of the causes of the infection INFECT.  For example, if INFECT is a case of  strep-throat, then ORG is an instance of streptococcus.  I.e., 
(for-all ?x
  (for-all ?y
     (implies 
         (and
             (isa ?x strep-throat) 
             (infecting-organism ?x ?y))
         (isa ?y streptococcus))))
")

;;; infection-host
(isa infection-host actor-slot)
(isa infection-host asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa infection-host anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa infection-host irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds infection-host bodily-doer)
(arg1-isa infection-host infection)
(arg2-isa infection-host organism--whole)
(comment infection-host "This predicate relates a particular case of infection to the organism it is infecting.  (infection-host INF ORG) means that INF is an infection in which the host organism is ORG.")

;;; infinitive
(isa infinitive intangible-object-predicate)
(isa infinitive binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa infinitive english-word)
(arg2-isa infinitive character-string)
(comment infinitive "(infinitive WORD STRING) means that STRING is the infinitive verb form of WORD.  For example, `to hit' is the infinitive form of hit--the-word.")

;;; info-added
(isa info-added binary-predicate)
(isa info-added role)
(genl-preds info-added info-transferred)
(arg1-isa info-added information-updating)
(arg2-isa info-added abstract-information)
(comment info-added "(info-added CHANGE INFO) means that in the information-updating action, CHANGE, INFO was added to the IBO (information-bearing-object) acted on.")

;;; info-contributed
(isa info-contributed ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa info-contributed multi-directional-communication)
(arg2-isa info-contributed agent)
(arg3-isa info-contributed propositional-information-thing)
(comment info-contributed "The predicate info-contributed is used to identify which agent said what in a particular complex communication activity.  (info-contributed MULTICOM AGENT INFO) means that in the multi-directional-communication event MULTICOM, AGENT does something that expresses INFO.  Note that speaking, writing, or otherwise signalling are all viable methods of `saying'.  The (unspecified) thing that AGENT does in MULTICOM generates the message, and INFO is a propositional item expressing the content of AGENT's message.  See also propositional-information-thing and i-b-t-generation.")

;;; info-removed
(isa info-removed binary-predicate)
(isa info-removed role)
(genl-preds info-removed info-transferred)
(arg1-isa info-removed information-updating)
(arg2-isa info-removed abstract-information)
(comment info-removed "(info-removed CHANGE INFO) means that in the information-updating action, CHANGE, INFO was removed from the IBO (information-bearing-object) acted on.")

;;; info-transferred
(isa info-transferred role)
(isa info-transferred binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa info-transferred information-transfer-event)
(arg2-isa info-transferred abstract-information)
(comment info-transferred "The predicate info-transferred is used to indicate the propositional content of a particular transferral of information.  (info-transferred TRANSFER INFO) means that INFO is information that is transferred due to the information-transfer-event TRANSFER.  INFO originates from some agent or IBT (i.e., element of information-bearing-thing).  After TRANSFER, INFO is contained in another IBT or agent; INFO may persist in the source as well.  For example, when I read the front page of the newspaper, some information about current world events is transferred from the newspaper to me.   See also information-origin, information-destination.")
(synonymous-external-concept info-transferred s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SAYING")

;;; inform-statement
(isa inform-statement microtheory-predicate)
(isa inform-statement binary-predicate)
(genl-preds inform-statement ist--information)
(arg1-isa inform-statement propositional-information-thing)
(arg2-isa inform-statement cyc-formula)
(comment inform-statement "(inform-statement ?MT ?PROP) means that the cyc-formula ?PROP is true in the information context ?MT.  (An information context here usually means a particular database application of cyc.  In these applications, ?PROP is communicated to cyc directly as an explicit inform-statement, and is not inferred to be true.)  Note that (inform-statement ?mt ?clpe) implies that (ist ?mt ?clpe).")

;;; information-destination
(isa information-destination role)
(isa information-destination binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa information-destination information-transfer-event)
(arg2-isa information-destination temporal-thing)
(comment information-destination "The predicate information-destination is used to indicate where information is transferred in a particular information transfer event.  (information-destination TRANSFER DEST) means that in the information-transfer-event TRANSFER, the information being transferred is sent, given to, or impressed upon DEST.  DEST is an IBT (i.e., an element of information-bearing-thing) or an agent.  Note that if DEST is an agent, you should probably use the more specific actor slot, recipient-of-info.  Note also that if DEST existed before the transfer, it may have already contained the information.")

;;; information-origin
(isa information-origin role)
(isa information-origin binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa information-origin information-transfer-event)
(arg2-isa information-origin temporal-thing)
(comment information-origin "The predicate information-origin is used to indicate the source of information for a particular communication event.  (information-origin TRANSFER ORIGIN) means that in the information-transfer-event TRANSFER, the information being transferred is coming from ORIGIN.  ORIGIN is either an IBT (i.e., element of information-bearing-thing) or an agent.  Note that if ORIGIN still exists past the transfer, it presumably still contains the information.")

;;; ingredients
(isa ingredients composition-predicate)
(isa ingredients cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa ingredients transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds ingredients cotemporal)
(genl-preds ingredients physical-decompositions)
(arg1-isa ingredients artifact)
(arg2-isa ingredients partially-tangible)
(comment ingredients "The predicate ingredients is used to indicate a particular input used to make a particular artifact.  (ingredients ART INGR) means that the partially-tangible thing INGR was one of the inputs to the creation of the artifact ART, and INGR is one of ART's physical-decompositions.  Note that ingredients applies only to those inputs which retain their identity in the creation process and which are incorporated into the resulting artifact.  For example, a meatball can be considered an ingredient of a plate of spaghetti, and a portion of ground beef can be considered an ingredient of the meatball.  On the other hand, we would not say that an egg is an ingredient of the meatball, even though it was an input to the creation process, because its identity was not preserved.")

;;; inhabitant-types
(isa inhabitant-types intensional-representation-predicate)
(isa inhabitant-types binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inhabitant-types geographical-region)
(arg2-isa inhabitant-types existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl inhabitant-types person)
(comment inhabitant-types "The predicate inhabitant-types is used to indicate the type(s) of people who live in a region.  (inhabitant-types REGION TYPE) means that TYPE is (one of) the (primary) type(s) of people who live in the geographical-region REGION.  For example, to say that Chileans are among the primary groups of inhabitants of Chile, we assert (inhabitant-types chile chilean-person).  TYPE may be based on ethnicity, nationality, age, economics--in short, any demographic class.  E.g., (inhabitant-types united-states-of-america adult-middle-class-american), (inhabitant-types united-states-of-america working-adult-american-woman), (inhabitant-types united-states-of-america mexican-immigrant-to-u-s-a).")

;;; inputs
(isa inputs irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa inputs actor-slot)
(isa inputs asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds inputs pre-actors)
(genl-preds inputs starts-after-starting-of)
(genl-preds inputs object-acted-on)
(arg1-isa inputs creation-or-destruction-event)
(arg2-isa inputs something-existing)
(comment inputs "The predicate inputs relates a particular event to things which are `inputs', i.e., materials used in that event and somehow altered by it.  (inputs EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is an input to the creation-or-destruction-event EVENT.  During and due to the event, OBJECT is either destroyed or incorporated into a new entity.  For example, the pigments used to paint the Mona Lisa were inputs to Leonardo's painting process; however, his brushes were not inputs, even though they were changed a little by it.  In general, in instances of manufacturing, materials or objects are inputs if they find their way into the product manufactured, or if they are destroyed -- such as the coke used in manufacturing steel -- as part of that manufacturing process.  
Note: One should use the specialized predicates inputs-destroyed or inputs-committed whenever they are appropriate, rather than the more general predicate inputs.")

;;; inputs-committed
(isa inputs-committed asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa inputs-committed actor-slot)
(genl-preds inputs-committed commits-for-future-uses)
(genl-preds inputs-committed inputs)
(genl-preds inputs-committed post-actors)
(arg1-isa inputs-committed creation-event)
(arg2-isa inputs-committed something-existing)
(comment inputs-committed "The predicate inputs-committed is used when some inputs to a particular event is incorporated into some outputs of that event, but remains recognizable rather than being destroyed.  (inputs-committed EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT and continues to exist afterwards, and as a result of EVENT, OBJECT becomes incorporated into something created during EVENT.  For example, bricks that are used to build a house continue to exist as bricks once the house has been built.  (See also outputs-created.)
Note: there is a grey area between inputs-committed and inputs-destroyed; the less possible it is to take apart the relevant outputs of EVENT and get OBJECT back as an independent thing, the more likely it is that the relationship between EVENT and OBJECT should be inputs-destroyed, rather than inputs-committed.")

;;; inputs-destroyed
(isa inputs-destroyed irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa inputs-destroyed actor-slot)
(isa inputs-destroyed asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa inputs-destroyed anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds inputs-destroyed inputs)
(genl-preds inputs-destroyed ends-after-ending-of)
(genl-inverse inputs-destroyed ends-during)
(arg1-isa inputs-destroyed destruction-event)
(arg2-isa inputs-destroyed something-existing)
(comment inputs-destroyed "The predicate inputs-destroyed is used to relate a particular event to the items which are destroyed by it.  (inputs-destroyed EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT, is affected by EVENT, and due to that involvement, ends its existence as an entity sometime during EVENT.  OBJECT may or may not be a deliberate-actors in EVENT.")

;;; ins-is-job-of
(isa ins-is-job-of binary-predicate)
(isa ins-is-job-of type-predicate)
(arg1-isa ins-is-job-of script-type)
(arg2-isa ins-is-job-of professional)
(comment ins-is-job-of "The predicate ins-is-job-of indicates a type of work done by a particular individual.  (ins-is-job-of SCRIPT-TYPE PER) means that the person PER performs instances of SCRIPT-TYPE as part of his or her job.  E.g., keith-richards performs instances of writing-music as part of his work; goolsbey performs instances of programming-a-computer in his job at Cycorp; a security-guard performs instances of protecting-something.  Note that assertions using ins-is-job-of are true for some specific period of time, which may be indicated with holds-in.")

;;; instrument--container
(isa instrument--container actor-slot)
(genl-preds instrument--container instrument--generic)
(arg1-isa instrument--container event)
(arg2-isa instrument--container solid-tangible-thing)
(comment instrument--container "(instrument--container ?EVENT ?CONT) means that the object-acted-on in ?EVENT is contained in (in--cont-generic) ?CONT during ?EVENT, and that ?CONT facilitates ?EVENT being accomplished.")

;;; instrument--generic
(isa instrument--generic actor-slot)
(genl-preds instrument--generic actors)
(arg1-isa instrument--generic event)
(arg2-isa instrument--generic partially-tangible)
(comment instrument--generic "The predicate instrument--generic is used to link a particular event to any of the objects which play an instrumental role in it.  (instrument--generic EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT plays an intermediate causal role in EVENT, facilitating its occurrence and serving some purpose of some agent.  This can happen in at least two ways: a. the `doer' of EVENT acts on OBJECT, which in turn acts on something else (as when someone uses a hammer to pound in a nail) or b. the `doer' of EVENT acts on something, making it possible for OBJECT to act on that thing (as when someone puts wet clothes out in the sun to dry).  Typically, an instrument--generic is not significantly altered by playing that role in an event.  device-used is an important specialization predicate of instrument--generic.")
(overlapping-external-concept instrument--generic s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INSTRUMENTAL")
(synonymous-external-concept instrument--generic s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INSTRUMENT")

;;; intangible-component
(not 
  (isa intangible-component irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa intangible-component reflexive-binary-predicate))
(isa intangible-component non-physical-part-predicate)
(isa intangible-component transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds intangible-component parts)
(arg1-isa intangible-component composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(arg2-isa intangible-component intangible-individual)
(comment intangible-component "(intangible-component WHOLE PART) means that PART is the intangible part of the composite-tangible-and-intangible-object WHOLE.")

;;; intended-audience
(isa intended-audience binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa intended-audience information-bearing-thing)
(arg2-isa intended-audience agent)
(comment intended-audience "The predicate intended-audience indicates an individual who is the intended recipient of the information in a particular IBT (i.e., element of information-bearing-thing).  (intendedAudience IBT AGT) means that the information-bearing-thing IBT has the individual agent AGT as its intended audience--viewer, reader, listener, etc.  AGT (possibly along with other agents) is an individual who is supposed to access the information represented in IBT.  For example, the intended-audience of a personal letter is usually its addressee.")

;;; intended-audience-type
(isa intended-audience-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa intended-audience-type abstract-information)
(arg2-isa intended-audience-type existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl intended-audience-type agent)
(comment intended-audience-type "The predicate intended-audience-type indicates the type of agents who are the intended recipients of the information in a particular IBT (i.e., element of information-bearing-thing).  (intended-audience-type PIT TYPE) means that agents who are elements of TYPE are in the intended audience of the particular propositional-information-thing PIT.  Examples: the intended-audience-type for the information in a copy of `AMA Journal' is the collection of American physicians; the intended-audience-type of TV commercials for sugary packaged cereals are those members of human-child living in the broadcast area.")

;;; intended-behavior-capable
(isa intended-behavior-capable ternary-predicate)
(genl-preds intended-behavior-capable behavior-capable)
(arg1-isa intended-behavior-capable something-existing)
(arg2-isa intended-behavior-capable collection)
(arg2-genl intended-behavior-capable situation)
(arg3-isa intended-behavior-capable role)
(comment intended-behavior-capable "The predicate intended-behavior-capable is used to describe ways in which an object was designed to function.  (intended-behavior-capable OBJ SITTYPE ROLE) means that the individual, OBJ, was designed to serve as a ROLE in situations or events of type SITTYPE.  For example, a land-transportation-device such as an automobile is intended to serve the vehicle role in instances of (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device); an element of sphygmomanometer is intended to serve as the device-used in instances of systolic-blood-pressure-test; an element of rest-area is intended to be where a resting--relaxing event-occurs-at.  A thing may be able to play the same kind of ROLE in different kinds of situations; e.g., an element of stove-top-cooking-pot can be the instrument--container in either boiling-food or steaming-food events.  Or something may serve more than one function; e.g., a vacuum-cleaner serves both as the device-used in instances of vacuuming and (in virtue of its vacuum-dust-bag) as the instrument--container.")
(overlapping-external-concept intended-behavior-capable s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "USE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION")

;;; intended-for-use-by
(isa intended-for-use-by binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa intended-for-use-by product)
(arg2-isa intended-for-use-by existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl intended-for-use-by organism--whole)
(comment intended-for-use-by "(intended-for-use-by PROD TYPE) means that the product PROD is intended to be used by individuals of the existing-object-type TYPE, where TYPE must be a subset of organism--whole.  E.g., many types of products are only for use by adults, by women, by dogs, etc.
Note:  This is a good example of a predicate which is redundant but useful.  `Redundant' means that any assertion one states using intended-for-use-by could be stated, albeit less tersely, using other, more basic predicates in the KB, in this case intends and uses-object.  Often, a huge number of axioms can be drastically shortened by introducing such a redundant predicate, and writing axioms that define it in terms of the more-basic predicates.")

;;; intends
(isa intends propositional-attitude-slot)
(arg1-isa intends intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa intends cyc-formula)
(comment intends "(intends AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT intends the proposition PROP (represented by a cyc-formula) to become (or remain) true.  This predicate is obviously similar to goals (q.v.), but PROP is likely to be more short-lived (at least as far as the agent's intending) and more event-centered (`I did it because I intended that...') and more mechanically satisfied (`I intend to turn off the lamp') than any of the agent's goals.  You may intend to turn off the lamp, but it would be odd to call that one of your goals.")

;;; inter-arg-isa1-2
(isa inter-arg-isa1-2 ternary-predicate)
(isa inter-arg-isa1-2 meta-relation)
(isa inter-arg-isa1-2 rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa1-2 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa1-2 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa1-2 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa1-2 "(inter-arg-isa1-2 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the first argument to PRED, the second argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa1-3
(isa inter-arg-isa1-3 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa1-3 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa1-3 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa1-3 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa1-3 "(inter-arg-isa1-3 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the first argument to PRED, the third argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa1-4
(isa inter-arg-isa1-4 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa1-4 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa1-4 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa1-4 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa1-4 "(inter-arg-isa1-4 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the first argument to PRED, the fourth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa1-5
(isa inter-arg-isa1-5 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa1-5 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa1-5 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa1-5 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa1-5 "(inter-arg-isa1-5 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the first argument to PRED, the fifth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa2-1
(isa inter-arg-isa2-1 ternary-predicate)
(isa inter-arg-isa2-1 meta-relation)
(isa inter-arg-isa2-1 rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa2-1 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa2-1 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa2-1 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa2-1 "(inter-arg-isa2-1 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the second argument to PRED, the first argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa2-3
(isa inter-arg-isa2-3 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa2-3 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa2-3 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa2-3 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa2-3 "(inter-arg-isa2-3 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the second argument to PRED, the third argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa2-4
(isa inter-arg-isa2-4 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa2-4 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa2-4 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa2-4 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa2-4 "(inter-arg-isa2-4 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the second argument to PRED, the fourth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa2-5
(isa inter-arg-isa2-5 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa2-5 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa2-5 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa2-5 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa2-5 "(inter-arg-isa2-5 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the second argument to PRED, the fifth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa3-1
(isa inter-arg-isa3-1 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa3-1 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa3-1 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa3-1 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa3-1 "(inter-arg-isa3-1 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the third argument to PRED, the first argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa3-2
(isa inter-arg-isa3-2 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa3-2 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa3-2 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa3-2 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa3-2 "(inter-arg-isa3-2 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the third argument to PRED, the second argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa3-4
(isa inter-arg-isa3-4 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa3-4 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa3-4 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa3-4 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa3-4 "(inter-arg-isa3-4 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the third argument to PRED, the fourth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa3-5
(isa inter-arg-isa3-5 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa3-5 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa3-5 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa3-5 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa3-5 "(inter-arg-isa3-5 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the third argument to PRED, the fifth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa4-1
(isa inter-arg-isa4-1 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa4-1 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa4-1 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa4-1 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa4-1 "(inter-arg-isa4-1 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fourth argument to PRED, the first argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa4-2
(isa inter-arg-isa4-2 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa4-2 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa4-2 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa4-2 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa4-2 "(inter-arg-isa4-2 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fourth argument to PRED, the second argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa4-3
(isa inter-arg-isa4-3 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa4-3 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa4-3 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa4-3 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa4-3 "(inter-arg-isa4-3 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fourth argument to PRED, the third argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa4-5
(isa inter-arg-isa4-5 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa4-5 predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa4-5 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa4-5 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa4-5 "(inter-arg-isa4-5 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fourth argument to PRED, the fifth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa5-1
(isa inter-arg-isa5-1 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa5-1 quintary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa5-1 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa5-1 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa5-1 "(inter-arg-isa5-1 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fifth argument to PRED, the first argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa5-2
(isa inter-arg-isa5-2 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa5-2 quintary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa5-2 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa5-2 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa5-2 "(inter-arg-isa5-2 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fifth argument to PRED, the second argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa5-3
(isa inter-arg-isa5-3 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa5-3 quintary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa5-3 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa5-3 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa5-3 "(inter-arg-isa5-3 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fifth argument to PRED, the third argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; inter-arg-isa5-4
(isa inter-arg-isa5-4 ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inter-arg-isa5-4 quintary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inter-arg-isa5-4 collection)
(arg3-isa inter-arg-isa5-4 collection)
(comment inter-arg-isa5-4 "(inter-arg-isa5-4 PRED INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL DEPENDENT-ARG-COL) base-k-b) means that, when an instance of INDEPENDENT-ARG-COL appears as the fifth argument to PRED, the fourth argument in that assertion is constrained to be an instance of DEPENDENT-ARG-COL.")

;;; internal-parts
(isa internal-parts physical-part-predicate)
(isa internal-parts transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa internal-parts asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa internal-parts cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa internal-parts irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds internal-parts physical-parts)
(genl-preds internal-parts cotemporal)
(arg1-isa internal-parts partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa internal-parts partially-tangible)
(comment internal-parts "the internal parts of this tangible object")

;;; international-org--member-country
(isa international-org--member-country intangible-object-predicate)
(isa international-org--member-country binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa international-org--member-country international-organization-of-countries)
(arg1-isa international-org--member-country international-organization)
(arg2-isa international-org--member-country country)
(comment international-org--member-country "The predicate international-org--member-country is used to indicate that a particular country belongs to a particular international organization.  (international-org--member-country INTORG NATION) means that the country NATION (as represented by its national government or other legally designated body) is a member of the international-organization INTORG.  For example, bahrain is an international-org--member-country of the league-of-arab-states and of the united-nations-organization; or, china--peoples-republic is a international-org--member-country of the united-nations-organization -- but taiwan--republic-of-china is not.
Note: Cyc requires that members of organizations be agents.  Since geographical regions (such as countries) are not agents, the usual Cyc predicate for indicating membership -- has-members -- refers to the governments of the countries which are mentioned in assertions made with international-org--member-country.")

;;; intersects-interval-type
(isa intersects-interval-type temporal-relation)
(isa intersects-interval-type symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa intersects-interval-type reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa intersects-interval-type transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse intersects-interval-type intersects-interval-type)
(arg1-isa intersects-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(arg2-isa intersects-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(comment intersects-interval-type "(intersects-interval-type ?X ?Y) indicates that every instance of ?X temporally-intersects some instance ?Y.  For example, in the nontropics, (intersects-interval-type summer-season calendar-summer).  The `summer season' may not coincide exactly with the time between the summer solstice and autumnal equinox, but there is an (enormous) overlap between those two time periods.  This relation, intersects-interval-type, is commutative but not transitive.")

;;; interviewee
(isa interviewee irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa interviewee asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa interviewee actor-slot)
(genl-preds interviewee social-participants)
(arg1-isa interviewee spoken-communicating)
(arg1-isa interviewee multi-directional-communication)
(arg2-isa interviewee person)
(comment interviewee "(interviewee INTERVIEW AGT) means that the agent AGT is an interviewee in the interviewing event INTERVIEW.")

;;; interviewer
(isa interviewer irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa interviewer asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa interviewer actor-slot)
(genl-preds interviewer social-participants)
(genl-preds interviewer performed-by)
(arg1-isa interviewer spoken-communicating)
(arg1-isa interviewer multi-directional-communication)
(arg2-isa interviewer person)
(comment interviewer "(interviewer INTERVIEW AGT) means that the agent AGT is an interviewer in the interviewing event INTERVIEW.")

;;; inverse-func
(not 
  (isa inverse-func irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa inverse-func reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa inverse-func asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa inverse-func anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa inverse-func symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa inverse-func transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa inverse-func functional-slot)
(isa inverse-func relationship-predicate)
(genl-inverse inverse-func inverse-func)
(arg1-isa inverse-func function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(arg2-isa inverse-func function-from-quantities-to-quantities)
(comment inverse-func "The predicate inverse-func relates a mathematical function to a unique inverse.  Both arguments to inverse-func are elements of function-from-quantities-to-quantities.  (inverse-func FN INVFN) relates the function FN to its inverse INVFN; e.g., the inverse-func of the logarithm function (log-fn) would be the exponential function (exp-fn).")

;;; inverse-relation-type
(isa inverse-relation-type ternary-predicate)
(isa inverse-relation-type rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa inverse-relation-type binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inverse-relation-type collection)
(arg3-isa inverse-relation-type collection)
(comment inverse-relation-type "(inverse-relation-type SLOT COL1 COL2) means that, for every INS2 which is an instance of COL2, there is some INS1 which is an instance of COL1, such that (SLOT INS1 INS2) holds.  inverse-relation-type is thus redundant with a huge set of commonly-occurring axioms.  By having this predicate (along with an axiom that defines it, and, eventually, support in code for quick inferencing with it), axioms in that set can be stated more tersely, and collection-level reasoning with it is possible.")

;;; inverse-relation-type-count
(isa inverse-relation-type-count quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inverse-relation-type-count binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inverse-relation-type-count collection)
(arg3-isa inverse-relation-type-count collection)
(arg4-isa inverse-relation-type-count non-negative-integer)
(comment inverse-relation-type-count "(inverse-relation-type-count SLOT COL1 COL2 NUM) means that, for every instance of COL2 (INS2) there are exactly NUM instances of COL1 (INS1, INS3, ...) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2), (SLOT INS3 INS2), ..., hold.  Thus (inverse-relation-type-count anatomical-parts animal head--animal-body-part 1) would mean `every animal head belongs to exactly one animal'.")

;;; inverse-relation-type-max
(isa inverse-relation-type-max quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inverse-relation-type-max binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inverse-relation-type-max collection)
(arg3-isa inverse-relation-type-max collection)
(arg4-isa inverse-relation-type-max non-negative-integer)
(comment inverse-relation-type-max "(inverse-relation-type-max SLOT COL1 COL2 NUM) means that, for every instance of COL2 (INS2) there are at most NUM instances of COL1 (INS1, INS3, ...) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2), (SLOT INS3 INS2), ..., hold.  Thus (inverse-relation-type-max physical-parts hand finger 1) means `every finger is part of at most one hand'.")

;;; inverse-relation-type-min
(isa inverse-relation-type-min quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa inverse-relation-type-min binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa inverse-relation-type-min collection)
(arg3-isa inverse-relation-type-min collection)
(arg4-isa inverse-relation-type-min non-negative-integer)
(comment inverse-relation-type-min "(inverse-relation-type-min SLOT COL1 COL2 NUM) means that, for every instance of COL2 (INS2) there are at least NUM instances of COL1 (INS1, INS3, ...) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2), (SLOT INS3 INS2), ..., hold.  Thus (inverse-relation-type-min children person human-child 1) means literally `every child is the child of at least one person' or `every child has at least one parent'.")

;;; isa
(not 
  (isa isa irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa isa reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa isa transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa isa taxonomic-slot-for-any-unit)
(isa isa default-monotonic-predicate)
(isa isa binary-predicate)
(genl-preds isa element-of)
(arg1-isa isa reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa isa collection)
(comment isa "(isa EL COL) means that EL is an element of the collection COL.   Cyc knows that isa distributes over genls; that is, if one asserts (isa EL COL) and (genls COL SUPER), Cyc will infer that (isa EL SUPER). Therefore, in practice one only manually asserts a small fraction of the isa assertions --- the vast majority are inferred automatically by Cyc.")
(overlapping-external-concept isa s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CLASS-ASCRIPTION")

;;; isolated-node-in-system
(isa isolated-node-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds isolated-node-in-system point-in-system)
(arg1-isa isolated-node-in-system thing)
(arg2-isa isolated-node-in-system thing)
(comment isolated-node-in-system "(isolated-node-in-system X SYS) means that the node X in the path-system SYS is an isolated point in SYS, i.e., X is not on any link or loop in the path-system SYS.  Note that an isolated point must be a node in SYS.")

;;; ist
(isa ist microtheory-predicate)
(isa ist binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa ist microtheory)
(arg2-isa ist cyc-formula)
(comment ist "(ist MICRO PROP) means that the Cyc assertion PROP is true in the Cyc microtheory MICRO.  E.g., one might assert (ist Image8093Mt (age lenat (years-duration 5)) to state that in the context of a certain photograph, Doug was 5 years old.  In other microtheories, Doug would have different ages, or not be `known about' at all.")

;;; ist--agreement
(isa ist--agreement binary-predicate)
(isa ist--agreement microtheory-predicate)
(genl-preds ist--agreement ist)
(arg1-isa ist--agreement agreement)
(arg2-isa ist--agreement cyc-formula)
(comment ist--agreement "The predicate ist--agreement is used to indicate the propositions which have been agreed upon in a particular agreement.  (ist--agreement AGR PROP) means that the proposition PROP is and should be true, according to the agreement AGR.  PROP is expressed as a cyc-formula and is considered true within the microtheory which represents AGR.  PROP may or may not be true in reality.
Note the distinction between ist and ist--agreement:  ist relates any particular microtheory to all assertions that happen to be true in that microtheory; but ist--agreement specially indicates those assertions in an agreement microtheory which belong to the agreement itself and are not just something that happens to be true in it (e.g., that one of the agreeing-agents is named Joe).")

;;; ist--information
(isa ist--information binary-predicate)
(isa ist--information microtheory-predicate)
(genl-preds ist--information ist)
(arg1-isa ist--information propositional-information-thing)
(arg2-isa ist--information cyc-formula)
(comment ist--information "This is a form of ist that applies to the explicit content of a chunk of information.  It is needed so we can distinguish between things that are true in an information context because they were explicitly stated, and things that are true because they can be inferred.")

;;; item-worn
(isa item-worn binary-predicate)
(isa item-worn role)
(arg1-isa item-worn wearing-something)
(arg2-isa item-worn something-to-wear)
(comment item-worn "The predicate item-worn is used to indicate a particular article of clothing (or other wearable item) that is worn in a particular situation.  (item-worn WEARING ITEM) means that ITEM is the clothing-item worn during the situation WEARING, an element of wearing-something (q.v.).")

;;; job-attributes
(isa job-attributes intangible-object-predicate)
(isa job-attributes binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa job-attributes occupation-type)
(arg2-isa job-attributes job-attribute)
(comment job-attributes "The predicate job-attributes describes a type of job as blue-collar, white-collar, unionized, etc.  (job-attributes JOBTYPE ATTRIBUTE) means that ATTRIBUTE describes a general property of the occupation-type JOBTYPE.  Note that this predicate talks about elements of occupation-type (kinds of occupations), not about a particular job held by some individual.")

;;; judicial-agents
(isa judicial-agents irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa judicial-agents asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa judicial-agents actor-slot)
(genl-preds judicial-agents mediators)
(arg1-isa judicial-agents social-occurrence)
(arg2-isa judicial-agents agent)
(comment judicial-agents "(judicial-agents EV JUDGE) means that the agent JUDGE is acting as a judge in the event EV.")

;;; junction-in-system
(isa junction-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds junction-in-system point-in-system)
(arg1-isa junction-in-system thing)
(arg2-isa junction-in-system thing)
(comment junction-in-system "(junction-in-system JUNCTION SYS) means that JUNCTION is a junction in the path-system SYS, i.e., a node in SYS that is an 'intersection' or 'branching point' of links or loops in SYS.  (For the case when no SYS is specified, see junction-of-paths.)  Formally, a node X in SYS is a junction in SYS iff either there are three (different) links in SYS such that X is on all of them, or there are two (different) loops in SYS such that X is on both of them, or there is a link in SYS and there is a loop in SYS such that X is on both of them.  For different kinds of junctions in a path system, see three-way-junction-in-system, four-way-junction-in-system.")

;;; knows
(isa knows propositional-attitude-slot)
(genl-preds knows beliefs)
(arg1-isa knows intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa knows cyc-formula)
(comment knows "(knows AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT believes the proposition PROP (represented by a cyc-formula), is sure about the truth of PROP (may or may not have a rational argument for PROP), and furthermore PROP is in fact true at least in the current context (microtheory).
Note: Knowledge is stronger than belief; it implies belief.  So if (knows AGT PROP), then (beliefs AGT PROP) is true.
Note: Knowledge is stronger than truth; it implies truth (in the current microtheory): if (knows AGT PROP), then PROP is true.
Note:  Opinion and knowledge are mutually exclusive: if (knows AGT PROP), then it is NOT true that (opinions AGT PROP).
Note: Knowledge implies awareness.  Since Abraham Lincoln died a century before we were born, it is impossible for (knows abraham-lincoln (likes-as-friend lenat mary-shepherd)) to hold, except in some fictional context.
")
(overlapping-external-concept knows s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "KNOW")

;;; knows-about
(isa knows-about binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa knows-about transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa knows-about symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa knows-about anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa knows-about asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa knows-about reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa knows-about irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(arg1-isa knows-about intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa knows-about thing)
(comment knows-about "(knows-about AGT X) means that the intelligent-agent AGT knows something about X.  This predicate represents more than simple awareness, but exactly what is known -- the content of AGT's knowledge about X -- is not specified.  Examples: (knows-about lenat cyc),  (knows-about michael-jordan basket-ball-game). 
Note: many commonsense rules can conclude (knows-about AGT X) -- e.g., those having to do with AGT's occupation, college degrees, city of residence,... in fact, almost any assertion about AGT can lead to presumptions that he/she probably knows-about something.  knows-about in turn can serve (weakly) in arguments about whether or not AGT knows (qv) specific common assertions involving X, and in arguments about whether or not AGT knows-value of some particular predicate applied to X, etc.")

;;; knows-value
(isa knows-value modal-relationship)
(isa knows-value ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa knows-value intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa knows-value thing)
(arg3-isa knows-value binary-predicate)
(comment knows-value "(knows-value AGT X PRED) means that, if (PRED X VAL) is true, then the agent ?AGT knows that; i.e., (knows AGT (PRED X VAL)).  E.g., this is a more compact way of expressing `people know their own date of birth' than if one had to use knows.  One could just write  (implies (isa ?A agent) (knows-value ?A ?A birth-date); presumably this would be asserted in a context (microtheory) in which all actions were performed by human beings, or else there would have to be an extra qualifier to that effect added to the rule.")

;;; language-of-communication
(isa language-of-communication role)
(isa language-of-communication functional-slot)
(arg1-isa language-of-communication communicating)
(arg2-isa language-of-communication language)
(comment language-of-communication "The predicate language-of-communication is used to indicate a language used by agents in a particular communication event.  (language-of-communication COM LANG) means that in the communicating COM, the information transferred is expressed in the language LANG.  LANG may be a natural language, a computer language, a musical system, or other symbolic system such as american-sign-language.")

;;; language-spoken
(isa language-spoken binary-predicate)
(genl-preds language-spoken has-comm-convention)
(genl-preds language-spoken knows-about)
(arg1-isa language-spoken intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa language-spoken natural-language)
(comment language-spoken "(language-spoken INTAGENT NATLANG) means the intelligent-agent INTAGENT speaks the natural human language NATLANG at least somewhat fluently.  The language must be speakable by humans, as are English, Latin, or Japanese, but not LISP, C or LINCOS.  So, for example, (language-spoken lenat english-language).   See natural-language.")

;;; last-name
(isa last-name binary-predicate)
(isa last-name intangible-object-predicate)
(genl-preds last-name name-of-agent)
(arg1-isa last-name person)
(arg2-isa last-name human-family-name-string)
(comment last-name "(last-name X STRNG) means that person X is known by the human-family-name-string STRNG as his or her last name (surname).  E.g., (last-name lenat ``Lenat'').  A person rarely has more than one last name at any one time.  Last names may change as a result of certain actions, such as marriages, deaths, etc., in various cultures.")

;;; last-sub-events
(isa last-sub-events sub-process-slot)
(genl-preds last-sub-events sub-events)
(genl-preds last-sub-events temporally-finished-by)
(arg1-isa last-sub-events event)
(arg2-isa last-sub-events event)
(comment last-sub-events "(last-sub-events ?X ?Y) implies (sub-events ?X ?Y) and (temporally-finished-by ?X ?Y).  For example, one Cyc axiom says that if ?X is a waging-war event, and (last-sub-events ?X ?Y) is true, and ?Y is a surrendering event, then the the identity of those for whom the war was successful-for-agents can be inferred from the particular roles that are played by the various parties during the surrender.  This is how one might infer, from Lee surrendering to Grant, that the South lost the American Civil War.")

;;; later-sub-abstractions
(isa later-sub-abstractions asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa later-sub-abstractions transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa later-sub-abstractions complex-temporal-relation)
(arg1-isa later-sub-abstractions something-existing)
(arg2-isa later-sub-abstractions something-existing)
(comment later-sub-abstractions "(later-sub-abstractions SUB1 SUB2) means that SUB1 and SUB2 are both a sub-abstrac of the same entity (i.e., (has-same-entity-as SUB1 SUB2)) and the sub-abstraction SUB2 starts sometime after the beginning of SUB1 (i.e., (starts-after-starting-of SUB2 SUB1)).  For example, richard-feynman while working on the Manhattan Project was a later-sub-abstractions than richard-feynman in his first year of graduate school at Princeton.")

;;; later-than
(isa later-than asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa later-than transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa later-than evaluatable-function)
(arg1-isa later-than date)
(arg2-isa later-than date)
(comment later-than "later-than is similar to greater-than, but takes dates as arguments.  (later-than DATE1 DATE2) is true when DATE1 and DATE2 are dates, and DATE1 starts after DATE2 is over.  later-than is evaluatable.")

;;; laws
(isa laws cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds laws cotemporal)
(arg1-isa laws geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa laws government-c-o-c)
(comment laws "The predicate laws is used to relate a geopolitical region (country, state, city, etc.) to a law or entire legal code which applies there.  (laws GEOPOL CODE) means that the geopolitical-entity GEOPOL officially has the law (or set of laws) CODE.  See also government-c-o-c for the representation of a law or a legal-code as a microtheory.")

;;; legally-capable-of
(isa legally-capable-of ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa legally-capable-of agent)
(arg2-isa legally-capable-of collection)
(arg2-genl legally-capable-of situation)
(arg3-isa legally-capable-of role)
(comment legally-capable-of "The predicate legally-capable-of indicates that an agent is legally able to take a certain role in a certain type of action.  (legally-capable-of AGT SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that the individual AGT is legally qualified and/or entitled to act in this ROLE in situations of the type SIT-TYPE.  For example, a person over 21 years of age is legally-capable-of smoking cigarettes in the United States.")

;;; length-of-object
(isa length-of-object physical-amount-slot)
(genl-preds length-of-object 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LINEAR-SIZE"))
(genl-preds length-of-object 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION"))
(arg1-isa length-of-object spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa length-of-object distance)
(comment length-of-object "(length-of-object OBJ LEN) means that the tangible object OBJ has a length LEN.  Which dimension counts as length depends upon the object's orientation (which may be intrinsic or determined relative to its environment).")

;;; level-with
(isa level-with transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa level-with reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa level-with spatial-predicate)
(isa level-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse level-with level-with)
(arg1-isa level-with partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa level-with partially-tangible)
(comment level-with "(level-with OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are roughly the same vertical distance from some horizontal surface in the frame of reference.")

;;; light-source
(isa light-source ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa light-source partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa light-source partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa light-source illumination-mode-attribute)
(comment light-source "The predicate light-source is used to indicate the source of an illumination falling on a particular object.  (light-source OBJ SOURCE MODE) means that OBJ is illuminated by SOURCE with the type of illumination (illumination-mode-attribute) MODE.")

;;; likes-as-friend
(isa likes-as-friend binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa likes-as-friend transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-as-friend symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-as-friend anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-as-friend asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-as-friend reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-as-friend irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds likes-as-friend likes-object)
(genl-preds likes-as-friend acquainted-with)
(arg1-isa likes-as-friend animal)
(arg2-isa likes-as-friend animal)
(comment likes-as-friend "(likes-as-friend AGT1 AGT2) means that AGT1 enjoys interacting socially with AGT2.  See also the feeling-attribute-types friendliness. 
Note: this predicate does not imply that AGT1 likes AGT2 only as a friend -- there may be romantic feelings, and other feelings, as well.")

;;; likes-object
(not 
  (isa likes-object irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-object reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-object asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-object anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-object symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-object transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa likes-object binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa likes-object animal)
(arg2-isa likes-object partially-tangible)
(comment likes-object "(likes-object AGT OBJ) means that when the sentient agent AGT is interacting in some way with OBJ, that agent feels some measure of enjoyment  --- that is, (feels-emotion AGT enjoyment).  The kind of interactions that produce enjoyment depend largely on what kind of thing OBJ is.  Thus, `Joe likes the Mona Lisa' implies that Joe feels enjoyment when viewing the Mona Lisa.  But `Joe likes pizza' implies that Joe feels enjoyment when eating that kind of food.  There are some specialized predicates of likes-object that give more information about the kind of interaction between AGT and OBJ that results in enjoyment; see, e.g., likes-sensorially and likes-as-friend.")

;;; likes-role-in-activity
(isa likes-role-in-activity ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa likes-role-in-activity agent)
(arg2-isa likes-role-in-activity actor-slot)
(arg3-isa likes-role-in-activity event)
(comment likes-role-in-activity "(likes-role-in-activity AGT ROLE EVT) means that if the agent AGT has the relation ROLE to the event EVT, then AGT is likely to feel some positive measure of enjoyment.  This predicate is useful to represent sentences such as `Joe likes running' or `Fred liked receiving the money'.")

;;; likes-sensorially
(not 
  (isa likes-sensorially irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-sensorially reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-sensorially asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-sensorially anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-sensorially symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa likes-sensorially transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa likes-sensorially binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa likes-sensorially perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa likes-sensorially sensory-attribute)
(comment likes-sensorially "(likes-sensorially AGT SENSUM) means that the perceptual-agent AGT derives some physical pleasure from the sensory experience of SENSUM (a taste, odor, or other sensory-attribute).")

;;; link-between-in-system
(isa link-between-in-system quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa link-between-in-system path--simple)
(arg2-isa link-between-in-system thing)
(arg3-isa link-between-in-system thing)
(arg4-isa link-between-in-system thing)
(comment link-between-in-system "(link-between-in-system LINK X Y SYS) means that in the path-system SYS, LINK (a link in SYS) has its two end points X and Y (nodes in SYS).  A link in a path system is one of the paths in the system whose end points are nodes in the system and that have no other nodes along them.  For each link LINK in SYS, there is a unique pair {X, Y} of different nodes in SYS such that (link-between-in-system LINK X Y SYS) and (link-between-in-system LINK Y X SYS) hold, and for two points (nodes) in SYS, there could be several different ('parallel') links between them.  No point in SYS that is not a node can be an end point of a link.  If node X is an end-point of LINK and (link-between-in-system LINK X Y SYS) holds, then (point-on-path X LINK) holds.  A link in SYS may have many points on it other than its end-points, but these points cannot be nodes in SYS (another way to put this is to say that there are exactly two nodes on a link, though there can be any number, greater than 1, of points on the link).  Only nodes in SYS can be 'intersection' point in SYS (see junction-in-system), which implies that there is, in the system SYS, no point on a link LINK between X and Y that is an 'intersection' point of LINK and another link or a loop.  When defining a path system, it is convenient (and also quite safe) to start with a name of the system, say SYS1 (with an assertion (isa SYS1 path-system)), and enter the names of links in SYS, say Link1, Link2 etc. (with assertions (isa Link1 path--simple) etc.), and then only enter assertions of the form (link-between-in-system LINK X Y SYS1) for each link in SYS1 and its end points X and Y--the rules related to a path systems will generate assertions like (node-in-system X SYS1), (point-in-system X SYS1), (link-in-system LINK SYS1) and (path-in-system LINK SYS1) etc.  If one later needs to add something else to the system, say a point A on a link LINK other than its end nodes X and Y, he/she may further enter (between-on-path A X Y LINK) and (point-in-system A SYS1) without changing anything else.  Note that (link-between-in-system LINK X Y SYS) is actually an abbreviation of (and (link-in-system LINK SYS) (node-in-system X SYS) (node-in-system Y SYS) (path-between LINK X Y)).")

;;; link-closed-sub-systems
(isa link-closed-sub-systems reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa link-closed-sub-systems transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa link-closed-sub-systems anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds link-closed-sub-systems sub-path-systems)
(arg1-isa link-closed-sub-systems thing)
(arg2-isa link-closed-sub-systems thing)
(comment link-closed-sub-systems "(link-closed-sub-systems SYS SUBSYS) means that the path system SUBSYS is a subsystem of the path system SYS (i.e., (sub-path-systems SYS SUBSYS) holds) and SUBSYS 'preserves' all links in SYS between nodes in SUBSYS, i.e., if (link-between-in-system LINK X Y SYS) holds and X and Y are in SUBSYS, LINK is a link in SUBSYS.")

;;; link-in-system
(isa link-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa link-in-system path--simple)
(arg2-isa link-in-system thing)
(comment link-in-system "(link-in-system LINK SYS) means that LINK is an instance of path--simple taken as a primitive path (called a link) in the path-system SYS.  For each link LINK in a path system SYS, there is a unique pair {X, Y} of different nodes in SYS (see node-in-system) such that X and Y are the two end-points of LINK in SYS.  Other 'points' can also be on LINK, but they cannot be nodes in SYS.  There can be no point on a link that is different from its end points but nevertheless on another link, i.e., no matter how many points there are on a particular link in a path system, none of them can be an 'intersection' (see junction-in-system) except the end points of the link, which are nodes in the system.  See link-between-in-system.  Each link in SYS is also a path in SYS, i.e., (link-in-system LINK SYS) implies (path-in-system LINK SYS).  Note that there is no general collection of all links.  Any path can be a link if you can somehow ignore the intersection points on it--it all depends on the path-system.")

;;; lisp-defun
(isa lisp-defun binary-predicate)
(isa lisp-defun functional-slot)
(isa lisp-defun relationship-predicate)
(arg1-isa lisp-defun evaluatable-function)
(arg2-isa lisp-defun cyc-system-symbol)
(comment lisp-defun "The Cyc predicate lisp-defun is used to relate an evaluatable Cyc function to the name of the piece of code that is used to evaluate it.  (lisp-defun E-FUN NAME) means that the cyc-system-symbol NAME is the name of a piece of Heuristic Level (SubL) code in the Cyc system which is used to compute the value of expressions containing the evaluatable-function E-FUN.")

;;; litigants
(isa litigants irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa litigants asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa litigants actor-slot)
(genl-preds litigants social-participants)
(arg1-isa litigants trial)
(arg2-isa litigants agent)
(comment litigants "(litigants ARG1 ARG2) means that the agent ARG2 is one of the contending parties in the lawsuit ARG1.")

;;; loop-in-system
(isa loop-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds loop-in-system cycle-in-system)
(arg1-isa loop-in-system path--generic)
(arg2-isa loop-in-system thing)
(comment loop-in-system "(loop-in-system LOOP SYS) means that LOOP is a 'loop' in SYS, which is like a link in SYS except that it has exactly one node on it as if it is a link whose two end nodes are the same.  Each loop in SYS is also a cycle in SYS, see cycle-in-system.  The differences between a loop and a (non-loop) cycle in SYS include that (i) there is exactly one point in SYS on a loop (which must be a node in SYS), but there may in general be any finite number of nodes (and even as many points as there are real numbers) on some (non-loop) cycle in SYS, and that (ii) The unique node in SYS on a loop may or may not be an end point of a link in SYS, but each node on a (non-loop) cycle in SYS must be an end point of at least two links in SYS.  These imply that there can be at most one 'intersection point' on a loop in SYS but there can be any finite number of 'intersection points' on a (non-loop) cycle in SYS.  See point-on-cycle and junction-in-system. Note that under current treatment of loops in a path system, if one would like to talk about a 'loop' in a path system a 'part' of which is a path in the system, then he/she should make it a cycle rather than a loop in the system because according to what we said above, no 'part' of a loop in the system can be presented as a path in the system.")

;;; loves
(isa loves binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa loves transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa loves symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa loves anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa loves asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa loves reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa loves irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds loves likes-as-friend)
(genl-preds loves positive-vested-interest)
(arg1-isa loves animal)
(arg2-isa loves agent)
(comment loves "(loves AGENT1 AGENT2) means AGENT1 loves AGENT2; AGENT2 has a strong emotional affect on AGENT1 whereby AGENT1 is usually loyal and devoted to and wishes well AGENT2, seeks AGENT2's companionship, and will incur substantial personal cost to help AGENT2.  Any agent can love any other agent, though there are specialized types of love which are restricted to two animals, two adult people, two corporations, a person and a corporation, etc.")

;;; made-by
(isa made-by binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa made-by product)
(arg2-isa made-by commercial-organization)
(comment made-by "The predicate made-by was used to indicate that a particular product was made by a particular company.  (made-by PROD COMORG) means that PROD, an individual instance of product, was manufactured by the commercial-organization COMORG.  Cf. makes-product-type.")

;;; main-constituent
(isa main-constituent composition-predicate)
(isa main-constituent functional-slot)
(isa main-constituent cotemporal-objects-slot)
(not 
  (isa main-constituent transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds main-constituent constituents)
(genl-preds main-constituent cotemporal)
(arg1-isa main-constituent partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa main-constituent partially-tangible)
(comment main-constituent "The predicate main-constituent is used to indicate the most significant portion of an element of existing-stuff-type that makes up a particular partially-tangible thing.  (main-constituent X Y) means that X's constituents include Y, and (as a default) the physical properties of the thing X are those of its main constituent, Y.  For example, for a particular instance of lemonade, there is an instance of water which is the main-constituent, and most of the physical properties of the lemonade derive from water.  On the other hand, a person is NOT considered to have some portion of water as main-constituent, even though much of a person's mass is water, because the physical properties of a person are not the same as those of water.")

;;; main-product
(not 
  (isa main-product irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa main-product reflexive-binary-predicate))
(isa main-product transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa main-product anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa main-product part-predicate)
(genl-preds main-product physical-parts)
(arg1-isa main-product formal-product)
(arg2-isa main-product product)
(comment main-product "The predicate main-product is used to identify the main item in a particular set of stuff that a customer gets when buying a packaged product.  (main-product FORM PROD) means that the particular product PROD is the main item of the formal-product FORM--as distinct from the accessories, agreements, packaging, literature, etc., that come along with it.")

;;; main-transportees
(isa main-transportees binary-predicate)
(genl-preds main-transportees transportees)
(arg1-isa main-transportees transportation-event)
(arg2-isa main-transportees partially-tangible)
(comment main-transportees "(mainTransportees TRAN MT) means that MT is one of the main transportees, or of the primary things intended to be transported (as opposed to incidentals), in the instance TRAN of TransportationEvent.")

;;; major-undertakings-of
(isa major-undertakings-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa major-undertakings-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa major-undertakings-of actor-slot)
(genl-preds major-undertakings-of temporally-intersects)
(genl-preds major-undertakings-of performed-by)
(arg1-isa major-undertakings-of action)
(arg2-isa major-undertakings-of agent)
(comment major-undertakings-of "(major-undertakings-of ACTION AGENT) means that AGENT consciously performed ACTION.  The success and consequence(s) of ACTION are important to AGENT.  As a result, for a sentient AGENT, failure usually results in AGENT feeling negative emotions, and success positive emotions.")

;;; makes-product-type
(isa makes-product-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa makes-product-type commercial-organization)
(arg2-isa makes-product-type product-type)
(arg2-genl makes-product-type product)
(comment makes-product-type "The predicate makes-product-type is used to indicate that a particular company makes a specific (i.e., type of) product.  (makes-product-type ORG PRODTYP) means that the commercial-organization ORG manufactures the product-type PRODTYP.  Cf. made-by.")

;;; male-parent-actor
(isa male-parent-actor irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa male-parent-actor anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa male-parent-actor asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa male-parent-actor actor-slot)
(isa male-parent-actor functional-slot)
(genl-preds male-parent-actor parent-actors)
(arg1-isa male-parent-actor biological-reproduction-event)
(arg2-isa male-parent-actor organism--whole)
(comment male-parent-actor "(male-parent-actor ?EVENT ?ORGANISM) means that ?ORGANISM is the male parent in the sexual-reproduction-event ?EVENT.")

;;; maleficiary
(isa maleficiary binary-predicate)
(genl-preds maleficiary pre-actors)
(arg1-isa maleficiary event)
(arg2-isa maleficiary agent)
(comment maleficiary "(maleficiary ACT AGT) means that the agent AGT is harmed by the occurrence of the action ACT.  That is, the interest or welfare of AGT is thwarted, blocked, or harmed in ACT.")

;;; malleability-of-object
(isa malleability-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa malleability-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa malleability-of-object solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa malleability-of-object malleability)
(comment malleability-of-object "(malleability-of-object OBJ DEGREE) indicates that the instance of solid-tangible-thing OBJ has the degree of malleability DEGREE.")

;;; marital-status
(isa marital-status functional-slot)
(arg1-isa marital-status person)
(arg2-isa marital-status marital-status-of-people)
(comment marital-status "(marital-status PRSN MSTAT) means person PRSN has the marital-status-of-people MSTAT.  The latter may be: married, widowed, single, etc.  E.g., (marital-status keith-richards married).  The marital status of a person depends on whether, and when, that person was married to another person, and how the marriage ended.")

;;; mass-number
(isa mass-number intangible-object-predicate)
(isa mass-number binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa mass-number english-word)
(arg2-isa mass-number character-string)
(comment mass-number "(mass-number WORD STRING) means that STRING is the mass noun form of WORD.  For example, `paper' is the mass noun form of paper--the-word.")

;;; mass-of-object
(isa mass-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa mass-of-object physical-amount-slot)
(arg1-isa mass-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa mass-of-object mass)
(comment mass-of-object "(mass-of-object OBJ MASS) means that the tangible object OBJ has mass MASS.")

;;; mate
(isa mate cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa mate anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa mate inter-personal-relation-slot)
(isa mate symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa mate transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds mate positive-vested-interest)
(genl-preds mate friends)
(genl-inverse mate mate)
(arg1-isa mate animal)
(arg2-isa mate animal)
(comment mate "(mate ANIM1 ANIM2) means ANIM1 and ANIM2 mate (at least once) from time to time.")
(comment mate "(mate PER1 PER2) means that PER1 and PER2 are long-term companions.  More general in meaning than spouse, this can also be used to refer to one's `significant other(s)', including boyfriend(s), girlfriend(s), one's partner in a gay relationship, etc.  The assumption in the human-social-life-mt is that mates are bound together by relatively enduring emotional ties.")
(comment mate "(mate PERSON1 PERSON2) means that PERSON1 and PERSON2 are mates and long-term monogamous companions.  In the anglo-american-social-life-mt each person has at most only one mate at a time.  Hence, this predicate has single-entry arguments.")

;;; max-quant-value
(isa max-quant-value relationship-predicate)
(isa max-quant-value reflexive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa max-quant-value scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa max-quant-value scalar-point-value)
(comment max-quant-value "(max-quant-value SCALAR POINT) means that the upper limit of the quantity SCALAR is POINT, an element of scalar-point-value.  SCALAR is an element of scalar-interval.  For example, the max-quant-value for the pay of mail room employees might be (dollars-per-hour 6.5); e.g., (max-quant-value `MailPay' (dollars-per-hour 6.5)).  Another example: (max-quant-value (unity 5 10) 10).")

;;; maximal-connected-sub-systems
(isa maximal-connected-sub-systems anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa maximal-connected-sub-systems transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds maximal-connected-sub-systems link-closed-sub-systems)
(genl-preds maximal-connected-sub-systems point-closed-sub-systems)
(arg1-isa maximal-connected-sub-systems thing)
(arg2-isa maximal-connected-sub-systems connected-path-system)
(comment maximal-connected-sub-systems "(maximal-connected-sub-systems SYS SUB) means that SUB is a 'maximal' connected subsystem of SYS, i.e., that SUB is an entire connected piece of SYS without other disconnected pieces of SYS.  That is to say, (i) SUB is a connected path system, and consequently must have at least one node, say NODE, in it, and (ii) SUB is a subsystem of SYS, and (iii) for every connected subsystem SUB1 of SYS containing NODE, SUB1 is a subsystem of SUB.  Thus a maximal connected subsystem SUB of a path system SYS must satisfy the conditions that (a) for each point X in SUB and each point Y in SYS that is not in SUB, X and Y are not connected in SYS, and that (b) for any nodes X and Y in SUB, for any link LINK in SYS between X and Y, LINK must also be in SUB, and that (c) for each point X in SYS, if X is on a link in SYS which is also a link in SUB, then X must also be in SUB.  It follows that if SUB is a maximal connected subsystem of SYS, SUB must be a link-closed subsystem as well as a point-closed subsystem of SYS.  Another consequence is that if SUB is a maximal connected subsystem of SYS, and if X is a point in SUB and is on a loop in SYS, then the loop must also be in SUB.")

;;; measure
(isa measure interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa measure temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa measure time--quantity)
(comment measure "(measure ?X ?Y) indicates that ?Y is total elapsed time from the start of ?X to its end.  For continuous temporal-things, the measure of the object is the same as its duration (qv).  But if the temporal-thing is discontinuous, then the measure will be greater than the duration.  For example, `GeorgeWashingtonSleeping' has a measure that is about three times as long as its duration, assuming he slept about 8 hours a night.  Note:  Unfortunately, in some disciplines, such as Real Analysis, these two terms' definitions are switched!  In such contexts, one could assert to Cyc that the preferred denotation of duration was measure--the-word, and that the preferred denotation of measure was duration--the-word, but notice that the two concepts --- measure and duration --- are still distinct and useful in that discipline, they just happen to have different names there.")

;;; mediators
(isa mediators actor-slot)
(isa mediators asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa mediators irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds mediators social-participants)
(arg1-isa mediators social-occurrence)
(arg2-isa mediators agent)
(comment mediators "The facilitators of a process including the agents, brokers, or mediators that assist in arranging a contract, transaction, or agreement among several parties.")

;;; member-of-species
(isa member-of-species functional-slot)
(genl-preds member-of-species isa)
(arg1-isa member-of-species organism--whole)
(arg2-isa member-of-species biological-species)
(arg2-genl member-of-species organism--whole)
(comment member-of-species "(member-of-species ORG SPECIES) means that the organism ORG is a member of the biological-species SPECIES.")

;;; member-of-this-political-party
(isa member-of-this-political-party taxonomic-slot)
(genl-preds member-of-this-political-party has-members)
(arg1-isa member-of-this-political-party political-party)
(arg2-isa member-of-this-political-party human-adult)
(comment member-of-this-political-party "(member-of-this-political-party PARTY PERS) means that person PERS is a (registered) member of political-party PARTY.  For example, (member-of-this-political-party democratic-party bill-clinton).")

;;; middle-name
(isa middle-name binary-predicate)
(isa middle-name intangible-object-predicate)
(genl-preds middle-name name-of-agent)
(arg1-isa middle-name person)
(arg2-isa middle-name human-given-name-string)
(comment middle-name "(middle-name X STRNG) means that person X is known by the human-given-name-string STRNG as his or her middle name.  E.g., (middle-name lenat ``Bruce'').  A person rarely has more than one middle name.  In some cultures, when a wedding occurs, one party changes their middle name to whatever their last-name used to be, thus leading to cases where the person's new middle name is actually a human-family-name-string rather than a human-given-name-string --- the same is true in some cultures when an infant is born and given, as a middle name, the last name of a grandparent (other than the infant's last name).")

;;; min-quant-value
(isa min-quant-value relationship-predicate)
(isa min-quant-value reflexive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa min-quant-value scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa min-quant-value scalar-point-value)
(comment min-quant-value "(min-quant-value SCALAR POINT) means that the lower limit of SCALAR is POINT, an element of scalar-point-value.  SCALAR is an element of scalar-interval.  For example, the min-quant-value for the pay of mail room employees might be (dollars-per-hour 4.5); e.g., (min-quant-value `MailPay' (dollars-per-hour 4.5)).  Another example: (min-quant-value (unity 5 10) 5).")

;;; monetary-value
(isa monetary-value interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa monetary-value something-existing)
(arg2-isa monetary-value money)
(comment monetary-value "The value of an element of something-existing. For the time being, expressed in a monetary curency.")

;;; money-transfer-mode
(isa money-transfer-mode binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa money-transfer-mode money-transfer)
(arg2-isa money-transfer-mode money-tender-type)
(arg2-genl money-transfer-mode tender-object)
(comment money-transfer-mode "(money-transfer-mode TRANSACTION
TYPE) means that in some particular money transfer TRANSACTION,
the money-tender-type used in that transaction was TYPE, e.g.,
credit-card, check--tender-object, etc.")

;;; money-transferred
(isa money-transferred role)
(isa money-transferred interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa money-transferred cost-breakdown-slot)
(arg1-isa money-transferred buying)
(arg1-isa money-transferred money-transfer)
(arg2-isa money-transferred money)
(comment money-transferred "This predicate indicates the amount of money involved in a particular transfer of funds.  (money-transferred TRANS MONEY) means that MONEY is the quantity of money transferred in the money transfer event TRANS.  
Note: MONEY is distinct from the physical tender-objects (q.v.) used to accomplish that transfer (cf. object-tendered).  For example, the money-transferred to pay a car payment might be the amount US$400, while the object-tendered in the paying is an instance of check--tender-object.")

;;; mother
(isa mother asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa mother cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa mother anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa mother family-relation-slot)
(not 
  (isa mother transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds mother biological-mother)
(genl-preds mother cotemporal)
(arg1-isa mother animal)
(arg2-isa mother female-animal)
(comment mother "(mother CHILD MOM) means MOM is one of the persons who fulfill the role of mother for CHILD.  This may or may not include CHILD's biological mother, and might include CHILD's step mother(s) or foster mother(s).")
(comment mother "(mother OFFSPRING FEMALE) means that the female-animal FEMALE is the female biological parent of the animal OFFSPRING



.")

;;; mt-inference-function
(isa mt-inference-function binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa mt-inference-function microtheory)
(arg2-isa mt-inference-function cyc-system-symbol)
(comment mt-inference-function "The function which is used to perform inference within this microtheory.")

;;; multiplication-units
(isa multiplication-units ternary-predicate)
(isa multiplication-units bookkeeping-predicate)
(arg1-isa multiplication-units unit-of-measure)
(arg2-isa multiplication-units unit-of-measure)
(arg3-isa multiplication-units unit-of-measure)
(comment multiplication-units "The Cyc predicate multiplication-units is used to state what measurement units should be used for the product of two physical quantities, given the units measuring each of the quantities multiplied.  (multiplication-units UM-1 UM-2 PROD-UM) means that the value of (times-fn (UM-1 x) (UM-2 y)) should be given in the units PROD-UM.  For example, (multiplication-units mile mile square-mile).  See also unit-of-measure, times-fn.")

;;; my-creation-time
(isa my-creation-time binary-predicate)
(isa my-creation-time bookkeeping-predicate)
(arg1-isa my-creation-time reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa my-creation-time positive-integer)
(comment my-creation-time "(my-creation-time X TIME) means that the constant X was created at time TIME.  TIME is not, however, an instance of date.  This assertion is not intended for inference, only for documentation, so the format is a simple one, designed for human readability and for use by internal Cyc functions.  The format of TIME is YYYYMMDD, so for example, 19870911 is September 11, 1987.")

;;; my-creator
(isa my-creator binary-predicate)
(isa my-creator bookkeeping-predicate)
(arg1-isa my-creator reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa my-creator cyclist)
(comment my-creator "(my-creator X Y) means that Y is the constant representing the person who introduced the constant X into the Cyc vocabulary. In general, the editing interfaces to the Cyc KB only allow the KB to be modified when an instance of cyclist is designated as the author of the changes.")

;;; my-entity
(isa my-entity functional-slot)
(isa my-entity inter-existing-object-slot)
(genl-inverse my-entity sub-abstrac)
(arg1-isa my-entity something-existing)
(arg2-isa my-entity entity)
(comment my-entity "(my-entity ?X ?Y) indicates that ?Y is an entity (qv) and that ?X is some subabstraction of ?Y.  That is, (sub-abstrac ?Y ?X).  Note that each something-existing ?X will generally have one unique entity ?Y of which it is a sub-abstrac.  E.g., (my-entity AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton AlbertEinstein).")

;;; name-of-agent
(isa name-of-agent intangible-object-predicate)
(isa name-of-agent binary-predicate)
(genl-preds name-of-agent name-string)
(arg1-isa name-of-agent agent)
(arg2-isa name-of-agent proper-name-string)
(comment name-of-agent "(name-of-agent AGT STRING) means STRING is the name(s) of AGT.  AGT can be a person, animal, organization, etc.  In most contexts, this means that AGT may normally be called STRING, in that context, and should therefore include their salutation if the context is a formal one, should omit their last-name if it is unambiguous and the context is an intimate one, etc..")

;;; name-string
(isa name-string binary-predicate)
(isa name-string intangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa name-string reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa name-string proper-name-string)
(comment name-string "(name-string THING STRING) means that
the name of the thing THING is the string STRING. Use it to connect
constants or NATS with their names. For agents, use the more 
specific predicate name-of-agent.")
(synonymous-external-concept name-string s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAME-RELATION")
(synonymous-external-concept name-string s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAME-OF")

;;; native-language
(isa native-language binary-predicate)
(genl-preds native-language language-spoken)
(arg1-isa native-language person)
(arg2-isa native-language language)
(comment native-language "The first language spoken by a person.  EntryFormat is set-the-format, to cover cases of bi-lingual childhoods.")

;;; near
(isa near symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa near spatial-predicate)
(isa near irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa near transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse near near)
(arg1-isa near spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa near spatial-thing)
(comment near "(near THIS THAT) means that the distance between THIS and THAT doesn't exceed the maximum dimension of the smaller object.  Thus, two pebbles one mile apart would not be near each other, but a pebble one centimeter above the earth would be near the earth.")

;;; negation-attribute
(isa negation-attribute irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa negation-attribute symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa negation-attribute transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse negation-attribute negation-attribute)
(arg1-isa negation-attribute attribute-value)
(arg2-isa negation-attribute attribute-value)
(comment negation-attribute "(negation-attribute ATT1 ATT2) means that a thing cannot have both ATT1 and ATT2 as attributes at the same or overlapping times.")

;;; negation-inverse
(isa negation-inverse irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa negation-inverse symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa negation-inverse rule-macro-predicate)
(not 
  (isa negation-inverse transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse negation-inverse negation-inverse)
(arg1-isa negation-inverse binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa negation-inverse binary-predicate)
(comment negation-inverse "The predicate negation-inverse is used to describe a relationship between some elements of binary-predicate.  (negation-inverse PRED INV) means that if PRED holds between a pair of items <X,Y>, then INV does NOT hold between the inverted pair <Y,X>.  In other words, negation-inverse is syntactic shorthand for (implies (PRED X Y) (not (INV Y X))).  Note that PRED and INV may take the same value; e.g., (negation-inverse father father) is true and means that if X's father is Y, then X is NOT Y's father.  Thus, negation-inverse is true for all elements of asymmetric-binary-predicate.")

;;; negation-preds
(isa negation-preds symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa negation-preds rule-macro-predicate)
(not 
  (isa negation-preds transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse negation-preds negation-preds)
(arg1-isa negation-preds predicate)
(arg2-isa negation-preds predicate)
(comment negation-preds "The predicate negation-preds is used to represent a relation between some elements of predicate.  (negation-preds PRED1 PRED2) means that PRED1 is a negation of PRED2 in the sense that any tuple in the extension of PRED1 is NOT also a tuple in the extension of PRED1.  In other words, (negation-preds PRED1 PRED2) is shorthand for (implies (PRED1 {arg-list}) (not (PRED2 {arg-list}))).  For example, (negation-preds transportees transporter).")

;;; negative-vested-interest
(not 
  (isa negative-vested-interest irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa negative-vested-interest reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa negative-vested-interest transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa negative-vested-interest binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa negative-vested-interest agent)
(arg2-isa negative-vested-interest temporal-thing)
(comment negative-vested-interest "(negative-vested-interest  AGT OBJ) means agent AGT has a negative interest in the object OBJ or in the good fortune of OBJ, and a positive interest in its misfortune.  Generally, AGT will be helped or pleased by the destruction, diminution, weakening, or retarding of OBJ, and will be hurt or displeased if OBJ is preserved or enhanced.  See positive-vested-interest.")

;;; non-deliberate-actors
(isa non-deliberate-actors actor-slot)
(genl-preds non-deliberate-actors actors)
(arg1-isa non-deliberate-actors event)
(arg2-isa non-deliberate-actors partially-tangible)
(comment non-deliberate-actors "(non-deliberate-actors ACT ACTR) means that ACTR has a role in the event ACT but is not acting deliberately.  Examples: (1) President john-kennedy was a non-deliberate-actors in his assassination; (2) a person is a non-deliberate-actors in his/her own autonomic bodily functioning (e.g., heart beating, digesting); (3) Mount vesuvius--volcano was a non-deliberate-actors in the event of its eruption that destroyed Pompeii.  non-deliberate-actors is a negative specification of the role an actor has in an event; the role of particular non-deliberate-actors might be further specified positively, e.g., with bodily-acted-on or bodily-doer.")

;;; non-volitional-result--r-s-t
(isa non-volitional-result--r-s-t r-s-t-relation)
(isa non-volitional-result--r-s-t asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa non-volitional-result--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(arg2-isa non-volitional-result--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(comment non-volitional-result--r-s-t "The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which could be a nonvolitional cause of ARG2.")
(synonymous-external-concept non-volitional-result--r-s-t s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RST-NONVOLITIONAL-RESULT")

;;; north-of
(isa north-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa north-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa north-of geographical-region)
(arg2-isa north-of geographical-region)
(comment north-of "(north-of REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the geographical-region REGION-1 is to the north of the geographical-region REGION-2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference.  Note that REGION-2 is therefore south of REGION-1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `south of'.  Example: (north-of city-of-philadelphia-p-a city-of-washington-d-c).")

;;; northeast-of
(isa northeast-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa northeast-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa northeast-of geographical-region)
(arg2-isa northeast-of geographical-region)
(comment northeast-of "(northeast-of REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the geographical-region REGION-1 is to the north-east of the geographical-region REGION-2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference.  Note that REGION-2 is therefore southwest of REGION-1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `southwest of'.  Example: (northeast-of philippines taiwan--republic-of-china).")

;;; northwest-of
(isa northwest-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa northwest-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa northwest-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa northwest-of geographical-region)
(arg2-isa northwest-of geographical-region)
(comment northwest-of "(northwest-of REGION-1 REGION-2) means that the geographical-region REGION-1 is to the northwest of the geographical-region REGION-2, when viewed in the terrestrial frame of reference.  Note that REGION-2 is therefore southeast of REGION-1; thus, no distinct predicate is needed to represent `southeast of'.  Example: (northwest-of united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland france).")

;;; not
(isa not logical-connective)
(isa not relationship)
(arg1-isa not cyc-formula)
(comment not "The predicate not is the negation operator in Cyc.  not takes a single element of cyc-formula as its argument.  (not FORM) is true if and only if the formula FORM is false in Cyc.")

;;; notices
(isa notices propositional-attitude-slot)
(genl-preds notices beliefs)
(arg1-isa notices intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa notices cyc-formula)
(comment notices "(notices AGT PROP) means that
AGT believes the proposition PROP because AGT has seen, heard,
smelled, etc. PROP via some element of perceiving.  Although
(notices AGT PROP) implies (beliefs AGT PROP) {via the assertion
(genl-preds notices beliefs)}, exceptions occur if AGT believes
they have been hallucinating or drugged, for example.  The predicate
beliefs, unlike notices, can include propositions gathered through
inferring, dreaming, intuiting.  The temporal extent of (notices AGT
PROP) is at least a 'short time' following the perceiving of PROP.
The extent of this time is a function of the type of fact perceived
noticed, when forgetting or other overriding information comes into
play.")

;;; num-inhabitants
(isa num-inhabitants interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa num-inhabitants intangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa num-inhabitants geographical-region)
(arg1-isa num-inhabitants agent)
(arg2-isa num-inhabitants integer)
(comment num-inhabitants "The predicate num-inhabitants is used to indicate the number of people living in a region.  (num-inhabitants REGION NUMBER) means that the geographical-agent REGION has this integer NUMBER of inhabitants.  Note that, for any particular country, NUMBER is not necessarily the same as the number of its citizens, since citizens may be living abroad, and aliens may be residing in the country.  Examples: (num-inhabitants city-of-rome-italy 2800000); (num-inhabitants city-of-tokyo-japan 8300000).")

;;; numerically-equal
(isa numerically-equal transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa numerically-equal reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa numerically-equal symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa numerically-equal evaluatable-function)
(isa numerically-equal numeric-comparison)
(genl-inverse numerically-equal numerically-equal)
(arg1-isa numerically-equal scalar-interval)
(arg2-isa numerically-equal scalar-interval)
(comment numerically-equal "The predicate numerically-equal is Cyc's representation of the equals ( = ) of arithmetic, adapted to use with Cyc's scalars, which include quantitative intervals as well as point values.  For any two instances of scalar-interval, (numerically-equal SI-1 SI-2) means that the minimum of SI-1 is equal to the mininum of SI-2 and that the maximum of SI-1 is equal to the maximum of SI-2.  See also scalar-interval.")
(synonymous-external-concept numerically-equal s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "EXACTLY")

;;; object-acted-on
(isa object-acted-on irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa object-acted-on actor-slot)
(isa object-acted-on asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-acted-on pre-actors)
(arg1-isa object-acted-on event)
(arg2-isa object-acted-on something-existing)
(comment object-acted-on "The predicate object-acted-on is used to relate an event to an entity (or entities) significantly affected in that event.  That entity must exist before the event, but may be either destroyed in the event (see inputs-destroyed), or merely affected by it (e.g., see damages, object-of-state-change). (object-acted-on EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is altered or affected in EVENT, and the change that OBJECT undergoes is central or focal to understanding EVENT.  Thus, scissors are NOT an object-acted-on in a hair-cutting-event.  The focal change in a haircut is hair getting shorter; thus, hair is a legitimate object-acted-on in a hair-cutting-event.  The almost microscopic dulling that scissors undergo in a single haircut is a comparatively insignificant change with respect to a single haircut, considered as a hair-cutting-event.  

Note: long-term effects of usage on devices should be axiomatized in connection with using-a-fn constants.")
(synonymous-external-concept object-acted-on s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ACTEE")

;;; object-controlled
(isa object-controlled asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa object-controlled actor-slot)
(genl-preds object-controlled object-acted-on)
(arg1-isa object-controlled controlling-something)
(arg2-isa object-controlled partially-tangible)
(comment object-controlled "This predicate is used to indicate that a particular object is being controlled in a particular event.  (object-controlled EVENT OBJ) means that the object OBJ is being controlled in the event EVENT.
Note: object-controlled does not assume or require physical contact between controller and object controlled.")

;;; object-emitted
(isa object-emitted actor-slot)
(isa object-emitted asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-emitted object-moving)
(arg1-isa object-emitted emitting-an-object)
(arg2-isa object-emitted partially-tangible)
(comment object-emitted "This predicate is used in connection with particular instances of emitting-an-object, to identify the object which `comes out' during the event.  (object-emitted EMIT OBJ) means that OBJ is emitted from the emitter during the emission event EMIT.  The object-emitted is also an object-moving in EMIT.  For example, in a particular human birth-event, some particular human-infant is an object-emitted.")

;;; object-found-in-location
(isa object-found-in-location reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa object-found-in-location transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa object-found-in-location cotemporal-objects-slot)
(not 
  (isa object-found-in-location symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa object-found-in-location anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa object-found-in-location asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds object-found-in-location in-region)
(genl-preds object-found-in-location cotemporal)
(arg1-isa object-found-in-location partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa object-found-in-location spatial-thing)
(comment object-found-in-location "(object-found-in-location OBJ LOC) means that OBJ has the location LOC. OBJ is not a part of LOC.  Examples: the arc-de-triomphe is located in the city-of-paris-france; the alaskan-pipeline is found in alaska--state; the town-of-gettysburg-p-a is located in the Eastern region of Pennsylvania (note that the town's territory is part of Pennsylvania, but the town as a social organization is distinct).  See also the comment on in-region.  Cf., for cases where OBJ is a spatial part of LOC, physical-decompositions, geographical-sub-regions.")

;;; object-moving
(isa object-moving actor-slot)
(isa object-moving asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-moving transferred-thing)
(genl-preds object-moving temporally-intersects)
(arg1-isa object-moving movement-event)
(arg2-isa object-moving partially-tangible)
(comment object-moving "The predicate object-moving is used to refer to an object which is moving in a particular movement-event.  (object-moving MOVE OBJECT) means that OBJECT is in motion at some point during the movement-event MOVE and this movement is focal in MOVE.  In some cases, such as an instance of locomotion-event, OBJECT causes MOVE directly.  OBJECT's motion in MOVE may be translational, rotational, or some combination of these.  OBJECT may be a solid -- such as an animal, an automobile, or a tennis ball -- or a fluid, such as lava flowing or a warm air mass rising.")

;;; object-of-possession-transfer
(isa object-of-possession-transfer actor-slot)
(isa object-of-possession-transfer asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-of-possession-transfer transferred-thing)
(arg1-isa object-of-possession-transfer change-in-user-rights)
(arg2-isa object-of-possession-transfer something-existing)
(comment object-of-possession-transfer "The predicate object-of-possession-transfer identifies the object which `changes hands' in a particular event wherein some user's rights to it are changed.  (object-of-possession-transfer EVENT OBJECT) means that in EVENT, all or some rights to use OBJECT are transferred from one agent (the from-possessor) to another (the to-possessor).  EVENT is an element of change-in-user-rights (q.v.), for example, a buying, renting, lending, repossessing, etc.")

;;; object-of-state-change
(isa object-of-state-change actor-slot)
(isa object-of-state-change asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa object-of-state-change anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-of-state-change object-acted-on)
(genl-preds object-of-state-change post-actors)
(arg1-isa object-of-state-change intrinsic-state-change-event)
(arg2-isa object-of-state-change partially-tangible)
(comment object-of-state-change "The predicate object-of-state-change is used to identify the object of an instance of intrinsic-state-change-event.  (object-of-state-change EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is an entity that undergoes some kind of intrinsic change of state in EVENT.  OBJECT exists before EVENT, is directly involved in EVENT, and persists after EVENT.  (Accordingly, this predicate inherits the genl-preds pre-actors and post-actors through object-acted-on.)  The change which OBJECT undergoes is internal or intrinsic; this predicate is not used for extrinsic changes, e.g., in location, orientation, ownership, status, etc.  



Note: If OBJECT were destroyed by EVENT and went out of existence in the course of EVENT, then the right predicate to use would be inputs-destroyed, rather than object-of-state-change.")

;;; object-paid-for
(isa object-paid-for actor-slot)
(genl-preds object-paid-for object-of-possession-transfer)
(arg1-isa object-paid-for monetary-exchange-of-user-rights)
(arg2-isa object-paid-for something-existing)
(comment object-paid-for "(object-paid-for EVENT OBJECT) means that in the monetary-exchange-of-user-rights EVENT, the right to possess OBJECT is transferred from one agent to another.  OBJ is not the object-tendered but the goods that are bought or rented.")

;;; object-removed
(isa object-removed actor-slot)
(isa object-removed asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-removed object-moving)
(genl-preds object-removed object-acted-on)
(genl-preds object-removed post-actors)
(arg1-isa object-removed removing-something)
(arg2-isa object-removed partially-tangible)
(comment object-removed "(object-removed REMOVING OBJ) means OBJ is removed from its previous location in the removing event REMOVING.  The force that does the REMOVING comes from some other object than OBJ.")

;;; object-selected
(isa object-selected actor-slot)
(isa object-selected functional-slot)
(genl-preds object-selected actors)
(arg1-isa object-selected purposeful-action)
(arg1-isa object-selected human-activity)
(arg2-isa object-selected individual)
(comment object-selected "(object-selected SEL OBJ) means that OBJ is the object that is chosen in the event SEL, an instance of selecting-something.  If what is selected in SEL is a collection, rather than an individual object, then use the predicate activity-object-type to represent the object of SEL.")

;;; object-taken-care-of
(isa object-taken-care-of actor-slot)
(isa object-taken-care-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa object-taken-care-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-taken-care-of object-acted-on)
(genl-preds object-taken-care-of post-actors)
(arg1-isa object-taken-care-of purposeful-action)
(arg1-isa object-taken-care-of action-on-object)
(arg1-isa object-taken-care-of human-activity)
(arg2-isa object-taken-care-of something-existing)
(comment object-taken-care-of "(object-taken-care-of EV OBJ) means that OBJ is acted on in EV by some agent in order to maintain, preserve, or promote the health
or good condition of OBJ.")

;;; object-tendered
(isa object-tendered irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa object-tendered asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa object-tendered actor-slot)
(genl-preds object-tendered object-of-possession-transfer)
(arg1-isa object-tendered money-transfer)
(arg2-isa object-tendered tender-object)
(comment object-tendered "This predicate indicates the financial instrument which is used in a particular transfer of money.  (object-tendered TRANS OBJECT) means that the tender-object OBJECT is used to transfer funds in the money-transfer event TRANS.  See also tender-object.
Note: OBJECT is distinct from the quantity of money transferred (see money-transferred) although of course OBJECT has some value --- is `worth' a certain amount, generally calculated from the numbers printed or stamped or engraved on the tender-object OBJECT --- which in turn is an element of money.")

;;; object-tested
(isa object-tested asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds object-tested object-acted-on)
(arg1-isa object-tested purposeful-action)
(arg1-isa object-tested thinking)
(arg2-isa object-tested partially-tangible)
(comment object-tested "(object-tested EVAL OBJ) mean that OBJ is the specific object or portion being tested in EVAL.  For example, if someone has a blood test, then the object tested is the portion of blood used to run the test fulfulls the role of object-tested, rather than the person or the collection of that person's blood.")

;;; objects-in-contact
(isa objects-in-contact ternary-predicate)
(isa objects-in-contact role)
(arg1-isa objects-in-contact physical-contact-situation)
(arg2-isa objects-in-contact partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa objects-in-contact partially-tangible)
(comment objects-in-contact "The predicate objects-in-contact indicates that two objects physically touch in a particular physical-contact-situation.  (objects-in-contact SIT OBJ-1 OBJ-2) means that OBJ-1 and OBJ-2 are in contact in the physical-contact-situation SIT.  For example, a clothing-item and its wearer are objects-in-contact during the wearing.  A father and son in a carrying-piggyback event are objects-in-contact.  (objects-in-contact SIT OBJ-1 OBJ-2) entails (holds-in SIT (touches OBJ-1 OBJ-2)); touches covers both direct touching and touching indirectly (i.e., through a thin layer, e.g., through clothing).")

;;; obscures-from
(isa obscures-from ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa obscures-from partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa obscures-from partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa obscures-from agent)
(comment obscures-from "(obscuresFrom OBJ1 OBJ2 OBJ3) means that OBJ1 visually blocks OBJ2 from OBJ3's view.")

;;; occurrences-per-period
(isa occurrences-per-period ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa occurrences-per-period temporal-object-type)
(arg2-isa occurrences-per-period temporal-object-type)
(arg3-isa occurrences-per-period integer)
(comment occurrences-per-period "(occurrences-per-period ?X ?Y ?N) indicates that ?N instances of ?X occur during each instance of ?Y.  For example, to indicate that there are seven calendar days in each calendar week, we would write the axiom (occurrences-per-period calendar-day calendar-week 7).")

;;; officiator
(isa officiator irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa officiator asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa officiator actor-slot)
(genl-preds officiator social-participants)
(arg1-isa officiator social-occurrence)
(arg2-isa officiator agent)
(comment officiator "The predicate officiator points to the agent who performs official functions at an event. For example, it is used to indicate the person who plays the role of a priest or justice of the peace at a wedding; also, a master of ceremonies, a judge, a referee.  An officiator is one of the performers at the social event where s/he officiates, usually not the only one.")

;;; offspring-actors
(isa offspring-actors actor-slot)
(genl-preds offspring-actors outputs-created)
(arg1-isa offspring-actors biological-reproduction-event)
(arg2-isa offspring-actors biological-living-object)
(comment offspring-actors "(offspring-actors EVENT ORGANISM) means that ORGANISM is an offspring created in the biological-reproduction-event EVENT .")

;;; oil-solubility
(isa oil-solubility interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa oil-solubility tangible-object-predicate)
(isa oil-solubility physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa oil-solubility partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa oil-solubility solubility)
(comment oil-solubility "(oil-solubility OBJ DEGREE) means that the particular tangible OBJ has this DEGREE of solubility in oil.")

;;; old-constant-name
(isa old-constant-name binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa old-constant-name thing)
(arg2-isa old-constant-name cyc-system-string)
(comment old-constant-name "If this constant has been renamed after Oct 95, and if the system variable cyc::*note-old-constant-name* is set to t on the machine on which the name change occurred, then this slot automatically records the most recent name that this constant had.")

;;; on--physical
(not 
  (isa on--physical asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa on--physical irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa on--physical spatial-predicate)
(not 
  (isa on--physical transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa on--physical symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa on--physical anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds on--physical above--touching)
(genl-preds on--physical supported-by)
(arg1-isa on--physical partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa on--physical partially-tangible)
(comment on--physical "(on--physical OVER UNDER) means that the object OVER is above, supported by, and touching the object UNDER.  OVER and UNDER may be at rest or in motion, or one may be in motion and the other at rest (relative to it).  Examples: a person on a bicycle; groceries on a checkout conveyor belt; a statue on a pedestal.  Note that only touches (and not touches-directly) is implied.")

;;; on-line
(isa on-line binary-predicate)
(isa on-line spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds on-line spatially-intersects)
(arg1-isa on-line spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa on-line line)
(comment on-line "(on-line OBJ LINE) means that OBJ is an object or region with one or more dimensions much smaller than the length of the line LINE, and OBJ spatially-intersects or touches LINE but does not include all of LINE.  One object can be on several different lines.  See also on-path and on-path--generic.")

;;; on-path
(isa on-path transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa on-path irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa on-path cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds on-path object-found-in-location)
(genl-preds on-path cotemporal)
(genl-preds on-path on-path--generic)
(arg1-isa on-path partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa on-path path--simple)
(comment on-path "(on-path ARG1 PATH) means that ARG1 is located along (on or adjacent to) the path--generic PATH.  ARG1 could be a moving object or it could be a stationary point (see the more specific predicate point-on-path)  For example, Saint Louis, Missouri was on-path U.S. Route 66, as was Missouri, any car driving along it, and any lamp-post on it.")

;;; on-path--generic
(isa on-path--generic binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa on-path--generic partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa on-path--generic path--generic)
(comment on-path--generic "(onPath-Generic LOC PATH) means that LOC, a location, is on the path PATH.  Here at least a part of LOC should be a part of PATH (e.g., as a part of the meaning of the sentence that Austin is on I35, a part of Austin is a part of I35).  Note that on-path--generic is used for path--generic.  If one wants to be clear that the path PATH is an instance of path--simple, then on-path rather than on-path--generic should be used.")

;;; opinions
(isa opinions propositional-attitude-slot)
(genl-preds opinions beliefs)
(arg1-isa opinions intelligent-agent)
(arg2-isa opinions cyc-formula)
(comment opinions "(opinions AGT PROP) means that the agent AGT believes that PROP (represented by a cyc-formula) may be true, but they aren't sure about it, their mind might be changed, they are usually aware that PROP is just an opinion, etc.  They may or may not have an argument to justify PROP.  
Note: Opinion implies belief.  So if (opinions AGT PROP), then (beliefs AGT PROP) is true.
Note:  Opinion and knowledge are mutually exclusive: if (knows AGT PROP), then it is NOT true that (opinions AGT PROP).")

;;; opposite-attribute-value
(isa opposite-attribute-value anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa opposite-attribute-value symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds opposite-attribute-value negation-attribute)
(genl-inverse opposite-attribute-value opposite-attribute-value)
(arg1-isa opposite-attribute-value attribute-value)
(arg2-isa opposite-attribute-value attribute-value)
(comment opposite-attribute-value "(opposite-attribute-value ATT1 ATT2) means that ATT2 is the opposite of ATT1.  E.g., device-on and device-off.")

;;; opposite-direction--interval
(not 
  (isa opposite-direction--interval transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa opposite-direction--interval symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa opposite-direction--interval anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa opposite-direction--interval spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds opposite-direction--interval opposite-attribute-value)
(genl-inverse opposite-direction--interval opposite-direction--interval)
(arg1-isa opposite-direction--interval unit-vector-interval)
(arg2-isa opposite-direction--interval unit-vector-interval)
(comment opposite-direction--interval "(opposite-direction--interval COMING GOING) means that the vector which points in the opposite direction to the vector COMING is the vector GOING.  More technically, COMING and GOING are both elements of unit-vector-interval in Cyc's spatial representation, and the midpoint of the direction interval COMING is 180 degrees from the midpoint of the direction interval GOING.  Examples: (opposite-direction--interval north--generally south--generally), (opposite-direction--interval dorsal-direction ventral-direction).  If a precise opposite direction is needed, use opposite-direction--precise.")

;;; opposite-direction--precise
(not 
  (isa opposite-direction--precise transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa opposite-direction--precise symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa opposite-direction--precise anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds opposite-direction--precise opposite-direction--interval)
(genl-inverse opposite-direction--precise opposite-direction--precise)
(arg1-isa opposite-direction--precise vector--precise)
(arg2-isa opposite-direction--precise vector--precise)

;;; or
(isa or logical-connective)
(isa or commutative-relation)
(isa or variable-arity-relation)
(args-isa or cyc-formula)
(comment or "The predicate or is the disjunction relation in Cyc.  or is a variable-arity relation and takes any number of elements of cyc-formula as its arguments.  (or P Q ... Z) is true if at least one of the formulas P, Q, ..., or Z is true in Cyc.")
(result-isa or cyc-expression)

;;; orientation
(isa orientation spatial-predicate)
(isa orientation binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa orientation partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa orientation orientation-attribute)
(comment orientation "(orientation OBJECT ORTN) means that the tangible OBJECT is oriented in the way described by the orientation-attribute ORTN.  Examples: (orientation OBJ right-side-up), (orientation OBJ vertical-orientation).  orientation is asserted with respect to the current context's frame-of-reference.")

;;; origin--round-trip
(isa origin--round-trip irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa origin--round-trip asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa origin--round-trip actor-slot)
(genl-preds origin--round-trip non-deliberate-actors)
(genl-preds origin--round-trip to-location)
(genl-preds origin--round-trip from-location)
(arg1-isa origin--round-trip translation--round-trip)
(arg2-isa origin--round-trip partially-tangible)
(comment origin--round-trip "(origin--round-trip TRIP PLACE) means that the translation--round-trip event TRIP leaves from and returns to the location PLACE.  PLACE is both the from-location and to-location of the entire TRIP, considered as a whole.  For example, some commuters to Manhattan leave and return each day to connecticut--state, which is their origin--round-trip.  See also destination--round-trip.")

;;; orthography
(isa orthography binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa orthography language)
(arg2-isa orthography communication-convention)
(comment orthography "(orthography ?LANG ?WRIT) means that the writing-system ?WRIT is the usual mode of writing used to encode the language ?LANG; that it is used by most of the people who customarily engage in writing ?LANG.")

;;; outputs
(isa outputs actor-slot)
(genl-preds outputs post-actors)
(genl-preds outputs actors)
(arg1-isa outputs creation-or-destruction-event)
(arg2-isa outputs something-existing)
(comment outputs "The predicate outputs is used to relate a particular event to any of the outputs from that event.  (outputs EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is an output from the creation-or-destruction-event EVENT; i.e., OBJECT is either created as a result of EVENT, or it is something left after another thing was destroyed in EVENT.  For example, silicon chips are outputs-created in a chip manufacturing process, while scrap metal is outputs-remaining after cars are put through a crusher.
Note that those two types of cases should be distinguished by using (respectively) the specialized predicates outputs-created or outputs-remaining whenever they are appropriate, rather than only the more general predicate outputs.")

;;; outputs-created
(isa outputs-created actor-slot)
(genl-preds outputs-created outputs)
(genl-preds outputs-created non-deliberate-actors)
(genl-preds outputs-created starts-during)
(arg1-isa outputs-created creation-event)
(arg2-isa outputs-created something-existing)
(comment outputs-created "The predicate outputs-created is used to identify items created by a particular event.  (outputs-created EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT doesn't exist before EVENT but comes into existence sometime during EVENT, as a result of EVENT.  outputs-created is a specialization of non-deliberate-actors, since it would in general be impossible for OBJECT to act deliberately in its own creation.")

;;; outputs-remaining
(isa outputs-remaining irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa outputs-remaining asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa outputs-remaining actor-slot)
(genl-preds outputs-remaining outputs)
(genl-preds outputs-remaining pre-actors)
(arg1-isa outputs-remaining destruction-event)
(arg2-isa outputs-remaining something-existing)
(comment outputs-remaining "The predicate outputs-remaining is used to identify leftovers which survive from the inputs to a particular event.  (outputs-remaining EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT persists after EVENT, and that it existed before EVENT as an identifiable part of one of the things destroyed during EVENT (see inputs-destroyed).  Examples: (1) when a sheet of plywood is sawn through in a cutting event, the original board is destroyed and the outputs-remaining are the two smaller plywood pieces; (2) after a filtration-process, the suspended-part and the suspending-fluid are the outputs-remaining from the original mixture which has been destroyed.")

;;; overlapping-external-concept
(isa overlapping-external-concept ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa overlapping-external-concept thing)
(arg2-isa overlapping-external-concept indexed-info-source)
(arg3-isa overlapping-external-concept character-string)
(comment overlapping-external-concept "(overlapping-external-concept ?TERM ?SOURCE ?STRING) means that the Cyc
concept ?TERM overlaps semantically with the concept named by ?STRING in the
external data source ?SOURCE.")

;;; overlaps-start
(isa overlaps-start complex-temporal-relation)
(isa overlaps-start asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa overlaps-start transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds overlaps-start ends-during)
(genl-inverse overlaps-start starts-during)
(arg1-isa overlaps-start temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa overlaps-start temporal-thing)
(comment overlaps-start "(overlaps-start FIRST SECOND) means that FIRST starts before SECOND and ends during SECOND.  That is, the starting-point of FIRST is before the starting-point of SECOND, and the ending-point of FIRST is before the ending-point of SECOND.  So this is actually a STRONGER relation than might be suggested just by its name alone, since the name alone does not suggest that FIRST must end during SECOND.  If all you mean to say, in some situation, is that FIRST starts before SECOND, then do NOT use overlaps-start; just use the starts-after-starting-of relation; i.e., say (starts-after-starting-of SECOND FIRST).  Also note that overlaps-start is, in a way, a WEAKER relation than might be suggested by its name alone.  Namely, the starting-point of SECOND might not even be a point of FIRST (if FIRST is discontinuous).







Note:  This Cyc temporal relation is equivalent to what James Allen independently dubbed the OVERLAPS relation.")

;;; overrides
(isa overrides transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa overrides asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa overrides meta-knowledge-predicate)
(arg1-isa overrides assertion)
(arg2-isa overrides assertion)
(comment overrides "The predicate overrides is used to tell Cyc which rule to prefer when it encounters two conflicting rules while reasoning with default assertions.  (overrides FIRST SECOND) means that if the assertions FIRST and SECOND both appear in conflicting arguments for and against some proposition, favor the argument that contains FIRST.")

;;; owns
(isa owns cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa owns asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa owns transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa owns reflexive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds owns has-ownership-in)
(genl-preds owns cotemporal)
(arg1-isa owns agent)
(arg2-isa owns something-existing)
(comment owns "(owns AGENT OBJECT) means that AGENT owns OBJECT -- that is, AGENT enjoys full-use-rights (q.v.) over OBJECT.  
Note:  There are commonsense rules relating owns to controls.  E.g., ownership typically implies control.  But they are just default rules, as there are many exceptions (e.g., when the owner of a building leases it to a company for ten years, the owner gives up almost all `control' over it during that decade).")
(synonymous-external-concept owns s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNERSHIP")

;;; owns-share
(isa owns-share ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa owns-share agent)
(arg2-isa owns-share something-existing)
(arg3-isa owns-share non-negative-number)
(comment owns-share "The predicate owns-share is used to state how much of some thing is owned by a particular agent.  (owns-share AGENT SOMETHING SHARE) means that the agent AGENT has SHARE percent (q.v.) ownership of the object or company SOMETHING.  Note that SHARE is a percentage and does not refer directly to a number of shares of stock.")

;;; parallel-objects
(isa parallel-objects reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa parallel-objects transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa parallel-objects symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa parallel-objects spatial-predicate)
(genl-inverse parallel-objects parallel-objects)
(arg1-isa parallel-objects spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa parallel-objects spatial-thing)
(comment parallel-objects "(parallel-objects OBJ1 OBJ2) means that both OBJ1 and OBJ2 have a lengthwise axis, and those axes are parallel to each other.")

;;; parallel-vectors
(isa parallel-vectors transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa parallel-vectors reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa parallel-vectors symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse parallel-vectors parallel-vectors)
(arg1-isa parallel-vectors vector-interval)
(arg2-isa parallel-vectors vector-interval)
(comment parallel-vectors "(parallel-vectors VECTOR1 VECTOR2) means that VECTOR1 is parallel to VECTOR2.")

;;; parent-actors
(isa parent-actors irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa parent-actors asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa parent-actors actor-slot)
(genl-preds parent-actors pre-actors)
(arg1-isa parent-actors biological-production-event)
(arg2-isa parent-actors biological-living-object)
(comment parent-actors "(parent-actors EV P) means that organism P is one of the parents in the biological-reproduction-event EV.")

;;; parent-company
(isa parent-company binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa parent-company organization)
(arg2-isa parent-company business)
(comment parent-company "The predicate parent-company relates an organization to the business which is its parent company.  (parent-company ORG1 ORG2) means that ORG1 is a (partly or wholly owned) subsidiary of ORG2.  ORG2 is the parent company that owns and substantially controls ORG1.  E.g., (parent-company TheLAWeekly TheVillageVoice).")

;;; partitioned-into
(isa partitioned-into taxonomic-slot)
(genl-preds partitioned-into covering)
(arg1-isa partitioned-into set-or-collection)
(arg2-isa partitioned-into disjoint-set-or-collection)
(comment partitioned-into "(partitioned-into SETORCOL PART) means that the mathematical set or collection PART is a partition of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL -- that is, the elements of PART are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of exactly one element of PART, and every element of PART is a subset of SETORCOL.  Or to put it another way, PART is a set or collection of disjoint sets or collections whose union is co-extensional with SETORCOL.  Typically, the disjoint-set-or-collection that plays the role of PART in an assertion about partitioning will be a set specified by enumerating its elements, using the function the-partition.  (This is a special reifiable-function whose principal reason-for-being is to facilitate the inference heuristics associated with assertions about partitioning.)")

;;; parts
(isa parts part-predicate)
(isa parts transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa parts anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa parts reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds parts 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GENERALIZED-POSSESSION"))
(arg1-isa parts individual)
(arg2-isa parts individual)
(comment parts "(parts WHOLE PART) means that individual PART is a part of individual WHOLE.  This predicate is very general.  It can be used to refer to concepts including physical-parts, sub-events, time-slices, and group-members.")

;;; passengers
(isa passengers actor-slot)
(isa passengers asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa passengers irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds passengers transportees)
(arg1-isa passengers transportation-event)
(arg2-isa passengers person)
(comment passengers "(passengers MOVE PAS) means that PAS is a human transportees in MOVE who is not a driver-actor for any sub-events of Move.  Any PAS is not a driver-actor for any sub-events of MOVE.  PAS is likely to be sitting (see sitting-posture) during the MOVE.")

;;; past-tense
(isa past-tense intangible-object-predicate)
(isa past-tense binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa past-tense english-word)
(arg2-isa past-tense character-string)
(comment past-tense "(past-tense WORD STRING) means that STRING is the past tense verb form of WORD. The regular past tense form is formed from the infinitive verb form with an `-ed' suffix.  Verbs in the Cyc lexicon will have a past-tense entry only if they are irregular. Regular forms are generated by the morphology component. Regular example: `helped'. Irregular example: `ate'.")

;;; path-between
(isa path-between ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa path-between path--simple)
(arg2-isa path-between thing)
(arg3-isa path-between thing)
(comment path-between "(path-between PATH X Y) means that the path--simple PATH goes between points (or places) X and Y, where X and Y do not 'overlap', and no further.  Both X and Y have to be on PATH (see point-on-path).  Note that (path-between PATH X Y) is more specific than (path-connects PATH X Y) because here the PATH cannot extend beyond X and Y.  Within a particular path-system, a path's end points in the system are unique, and path-between-in-system is restricted to paths and points in the system.  When considered without a context of a path system, a path may have several different places at one end, such as Austin and Texas both being at the same end of some path along Highway I-35.")

;;; path-connects
(isa path-connects ternary-predicate)
(isa path-connects spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa path-connects path--simple)
(arg2-isa path-connects spatial-thing)
(arg3-isa path-connects spatial-thing)
(comment path-connects "(path-connects PATH HERE THERE) means that PATH is an individual element of path--simple that connects HERE and THERE.  Often PATH is a physical path or connection along which objects or information capable of using that path may travel, back and forth, between HERE and THERE.  Note that (path-connects ?PATH ?A ?B) doesn't mean that PATH cant't extend beyond ?A and ?B (in contrast with path-between ?A ?B).")

;;; path-terminus
(isa path-terminus binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa path-terminus path--simple)
(arg2-isa path-terminus partially-tangible)
(comment path-terminus "path-terminus (PATH END) means that END is a terminating end of a path--customary PATH, and that there are no further paths of the same type issuing from END.  The terminal end of any path--customary may be a dead-end, closed off path end, or it may be open, or it may be a terminus of motion; it is not generally a junction-of-paths with one or more paths of the same basic type issuing beyond it.  Contrast this with the predicate dead-end-in-system that indicates a terminus with respect to a specified path-system only.")

;;; pathway--complete
(isa pathway--complete actor-slot)
(isa pathway--complete functional-slot)
(genl-preds pathway--complete pathway--partial)
(arg1-isa pathway--complete movement--translation-event)
(arg2-isa pathway--complete path--generic)
(comment pathway--complete "The predicate pathway--complete is used to indicate the whole route travelled by a moving object in a particular event.  (pathway--complete MOVE PATH) means that PATH is the entire trajectory along which an object-moving travels in the movement--translation-event MOVE.  There is exactly one pathway--complete if (and only if) MOVE is an element of translation--single-path.  If MOVE is an element of translation--multi-path, then there are at least two pathway--completes; i.e., at least two distinct values of PATH such that (pathway--complete MOVE PATH) is true.  PATH may be a marked or unmarked path--generic (q.v.).  By definition, the pathway--complete of a movement--translation-event connects the starting and stopping points (from-location, to-location) of the whole movement event.  (See also path-connects.)  Use pathway-passes-through to state that an object passes through a particular location on the path--generic. 



Note:  Compare pathway--complete with pathway--partial; the former refers to the entire route of a particular translation--complete.  A sub-region of a pathway--complete is NOT itself considered a pathway--complete of the same movement event; i.e., if (pathway--complete MOVE PATH) is true, and we cut PATH up into ten pieces PATH1, ..., PATH10, then it will generally not be true that (pathway--complete MOVE PATH8),  but it will be true that (pathway--partial MOVE PATH8).")
(synonymous-external-concept pathway--complete s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PATH")

;;; pathway--partial
(isa pathway--partial actor-slot)
(genl-preds pathway--partial event-occurs-at)
(genl-preds pathway--partial temporally-intersects)
(arg1-isa pathway--partial movement--translation-event)
(arg2-isa pathway--partial path--generic)
(comment pathway--partial "(pathway-Partial EVENT PATH) means that EVENT is a movement along a trajectory (see pathway--complete) which has a sub-path in common with a sub-path of PATH.  For example, if a certain trip to Dallas from Austin is via highway I-35, that does not mean either that the whole journey is along I-35 (it also may be along driveways and side streets), or that it is along all of I-35 (which would take you from the Mexican border all the way to the Canadian border).  A part of the journey is along a part of I-35.  This is in contrast to pathway--complete, which relates a movement to its entire path.")

;;; pathway-passes-through
(isa pathway-passes-through actor-slot)
(genl-preds pathway-passes-through non-deliberate-actors)
(arg1-isa pathway-passes-through translation--single-path)
(arg2-isa pathway-passes-through partially-tangible)
(comment pathway-passes-through "(pathway-passes-through MOVE LOC) means that the pathway--complete of MOVE, which is an instance of translation--single-path, passes through LOC, which is an instance of partially-tangible, and thus can be a location, a river or another path, etc.  More formally, any object-moving which undergoes motion from the from-location to the to-location passes through LOC.  Here `passes through LOC' means that OBJ both arrives and leaves LOC.  Thus, LOC can not be a super region of any from-location nor any to-locations of MOVE. Otherwise it would be possible to state (pathway-passes-through TripToTheStore01 TheUniverse).  On the other hand, LOC can be a sub region of some to-location or some from-location.")

;;; perceives
(isa perceives perceiving-slot)
(arg1-isa perceives perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa perceives spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa perceives temporal-thing)
(comment perceives "(perceives AGENT OBJ) means that AGENT has come to know of OBJ via the action of at least one of its senses (e.g. sight, hearing, smell, etc).  Precisely what tangible aspects of OBJ have been apprehended depend on the sensory modality used (see predicates which have perceives as a genl-preds).  For example, if (sees AGENT OBJ), then AGENT knows of some visual aspects of OBJ.  Whereas if (smells AGENT OBJ), then AGENT knows of some olfactory aspects of OBJ.  Only tangible things, physical-events or partially-tangibles, can be perceived")

;;; perfect
(isa perfect intangible-object-predicate)
(isa perfect binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa perfect english-word)
(arg2-isa perfect character-string)
(comment perfect "(perfect WORD STRING) means that STRING is the perfect verb form of WORD. This form is also known as the past participle. The regular perfect verb form is often the same as the past tense verb form. Verbs in the Cyc lexicon will have a perfect entry only if they are irregular. Regular forms are generated by the morphology component. Regular example: `helped'. Irregular example: `eaten'.")

;;; performance-level
(isa performance-level quintary-predicate)
(isa performance-level functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa performance-level something-existing)
(arg2-isa performance-level event)
(arg3-isa performance-level actor-slot)
(arg4-isa performance-level script-performance-attribute-type)
(arg4-genl performance-level script-performance-attribute)
(arg5-isa performance-level generic-attribute)
(comment performance-level "This predicate relates performers to particular individual actions.  (performance-level OBJ EVT ROLE PERF-ATT LEVEL) means that the individual OBJ plays the role ROLE in the action EVT, and does so with the performance attribute PERF-ATT to the degree LEVEL.  Such an assertion expresses actual performance in a particular action; for example, (performance-level joe DiggingHole54001 performed-by strength low) means Joe exerted a low level of strength while digging that particular hole.  This does not imply much about Joe's potential to exert strength, about strength required in general for hole-digging, etc., it just talks about that one single event.  To talk about typical or expected performance, use skill-level.")

;;; performed-by
(isa performed-by actor-slot)
(genl-preds performed-by done-by)
(genl-preds performed-by deliberate-actors)
(arg1-isa performed-by action)
(arg2-isa performed-by agent)
(comment performed-by "The predicate performed-by relates an event to an agent who performs it deliberately, which in Cyc means, intentionally and volitionally.  (performed-by ACT DOER) means that the agent DOER deliberately does the action ACT.  DOER must be an agent.  For example, (performed-by assassination-of-president-lincoln john-wilkes-booth).  If ACT has multiple performers, ACT will be performed-by each of them.  See also deliberate-actors, done-by.")

;;; performed-by-part
(isa performed-by-part actor-slot)
(genl-preds performed-by-part performed-by)
(arg1-isa performed-by-part action)
(arg2-isa performed-by-part organization)
(comment performed-by-part "(performed-by-part ACT ORG) means that the organization ORG is considered to be the performer of the action ACT, though in fact only some subordinate part of ORG (i.e., a member or a sub-organization), rather than all of the organization, is directly involved in ACT.  For example, (performed-by-part OperationDesertStorm USArmy) since only certain divisions of the US Army participated in Operation Desert Storm.")

;;; perpendicular-objects
(not 
  (isa perpendicular-objects transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa perpendicular-objects irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa perpendicular-objects symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa perpendicular-objects spatial-predicate)
(genl-inverse perpendicular-objects perpendicular-objects)
(arg1-isa perpendicular-objects partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa perpendicular-objects partially-tangible)
(comment perpendicular-objects "(perpendicular-objects OBJ1 OBJ2) means that the longest axis of OBJ1 is perpendicular to the longest axis of OBJ2.")

;;; perpendicular-vectors
(isa perpendicular-vectors symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa perpendicular-vectors transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa perpendicular-vectors reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa perpendicular-vectors irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse perpendicular-vectors perpendicular-vectors)
(arg1-isa perpendicular-vectors vector-interval)
(arg2-isa perpendicular-vectors vector-interval)
(comment perpendicular-vectors "(perpendicular-vectors VECTOR1 VECTOR2) means that VECTOR1 is perpendicular to VECTOR2.  E.g., (perpendicular-vectors south-east--directly south-west--directly),  (perpendicular-vectors east--directly north--directly).")

;;; perpetrator
(isa perpetrator irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa perpetrator asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa perpetrator actor-slot)
(genl-preds perpetrator performed-by)
(arg1-isa perpetrator action)
(arg2-isa perpetrator social-being)
(comment perpetrator "The agent(s) that performed this possibly criminal act.")

;;; phone-number-text
(isa phone-number-text binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa phone-number-text contact-location)
(arg2-isa phone-number-text phone-number)
(comment phone-number-text "The predicate phone-number-text is used to relate a telephone number to a contact location.  (phone-number-text LOC NUM) means NUM is a string denoting (one of) the phone number(s) of the contact-location LOC.")

;;; physical-decompositions
(isa physical-decompositions physical-part-predicate)
(isa physical-decompositions transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-decompositions anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-decompositions reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-decompositions cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds physical-decompositions parts)
(genl-preds physical-decompositions spatially-intersects)
(genl-preds physical-decompositions cotemporal)
(genl-inverse physical-decompositions in-region)
(arg1-isa physical-decompositions partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa physical-decompositions partially-tangible)
(comment physical-decompositions "(physical-decompositions WHOLE PART) -- PART is any spatial part or decomposition of WHOLE.  PART may be discontinuous, diffused throughout the object, discrete and identifiable, etc.")

;;; physical-extent
(isa physical-extent functional-slot)
(isa physical-extent transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-extent anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa physical-extent reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa physical-extent irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds physical-extent parts)
(arg1-isa physical-extent composite-tangible-and-intangible-object)
(arg2-isa physical-extent partially-tangible)
(comment physical-extent "(physical-extent WHOLE PART) means that PART is the physical part of the composite-tangible-and-intangible-object WHOLE.")

;;; physical-parts
(isa physical-parts physical-part-predicate)
(isa physical-parts transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-parts reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-parts anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa physical-parts cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa physical-parts physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(genl-preds physical-parts physical-decompositions)
(genl-preds physical-parts cotemporal)
(arg1-isa physical-parts partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa physical-parts partially-tangible)
(comment physical-parts "(physical-parts WHOLE PART) -- WHOLE is a physical object and PART is one of its distinct, non-diffuse, identifiable parts, such as the relationship between a car and its wheels or bumpers.  The physical-parts of an object include only those spatial decompositions which are distinct, identifiable parts.")

;;; physical-portions
(isa physical-portions physical-part-predicate)
(isa physical-portions cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds physical-portions physical-decompositions)
(genl-preds physical-portions cotemporal)
(arg1-isa physical-portions partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa physical-portions partially-tangible)
(comment physical-portions "(physical-portions ?WHOLE ?PART) means ?PART is a representative spatial chunk of ?WHOLE.  Every intrinsic property which is true of ?WHOLE should be true of ?PART.  Spatial parts of ?WHOLE which are not representative of the whole would be physical-parts or physical-decompositions , not physical-portions.  For example, the SpaghettiSauce001 which is part of SpaghettiDinner001 is a physical-parts of the dinner.  A physical-portions of the dinner would include some sauce, some noodles, some parmesan cheese, etc. - parts of all the constituents.   This is the spatial analog of time-slices (not sub-events).")

;;; physical-quarters
(isa physical-quarters sub-process-slot)
(arg1-isa physical-quarters organization)
(arg2-isa physical-quarters construction-artifact)
(comment physical-quarters "The predicate physical-quarters is used to relate an organization to the building(s) it occupies.  (physical-quarters ORG BLDG) means that the organization ORG is located in the construction-artifact BLDG, which may consist of one or more buildings, rooms, offices, etc.")

;;; physical-structural-attributes
(isa physical-structural-attributes binary-predicate)
(isa physical-structural-attributes tangible-substance-predicate)
(genl-preds physical-structural-attributes has-attributes)
(arg1-isa physical-structural-attributes partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa physical-structural-attributes physical-structural-attribute)
(comment physical-structural-attributes "(physical-structural-attributes OBJ ATT) means that the physical structure of the tangible object OBJ is (at least partially) determined or described by its attribute ATT.  See also physical-structural-attribute.")

;;; physical-structural-integrity
(isa physical-structural-integrity binary-predicate)
(isa physical-structural-integrity tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa physical-structural-integrity partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa physical-structural-integrity generic-attribute)
(comment physical-structural-integrity "(physical-structural-integrity SUBST DEGREE) means that the tangible object SUBST has DEGREE ability to maintain its physical structure intact in the face of various forces.  DEGREE is a generic-attribute.  The physical-structural-integrity of an object may be inferred from some of its other physical attributes; e.g., something with the physical-structural-attributes granular has a low degree of physical-structural-integrity; things whose state-of-matter is liquid-state-of-matter have very-low physical-structural-integrity.")

;;; pipe-ends-at-cavity
(isa pipe-ends-at-cavity connection-predicate)
(isa pipe-ends-at-cavity spatial-predicate)
(isa pipe-ends-at-cavity asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds pipe-ends-at-cavity connected-to--rigidly)
(genl-preds pipe-ends-at-cavity path-terminus)
(arg1-isa pipe-ends-at-cavity pipe--generic-conduit)
(arg2-isa pipe-ends-at-cavity partially-tangible)
(comment pipe-ends-at-cavity "(pipe-ends-at-cavity PIPE CAV) means that PIPE is a pipe--generic-conduit that joins the larger-diameter cavity CAV at a pipe-end-to-cavity-junction, allowing flow or access between them.  The flange where a water pipe enters a water tank is one example, as is the junction of the esophagus and the stomach in animals.  See also the collection pipe-end-to-cavity-junction.")

;;; pipes-directly-connected
(isa pipes-directly-connected connection-predicate)
(isa pipes-directly-connected symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds pipes-directly-connected connected-to)
(genl-inverse pipes-directly-connected pipes-directly-connected)
(arg1-isa pipes-directly-connected pipe--generic-conduit)
(arg2-isa pipes-directly-connected pipe--generic-conduit)
(comment pipes-directly-connected "(pipesDirectlyConnected PIPE1 PIPE2) means that there is a junction-of-pipes connecting two pipe--generic-conduits, PIPE1 to PIPE2, (or else they are end-to-end-connected) allowing flow of fluid-tangible-things between them.")

;;; plaintiffs
(isa plaintiffs irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa plaintiffs asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa plaintiffs actor-slot)
(genl-preds plaintiffs litigants)
(arg1-isa plaintiffs trial)
(arg2-isa plaintiffs agent)
(comment plaintiffs "(plaintiffs ARG1 ARG2) means that the agent ARG2 is the complaining party (the party bringing an accusation of wrong-doing) in the lawsuit ARG1.")

;;; plural
(isa plural intangible-object-predicate)
(isa plural binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa plural english-word)
(arg2-isa plural character-string)
(comment plural "(plural WORD STRING) means that STRING is the plural noun form of WORD.  For example, the plural form of hit--the-word is `hits', and the plural form of goose--the-word is `geese'.")

;;; point-closed-sub-systems
(isa point-closed-sub-systems reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa point-closed-sub-systems transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa point-closed-sub-systems anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds point-closed-sub-systems sub-path-systems)
(arg1-isa point-closed-sub-systems thing)
(arg2-isa point-closed-sub-systems thing)
(comment point-closed-sub-systems "(point-closed-sub-systems SYS SUBSYS) means that the path system SUBSYS is a subsystem of the path system SYS (i.e., (sub-path-systems SYS SUBSYS) holds) and SUBSYS 'preserves' all points in SYS that are on links in SUBSYS, i.e., if LINK is a link in SUBSYS (and hence is a link in SYS) and X is a point in SYS and is on LINK, then X must be a point in SUBSYS.")

;;; point-in-system
(isa point-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa point-in-system thing)
(arg2-isa point-in-system thing)
(comment point-in-system "(point-in-system POINT SYS) means that POINT is an instance of thing, SYS is an instance of path-system, and POINT is a 'point' on a path in SYS or is a 'node' in SYS.  Note that for each path system SYS there is at least one POINT such that (point-in-system POINT SYS) holds.  For any path system SYS, the set of all points in SYS has an important subset, the set of all 'nodes' in SYS.  See node-in-system for the difference between nodes and points that are not nodes in a path system.  Note that in some cases (such as making a 'closed world' or talking about different systems), using (point-fn SYS) to denote the set of all points in a path system SYS is more convenient than using the predicate point-in-system.")

;;; point-of-contact
(isa point-of-contact ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa point-of-contact agent)
(arg2-isa point-of-contact contact-location-type)
(arg2-genl point-of-contact contact-location)
(arg3-isa point-of-contact contact-location)
(comment point-of-contact "The predicate point-of-contact (point-of-contact AGENT LOCTYPE LOC) means the agent AGENT has as its LOCTYPE (a contact-location-type such as workplace, human-residence, billing-location, etc.) a particular contact-location LOC, where that agent can be contacted.  Typically, LOC is a complete address, i.e., it is not a generic location such as Austin, TX.")

;;; point-of-contact-info
(isa point-of-contact-info quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa point-of-contact-info agent)
(arg2-isa point-of-contact-info contact-location-type)
(arg2-genl point-of-contact-info contact-location)
(arg3-isa point-of-contact-info binary-predicate)
(arg4-isa point-of-contact-info thing)
(comment point-of-contact-info "The predicate point-of-contact-info allows us to characterize a string of information as belonging to a certain kind of contact location for a particular person, without actually reifying those contact locations.  (point-of-contact-info AGENT LOC-TYPE INFO-TYPE STRING) means that AGENT's contact locations of type LOC-TYPE (e.g., workplace) have STRING as their contact address of INFO-TYPE (e.g., phone-number-text, fax-number-text, address-text).  For example, to say that Keith Goolsbey's home phone number is 512-123-4567, we write: (point-of-contact-info goolsbey human-residence phone-number-text ``(512) 123-4567'').  Note: the disadvantage of this shorthand method is that all of AGENT's contact locations of the type LOC-TYPE are assumed to have the same STRING of INFO-TYPE.")

;;; pointing-toward
(not 
  (isa pointing-toward asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa pointing-toward anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa pointing-toward symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa pointing-toward transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa pointing-toward binary-predicate)
(isa pointing-toward spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa pointing-toward partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa pointing-toward partially-tangible)
(comment pointing-toward "(pointing-toward OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 has a pointing axis and that its axis points toward OBJ2.  A pointing axis is ascribed to objects that have directionality (e.g., a gun, a projectile, an arrow, an extended finger).")

;;; points-of-contact
(isa points-of-contact binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa points-of-contact agent)
(arg2-isa points-of-contact contact-location)
(comment points-of-contact "The predicate points-of-contact indicates the places at which a particular agent can be reached.  (points-of-contact AGENT LOC) means that the agent AGENT can be contacted at the contact-location LOC.")

;;; porosity-of-object
(isa porosity-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa porosity-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa porosity-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa porosity-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa porosity-of-object porosity)
(comment porosity-of-object "(porosity-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the degree of porosity DEGREE.")

;;; portal-connects-regions
(isa portal-connects-regions ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa portal-connects-regions portal)
(arg2-isa portal-connects-regions partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa portal-connects-regions partially-tangible)
(comment portal-connects-regions "(portal-connects-regions PORTAL HERE THERE) means that the regions HERE and THERE each contain PORTAL as a physical part.")

;;; portal-has-covering
(isa portal-has-covering cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa portal-has-covering physical-part-predicate)
(genl-preds portal-has-covering physical-parts)
(arg1-isa portal-has-covering portal)
(arg2-isa portal-has-covering portal-covering)
(comment portal-has-covering "A general predicate for relating instances of portal to their coverings.  Specpreds include doorway-has-covering and window-has-covering.")

;;; pos-forms
(isa pos-forms binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa pos-forms english-word)
(arg2-isa pos-forms linguistic-object-type)
(arg2-genl pos-forms speech-part)
(comment pos-forms "The predicate pos-forms is used to indicate the different parts of speech that a particular English word has associated with it.  (pos-forms WORD POS) means that the english-word WORD has a form that can serve as the speech-part POS.  For example, dot--the-word has forms for both simple-noun and verb.  Forms of a word used for different parts of speech may or may not differ from each other in sound and/or spelling.  To find out, or to specify, the string that represents a particular POS form of a specific word, use part-of-speech.")

;;; positive-vested-interest
(isa positive-vested-interest binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa positive-vested-interest transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa positive-vested-interest symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa positive-vested-interest anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa positive-vested-interest asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa positive-vested-interest reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa positive-vested-interest irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(arg1-isa positive-vested-interest agent)
(arg2-isa positive-vested-interest temporal-thing)
(comment positive-vested-interest "(positive-vested-interest AGT OBJ) means agent AGT has a positive interest in the object OBJ or in the good fortune of OBJ.  Generally, AGT will be helped or pleased by the preservation or enhancement of OBJ.
Note:  the restriction of OBJ to temporal-thing means that it would be incorrect to use this predicate to say that Douglas Adams has a positive-vested-interest in the number 42.  Rather, what he has a vested interest in is public popularity and faddism focusing on that number.  A fad is a temporal-thing, but the number 42 isn't.")

;;; possesses
(isa possesses predicate)
(arg1-isa possesses agent)
(arg2-isa possesses something-existing)
(comment possesses "(possesses AGENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is in the physical possession of AGENT.  Compare with owns.")

;;; post-actors
(isa post-actors actor-slot)
(genl-preds post-actors actors)
(genl-inverse post-actors ends-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa post-actors event)
(arg2-isa post-actors something-existing)
(comment post-actors "The predicate post-actors is used to indicate a participant that continues to exist after a particular event.  (post-actors EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists after EVENT ends.  It makes no commitment about OBJECT's condition before or during EVENT.  post-actors is a very general element of actor-slot; it subsumes outputs-created, done-by, and many others.")

;;; post-configuration
(isa post-configuration binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse post-configuration starts-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa post-configuration event)
(arg2-isa post-configuration static-situation)
(comment post-configuration "(post-configuration EVT CONFIG) means CONFIG is a configuration that begins immediately after the action EVT ends, and is directly (probably causally) related to EVT.  See post-events and pre-configuration for related predicates.")
(overlapping-external-concept post-configuration s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "POSTCONDITION")

;;; post-events
(isa post-events role)
(isa post-events complex-temporal-relation)
(isa post-events transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa post-events asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse post-events starts-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa post-events event)
(arg2-isa post-events event)
(comment post-events "This predicate relates one event to another that follows it.  (post-events BEFORE AFTER) implies two things: 

(1) BEFORE occurs strictly before AFTER; i.e., AFTER starts after BEFORE has ended; i.e., (starts-after-ending-of AFTER BEFORE); and

(2) BEFORE and AFTER are significantly relevant to each other.  This required `relevance' of the two arguments to each other is difficult to formalize but often intuitively clearcut.  Often, e.g., AFTER is caused by BEFORE.")

;;; postal-code-of-address
(isa postal-code-of-address functional-slot)
(arg1-isa postal-code-of-address contact-location)
(arg2-isa postal-code-of-address postal-code)
(comment postal-code-of-address "The predicate postal-code-of-address maps from a particular element of contact-location to a corresponding element of postal-code.  (postal-code-of-address LOC PC) means that the location LOC has the postal-code PC.  For example, if LOC had the address: P.O. Box 1677-B, New York, NY, 10014, PC would be the string `10014'.  See also contact-location.")

;;; posture-of-animal
(isa posture-of-animal shape-describing-predicate)
(isa posture-of-animal functional-slot)
(genl-preds posture-of-animal has-attributes)
(arg1-isa posture-of-animal animal)
(arg2-isa posture-of-animal posture)
(comment posture-of-animal "(posture-of-animal ?AN ?POS) means that the animal ?AN is in the posture ?POS.  postures are types of attributes that describe bodily configurations and/or orientations of animals.  See posture for examples.")

;;; pre-actors
(isa pre-actors irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa pre-actors actor-slot)
(isa pre-actors asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds pre-actors actors)
(genl-preds pre-actors starts-after-starting-of)
(arg1-isa pre-actors event)
(arg2-isa pre-actors something-existing)
(comment pre-actors "The predicate pre-actors is used to indicate a participant that pre-exists a particular event.  (pre-actors EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT begins.  It makes no commitment about OBJECT's condition during or after EVENT.  pre-actors is a very general actor-slot, subsuming done-by, object-acted-on, object-moving, and many others.")

;;; pre-configuration
(isa pre-configuration irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa pre-configuration asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa pre-configuration anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds pre-configuration starts-after-ending-of)
(arg1-isa pre-configuration event)
(arg2-isa pre-configuration static-situation)
(comment pre-configuration "(pre-configuration EVT CONFIG) means CONFIG is an element of configuration that holds just prior to the start of EVT, and CONFIG is directly related to EVT.  The required `salience' of the two arguments to each other is difficult to formalize but usually intuitively clearcut.  Commonly, CONFIG and EVT share many of the same objects involved in various roles, and there is often a causal connection as well.   For instance, the configuration CONFIG might be somehow `taken apart' by event EVT, might `trigger' EVT, etc.")
(overlapping-external-concept pre-configuration s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PRECONDITION")

;;; presenter
(isa presenter irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa presenter asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa presenter actor-slot)
(genl-preds presenter social-participants)
(arg1-isa presenter social-gathering)
(arg2-isa presenter person)
(comment presenter "(presenter GATHERING PERSON) means that PERSON speaks to a set of audience members who have a role in GATHERING.")

;;; pretty-name
(isa pretty-name binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa pretty-name cyc-indexed-term)
(arg2-isa pretty-name cyc-system-string)
(comment pretty-name "(pretty-name TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or           expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to the cyc           term TERM.  The predicate pretty-name is used by the code which           generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not           restricted to this use.")

;;; primary-function
(isa primary-function ternary-predicate)
(genl-preds primary-function intended-behavior-capable)
(arg1-isa primary-function artifact)
(arg2-isa primary-function collection)
(arg2-genl primary-function situation)
(arg3-isa primary-function role)
(comment primary-function "The predicate primary-function is used to indicate what an artifact was primarily designed to do.  (primary-function ART SITTYPE ROLE) means that the primary function of the artifact OBJ is to serve as described by ROLE in situations of the type SITTYPE.  Examples: the primary-function of instances of mammography-facility is to be the provider-of-service in instances of mammographic-breast-cancer-screening; the primary-function of a pump is to be the provider-of-motive-force in instances of transporting-goods in which liquids are transported.
Note: in the simple-device-functioning-mt, it is assumed that every physical-device has only one primary function.")

;;; primitive-attribute-types
(isa primitive-attribute-types binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa primitive-attribute-types composite-attribute-type)
(arg2-isa primitive-attribute-types primitive-attribute-type)
(comment primitive-attribute-types "The Cyc predicate primitive-attribute-types is used to relate a type of complex attribute to its basic components.  (primitive-attribute-types COMP PRIM) means that PRIM is an element of primitive-attribute-type that makes up the composite-attribute-type, COMP.  PRIM can be thought of as one axis for the composite scale.  For example, hue, intensity, and saturation are each a primitive scale for the composite attribute `color'.  Another case: speed is a primitive component of the composite attribute velocity-vector.")

;;; products
(isa products actor-slot)
(genl-preds products outputs)
(arg1-isa products creation-or-destruction-event)
(arg2-isa products partially-tangible)
(comment products "(products EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the intended outputs of event EV.  For unintended outputs, see by-products.  For a particular EV and OBJ, it will not be true that both (products EV OBJ) and (by-products EV OBJ).")

;;; program-used
(isa program-used irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa program-used asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa program-used actor-slot)
(genl-preds program-used instrument--generic)
(genl-preds program-used unchanged-actors)
(arg1-isa program-used action)
(arg2-isa program-used computer-program)
(comment program-used "(program-used EV PROG) means that PROG is the computer program used in the action EV.")

;;; propositional-info-about
(isa propositional-info-about binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa propositional-info-about propositional-information-thing)
(arg2-isa propositional-info-about thing)
(comment propositional-info-about "(propositional-info-about ?MT ?OBJ) means that the propositional-information-thing ?MT is 'about' ?OBJ, i.e. it is a microtheory with assertions concerning this object.  For example, a microtheory which is the propositional content of a portrait of george-washington might only have george-washington as the ?OBJ of this predicate.")

;;; propositions-perceived
(isa propositions-perceived binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa propositions-perceived perceiving)
(arg2-isa propositions-perceived cyc-formula)
(comment propositions-perceived "(propositions-perceived PERCEIVING PROP) means that in the perceiving event PERCEIVING, the perceiver mentally grasps the proposition(s) PROP.  E.g., ten people witness a particular car crash, and yet each one gets their own particular set of propositions which they later can relate to the police; there are ten separate perceivings in this case, and each one has its own unique set of propositions-perceived.")

;;; provider-of-motive-force
(isa provider-of-motive-force actor-slot)
(genl-preds provider-of-motive-force pre-actors)
(arg1-isa provider-of-motive-force movement-event)
(arg2-isa provider-of-motive-force partially-tangible)
(comment provider-of-motive-force "(provider-of-motive-force ACT OBJ) means that OBJ provides, through its expenditure of energy, a significant fraction of the physical force required to make ACT happen. For example, if ACT is an element of pedaling-a-bicycle, OBJ will be the person who is operating the bike.  Another example: in the use of a belt sanding tool, there will be two values for provider-of-motive-force, the electric sander and the person operating the sander.  In that case, although force is transmitted and applied through the sandpaper, the paper doesn't count as a provider-of-motive-force, because it only transmits force and does not itself expend energy.   Note that inferences involving this constant require that every provider-of-motive-force be a whole object, not just a part of an object.  For example: (=> (and (isa ?LOCO locomotion-event) (provider-of-motive-force ?LOCO ?OBJ)) (object-moving ?LOCO ?OBJ)) or (=> (and (isa ?LOC locomotion-event) (provider-of-motive-force ?LOC ?PROV)) (done-by ?LOC ?PROV)) or (domain-assumptions manual-human-activities-mt (for-all ?U (for-all ?PERS (implies (and (isa ?U action) (provider-of-motive-force ?U ?PERS)) (isa ?PERS person)))))).")

;;; provider-of-service
(isa provider-of-service actor-slot)
(isa provider-of-service asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa provider-of-service irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds provider-of-service deliberate-actors)
(genl-preds provider-of-service pre-actors)
(genl-preds provider-of-service performed-by)
(arg1-isa provider-of-service service-event)
(arg2-isa provider-of-service agent)
(comment provider-of-service "The Cyc predicate provider-of-service is used to relate a service to the agent that provides it.  (provider-of-service SEVT AGT) means that the service-event SEVT is performed or provided by the agent AGT.  Typically, AGT acts in order to serve the recipient-of-service in SEVT.")

;;; purpose--r-s-t
(isa purpose--r-s-t r-s-t-relation)
(isa purpose--r-s-t asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa purpose--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(arg2-isa purpose--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(comment purpose--r-s-t "The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG1 specifies something which is initiated with the purpose of achieving ARG2. purpose--r-s-t is agnostic as to volition; see also volitional-cause--r-s-t.")
(synonymous-external-concept purpose--r-s-t s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RST-PURPOSE")

;;; purpose-in-event
(isa purpose-in-event modal-relationship)
(isa purpose-in-event ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa purpose-in-event agent)
(arg2-isa purpose-in-event purposeful-action)
(arg3-isa purpose-in-event goal)
(comment purpose-in-event "(purpose-in-event AGT EVT G) means that the agent AGT is taking part in event EVT because (1) AGT wants G to become true, and also (2) AGT expects and believes that EVT occurring will (help) make G true.")
(overlapping-external-concept purpose-in-event s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PURPOSE")

;;; quotient-units
(isa quotient-units ternary-predicate)
(isa quotient-units bookkeeping-predicate)
(arg1-isa quotient-units unit-of-measure)
(arg2-isa quotient-units unit-of-measure)
(arg3-isa quotient-units unit-of-measure)
(comment quotient-units "The Cyc predicate quotient-units is used to state what measurement units should be used for the quotient of two physical quantities, given the units measuring the dividend and divisor.  (quotient-units UM-1 UM-2 QUOT-UM) means that the value of (quotient-fn (UM-1 x) (UM-2 y)) should be given in the units QUOT-UM.  Examples: (quotient-units newton square-meter pascal--unit-of-pressure); (quotient-units unity days-duration per-day); (quotient-units (micro gram) (milli liter) micrograms-per-milliliter).  See also unit-of-measure, quotient-fn.")

;;; radius
(isa radius interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa radius physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa radius partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa radius distance)
(comment radius "The radius of an object with a circular shape.")

;;; raininess-of-region
(isa raininess-of-region interval-based-quantity-slot)
(genl-preds raininess-of-region has-attributes)
(arg1-isa raininess-of-region outdoor-location)
(arg2-isa raininess-of-region raininess)
(comment raininess-of-region "(raininess-of-region LOC DEGREE) indicates the intensity with which it is raining at the outdoor-location LOC.  (If it is not raining at LOC, it will be the case that (raininess-of-region LOC (no-amount-fn raininess)).)")

;;; rate-of-rotation-of-object
(isa rate-of-rotation-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa rate-of-rotation-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa rate-of-rotation-of-object rate-of-rotation)
(comment rate-of-rotation-of-object "rate-of-rotation-of-object relates an instance of partially-tangible to the rate of change of its physical component's angular separation from a reference vector as measured from a point of origin.")

;;; recipient-of-info
(isa recipient-of-info actor-slot)
(genl-preds recipient-of-info information-destination)
(arg1-isa recipient-of-info information-transfer-event)
(arg2-isa recipient-of-info agent)
(comment recipient-of-info "The predicate recipient-of-info is used to indicate who receives information in a particular communication event.  (recipient-of-info TRANSFER RECIP) means that the information transferred in the information-transfer-event TRANSFER is received by the agent RECIP.  After TRANSFER, RECIP understands or conceives of the information transferred in TRANSFER; Cyc does NOT conclude that s/he knows the information or counts it among his/her beliefs, because RECIP might not believe it.  In receiving the information transferred, RECIP may be acting intentionally or unintentionally.  See also info-transferred.")
(synonymous-external-concept recipient-of-info s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE")

;;; recipient-of-service
(isa recipient-of-service actor-slot)
(genl-preds recipient-of-service beneficiary)
(genl-preds recipient-of-service pre-actors)
(genl-preds recipient-of-service post-actors)
(arg1-isa recipient-of-service service-event)
(arg2-isa recipient-of-service agent)
(comment recipient-of-service "(recipient-of-service ACT AGNT) means the agent AGNT is the recipient of the service-event ACT.  The service is performed on, for, or to AGNT, and AGNT is correspondingly affected by it.")

;;; reciprocal-transfers
(isa reciprocal-transfers anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa reciprocal-transfers symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse reciprocal-transfers reciprocal-transfers)
(arg1-isa reciprocal-transfers transferring-possession)
(arg2-isa reciprocal-transfers transferring-possession)
(comment reciprocal-transfers "(reciprocal-transfers ?T1 ?T2) means that ?T1 and ?T2 are transfers of possession done in exchange for each other.  They are part of some exchange-of-user-rights.")

;;; reduction-of-path-systems
(isa reduction-of-path-systems transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa reduction-of-path-systems anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds reduction-of-path-systems link-closed-sub-systems)
(arg1-isa reduction-of-path-systems thing)
(arg2-isa reduction-of-path-systems multi-graph)
(comment reduction-of-path-systems "(reduction-of-path-systems SYS RED) means that (i) every node in SYS is a node in RED, (ii) every point in RED is a node in RED (and hence a node in SYS), and (iii) (link-closed-sub-systems SYS RED) holds. It is easy to see that when (reduction-of-path-systems SYS RED) holds, RED must be an instance of multi-graph.  But RED is not only a multi-graph, it is THE multi-graph that underlies the path system SYS, i.e., the only difference between SYS and RED is that SYS is obtainable by adding to RED some points that are on a link in RED between the end-nodes.")

;;; referred-service-provider
(isa referred-service-provider irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa referred-service-provider asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa referred-service-provider actor-slot)
(genl-preds referred-service-provider provider-of-service)
(arg1-isa referred-service-provider service-event)
(arg2-isa referred-service-provider agent)
(comment referred-service-provider "The agent ARG2 who provides the service ARG1 was referred by another agent.")

;;; relation-type
(isa relation-type ternary-predicate)
(isa relation-type rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa relation-type binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa relation-type collection)
(arg3-isa relation-type collection)
(comment relation-type "(relation-type SLOT COL1 COL2) means that, for every instance of COL1 (INS1), there is some instance of COL2 (INS2) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2) holds.  relation-type is thus redundant with a huge set of commonly-occurring rules.  By having this predicate (along with an axiom defining it, and, eventually, coded support for quick inferencing with it), those rules can be stated more tersely and reasoning at the collection level is possible.")

;;; relation-type-count
(isa relation-type-count quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa relation-type-count binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa relation-type-count collection)
(arg3-isa relation-type-count collection)
(arg4-isa relation-type-count non-negative-integer)
(comment relation-type-count "(relation-type-count SLOT COL1 COL2 NUM) means that, for every instance of COL1 (INS1) there are exactly NUM instances of COL2 (INS2, INS3, ...) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2), (SLOT INS1 INS3), ..., hold.  Thus, (relation-type-count anatomical-parts dog leg 4) means simply `dogs have four legs'.")

;;; relation-type-max
(isa relation-type-max quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa relation-type-max binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa relation-type-max collection)
(arg3-isa relation-type-max collection)
(arg4-isa relation-type-max positive-integer)
(comment relation-type-max "(relation-type-max SLOT COL1 COL2 NUM) means that, for every instance of COL1 (INS1) there are at most NUM instances of COL2 (INS2, INS3, ...) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2), (SLOT INS1 INS3), ..., hold.  Thus (relation-type-max anatomical-parts mammal leg 4) would mean `every mammal has at most four legs'.")

;;; relation-type-min
(isa relation-type-min quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa relation-type-min binary-predicate)
(arg2-isa relation-type-min collection)
(arg3-isa relation-type-min collection)
(arg4-isa relation-type-min non-negative-integer)
(comment relation-type-min "(relation-type-min SLOT COL1 COL2 NUM) means that, for every instance of COL1 (INS1) there are at least NUM instances of COL2 (INS2, INS3, ...) such that (SLOT INS1 INS2), (SLOT INS1 INS3), ..., hold.  Thus (relation-type-min sub-events eating-event swallowing 1) would mean `every eating event has at least one swallowing sub-event'.")

;;; relatives
(isa relatives family-relation-slot)
(isa relatives symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa relatives reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa relatives transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse relatives relatives)
(arg1-isa relatives animal)
(arg2-isa relatives animal)
(comment relatives "(relatives PERSON1 PERSON2) means PERSON2 is some relative of PERSON1, howsoever the relationship is traced, biologically or through custom, rearing or adoption.")
(comment relatives "(relatives ANIM1 ANIM2) means ANIM2 is some biological relative of ANIM1.")

;;; rents
(isa rents cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds rents cotemporal)
(arg1-isa rents agent)
(arg2-isa rents partially-tangible)
(comment rents "The predicate rents relates an agent to something that s/he is renting.  (rents AGT OBJ) means that the agent AGT is renting the object (possibly a piece of real estate) OBJ from another, unspecified agent.   AGT is the borrower, renter, lessee or tenant.  AGT has temporary use and enjoyment of OBJ, for a charge.  See also temporary-user-rights-agreement, temporary-change-of-user-rights, renting.")

;;; represents-agent-in-event
(isa represents-agent-in-event ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa represents-agent-in-event agent)
(arg2-isa represents-agent-in-event agent)
(arg3-isa represents-agent-in-event temporal-thing)
(comment represents-agent-in-event "ARG1 represents ARG2 in the event ARG3.  ARG2 often has multiple entries, when ARG1 is appointed to represent the group's interests.")

;;; represents-agent-to-agent
(isa represents-agent-to-agent ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa represents-agent-to-agent agent)
(arg2-isa represents-agent-to-agent agent)
(arg3-isa represents-agent-to-agent agent)
(comment represents-agent-to-agent "(represents-agent-to-agent AGENT1 AGENT2 AGENT3) means that in in dealings with AGENT3,  AGENT1 represents AGENT2.  For example, if Joe Terwilliger is a salesman working for IBM, and is their sales rep to NASA, then we could represent that by asserting to Cyc  (represents-agent-to-agent JoeTerwilliger IBM n-a-s-a).")

;;; required-arg1-pred
(isa required-arg1-pred binary-predicate)
(isa required-arg1-pred rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa required-arg1-pred collection)
(arg2-isa required-arg1-pred predicate)
(comment required-arg1-pred "(required-arg1-pred COL PRED) means that for every instance INS of COL, there exists some X1..Xn-1 such that (PRED INS X1 .. Xn-1), where the arity of PRED is n.")

;;; required-arg2-pred
(isa required-arg2-pred rule-macro-predicate)
(isa required-arg2-pred binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa required-arg2-pred collection)
(arg2-isa required-arg2-pred predicate)
(comment required-arg2-pred "(required-arg2-pred COL PRED) means that for every instance INS of COL, there exists some X1..Xn-1 such that (PRED X INS .. Xn-1), where the arity of PRED is n. ")

;;; requires-for-role
(isa requires-for-role ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa requires-for-role situation)
(arg2-isa requires-for-role collection)
(arg3-isa requires-for-role role)
(comment requires-for-role "(requires-for-role ?SIT ?COL ?ROLE) means that success of the situation ?SIT depends upon the existence of an element of the collection ?COL playing the role ?ROLE in ?SIT.")

;;; resembles-in-attribute
(isa resembles-in-attribute ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa resembles-in-attribute thing)
(arg2-isa resembles-in-attribute thing)
(arg3-isa resembles-in-attribute attribute-type)
(comment resembles-in-attribute "(resembles-in-attribute THING1 THING2 ATTRIBUTE) means that the two things THING1 and THING2 resemble each other in their values of the attribute-type ATTRIBUTE.  Here 'resembles' means has a 'close' or similar value in that attribute -- what this means, and what the standard of closeness or similarity is, depends on the context.  See also identical-in-attribute and different-in-attribute.")
(overlapping-external-concept resembles-in-attribute s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIMILARITY")

;;; residence-of-organization
(isa residence-of-organization binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa residence-of-organization organization)
(arg2-isa residence-of-organization geographical-region)
(comment residence-of-organization "The predicate residence-of-organization indicates the geographical location of a particular organization's main offices.  (residence-of-organization ORG GEOGREG) means that the organization ORG has its chief office at the location GEOGREG.  GEOGREG is typically a city but may be a larger or smaller geographical-region.  For example, the residence-of-organization of the united-states-federal-government is the city-of-washington-d-c.")

;;; resides-in-dwelling
(isa resides-in-dwelling cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds resides-in-dwelling cotemporal)
(arg1-isa resides-in-dwelling animal)
(arg1-isa resides-in-dwelling person)
(arg2-isa resides-in-dwelling shelter-construction)
(arg2-isa resides-in-dwelling human-residence)
(comment resides-in-dwelling "(resides-in-dwelling X SHELT) means the person or animal X resides or lives in the shelter-construction SHELT -- meaning the place where it sleeps, spends much of its time, lays its eggs, a place which it cleans and maintains and repairs, a place it defends against intrusion, etc.  A person or animal may reside in more than one dwelling.  For example, a person on a camping trip might resides-in-dwelling some tent, during that trip, and at the same time it would still be true that he or she resides-in-dwelling  their `normal' apartment or house.    See also occupants-are and resides-in-region.  A couple other notes:

Note:  resides-in-dwelling is not the same as legal domicile, though often of course they coincide. 

Note:  resides-in-dwelling is not appropriate for one animal living in/on another, as a parasite or symbiote.  A more general predicate, object-found-in-location, would be the appropriate one to use for the case of a flea living on a dog.")

;;; resides-in-region
(isa resides-in-region cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds resides-in-region cotemporal)
(arg1-isa resides-in-region animal)
(arg2-isa resides-in-region geographical-region)
(comment resides-in-region "(resides-in-region X REG) means the individual animal or person X lives or resides primarily in the geographical-region REG.  Notice that everyone (every first argument X) is likely to have many different regions REG that make the assertion (resides-in-region X REG) true.  E.g., Karen resides in Austin, in Texas, in the United States, in North America, etc.  See also resides-in-dwelling.")

;;; resistance-of-object
(isa resistance-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa resistance-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa resistance-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa resistance-of-object electrical-resistance)
(comment resistance-of-object "(resistance-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of electrical-resistance.  A lower value of DEGREE indicates OBJ is a better conductor, i.e., one that conducts with less energy lost to heat.")

;;; resistance-to-bio-deterioration
(isa resistance-to-bio-deterioration interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa resistance-to-bio-deterioration tangible-object-predicate)
(isa resistance-to-bio-deterioration physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa resistance-to-bio-deterioration partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa resistance-to-bio-deterioration bio-deterioration-resistance)
(comment resistance-to-bio-deterioration "(resistance-to-bio-deterioration OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the indicated DEGREE of resistance to biological deterioration.")

;;; resistance-to-corrosion
(isa resistance-to-corrosion interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa resistance-to-corrosion tangible-object-predicate)
(isa resistance-to-corrosion physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa resistance-to-corrosion partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa resistance-to-corrosion corrosion-resistance)
(comment resistance-to-corrosion "(resistance-to-corrosion OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the stated DEGREE of corrosion-resistance.  The higher DEGREE is, the less readily OBJ will corrode.")

;;; resistance-to-radiation
(isa resistance-to-radiation interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa resistance-to-radiation tangible-object-predicate)
(isa resistance-to-radiation physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa resistance-to-radiation partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa resistance-to-radiation radiation-resistance)
(comment resistance-to-radiation "(resistance-to-radiation OBJ DEGREE) indicates how resistant a tangible object OBJ is to radiation.  A higher DEGREE of resistance means that an object is less penetrable by electromagnetic-radiation.")

;;; response-to
(isa response-to binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa response-to acknowledging--communication-act)
(arg2-isa response-to propositional-information-thing)
(comment response-to "(response-to ?ACT ?PIT) means that ?ACT is an acknowledging act to signify receipt of the abstract information ?PIT that is being acknowledged and to indicate a response.  The ?ACT may be an accepting--communication-act or a rejecting--communication-act, or several others.  Some may be combinations, e.g. David may accept part of wanda's order (say the part about cleaning the kitchen) but not the other part (say cleaning the bathroom).  See also acknowledged-act which relates the two acts directly.")

;;; result-genl
(isa result-genl binary-predicate)
(isa result-genl functional-slot)
(isa result-genl rule-macro-predicate)
(arg1-isa result-genl collection-denoting-function)
(arg2-isa result-genl collection)
(comment result-genl "The Cyc predicate result-genl is used to specify that a certain collection is a superset of the value returned by a particular collection-denoting function.  (result-genl CDF COL) means that when the collection-denoting-function CDF is applied to its legal number and type of arguments, the result will be a subset of the collection COL -- i.e., the genls of (CDF ARG1 [ARG2 ... ARGN]) will include COL.  Examples: (result-genl using-a-fn action), i.e., `every using of a [particular kind of] object is an action'; (result-genl attempting-fn purposeful-action), i.e., `every attempt [at a specific action] is a purposeful act'; (result-genl bachelors-degree-in-fn bachelors-degree), i.e., `every bachelor's degree [in some subject] is a bachelor's degree'; (result-genl joint-type-between-fn connection), i.e., `every joint [between specific things] is a connection'.  See also result-isa.")

;;; result-isa
(isa result-isa rule-macro-predicate)
(isa result-isa intangible-object-predicate)
(isa result-isa binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa result-isa relationship)
(arg2-isa result-isa collection)
(comment result-isa "The Cyc predicate result-isa is used to indicate that the value returned by a particular function is an element of a certain Cyc collection.  In other words, when FUNC is applied to its legal number of valid arguments in a non-atomic term, that resultant term is an element of the collection COL; Thus, (result-isa FUNC COL) means that applications of FUNC return elements of COL; i.e., (result-isa FUNC COL) implies that (isa (FUNC ARG1 [ARG2 ... ARGN]) COL).  For example, since legal uses of plus-fn always return a quantity, (result-isa plus-fn scalar-interval) is asserted in Cyc.  Another example: because Cyc knows that (result-isa government-fn regional-government), Cyc concludes that the government of France is an element of regional-government; i.e., (isa (government-fn france) regional-government).  See also result-genl.")

;;; resultant-mental-objects
(isa resultant-mental-objects binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa resultant-mental-objects perceiving)
(arg2-isa resultant-mental-objects mental-object)
(comment resultant-mental-objects "(resultant-mental-objects PEVT PERCEPT) means that during the perceiving event PEVT, the perceiver acquires the mental-object PERCEPT (i.e., feeling some emotion, deducing some conclusion, observing some facts, etc.)")

;;; rights-granted
(isa rights-granted binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa rights-granted change-in-user-rights)
(arg2-isa rights-granted user-rights-attribute)
(comment rights-granted "This predicate is used to indicate what user-rights-attributes are acquired in events which bring about a change-in-user-rights.  (rights-granted EVENT URA) means that in the change-in-user-rights EVENT, the user-rights-attribute URA is granted (to some agent).  For example, (rights-granted ''LouisianaPurchase'' exclusive-user-rights), since no country other than the USA could then claim it as one of their territories.   If EVENT is a buying event, then almost always both (rights-granted EVENT full-use-rights) and (rights-granted EVENT exclusive-user-rights) are true.")

;;; rigidity-of-object
(isa rigidity-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa rigidity-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa rigidity-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa rigidity-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa rigidity-of-object rigidity)
(comment rigidity-of-object "(rigidity-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has this DEGREE of rigidity.  A higher DEGREE of rigidity means more force is required to change the shape of OBJ than for a lower DEGREE.")

;;; rotationally-connected-to
(not 
  (isa rotationally-connected-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa rotationally-connected-to irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa rotationally-connected-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa rotationally-connected-to connection-predicate)
(isa rotationally-connected-to spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds rotationally-connected-to connected-to)
(genl-inverse rotationally-connected-to rotationally-connected-to)
(arg1-isa rotationally-connected-to solid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa rotationally-connected-to solid-tangible-thing)
(comment rotationally-connected-to "(rotationally-connected-to OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are connected in such a way that rotational motion, and only rotational motion, can happen between them.  The rotational motion may be fully or partially rotational.  Non-rotational movement between two rotationally connected objects at their connection point can occur only if the connection is broken, deformed, or disassembled.  Positive examples: Femurs are rotationally connected to hips, doors are rotationally connected to door frames, doorknobs are rotationally connected to doors, and propellers are rotationally connected to airplanes; in computer trackballs the ball is rotationally connected to the housing.  Negative examples: a planet orbiting around a star (they are not connected).  Cf. moving-in-a-circle.")

;;; salient-assertions
(isa salient-assertions binary-predicate)
(isa salient-assertions meta-knowledge-predicate)
(arg1-isa salient-assertions reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa salient-assertions assertion)
(comment salient-assertions "(salient-assertions ?TERM ?ASSERTION) means that some cyclist has deemed it useful to mark ?ASSERTION as one of the assertions which is most useful to examine when trying to figure out the intended meaning of ?TERM.  Statements using salient-assertions are wholly intended for human consumption; they are not used by Cyc's inference engine in any way. ")

;;; salutation
(isa salutation binary-predicate)
(isa salutation intangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa salutation person)
(arg2-isa salutation courtesy-title)
(comment salutation "(salutation PRSN TITLE) means the person PRSN's name may have the courtesy-title TITLE attached to it, such as: Mr., Ms., Mrs., Miss, Dr., etc., when that person is addressed.")

;;; satisfies-description
(isa satisfies-description ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa satisfies-description cyc-system-list)
(arg2-isa satisfies-description cyc-system-list)
(arg3-isa satisfies-description microtheory)
(comment satisfies-description "ARG1 is a list of things (item1, item2, ...) which, taken together, satisfy the descriptions in the MT ARG3 of the roles listed in ARG2 (role1, role2, ...).  For example, we might see (satisfies-description (Joe Jane) (TheHusband TheWife) human-social-life-mt).")

;;; satisfies-standard
(isa satisfies-standard binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa satisfies-standard formal-product-type)
(arg1-genl satisfies-standard product)
(arg2-isa satisfies-standard product-standard)
(comment satisfies-standard "The predicate satisfies-standard is used to identify a product standard that applies to a certain type of products.  (satisfies-standard PRODTYPE STAND) means that every instance of the formal-product-type PRODTYPE satisfies the product-standard STAND.  STAND will contain a description of the desired physical form and/or function for the type of product (or service) denoted by PRODTYPE, and the instances of PRODTYPE fulfill those specifications.  See also product-standard.")

;;; schooling
(isa schooling ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa schooling person)
(arg2-isa schooling educational-organization)
(arg3-isa schooling student-status-attribute)
(comment schooling "(schooling PERSN SCHL LVL) means person PERSN has attained formal schooling up to education-level-attribute LVL at the educational-organization SCHL.  This will refer to a particular sub-abstrac of a person, not the person as a whole lifetime entity.  And of course the schooling itself generally occurs at but one of many time-slices of the school.")

;;; sees
(isa sees perceiving-slot)
(genl-preds sees perceives)
(arg1-isa sees perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa sees temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa sees spatial-thing)
(comment sees "(sees AGENT OBJ) means that the perceptual-agent AGENT perceives at least some of the visual properties (color, shape, texture, etc) of the object(s) or event(s) OBJ.")

;;; seller
(isa seller actor-slot)
(isa seller asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds seller exchangers)
(arg1-isa seller commercial-activity)
(arg2-isa seller agent)
(comment seller "The predicate seller relates an agent to a sales event.  (seller EVENT AGENT) means that the agent AGENT sells something in the commercial-activity EVENT.")

;;; selling-agent
(isa selling-agent functional-slot)
(isa selling-agent actor-slot)
(isa selling-agent asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa selling-agent anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa selling-agent irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds selling-agent selling-performer)
(genl-preds selling-agent mediators)
(arg1-isa selling-agent commercial-activity)
(arg2-isa selling-agent legal-agent)
(comment selling-agent "A selling agent acts on behalf of a would be seller to bring about a buying event involving his/her/its client as the seller. ")

;;; selling-performer
(isa selling-performer irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa selling-performer anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa selling-performer asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa selling-performer actor-slot)
(genl-preds selling-performer performed-by)
(genl-preds selling-performer social-participants)
(arg1-isa selling-performer commercial-activity)
(arg2-isa selling-performer legal-agent)
(comment selling-performer "(sellingPerformer COM AGENT) means that the commercial-activity COM is performed-by the agent AGENT, who in that event actually pursues and attempts to make a sale.  AGENT may also be (and in many cases is) the seller of the goods or services sold, or s/he may be the selling-agent representing the seller.")

;;; sells-product-type
(isa sells-product-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sells-product-type medical-care-organization)
(arg1-isa sells-product-type insurance-provider)
(arg2-isa sells-product-type product-type)
(comment sells-product-type "The predicate sells-product-type identifies a particular seller of a specific product.  (sells-product-type AGT PRODTYPE) means that the individual agent AGT sells the product-type PRODTYPE.  For example, the Wendy's in the Texas Student Union sells hamburgers.  The implication is that AGT typically and often sells products of PRODTYPE, not just as a one-time sale.")

;;; sender-of-info
(isa sender-of-info actor-slot)
(isa sender-of-info asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds sender-of-info information-origin)
(genl-preds sender-of-info done-by)
(genl-preds sender-of-info deliberate-actors)
(arg1-isa sender-of-info information-transfer-event)
(arg2-isa sender-of-info agent)
(comment sender-of-info "The predicate sender-of-info is used to indicate the sending agent in a particular transfer of information.  (sender-of-info TRANSFER SENDER) means that SENDER is an agent who is the source of information transferred in the information-transfer-event TRANSFER.  At the time of TRANSFER (and typically for some period beforehand), SENDER conceives of the information transferred in TRANSFER.  It's not the case that SENDER necessarily knows the `information' or has it among his/her beliefs, because TRANSFER could involve lying; e.g., george-washington's telling his father, `I didn't chop down the cherry tree'.  SENDER normally performs TRANSFER intentionally, but some transfers may be unintentional; e.g., when one repeats some gossip unwittingly within earshot of the person being discussed, the transfer to the overhearer is unintentional.  See also info-transferred.")

;;; senior-executives
(isa senior-executives cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa senior-executives asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa senior-executives anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds senior-executives has-workers)
(genl-preds senior-executives cotemporal)
(arg1-isa senior-executives organization)
(arg2-isa senior-executives person)
(comment senior-executives "The predicate senior-executives is used to identify the upper-level managers in a particular organization.  (senior-executives ORG PERSON) means PERSON is an employee with a high executive position in the organization ORG.  senior-executives relates an organization to the people who hold its principal corporate offices (company-president, etc.) and also positions like Chief of Staff, General, Admiral, Chief Corporate Counsel, Managing Partner, Chief Scientist, Chief Engineer, etc.")

;;; sensory-response
(isa sensory-response quaternary-predicate)
(isa sensory-response functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa sensory-response physical-event)
(arg2-isa sensory-response actor-slot)
(arg3-isa sensory-response sensory-reaction-type)
(arg3-genl sensory-response sensory-attribute)
(arg4-isa sensory-response generic-attribute)
(comment sensory-response "(sensory-response EVT ROLE SENSTYPE DEGREE) means that a perceptual-agent who participates in the physical-event EVT in the manner ROLE has an immediate sensory reaction of the sensory-reaction-type SENSTYPE with DEGREE of intensity. For example, Cyc's knowledge base contains a rule that says that if $E is a touching-something-very-cold event, then (sensory-response $E done-by level-of-discomfort positive) --- i.e., that whoever does that touching action is likely to feel some discomfort. Note that sensory-response is one of the few predicates that are quaternary; i.e., that take four arguments.")

;;; series-length
(isa series-length binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa series-length series)
(arg2-isa series-length positive-integer)
(comment series-length "(series-length SER LEN) means that the series, SER, is LEN members long.  Note that some series have an unknown or infinite number of members.")

;;; series-ordered-by
(isa series-ordered-by binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa series-ordered-by series)
(arg2-isa series-ordered-by binary-predicate)
(comment series-ordered-by "(series-ordered-by SER PRED) means that PRED is the relation that imposes an order on the members of SER.  Each member of the series stands in the relation PRED to the succeeding members of the series.  For example, if SER is a line of cars driving north, the ordering relation might be north-of (or ''aheadOf''). ")

;;; series-ordered-by-inverse
(isa series-ordered-by-inverse binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa series-ordered-by-inverse series)
(arg2-isa series-ordered-by-inverse binary-predicate)
(comment series-ordered-by-inverse "(series-ordered-by-inverse SER PRED) means that PRED is the relation that imposes an order on the members of SER.  Each member of the series stands in the relation PRED to the series members that come before it.  For example, if SER is a line of cars driving south, the ordering relation might be north-of (or ''behind'').  See also series-ordered-by.")

;;; shape
(isa shape physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa shape shape-describing-predicate)
(arg1-isa shape partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa shape shape-type)
(arg2-genl shape abstract-shape)
(comment shape "The predicate shape is used to indicate the type of geometrical shape that characterizes a particular object.  (shape OBJ SHAPETYPE) means that the tangible object OBJ has an overall geometrical shape of the kind SHAPETYPE.  For example, the shape of the Transamerica Building in San Francisco is a pyramid-shape.  Other elements of shape-type include square, circle, sphere-shape, cylinder-shape, etc.")
(synonymous-external-concept shape s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SHAPE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION")

;;; shared-notes
(isa shared-notes binary-predicate)
(isa shared-notes distributing-meta-knowledge-predicate)
(isa shared-notes meta-knowledge-predicate)
(arg1-isa shared-notes cyc-indexed-term)
(arg1-isa shared-notes thing)
(arg2-isa shared-notes shared-note)
(comment shared-notes "shared-notes is a predicate belonging to the Cyc collection documentation-constant.  Often KB builders wish to repeat the same documentation in the comment of many constants.  Rather than actually duplicating text in the KB, it is possible to create a special constant to 'hold' the documentation; this constant will be an instance of shared-note.  (shared-notes X N) means that N is an element of shared-note whose comment contains shared documentation about the constant X.  Since shared-notes are usually shared, it is reasonable to expect other axioms, such as (sharedNotes Y N) and (sharedNotes Z N) to be in the KB as well.")

;;; shareholders
(not 
  (isa shareholders irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa shareholders reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa shareholders asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa shareholders anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa shareholders symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa shareholders transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa shareholders binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa shareholders organization)
(arg2-isa shareholders agent)
(comment shareholders "The predicate shareholders identifies particular agents as owners of shares in a particular organization.  (shareholders ORG AGENT) means AGENT owns one or more shares of stock in the company ORG and hence is an owner of the company and may receive dividends from the company.  shareholders indicates owners of a company's stock generically, whether they hold common or preferred shares.  Voting shareholders may vote (one vote per share) for the Board of Directors.  Shareholders do not normally participate in the operation of a company, and they are not personally liable for the debts of the company.")

;;; shear-strength-of-object
(isa shear-strength-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa shear-strength-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa shear-strength-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa shear-strength-of-object shear-strength)
(comment shear-strength-of-object "(shear-strength-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has a DEGREE amount of shear-strength, i.e., resistance to shearing stress.")

;;; sheet-surface-connected
(not 
  (isa sheet-surface-connected asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa sheet-surface-connected symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa sheet-surface-connected transitive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa sheet-surface-connected reflexive-binary-predicate))
(isa sheet-surface-connected inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa sheet-surface-connected connection-predicate)
(isa sheet-surface-connected spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds sheet-surface-connected touches-directly)
(genl-preds sheet-surface-connected connected-to)
(arg1-isa sheet-surface-connected sheet-of-some-stuff)
(arg2-isa sheet-surface-connected partially-tangible)
(comment sheet-surface-connected "(sheet-surface-connected MEMBRANE OBJ2) means that  MEMBRANE is connected all over most of one surface to a surface of OBJ2.  For example, a bi-layer membrane would have two parts sheet-surface-connected to each other.  Or, a membrane could be attached over most of its surface to an object's surface, as the visceral-pleura is attached to the surface of the lung in the  body.  The membrane(s) may be flexible, but the surface connection is firm (i.e. no sliding can occur without a separation, tearing, or breaking occurring).")

;;; sibling-disjoint-exceptions
(isa sibling-disjoint-exceptions irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa sibling-disjoint-exceptions symmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa sibling-disjoint-exceptions transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-inverse sibling-disjoint-exceptions sibling-disjoint-exceptions)
(arg1-isa sibling-disjoint-exceptions collection)
(arg2-isa sibling-disjoint-exceptions collection)
(comment sibling-disjoint-exceptions "The predicate sibling-disjoint-exceptions is used to state exceptions to constraints normally imposed from sibling-disjoint-collection.  (sibling-disjoint-exceptions COL1 COL2) means that the relationship between the collections COL1 and COL2 is exempt from the disjointness constraint which would otherwise be imposed because COL1 and COL2 are both instances of some element of sibling-disjoint-collection.  (See sibling-disjoint-collection for a full explanation of the constraints.)   For example, killing--biological and physically-attacking-an-agent are both elements of default-disjoint-script-type, which in turn is an element of sibling-disjoint-collection.  The exception is useful in this case because it lifts the constraint that physically attacking and killing an agent must be disjoint from each other, while letting us continue to conclude that killing and attacking are each disjoint from many other kinds of actions.  By asserting (sibling-disjoint-exceptions killing--biological physically-attacking-an-agent), we block the disjointness constraint between those two collections, without disturbing the constraints between each of those collections and all the other instances of their parent (disjoint) collection, default-disjoint-script-type.  In other words, (sibling-disjoint-exceptions COL1 COL2) prevents COL1 and COL2 from being considered disjoint if they would otherwise be disjoint due to their being both instances of the same sibling-disjoint-collection.")

;;; sibling-organizations
(not 
  (isa sibling-organizations transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa sibling-organizations irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa sibling-organizations symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-inverse sibling-organizations sibling-organizations)
(arg1-isa sibling-organizations organization)
(arg2-isa sibling-organizations organization)
(comment sibling-organizations "The predicate sibling-organizations relates two organizations which are immediate sub-organizations of a common (unspecified) parent organization.  (sibling-organizations ORG1 ORG2) means that the organizations ORG1 and ORG2 are sister organizations within some hierarchically structured organization; ORG1 and ORG2 are at the same `level' from the top.")

;;; siblings
(isa siblings irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa siblings symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa siblings family-relation-slot)
(not 
  (isa siblings transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds siblings acquainted-with)
(genl-preds siblings positive-vested-interest)
(genl-preds siblings biological-relatives)
(genl-inverse siblings siblings)
(arg1-isa siblings animal)
(arg2-isa siblings animal)
(comment siblings "(siblings ANIM1 ANIM2) means that ANIM1 and ANIM2 are siblings.  Either they share one or more biological parents, or are siblings by adoption, marriage, or some other social arrangement.  Generally siblings are reasonably close in age (within 15 years or so) and have grown up together in the same family.")

;;; simultaneous-with
(isa simultaneous-with transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa simultaneous-with reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa simultaneous-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa simultaneous-with primitive-temporal-relation)
(genl-preds simultaneous-with cotemporal)
(genl-inverse simultaneous-with simultaneous-with)
(arg1-isa simultaneous-with time-point)
(arg2-isa simultaneous-with time-point)
(comment simultaneous-with "(simultaneous-with ?X ?Y) means that time-points ?X and ?Y occur at exactly the same time. 
Note:  Individual time-points are seldom mentioned in axioms; rather, the axiom is likely to use some complex-temporal-relation, such as cotemporal or temporal-bounds-identical, which holds between two temporal-things.   These complex-temporal-relations are themselves usually defined in terms of primitive-temporal-relations, such as after and simultaneous-with, which relate one time-point to another.")

;;; singular
(isa singular intangible-object-predicate)
(isa singular binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa singular english-word)
(arg2-isa singular character-string)
(comment singular "(singular WORD STRING) means that STRING is the singular noun form of WORD.  For example, the singular form of hit--the-word is `hit'.")

;;; skill-capable-of
(isa skill-capable-of ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa skill-capable-of animal)
(arg2-isa skill-capable-of collection)
(arg2-genl skill-capable-of situation)
(arg3-isa skill-capable-of role)
(comment skill-capable-of "The predicate skill-capable-of indicates that an agent has the skill to take a certain role in a certain type of situation or event.  (skill-capable-of AGT SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that a particular agent AGT has the necessary skills to act in this ROLE in normal instances of SIT-TYPE.  For example, to express that gumby is capable of swimming, Cyc would say (skill-capable-of gumby swimming--generic performed-by).  skill-capable-of entails that AGT has any anatomical and/or intellectual prerequisites for performing the skill; however, it is neutral as to whether AGT has the necessary resources of time, money, opportunity, etc., to use the skill in any particular situation of SIT-TYPE.")

;;; skill-level
(isa skill-level quintary-predicate)
(arg1-isa skill-level something-existing)
(arg2-isa skill-level collection)
(arg2-genl skill-level event)
(arg3-isa skill-level actor-slot)
(arg4-isa skill-level script-performance-attribute-type)
(arg4-genl skill-level script-performance-attribute)
(arg5-isa skill-level generic-attribute)
(comment skill-level "This predicate relates performers to types of actions.  (skill-level OBJ ACT-TYPE ROLE PERF-ATT LEVEL) means that the something-existing OBJ has the ability to play the role ROLE in elements of the type of event ACT-TYPE, with LEVEL degree of PERF-ATT.  For example, (skill-level Joe digging-a-hole performed-by agility high) means that, in general, Joe can dig holes with great agility.  To talk about actual performance in a particular action, use performance-level.")

;;; skill-required
(isa skill-required quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa skill-required script-type)
(arg1-genl skill-required animal-activity)
(arg2-isa skill-required script-type)
(arg2-genl skill-required animal-activity)
(arg3-isa skill-required script-performance-attribute-type)
(arg3-genl skill-required script-performance-attribute)
(arg4-isa skill-required generic-attribute)
(comment skill-required "(skill-required ACT-TYPE OTHER-TYPE PERF-ATT LEVEL) means that if one is to successfully perform an instance of some kind of action (ACT-TYPE), then one must be capable of performing instances of another kind of action (OTHER-TYPE) with the performance attribute PERF-ATT at a level of at least LEVEL.  For example, (skill-required PlayingVolleyball ServingAVolleyball competence low).  If you can't even serve a volleyball at a `Low' competence level, you're not so much `playing' volleyball as developing the skills to play it.")

;;; skin-color
(isa skin-color functional-slot)
(isa skin-color physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa skin-color person)
(arg2-isa skin-color color)
(comment skin-color "(skin-color PERSON SKINCOL) means person PERSON has the human-skin-color SKINCOL.")

;;; smells
(isa smells perceiving-slot)
(isa smells cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds smells cotemporal)
(genl-preds smells perceives)
(arg1-isa smells perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa smells spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa smells temporal-thing)
(comment smells "(smells ?AGT ?OBJ) means that OBJ releases a scent (see odor) which the perceptual-agent ?AGT is able to perceive.  In the situation 'Joe smells the coffee burning' Cyc should know both (smells Joe Coffee01) and (smells Joe BurningOfCoffeeEvent01).")

;;; social-class
(isa social-class interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa social-class person)
(arg2-isa social-class social-class--lifestyle)
(comment social-class "(social-class PRSN CLS) means that in the surrounding culture, the person PRSN has the social-class--lifestyle CLS.  As the name suggests, this predicate indicates PRSN's approximate social status as determined by his or her style of life -- quality of life, access to material goods and services, and social associations.  It may also depend on a cultural non-material system of social rank, based on birth, office, manners, vocal accent or other factors.  E.g., (social-class donald-trump upper-class) was true even when he lost his fortune and was (temporarily) bankrupt; and (social-class bill-gates upper-middle-class) was true, at least for a while, after he became a billionaire.  This is a good example of a predicate whose precise meaning, and associated heuristic rules, vary quite a bit from context to context, such as from country to country, from century to century, etc.")

;;; social-participants
(isa social-participants irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa social-participants actor-slot)
(isa social-participants asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds social-participants pre-actors)
(arg1-isa social-participants social-occurrence)
(arg2-isa social-participants agent)
(comment social-participants "(social-participants SO AGT) means that the agent AGT participates --- in some social role --- in the social-occurrence SO.  In every culture there are many specializations of this actor-slot; some social-occurrences have very elaborate role structures (e.g., a lawsuit in 1990's America), and some are fairly simple (e.g., rudely bumping into someone.)  See social-occurrence.")

;;; social-status
(isa social-status functional-predicate)
(isa social-status quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa social-status person)
(arg2-isa social-status social-status-attribute-type)
(arg3-isa social-status existing-object-type)
(arg3-genl social-status person)
(arg4-isa social-status generic-attribute)
(comment social-status "(social-status PRSN STAT GROUP DEGREE) means that the person PRSN has the social status type STAT (such qualities as glamor, credibility, etc.) at the generic strength level DEGREE (e.g., high, very-low, low, etc.), according to the reference population group GROUP.  For example, in the context of 1980s America, it was true that (social-status madonna glamor human-teenager very-high).  I.e., Madonna had a `high glamor' status among American teenagers in the 1980's.")

;;; soluble-in
(isa soluble-in inter-existing-object-slot)
(isa soluble-in tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa soluble-in partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa soluble-in liquid-tangible-thing)
(comment soluble-in "(soluble-in SOLUTE SOLVENT) means that the piece of partially-tangible stuff SOLUTE will ordinarily dissolve if placed into the liquid-tangible-thing SOLVENT.  See also solubility.")

;;; solute
(isa solute cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa solute anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa solute composition-predicate)
(genl-preds solute cotemporal)
(genl-preds solute constituents)
(arg1-isa solute solution)
(arg2-isa solute partially-tangible)
(comment solute "The predicate solute indicates a particular tangible-thing in a solution which is dissolved in the solvent of that solution.")

;;; solvent
(isa solvent cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa solvent composition-predicate)
(genl-preds solvent cotemporal)
(genl-preds solvent main-constituent)
(arg1-isa solvent solution)
(arg2-isa solvent partially-tangible)
(comment solvent "The predicate solvent indicates a particular liquid in a solution in which the solute is dissolved.")

;;; space-region-portals
(isa space-region-portals binary-predicate)
(isa space-region-portals physical-part-predicate)
(genl-preds space-region-portals cotemporal)
(arg1-isa space-region-portals interior)
(arg2-isa space-region-portals portal)
(comment space-region-portals "(spaceRegionPortals REGION HOLE) means that HOLE is a portal into the interior region REGION.  All the portals of this interior space region are related to it by spaceRegionPortals.")

;;; spatially-intersects
(isa spatially-intersects symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa spatially-intersects reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa spatially-intersects transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds spatially-intersects near)
(genl-inverse spatially-intersects spatially-intersects)
(arg1-isa spatially-intersects spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa spatially-intersects spatial-thing)
(comment spatially-intersects "(spatially-intersects REGION1 REGION2) is true if and only if REGION1 and REGION2 share a common sub-region.")

;;; spatially-intrinsic-arg
(isa spatially-intrinsic-arg binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa spatially-intrinsic-arg predicate)
(arg2-isa spatially-intrinsic-arg positive-integer)
(comment spatially-intrinsic-arg "(spatially-intrinsic-arg PRED N) means that the Cyc predicate PRED expresses a property that is spatially intrinsic for its argument position N. That means, if a formula using PRED



is true for some object OBJ (in the Nth argument position), we can assume the truth of every similar formula in which any spatial part of OBJ is substituted in for OBJ. For



example, since (spatially-intrinsic-arg temperature-of-object 1) is true, if we know (temperature-of-object `Coffee007' (degree-celsius 90)), we can expect that any spatial part of `Coffee007' will also have that temperature. An example of a property that is NOT spatially intrinsic is mass-of-object; though a whole rock may weigh two pounds, there are spatial parts of the rock that don't.  Another example of a relation that is not spatially intrinsic, but might at first seem to be, is constituents.  In (constituents `ChocolateMilk37' `Milk36'), it is not the case that every spatial part of `ChocolateMilk37' has `Milk36' among its constituents.  constituents means, rather, that every part of its first argument has some part of the second argument among its components, but that is different from the intended meaning of spatially-intrinsic-arg.")

;;; spectators
(isa spectators irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa spectators asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa spectators actor-slot)
(genl-preds spectators pre-actors)
(arg1-isa spectators event)
(arg2-isa spectators agent)
(comment spectators "(spectators E AGT) means that in the event E,  the agent AGT is an onlooker of E but not actively acting in it in any other way.   AGT will observe all or part of E.")

;;; speed-of-object--translation
(isa speed-of-object--translation interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa speed-of-object--translation partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa speed-of-object--translation speed)
(comment speed-of-object--translation "The predicate speed-of-object--translation is used to give the speed with which an object is moving in a particular translational motion.  As you should remember from freshman physics, velocity has a speed and direction.  Speed is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has no direction, only magnitude.  Thus, `100 miles per hour straight up' is a velocity, and `100 miles per hour' is the corresponding speed.")

;;; spouse
(isa spouse anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa spouse symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa spouse inter-actor-slot)
(isa spouse family-relation-slot)
(not 
  (isa spouse transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds spouse loves)
(genl-preds spouse mate)
(genl-preds spouse cohabiting-family-members)
(genl-inverse spouse spouse)
(arg1-isa spouse person)
(arg2-isa spouse person)
(comment spouse "(spouse PERSON1 PERSON2) means the two persons PERSON1 and PERSON2 are married.  
Note: in some contexts (cultures), a person is not restricted to having only one cotemporal spouse.")

;;; starting-date
(isa starting-date binary-predicate)
(genl-preds starting-date starts-during)
(arg1-isa starting-date temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starting-date date)
(comment starting-date "(starting-date ?X ?Y) indicates that ?Y is a date such that (temporally-subsumes ?Y (start-fn ?X)). This is NOT the same as starting-point (qv).  Rather, it means that ?X happened (started to happen, came into existence, etc.) sometime on that date.
Note:  the date is tied to a time interval on a calendar, but need not be a particular day; it might be a particular calendar month, a particular calendar year, etc.")

;;; starting-point
(isa starting-point temporal-relation)
(arg1-isa starting-point temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starting-point time-point)
(comment starting-point "(starting-point ?X ?T) indicates that ?T is the time-point at which ?X begins, the earliest moment of its temporal extent.")

;;; starts-after-ending-of
(isa starts-after-ending-of complex-temporal-relation)
(isa starts-after-ending-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa starts-after-ending-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa starts-after-ending-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds starts-after-ending-of starts-after-starting-of)
(genl-preds starts-after-ending-of ends-after-ending-of)
(genl-preds starts-after-ending-of temporally-disjoint)
(arg1-isa starts-after-ending-of temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starts-after-ending-of temporal-thing)
(comment starts-after-ending-of "(starts-after-ending-of AFTER BEFORE) means (after (start-fn AFTER) (end-fn BEFORE)).   That is, the starting-point of AFTER is later than the ending-point of BEFORE.



Note:  Cyc's starts-after-ending-of relation is equivalent to what James Allen independently dubbed the AFTER relation.")

;;; starts-after-starting-of
(isa starts-after-starting-of irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa starts-after-starting-of complex-temporal-relation)
(isa starts-after-starting-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa starts-after-starting-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds starts-after-starting-of ends-after-starting-of)
(arg1-isa starts-after-starting-of temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starts-after-starting-of temporal-thing)
(comment starts-after-starting-of "(starts-after-starting-of X Y) means (after (start-fn X) (start-fn Y)).  That is, the starting-point of X is later than the starting-point of Y.  This implies nothing about whether X and Y overlap, or how much they overlap, except that they can't be fully cotemporal.")
(overlapping-external-concept starts-after-starting-of s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "FOLLOW")

;;; starts-during
(isa starts-during irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa starts-during complex-temporal-relation)
(isa starts-during asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa starts-during transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds starts-during starts-after-starting-of)
(genl-preds starts-during temporal-bounds-intersect)
(genl-inverse starts-during ends-after-starting-of)
(arg1-isa starts-during temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starts-during temporal-thing)
(comment starts-during "(starts-during ?X ?Y) means ?Y covers the start of ?X, i.e. the starting-point of ?X is properly contained (temporal-bounds-contain) within ?Y.  Note that ?X and ?Y do not necessarily intersect in time, however, they would if ?Y were temporally-continuous.")

;;; starts-relative-to-end-of
(isa starts-relative-to-end-of ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa starts-relative-to-end-of temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starts-relative-to-end-of time--quantity)
(arg3-isa starts-relative-to-end-of temporal-thing)
(comment starts-relative-to-end-of " (starts-relative-to-end-of ?X ?D ?Y) means that the ?X starts duration ?D after ?Y ends.  That is, the starting-point of ?X is after the ending-point of ?Y, by an amount of time ?D.")

;;; starts-relative-to-start-of
(isa starts-relative-to-start-of ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa starts-relative-to-start-of temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa starts-relative-to-start-of time--quantity)
(arg3-isa starts-relative-to-start-of temporal-thing)
(comment starts-relative-to-start-of " (starts-relative-to-start-of ?X ?D ?Y) means that ?X starts duration ?D after ?Y starts.  That is, the starting-point of ?X is after the starting-point of ?Y, by an amount of time ?D.")

;;; state-of-address
(isa state-of-address functional-slot)
(genl-preds state-of-address object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa state-of-address contact-location)
(arg2-isa state-of-address country-subsidiary)
(comment state-of-address "(state-of-address LOC STATE) means that the contact-location LOC is located in STATE.  Note that STATE may be an element of state--geopolitical (q.v.), or it may belong to some other kind of country-subsidiary.  For example, cycorp's state-of-address is texas--state.  See also contact-location.")

;;; state-of-device
(isa state-of-device tangible-object-predicate)
(isa state-of-device functional-slot)
(genl-preds state-of-device has-attributes)
(arg1-isa state-of-device physical-device)
(arg2-isa state-of-device device-state)
(comment state-of-device "This predicate is used to identify the state of operation that a particular device is in.  (state-of-device DEV STATE) means that the physical-device DEV is in the device-state STATE.  Thus, (state-of-device HAL device-off) says that the computer HAL is switched off.")

;;; state-of-matter
(isa state-of-matter interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa state-of-matter tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa state-of-matter partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa state-of-matter state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous)
(comment state-of-matter "The predicate state-of-matter is used to indicate the physical state of a tangible thing.  (state-of-matter SUBST STATE) means that the tangible substance SUBST is in the physical state STATE.  STATE is an element of state-of-matter--solid-liquid-gaseous (solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous).")

;;; street-address-text
(isa street-address-text functional-slot)
(arg1-isa street-address-text contact-location)
(arg2-isa street-address-text street-address)
(comment street-address-text "The predicate street-address-text maps from a particular place to a string representing its street address.  (street-address-text LOC STREET) means that LOC is found at the number and street given in the string STREET.  See also contact-location.")

;;; structure-member-isa
(isa structure-member-isa binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa structure-member-isa situation)
(arg2-isa structure-member-isa collection)
(comment structure-member-isa "(structure-member-isa SIT COL) means that each of the structure-members of the situation SIT is an element of the collection COL.")

;;; structure-members
(isa structure-members binary-predicate)
(genl-preds structure-members parts)
(arg1-isa structure-members situation)
(arg2-isa structure-members thing)
(comment structure-members "structure-members is a very general predicate, encompassing all the ways a situation's structure can be composed out of parts.  In (structure-members WHOL PRT), PRT could be a member of a group or series (if WHOL is a group or series), the sub-events of an event (if WHOL is an event), and so on.")

;;; stuck-to
(not 
  (isa stuck-to irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa stuck-to reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa stuck-to transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa stuck-to symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa stuck-to connection-predicate)
(isa stuck-to spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds stuck-to connected-to--rigidly)
(genl-inverse stuck-to stuck-to)
(arg1-isa stuck-to partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa stuck-to partially-tangible)
(comment stuck-to "(stuck-to OBJ1 OBJ2) means that OBJ1 and OBJ2 are held together by an adhesive force that is at least strong enough to support the whole weight of (the lighter of) OBJ1 or OBJ2.  Either OBJ1 or OBJ2 must be `sticky' or have a sticky surface; e.g., duct tape, honey, chewing gum, and perhaps magnetism.  stuck-to may represent a weak form of connection, one that may be separated by manual force.







Note: If a third object (such as glue) supplies the adhesive force holding OBJ1 and OBJ2 together, or if OBJ1 or OBJ2 were acted on non-trivially (e.g., welding, not simply contact or pressure), then see bonded-to and its specializations.")

;;; stuff-used
(isa stuff-used actor-slot)
(genl-preds stuff-used instrument--generic)
(arg1-isa stuff-used event)
(arg2-isa stuff-used partially-tangible)
(comment stuff-used "The predicate stuff-used relates an event to some tangible substance which facilitates that event.  (stuff-used EVENT STUFF) means that STUFF is a portion of an element of existing-stuff-type which plays an instrumental role in EVENT.  STUFF may or may not be consumed in the course of EVENT.  Examples: portions of water are stuff-used in instances of washing-dishes, washing-hair, washing-clothes-in-a-machine, etc.; portions of edible-oil are stuff-used in some instances of frying food and baking-bread.")

;;; sub-abs-of-entity-after
(isa sub-abs-of-entity-after ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sub-abs-of-entity-after entity)
(arg2-isa sub-abs-of-entity-after something-existing)
(arg3-isa sub-abs-of-entity-after temporal-thing)
(comment sub-abs-of-entity-after "(sub-abs-of-entity-after ?X ?Y ?Z) indicates that ?X is an entity,  ?Y is some subabstraction of ?X, and (contiguous-after ?Y ?Z).  This provides one way to talk about the effects wrought by some state-changing process.  For example, for Washing001 involving Hair001, (sub-abs-of-entity-after Hair001 ?SUB Washing001) would imply that ?SUB is Wet.  Usually the preferred alternative is to use the holds-in representation: (holds-in (s-t-i-f Washing001) 'Hair001 is Wet').")

;;; sub-abs-of-entity-before
(isa sub-abs-of-entity-before ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sub-abs-of-entity-before entity)
(arg2-isa sub-abs-of-entity-before something-existing)
(arg3-isa sub-abs-of-entity-before temporal-thing)
(comment sub-abs-of-entity-before "(sub-abs-of-entity-before ?X ?Y ?Z) indicates that ?X is an entity,  ?Y is some subabstraction of ?X, and (contiguous-after ?Z ?Y). This provides one way to talk about pre-conditions for some state-changing process.  For example, 'Egg001 was raw before being scrambled' -- if (sub-abs-of-entity-before Egg001 ?SUB Scrambling001), then ?SUB is raw.  Usually the preferred alternative is to use the holds-in representation: (holds-in (s-t-i-b Scrambling001) 'Egg001 is raw').")

;;; sub-abs-of-entity-during
(isa sub-abs-of-entity-during ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sub-abs-of-entity-during entity)
(arg2-isa sub-abs-of-entity-during something-existing)
(arg3-isa sub-abs-of-entity-during temporal-thing)
(comment sub-abs-of-entity-during "(sub-abs-of-entity-during ENTITY SUB TEMP) -- SUB is a sub-abstrac (a time-slice) of the entity ENTITY, and SUB is cotemporal with the temporal-thing TEMP.  For example, (sub-abs-of-entity-during Karen KarenDuring1992 the-year1992).")

;;; sub-abstrac
(isa sub-abstrac temporal-part-slot)
(isa sub-abstrac transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-abstrac anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-abstrac reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds sub-abstrac time-slices)
(genl-preds sub-abstrac temporally-subsumes)
(genl-preds sub-abstrac parts)
(arg1-isa sub-abstrac something-existing)
(arg2-isa sub-abstrac something-existing)
(comment sub-abstrac "(sub-abstrac WHOLE SUB) means SUB is a temporal part 
(one of the time-slices) of WHOLE, where WHOLE and SUB are both elements of 
something-existing.  Both entities and subabstractions are subabstactions of 
themselves.  So the predicate sub-abstrac is the restriction of the predicate 
time-slices to the domain, and hence also range, something-existing.  
`AlbertEinsteinWhileAtPrinceton' is a sub-abstrac of `AlbertEinsteinAsAnAdult',
 which in turn is a sub-abstrac of 'AlbertEinstein', which in turn is a 
sub-abstrac only of itself (hence 'AlbertEinstein' is an element of 
entity (q.v.)).")

;;; sub-agreements
(isa sub-agreements asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-agreements transitive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sub-agreements agreement)
(arg2-isa sub-agreements agreement)
(comment sub-agreements "The predicate sub-agreements relates a particular agreement to the subordinate agreements it comprises.  (sub-agreements AGR SUB) means that both AGR and SUB are elements of agreement, and AGR has SUB as a sub-part.")

;;; sub-belief-system
(isa sub-belief-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-belief-system transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-belief-system taxonomic-slot)
(arg1-isa sub-belief-system belief-system)
(arg2-isa sub-belief-system belief-system)
(comment sub-belief-system "(sub-belief-system SYS SUB) indicates that SUB is a more specialized `branch' of belief system BSYS.  Thus the belief-statements of SUB will be a superset of the belief-statements of BSYS (sometimes with a few changes and deletions.)  Some examples of this are:  (sub-belief-system islam shiite-islam), (sub-belief-system protestant-religion presbyterian-religion), and (sub-belief-system milesian-school-beliefs anaximanders-philosophy).")

;;; sub-events
(isa sub-events complex-temporal-relation)
(isa sub-events sub-process-slot)
(isa sub-events transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-events anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-events reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds sub-events temporally-subsumes)
(genl-preds sub-events parts)
(arg1-isa sub-events event)
(arg2-isa sub-events event)
(comment sub-events "(sub-events WHOLE PART) means that the event PART is a meaningful part of the event WHOLE.  So both WHOLE and PART are elements of event.  The predicate sub-events can be used to decompose events in time, in space, and/or in other ways.  Following a recipe often has this property:  the task is broken down into several sub-tasks, some of which happen before others, and some of which happen simultaneously but involve different ingredients.  One could also decompose `making dinner' into sub-events according to how dangerous they are, which might be useful if one had kids of various ages helping.  Often, a more specialized relation than sub-events can be used; e.g., if you have subevents that decompose an action in time only, then the more specialized predicate sub-processes should be used.")
(synonymous-external-concept sub-events s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBEVENT")

;;; sub-goals
(isa sub-goals transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-goals asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-goals taxonomic-slot)
(arg1-isa sub-goals goal)
(arg2-isa sub-goals goal)
(comment sub-goals "(sub-goals G SUB) means that SUB is a subordinate goal of G.  In other words, SUB is an intermediate objective or milestone to be accomplished in the course of pursuing the overall goal G.")

;;; sub-groups
(isa sub-groups cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa sub-groups transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-groups reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-groups part-predicate)
(genl-preds sub-groups cotemporal)
(arg1-isa sub-groups group)
(arg2-isa sub-groups group)
(comment sub-groups "The predicate sub-groups is used to relate a particular group to its subgroups.  (sub-groups GROUP SUB) means that (1) GROUP includes all the group-members of SUB, and (2) SUB and GROUP co-exist as groups.  Examples: the stars in the constellation Big Dipper constitute a group which is one of the sub-groups of the Milky Way galaxy; Democrats in the House of Representatives in 1997 are a subgroup of the group of U.S. House Members for that year.")

;;; sub-organizations
(isa sub-organizations cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa sub-organizations non-physical-part-predicate)
(isa sub-organizations irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-organizations transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds sub-organizations affiliated-with)
(genl-preds sub-organizations sub-groups)
(arg1-isa sub-organizations organization)
(arg2-isa sub-organizations organization)
(comment sub-organizations "The predicate sub-organizations relates a particular organization to
one of its sub-organizations. (sub-organizations ORG1 ORG2) means ORG2 is a
 sub-organization of ORG1, whether it is at the very next organizational level
down, e.g., (sub-organizations NationalLeague-Baseball NationalLeagueEast-Baseball),
or several levels down the heirarchy, e.g., (sub-organizations NationalLeague-Baseball NewYorkMets).")

;;; sub-path-systems
(isa sub-path-systems anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-path-systems transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-path-systems reflexive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sub-path-systems thing)
(arg2-isa sub-path-systems thing)
(comment sub-path-systems "(sub-path-systems SYS SUBSYS) means that the path system SUBSYS is a subsystem of the path system SYS.  Technically, this means the following: (i) Every point in SUBSYS is a point in SYS, (ii) every node in SUBSYS is a node in SYS, (iii) every link in SUBSYS is a link in SYS, and (iv) every loop in SUBSYS is a loop in SYS.  Some consequences of these conditions are as follows.  (a) Every point in SUBSYS that is a node in SYS is a node in SUBSYS.  (b) For any nodes X and Y in SUBSYS and each link LINK in SUBSYS, LINK is between X and Y in SYS iff it is between X and Y in SUBSYS.  (c) For each point X in SYS that is not a node in SYS, if X is on a link in SYS that is not in SUBSYS, X is not in SUBSYS.  (d) Isolated points and deadends in SUBSYS must be nodes in SYS.  (e) For each loop LOOP in SUBSYS, the only node in SYS on LOOP must be a node in SUBSYS.  (f) If SYS is a simple-graph--graph-theoretic (or a multi-graph), all subsystems of SYS are simple-graph--graph-theoretics (or multi-graphs).  Predicates concerning particular kinds of subsystems of path systems, i.e., predicates that take sub-path-systems as genl-preds, include link-closed-sub-systems, point-closed-sub-systems, maximal-connected-sub-systems, reduction-of-path-systems, etc.")

;;; sub-paths
(isa sub-paths transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-paths anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-paths cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa sub-paths reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds sub-paths cotemporal)
(genl-preds sub-paths sub-paths--generic)
(arg1-isa sub-paths path--simple)
(arg2-isa sub-paths path--simple)
(comment sub-paths "Provided PATH1 and PATH2 are instances of path--simple, (sub-paths PATH1 PATH2) means that PATH2 is a sub-path of PATH1, and that any 'point' on PATH2 must also be on PATH1.")

;;; sub-paths--generic
(isa sub-paths--generic cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa sub-paths--generic spatial-predicate)
(isa sub-paths--generic physical-part-predicate)
(isa sub-paths--generic anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-paths--generic transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa sub-paths--generic reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds sub-paths--generic physical-parts)
(genl-preds sub-paths--generic cotemporal)
(arg1-isa sub-paths--generic path--generic)
(arg2-isa sub-paths--generic path--generic)
(comment sub-paths--generic "If PATH1 and PATH2 are instances of path--generic, which includes path--simple and path--cyclic, then (sub-paths--generic PATH1 PATH2) means that PATH2 is a sub-path of PATH1, and that any object on-path PATH2 must also be on-path PATH1.  See also sub-paths which does not apply to path--cyclic, just to path--simple.")

;;; sub-series
(isa sub-series binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa sub-series series)
(arg2-isa sub-series series)
(comment sub-series "(sub-series SER1 SER2) means that SER2 is a sub-series of SER1.  This means that all the members of SER2 are members of SER1, that SER1 and SER2 share the same ordering principle, and that, if the first member of SER2 is the Mth member of SER1, the Nth member of SER2 is the (N + M - 1)th member of SER1.  So a subseries is an uninterrupted ''slice'' of the whole.")

;;; subset-of
(isa subset-of transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa subset-of reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa subset-of asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa subset-of symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa subset-of anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa subset-of irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(arg1-isa subset-of set-or-collection)
(arg2-isa subset-of set-or-collection)
(comment subset-of "(subset-of SUB SUPER) means that every element of the mathematical set or collection SUB is an element of the mathematical set or collection SUPER.")

;;; subsumed-by-interval-type
(isa subsumed-by-interval-type intensional-representation-predicate)
(isa subsumed-by-interval-type binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa subsumed-by-interval-type temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa subsumed-by-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(comment subsumed-by-interval-type "(subsumed-by-interval-type ?X ?Y) means that a time interval of type ?Y (i.e., something which isa ?Y) temporally-subsumes ?X.  For example, (subsumed-by-interval-type FredsBirth wednesday) means that Fred was born on a Wednesday.  As another example, Cyc contains an axiom which says, in a typical modern service-providing context, that each instance of hair-cutting-event is subsumed-by-interval-type daytime-working-hours -- i.e., it is true as a default that the typical professional haircut is given during normal daytime working hours.")

;;; subsumes-interval-type
(isa subsumes-interval-type temporal-relation)
(isa subsumes-interval-type anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa subsumes-interval-type reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa subsumes-interval-type transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds subsumes-interval-type intersects-interval-type)
(arg1-isa subsumes-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(arg2-isa subsumes-interval-type temporal-object-type)
(comment subsumes-interval-type "(subsumes-interval-type X Y) indicates that every instance of X temporally-subsumes some instance of Y.  For example, one of Cyc's axioms states that in the northern-hemisphere-mt (the context in which the location is assumed to be somewhere north of the equator) it is true that (subsumes-interval-type calendar-winter january).  That is, in that micro-theory, each Winter contains a January.  In the base KB -- that is, independent of context -- it is true that (subsumes-interval-type calendar-quarter calendar-month), which means that every calendar quarter contains at least one entire calendar month.")

;;; successful-for-agents
(isa successful-for-agents actor-slot)
(genl-preds successful-for-agents performed-by)
(arg1-isa successful-for-agents purposeful-action)
(arg2-isa successful-for-agents agent)
(comment successful-for-agents "The predicate successful-for-agents is used to indicate that a particular agent achieves its goal in a particular action.  (successful-for-agents ENDEAVOR AGT) means that the agent AGT is successful in accomplishing the purposeful-action ENDEAVOR.  This means that each of the purposes AGT had in doing ENDEAVOR has come true.  See also purpose-in-event.")

;;; succession--r-s-t
(isa succession--r-s-t transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa succession--r-s-t r-s-t-relation)
(arg1-isa succession--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(arg2-isa succession--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(comment succession--r-s-t "The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when they describe events which are related to one another by succession.")
(synonymous-external-concept succession--r-s-t s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RST-SEQUENCE")

;;; super-taxons
(isa super-taxons non-physical-part-predicate)
(isa super-taxons asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa super-taxons transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds super-taxons genls)
(genl-inverse super-taxons genls)
(arg1-isa super-taxons biological-taxon)
(arg2-isa super-taxons biological-taxon)
(comment super-taxons "The predicate super-taxons is used to relate elements of biological-taxon.  (super-taxons TAXON  GEN-TAXON) means that GEN-TAXON is a biological-taxon above (i.e., more general and inclusive than) the more specific biological-taxon TAXON.  Every instance of TAXON must therefore also be an instance of GEN-TAXON; the same holds for the taxon-members relation.  Example: (super-taxons domestic-cat felis-genus).  See also taxon-members.")

;;; suppliers
(not 
  (isa suppliers irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa suppliers reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa suppliers asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa suppliers symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa suppliers transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa suppliers cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds suppliers cotemporal)
(genl-preds suppliers does-business-with)
(genl-inverse suppliers clients)
(arg1-isa suppliers organization)
(arg2-isa suppliers agent)
(comment suppliers "The predicate suppliers represents a relationship between an organization and an agent.  (suppliers ORG AGT) means that the agent AGT supplies some goods or services to the organization ORG on an ongoing basis, usually for payment.")

;;; supported-by
(not 
  (isa supported-by asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa supported-by anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa supported-by symmetric-binary-predicate))
(isa supported-by transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa supported-by irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa supported-by partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa supported-by partially-tangible)
(comment supported-by "(supported-by OBJECT SUPPORTER) means that SUPPORTER is at least partially responsible for OBJECT maintaining its current position.  If OBJECT were not supported-by this supporter, it would fall.")

;;; surface-attribute-of-surf
(isa surface-attribute-of-surf binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa surface-attribute-of-surf surface--physical)
(arg2-isa surface-attribute-of-surf attribute-value)
(comment surface-attribute-of-surf "(surfaceAttributeOfSurf SURF SURFATT) means that the particular individual surface--physical SURF has the surface-attribute SURFATT over most or all of its area.  It may have more than one such surface attribute.")

;;; surface-parts
(isa surface-parts physical-part-predicate)
(isa surface-parts anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa surface-parts transitive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa surface-parts reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa surface-parts irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds surface-parts external-parts)
(arg1-isa surface-parts partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa surface-parts partially-tangible)
(comment surface-parts "(surface-parts BIG LITTLE) means that LITTLE is a physical part of a surface of BIG, or that LITTLE is a physical part of BIG itself and a surface of LITTLE is part of a surface of BIG.  Positive exemplars: the skin of an orange is a surface-parts of the orange, texas--state is a surface-parts of united-states-of-america, a window of a house is a surface-parts of that house.  Borderline positive exemplars: the inside surface of a coffee cup is one of the surface-parts of the cup; the inside surface of a beer-can in some contexts is a surfaceParts of the can.  Negative exemplars:  the brain is not a surface-parts of a person.")

;;; surrounds-completely
(isa surrounds-completely asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa surrounds-completely spatial-predicate)
(isa surrounds-completely transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds surrounds-completely surrounds-horizontally)
(arg1-isa surrounds-completely partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa surrounds-completely partially-tangible)
(comment surrounds-completely "(surrounds-completely OUTSIDE INSIDE) means that OUTSIDE completely surrounds INSIDE.  In other words, all rays with origins at INSIDE pass through OUTSIDE by default (with some exceptions).  OUTSIDE is not a part of INSIDE (or vice versa).  Examples: a candy bar inside its wrapper; the body of a pregnant mammalian female containing a foetus; a fish in water.")

;;; surrounds-horizontally
(not 
  (isa surrounds-horizontally transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa surrounds-horizontally cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa surrounds-horizontally asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa surrounds-horizontally spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds surrounds-horizontally cotemporal)
(genl-inverse surrounds-horizontally object-found-in-location)
(arg1-isa surrounds-horizontally partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa surrounds-horizontally partially-tangible)
(comment surrounds-horizontally "(surrounds-horizontally OUTSIDE INSIDE) means that OUTSIDE surrounds a horizontal slice of INSIDE.  That is, there is some horizontal cross section of INSIDE such that all rays drawn horizontally from points in that cross section pass through OUTSIDE, and along each of those rays there are points which are in OUTSIDE and beyond all points of INSIDE.  Thus, (surrounds-horizontally OUTSIDE INSIDE) is NOT true if INSIDE shares a boundary with OUTSIDE; e.g., Texas is not surrounded by the USA.  Positive cases: water surrounds islands; foothills may surround a mountain range.  See also surrounds-completely.")

;;; suspended-in
(isa suspended-in anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa suspended-in asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa suspended-in spatial-predicate)
(genl-preds suspended-in in--immersed-fully)
(arg1-isa suspended-in partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa suspended-in fluid-tangible-thing)
(comment suspended-in "(suspended-in OBJ FLUID) means that OBJ is fully immersed in FLUID, and OBJ is suspended in FLUID by the kind of force that supports any suspension particle.  Note that while suspended-in correctly describes the condition of a suspended-part in its suspending-fluid (e.g., a dirt particle suspended in water), suspended-in can also be used more broadly (e.g., a hot air balloon is suspended-in air).  See also suspension.")

;;; suspended-part
(not 
  (isa suspended-part transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa suspended-part cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa suspended-part composition-predicate)
(genl-preds suspended-part cotemporal)
(genl-preds suspended-part constituents)
(arg1-isa suspended-part suspension)
(arg2-isa suspended-part particle)
(comment suspended-part "The predicate suspended-part indicates an individual particle of tangible-thing which is suspended in a particular instance of suspension.  Thus, (suspended-part SUS PART) means that PART is a particle suspended in the suspending-fluid of the suspension SUS.  Examples: in an instance of cloudlike-object, the (typical) suspended-part is a particle of water; in muddy water, the (typical) suspended-part is a particle of soil.")

;;; suspending-fluid
(not 
  (isa suspending-fluid transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa suspending-fluid anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa suspending-fluid cotemporal-objects-slot)
(isa suspending-fluid asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa suspending-fluid composition-predicate)
(genl-preds suspending-fluid main-constituent)
(genl-preds suspending-fluid cotemporal)
(arg1-isa suspending-fluid suspension)
(arg2-isa suspending-fluid partially-tangible)
(comment suspending-fluid "The predicate suspending-fluid indicates the particular fluid in which particles are suspended in a particular instance of suspension.  Thus, (suspending-fluid SUS FLU) means that FLU is among the constituents of the suspension SUS, FLU is a fluid (i.e., liquid OR gas), and FLU is the fluid constituent which suspends the particles in SUS.  For example, in an instance of cloudlike-object, the suspending-fluid is the portion of air that is surrounding and supporting the droplets of water vapour in the cloud.  In muddy water, the suspending-fluid is that instance of water which is supporting the particles of soil.")

;;; symbolizes
(not 
  (isa symbolizes transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa symbolizes asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa symbolizes symbolic-object)
(arg2-isa symbolizes thing)
(comment symbolizes "(symbolizes SYMBOL OBJ) means that the symbolic-object SYMBOL represents the thing OBJ for some abstract agent.  E.g., the US flag symbolizes the USA.  It is usually true that (symbolizes x y) implies (connotes x y high).
Note that the 'abstract agent' may be context-specific -- a given object may represent one thing in one culture, and nothing at all or a different thing in another culture.")

;;; symmetric-part-types
(isa symmetric-part-types binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa symmetric-part-types existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl symmetric-part-types partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa symmetric-part-types existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl symmetric-part-types partially-tangible)
(comment symmetric-part-types "(symmetric-part-types ?BIG ?SMALL) means that every instance of ?BIG has exactly two, symmetrically positioned, instance of ?SMALL as parts.")

;;; synonymous-external-concept
(isa synonymous-external-concept ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa synonymous-external-concept thing)
(arg2-isa synonymous-external-concept indexed-info-source)
(arg3-isa synonymous-external-concept character-string)
(comment synonymous-external-concept "(synonymous-external-concept ?TERM ?SOURCE ?STRING) means that the Cyc
concept ?TERM is synonymous with the concept named by ?STRING in the
external data source ?SOURCE.")

;;; target
(isa target actor-slot)
(genl-preds target actors)
(arg1-isa target generalized-transfer)
(arg2-isa target partially-tangible)
(comment target "(target TRANS PLACE) means that the performed-by (or directing-agent) of the event TRANS intends that the transferred-thing end up at PLACE.")

;;; tastes
(isa tastes perceiving-slot)
(genl-preds tastes perceives)
(arg1-isa tastes perceptual-agent)
(arg2-isa tastes temporal-thing)
(comment tastes "(tastes AGT OBJ) means that AGT perceives the tastes of OBJ.  We can taste objects, such as lollipops, or events, such as the 'finish' of a wine, as long as they have some tangible aspect.")

;;; temperature-of-object
(isa temperature-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa temperature-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa temperature-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa temperature-of-object temperature)
(comment temperature-of-object "(temperature-of-object OBJECT TEMPERATURE) means that the individual OBJECT has the temperature TEMPERATURE. Note that OBJECT may be a piece of stuff -- for example, a particular spot in the ocean.")

;;; temporal-bounds-contain
(isa temporal-bounds-contain complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporal-bounds-contain asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporal-bounds-contain transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporal-bounds-contain irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds temporal-bounds-contain temporal-bounds-intersect)
(genl-inverse temporal-bounds-contain ends-during)
(genl-inverse temporal-bounds-contain starts-during)
(arg1-isa temporal-bounds-contain temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporal-bounds-contain temporal-thing)
(comment temporal-bounds-contain "(temporal-bounds-contain LONGER SHORTER) means that LONGER strictly contains SHORTER.  There is a positive non-zero time after LONGER starts before SHORTER starts, and there is a positive non-zero time after SHORTER ends before LONGER ends.   That is, the starting-point of LONGER is a finite amount of time earlier than the starting-point of SHORTER, and the ending-point of LONGER is a finite amount of time later than the ending-point of SHORTER.   Naturally, temporal-bounds-contain is a stronger relation than temporal-bounds-intersect.  If LONGER is temporally-continuous, then (temporal-bounds-contain LONGER SHORTER) further implies (temporally-subsumes LONGER SHORTER).  Note:  This Cyc temporal relation is equivalent to what James Allen independently dubbed the CONTAINS relation.")

;;; temporal-bounds-identical
(isa temporal-bounds-identical reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporal-bounds-identical symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporal-bounds-identical complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporal-bounds-identical transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds temporal-bounds-identical temporally-coterminal)
(genl-preds temporal-bounds-identical temporally-cooriginating)
(genl-inverse temporal-bounds-identical temporal-bounds-identical)
(arg1-isa temporal-bounds-identical temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporal-bounds-identical temporal-thing)
(comment temporal-bounds-identical "(temporal-bounds-identical ?X ?Y) means that ?X and ?Y are both temporally-cooriginating and temporally-coterminal.  That is, ?X and ?Y have the same starting-points and also have the same ending-points.  Note that if ?X and ?Y are continuous temporal objects, such as a pair of ashtrays, then this means that they must in fact be completely cotemporal.")

;;; temporal-bounds-intersect
(isa temporal-bounds-intersect complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporal-bounds-intersect symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporal-bounds-intersect reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa temporal-bounds-intersect transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds temporal-bounds-intersect ends-after-starting-of)
(genl-inverse temporal-bounds-intersect temporal-bounds-intersect)
(genl-inverse temporal-bounds-intersect ends-after-starting-of)
(arg1-isa temporal-bounds-intersect temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporal-bounds-intersect temporal-thing)
(comment temporal-bounds-intersect "(temporal-bounds-intersect ?X ?Y) means that the closed solid time interval between from the start of ?X to the end of ?X, inclusive, intersects the solid time interval from the start of ?Y and the end of ?Y, inclusive.  Clearly, if ?X and ?Y are continuous events, then the stronger assertion (temporally-intersects ?X ?Y) must also hold.  But if either is a discontinuous event, it is possible to have a situation where their bounds intersect but where there is no time point in common.  For example, the discontinuous event of `Fred sleeping this week' could intersects the bounds of `Fred driving this week' even though the two events share no time points (we hope).")

;;; temporally-continuous
(isa temporally-continuous unary-predicate)
(arg1-isa temporally-continuous temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-continuous "If (temporallyContinuous TEMP-OBJ), then TEMP-OBJ occupies one continous chunk of time.  There are no time intervals between the start and end of TEMP-OBJ during which TEMP-OBJ is not occurring/existing.")

;;; temporally-cooriginating
(isa temporally-cooriginating complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporally-cooriginating symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-cooriginating reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-cooriginating transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds temporally-cooriginating temporally-intersects)
(genl-inverse temporally-cooriginating temporally-cooriginating)
(arg1-isa temporally-cooriginating temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-cooriginating temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-cooriginating "(temporally-cooriginating ?X ?Y) means (simultaneous-with (start-fn ?X) (start-fn ?Y)).  That is, the starting-point of ?X is the same as the starting-point of ?Y.  This implies that ?X and ?Y overlap, in at least one point (namely, their starting-points are the same.)")

;;; temporally-coterminal
(isa temporally-coterminal transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-coterminal complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporally-coterminal symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-coterminal reflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds temporally-coterminal temporally-intersects)
(genl-inverse temporally-coterminal temporally-coterminal)
(arg1-isa temporally-coterminal temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-coterminal temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-coterminal "(temporally-coterminal ?X ?Y) means (simultaneous-with (end-fn ?X) (end-fn ?Y)).  That is, the ending-point of ?X is the same as the ending-point of ?Y.  This implies that ?X and ?Y overlap, in at least one point (namely, their ending-points are the same.)")

;;; temporally-disjoint
(not 
  (isa temporally-disjoint transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa temporally-disjoint irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-disjoint symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-disjoint complex-temporal-relation)
(genl-inverse temporally-disjoint temporally-disjoint)
(arg1-isa temporally-disjoint temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-disjoint temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-disjoint "(temporallyDisjoint ?X ?Y) means that there are no time points in common between ?X and ?Y.  If you view each of them as a set of time-points, the two sets are disjoint.  For example, consider the discontinuous events `Fred sleeping this week' and `Fred driving this week'. These are presumably temporally-disjoint even if they `interlock' during the week.")

;;; temporally-finished-by
(isa temporally-finished-by complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporally-finished-by transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-finished-by asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-finished-by irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds temporally-finished-by temporally-coterminal)
(genl-inverse temporally-finished-by starts-during)
(arg1-isa temporally-finished-by temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-finished-by temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-finished-by "(temporally-finished-by PERIOD FINISH) means that PERIOD and FINISH are temporally-coterminal, and that FINISH starts within the bounds of PERIOD.   That is, the ending-point of PERIOD and FINISH are the same element of time-point, and the starting-point of FINISH is no earlier than the starting-point of PERIOD.



Note:  This Cyc temporal relation is equivalent to what James Allen dubbed the FINISHEDBY relation.  We liked his name better than the one we had been using, and so we renamed this predicate accordingly.")

;;; temporally-intersects
(isa temporally-intersects complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporally-intersects symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-intersects reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa temporally-intersects transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds temporally-intersects temporal-bounds-intersect)
(genl-inverse temporally-intersects temporally-intersects)
(arg1-isa temporally-intersects temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-intersects temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-intersects "(temporally-intersects ?X ?Y) means that there is at least one time-point which ?X temporally-subsumes and ?Y temporally-subsumes.  If you think of ?X and ?Y as sets of time-points, then those two sets intersect.")

;;; temporally-intrinsic-arg
(isa temporally-intrinsic-arg binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa temporally-intrinsic-arg predicate)
(arg2-isa temporally-intrinsic-arg positive-integer)
(comment temporally-intrinsic-arg "(temporally-intrinsic-arg PRED N) means that PRED expresses a property that is temporally intrinsic for its argument position N. That means, if a formula using PRED







is true for some object OBJ (in the Nth argument position), we can assume the truth of every similar formula in which any temporal part of OBJ is substituted in for OBJ. For







example, since (temporally-intrinsic-arg mass-of-object 1) is true, if we know (mass-of-object `Rock37' (gram 37)), we can expect that any temporal part of `Rock37', such as







`Rock37Today', will also have a mass of 37 grams. An example of a property which is not temporally intrinsic would be `average speed'. The average speed of a car







on a drive from Austin to Dallas might be 50 mph, but during particular sub-intervals of that drive the average speed could vary from 0 to 75 mph.  The collection cotemporal-predicate is a class of relations which 







are not temporally intrinsic but might at first seem to be, e.g., physical-parts. In (physical-parts `Joe' `JoesHead'), it is not the case







that every temporal part of `Joe' (such as `JoeToday') has `JoesHead' as a physical part.  Rather, `JoeToday' would have `JoesHeadToday' among its physical-parts. With physical-parts,







as with all other elements of cotemporal-predicate, every time-slice of the first argument is related to a cotemporal time-slice of the second argument, but that is not covered by







temporally-intrinsic-arg and its associated axioms.")

;;; temporally-started-by
(isa temporally-started-by irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-started-by complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporally-started-by transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-started-by asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds temporally-started-by temporally-cooriginating)
(genl-inverse temporally-started-by ends-during)
(arg1-isa temporally-started-by temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-started-by temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-started-by "(temporally-started-by PERIOD START) means that PERIOD and START are temporally-cooriginating and that START ends within the bounds of PERIOD.   That is, the starting-point of PERIOD and START are the same time-point, and the ending-point of START is no later than the ending-point of PERIOD.







Note:  This Cyc temporal relation is equivalent to what James Allen dubbed the STARTEDBY relation.  We liked his name better than the one we had been using, and so we renamed this predicate accordingly.")

;;; temporally-subsumes
(isa temporally-subsumes complex-temporal-relation)
(isa temporally-subsumes transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa temporally-subsumes reflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa temporally-subsumes symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa temporally-subsumes anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa temporally-subsumes asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds temporally-subsumes temporally-intersects)
(arg1-isa temporally-subsumes temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa temporally-subsumes temporal-thing)
(comment temporally-subsumes "(temporally-subsumes ?X ?Y) means that all time points of ?Y are contained in ?X.   This implies that ?Y doesn't start before ?X, and doesn't end after ?X.  And if there's some time point or interval that ?X isn't happening, then neither is ?Y.  
Note:  This relation is weaker than cotemporal, which can be thought of as requiring that ?X and ?Y temporally-subsumes each other.   
Note: This relation is a strictly temporal relationship between ?X and ?Y; it is weaker than sub-events, which can be thought of as requiring that ?X not only temporally-subsumes ?Y but also that ?Y is a `part' of ?X.")
(synonymous-external-concept temporally-subsumes s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-INCLUSIVE")

;;; tensile-strength-of-substance
(isa tensile-strength-of-substance tangible-substance-predicate)
(isa tensile-strength-of-substance interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa tensile-strength-of-substance partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa tensile-strength-of-substance tensile-strength)
(comment tensile-strength-of-substance "(tensile-strength-of-substance OBJ DEGREE) indicates the relative force needed to deform the tangible OBJ.  A higher DEGREE of tensile-strength indicates more force is required to deform the object.")

;;; term-of-unit
(isa term-of-unit binary-predicate)
(isa term-of-unit inference-related-bookkeeping-predicate)
(isa term-of-unit default-monotonic-predicate)
(arg1-isa term-of-unit reifiable-term)
(arg2-isa term-of-unit cyc-system-list)
(comment term-of-unit "term-of-unit is an inference-related Cyc predicate which appears in system-generated assertions; term-of-unit represents a mapping between a non-atomic term (NAT) and a Cyc constant that was reified by the system especially for that NAT.  Assertions with term-of-unit are created by the system when a certain kind of non-atomic term (NAT) first appears in a Cyc formula; such a NAT consists of a Cyc function that is an element of reifiable-function, together with the correct number and type of arguments.  When such a NAT is first used in a formula, the Cyc system automatically creates a Cyc-constant data-structure to reify the NAT.  A name is automatically assigned to the new constant (i.e., the data-structure) by the Cyc system; currently (1997), the system is using for most of those constant names a string which is identical to the NAT.  One should not be misled by that into thinking that term-of-unit is a specialization of equals. 

The predicate term-of-unit maps between the system-generated data-structure and the original non-atomic term.  (term-of-unit NAT-CONSTANT NAT-EXPRESSION) tells us that the constant data-structure NAT-CONSTANT was created to reify the value of the non-atomic term NAT-EXPRESSION.  From now on, NAT-EXPRESSION will refer to the constant NAT-CONSTANT.

Examples of non-atomic terms (NATs) include: (giga dollars-per-year), (repairing-fn automobile), and (the-script-fn washing-clothes-in-a-machine). See also non-predicate-function, reifiable-term.

Note: term-of-unit assertions are entered in the base-k-b because the mapping between a NAT and the constant that was reified for it holds universally.  One should view term-of-unit assertions as bits of bookkeeping knowledge which are very rarely, if ever, entered into the KB by hand.")

;;; terrain-attributes
(isa terrain-attributes binary-predicate)
(genl-preds terrain-attributes has-attributes)
(arg1-isa terrain-attributes geographical-region)
(arg2-isa terrain-attributes terrain-attribute)
(comment terrain-attributes "The predicate terrain-attributes is used to describe the type of terrain in a particular geographical region. (terrain-attributes REGION ATTRIB) means that geographical-region REGION has the terrain-attribute ATTRIB.  For example, the matterhorn--mount has terrain-attributes, rugged-terrain. ")

;;; territories-controlled
(not 
  (isa territories-controlled irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa territories-controlled reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa territories-controlled transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa territories-controlled anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa territories-controlled intangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa territories-controlled geopolitical-entity)
(arg2-isa territories-controlled geographical-region)
(arg2-isa territories-controlled agent)
(comment territories-controlled "(territories-controlled ?REG1 ?REG2) means the ?REG2 is under the political control of ?REG1.   This refers to actaul practical political control, not mere legal or unenforced territorial claims.")

;;; there-exist-at-least
(isa there-exist-at-least quantifier)
(isa there-exist-at-least relationship)
(arg1-isa there-exist-at-least positive-integer)
(arg2-isa there-exist-at-least cyc-e-l-variable)
(arg3-isa there-exist-at-least cyc-formula)
(comment there-exist-at-least "The predicate there-exist-at-least is a specialized form of there-exists (q.v.).  (there-exist-at-least 5 X FORM) means that there are at least five distinct objects in the Cyc universe which, when substituted for the cyc-e-l-variable X in the cyc-formula FORM, make FORM true.  See there-exists for more information about existential quantification.")
(result-isa there-exist-at-least cyc-formula)

;;; there-exist-at-most
(isa there-exist-at-most quantifier)
(isa there-exist-at-most relationship)
(arg1-isa there-exist-at-most positive-integer)
(arg2-isa there-exist-at-most cyc-e-l-variable)
(arg3-isa there-exist-at-most cyc-formula)
(comment there-exist-at-most "The predicate there-exist-at-most is a specialized form of there-exists (q.v.).  (there-exist-at-most 5 X FORM) means that there are no more than five distinct objects in the (relevant)  universe of discourse which, when substituted for the cyc-e-l-variable X in the cyc-formula FORM, make FORM true.  See there-exists for more information about existential quantification.")
(result-isa there-exist-at-most cyc-formula)

;;; there-exist-exactly
(isa there-exist-exactly quantifier)
(isa there-exist-exactly relationship)
(arg1-isa there-exist-exactly positive-integer)
(arg2-isa there-exist-exactly cyc-e-l-variable)
(arg3-isa there-exist-exactly cyc-formula)
(comment there-exist-exactly "The predicate there-exist-exactly is a specialized form of there-exists (q.v.).  (there-exist-exactly 5 X FORM) means that there are no more and no less than five distinct objects in the (relevant) universe of discourse which, when substituted for the cyc-e-l-variable X in the cyc-formula FORM, make FORM true.  See there-exists for more information about existential quantification.")
(result-isa there-exist-exactly cyc-formula)

;;; there-exists
(isa there-exists quantifier)
(isa there-exists relationship)
(arg1-isa there-exists cyc-e-l-variable)
(arg2-isa there-exists cyc-formula)
(comment there-exists "The predicate there-exists is Cyc's version of the existential quantifier of predicate calculus (i.e., the operator symbolized in one common notation by a backwards 'E').  As its two arguments, there-exists  takes a variable (which is an element of cyc-e-l-variable) and an element of cyc-formula, respectively.  (there-exists VAR FORM) means that FORM is true in at least one case (and possibly more) in which all occurrences of the variable VAR in FORM are replaced by an object in the Cyc universe.  For example, to say that every person has a mother, we could assert: (for-all ?X (implies (isa ?X person) (there-exists ?Y (mother ?X ?Y)))).   



[Developer-level footnote:  There are many `flavors' of quantification `on the market' these days; here is how the Cyc system currently handles axioms that involve there-exists:



When processing an FI-ASK about whether (there-exists VAR FORM) is true or not, Cyc determines extensionally whether or not any known VAR (anything in the knowledge base) satisfies FORM (makes it true.)



When processing an FI-PROVE about whether (there-exists VAR FORM) is true or not, Cyc tries to construct an intensional proof (at least at a default-true level) that there must exist some value of VAR --- which may or may not already be known in the KB -- for which FORM must be true.



When processing an FI-ASSERT in which a user or program tells Cyc that (there-exists VAR FORM) is true, Cyc records the assertion intensionally so that it can later serve as part of an intensional proof, when some future FI-PROVE request is processed.  It does this by creating a new skolem-function (q.v.).  



When modus ponens is used with a rule of the form (implies ANTECEDENT (there-exists VAR FORM)), and the formula ANTECEDENT is true, then Cyc will generate a new term for VAR, add that to its language, and assert that the new term satisfies FORM.]")
(overlapping-external-concept there-exists s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "EXISTENCE")

;;; thermal-conductivity-of-object
(isa thermal-conductivity-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa thermal-conductivity-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(isa thermal-conductivity-of-object physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa thermal-conductivity-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa thermal-conductivity-of-object thermal-conductivity)
(comment thermal-conductivity-of-object "(thermal-conductivity-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has the thermal-conductivity attribute DEGREE.  Objects with higher values of DEGREE conduct heat faster and better (i.e., with less heat loss) than those with a lower thermal-conductivity.")

;;; three-way-junction-in-system
(isa three-way-junction-in-system asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds three-way-junction-in-system junction-in-system)
(arg1-isa three-way-junction-in-system thing)
(arg2-isa three-way-junction-in-system thing)
(comment three-way-junction-in-system "(three-way-junction-in-system JUNCT SYS) means that JUNCT is a 3-way junction in the specified path-system SYS.  Formally, a 3-way junction in SYS is any point (actually, any node) X in SYS such that either there are exactly 3 links and no loops in SYS that X is on, or there are exactly 1 link and 1 loop in SYS that X is on.  See junction-in-system.  When the junction is is simply a customary junction not based on a specified path-system, use three-way-junction-of-paths.")

;;; time-slices
(isa time-slices transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa time-slices reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa time-slices anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds time-slices temporally-subsumes)
(genl-preds time-slices parts)
(arg1-isa time-slices temporal-thing)
(arg2-isa time-slices temporal-thing)
(comment time-slices "(time-slices WHOLE PART) means that PART is one of the temporal decompositions of WHOLE.  PART is part of WHOLE and is thus temporally included in WHOLE (see temporally-subsumes).  There is no other part of WHOLE that happens at the same time but is not included in PART.  Unlike sub-events, which can divide up an event both in space and time, time-slices divides up its first argument in time only.  So time-slices is more specialized than sub-events.  On the other hand, it has broader application; time-slices makes sense for any temporal-thing, not just events; e.g., one can talk about year-long time-slices of a rock.")

;;; title-of-person--string
(isa title-of-person--string binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa title-of-person--string person)
(arg2-isa title-of-person--string character-string)
(comment title-of-person--string "(title-of-person--string PRSN STRNG) relates the person PRSN to a character-string, STRNG, which is a word for a title PRSN has.  E.g., (title-of-person--string lenat ``Dr.'').  A person may have more than one title, even cotemporally.")

;;; to-location
(isa to-location actor-slot)
(genl-preds to-location 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE-DESTINATION"))
(genl-preds to-location post-actors)
(arg1-isa to-location translocation)
(arg2-isa to-location partially-tangible)
(comment to-location "The predicate to-location is used to indicate the ending point of a particular movement.  (to-location MOVE LOC) means that LOC is where the object-moving in MOVE (a movement--translation-event) is found when the event MOVE ends; the final location of the object-moving in that event is LOC.  The object-moving may or may not be stationary at LOC.  If MOVE is a single-pathway translation (see translation--single-path), then every object-moving in it is found at LOC when MOVE ends.  If MOVE has multiple movers and multiple pathways (see translation--multi-path), then at least some of the object-moving(s) can be found at LOC at the end of MOVE.  If MOVE is a fluid flow (see translation--flow), then at least some portion of the fluid object-moving can be found at location LOC at the end of MOVE.  See also pathway--complete, path-connects.")
(synonymous-external-concept to-location s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DESTINATION")

;;; to-orientation
(isa to-orientation role)
(isa to-orientation binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa to-orientation movement--rotation)
(arg2-isa to-orientation orientation-attribute)
(comment to-orientation "This predicate indicates, for the particular rotational motion ROT, the orientation that the object-moving in that event has after that motion.  (to-orientation ROT ORIENT) means that when ROT ends, the object that moved in ROT has the final position ORIENT, with respect to the current frame of reference.  Examples of orientations include: horizontal-orientation, vertical-orientation, up-side-down.  See also from-orientation, orientation-attribute.")

;;; to-possessor
(isa to-possessor process-predicate)
(isa to-possessor actor-slot)
(genl-preds to-possessor post-actors)
(arg1-isa to-possessor gaining-user-rights)
(arg2-isa to-possessor agent)
(comment to-possessor "This predicate identifies an agent who gains some right to use an object.  (to-possessor GAIN AGENT) means that after the event GAIN (a gaining-user-rights), AGENT enjoys some user-rights-attribute over the object-of-possession-transfer which that agent did not have at the start of GAIN.")
(synonymous-external-concept to-possessor s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RECIPIENT")

;;; to-state
(isa to-state binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa to-state changing-device-state)
(arg2-isa to-state device-state)
(comment to-state "This predicate is used in connection with changing-device-state, to identify the device-state a device is in immediately after the change.  (to-state EVENT DEVICE-STATE) means that the new state of a device following the device state-changing action, EVENT, is the state DEVICE-STATE.  For example, after any X which is a turning-on-an-electrical-switch, the switch involved has (to-state X device-on).")

;;; topic-of-info-transfer
(isa topic-of-info-transfer role)
(isa topic-of-info-transfer binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa topic-of-info-transfer information-transfer-event)
(arg2-isa topic-of-info-transfer thing)
(comment topic-of-info-transfer "The predicate topic-of-info-transfer is used to indicate what a particular communication is about.  (topic-of-info-transfer TRANS TOPIC) means that TOPIC is a primary topic of the information communicated in the information-transfer-event TRANS.  For example, a result reported after an instance of blood-test will contain information about the object-tested (viz., the blood sample); the patient's blood is thus a topic-of-info-transfer of that report.")

;;; total-displacement
(isa total-displacement interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa total-displacement movement-process)
(arg2-isa total-displacement distance)
(comment total-displacement "The accumulated total displacement along the trajectory at any point in time during the duration of the moving process")

;;; touches
(isa touches symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa touches spatial-predicate)
(isa touches irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa touches transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds touches near)
(genl-inverse touches touches)
(arg1-isa touches spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa touches spatial-thing)
(comment touches "(touches THIS THAT) means that THIS and THAT are in contact, directly or indirectly.  THIS touches-directly on THAT if and only if there is nothing between them.  THIS touches THAT indirectly if there is some very thin object or substance between them.  `Very thin' means that the distance between the surfaces of THIS and THAT is very much less than the distance between their center points.  Some examples of touches: an airplane touches the air around it; my feet touch the floor (even though I am wearing shoes); a blanket touches the person sleeping under it (even if there is a sheet); a hovercraft touches the water (even though a cushion of air is between them).  For cases where immediate surface contact needs to be indicated, use touches-directly (q.v.).")

;;; touches-directly
(isa touches-directly symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa touches-directly physical-feature-describing-predicate)
(isa touches-directly spatial-predicate)
(isa touches-directly reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa touches-directly cotemporal-objects-slot)
(not 
  (isa touches-directly transitive-binary-predicate))
(genl-preds touches-directly cotemporal)
(genl-preds touches-directly touches)
(genl-inverse touches-directly touches-directly)
(arg1-isa touches-directly partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa touches-directly partially-tangible)
(comment touches-directly "(touches-directly THIS THAT) means that THIS and THAT are in direct physical contact.  That is, there exists a region on both objects where the distance between their surfaces is zero.  If in doubt, use touches rather than touches-directly.")

;;; transfer-in-sub-event
(isa transfer-in-sub-event anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa transfer-in-sub-event transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa transfer-in-sub-event role)
(genl-preds transfer-in-sub-event last-sub-events)
(arg1-isa transfer-in-sub-event generalized-transfer)
(arg2-isa transfer-in-sub-event transfer-in)
(comment transfer-in-sub-event "The Cyc predicate transfer-in-sub-event indicates the final stage of a particular generalized-transfer in which the transferred-thing reaches the destination.  For example, (transfer-in-sub-event COMM LISTENING) means that LISTENING is the final stage (see last-sub-events) of the communication-act--single COMM.")

;;; transfer-out-sub-event
(isa transfer-out-sub-event role)
(isa transfer-out-sub-event reflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa transfer-out-sub-event anti-symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa transfer-out-sub-event transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds transfer-out-sub-event first-sub-events)
(arg1-isa transfer-out-sub-event generalized-transfer)
(arg2-isa transfer-out-sub-event transfer-out)
(comment transfer-out-sub-event "The Cyc predicate transfer-out-sub-event indicates the initial stage of a particular generalized-transfer in which the transferred-thing leaves the point of origin.  For example, (transfer-out-sub-event TRANSLOC EMISSION) means that EMISSION is the initial stage (see first-sub-events) of the translocation TRANSLOC.  (The emitter in EMISSION is a from-location of TRANSLOC.)")

;;; transferred-thing
(isa transferred-thing actor-slot)
(isa transferred-thing asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa transferred-thing irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds transferred-thing pre-actors)
(genl-preds transferred-thing post-actors)
(arg1-isa transferred-thing generalized-transfer)
(arg2-isa transferred-thing something-existing)
(comment transferred-thing "The Cyc predicate transferred-thing is used to identify the object whose external relationships change in some event considered generically as a `transfer'.  (transferred-thing TRANSFER OBJ) means that OBJ is being moved, transferred, exchanged, etc., in the generalized-transfer event TRANSFER.  In general, and if possible, it is preferable to use a more specialized instance of actor-slot than transferred-thing (e.g., object-moving for physical transfer of an object; object-of-possession-transfer for an object that changes possession but not necessarily location; and so on).")

;;; transformed-into
(isa transformed-into irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(not 
  (isa transformed-into transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa transformed-into anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(isa transformed-into asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa transformed-into entity)
(arg2-isa transformed-into entity)
(comment transformed-into "(transformed-into ?X ?Y) means that ?X stops existing at the instant that ?Y is created.  Furthermore, the material which made up ?X when it ceased to exist will generally make up ?Y when it is created, which in turn implies things about the location of ?Y at that moment, etc.")

;;; transparency-of-object
(isa transparency-of-object interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa transparency-of-object tangible-object-predicate)
(arg1-isa transparency-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa transparency-of-object transparency)
(comment transparency-of-object "(transparency-of-object OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible object OBJ has an intrinsic transparency to light of the specified DEGREE.  Higher values indicate that more light will pass through the substance and with less distortion.")

;;; transportees
(isa transportees actor-slot)
(isa transportees asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa transportees irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds transportees object-moving)
(arg1-isa transportees transportation-event)
(arg2-isa transportees partially-tangible)
(comment transportees "The predicate transportees relates a translational motion event to the object which is transported by another one of the actors in that event.  (transportees MOVE OBJ) means that some transporter facilitates the conveyance of OBJ in MOVE.  For example, in a dumptruck driving event, the dirt in the back of the truck is a transportees.  Any humans in the truck cab (or truck bed) during the trip are also transportees; however, a more precise role designation for humans riding in the truck would be either passengers or (for the driver) driver-actor.  See also the comments on transportation-event and transporter.")

;;; transporter
(isa transporter irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa transporter actor-slot)
(isa transporter asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds transporter object-moving)
(genl-preds transporter instrument--generic)
(genl-preds transporter constraining-object)
(arg1-isa transporter transportation-event)
(arg2-isa transporter solid-tangible-thing)
(comment transporter "This predicate relates, e.g., a sleigh-ride event to the sleigh being used to transport the people and goods.  (transporter MOVE OBJ) means that OBJ enables or facilitates the conveyance of what is transported (the animals, goods, people, etc. that are the transportees) in the transportation-event MOVE.  OBJ itself is an object-moving in MOVE, so a catapult is not a transporter because it doesn't come with its victims.  OBJ will generally hold, support, contain, etc. the transportees throughout the MOVE event.  OBJ may or may not supply the motive force in the event MOVE; e.g., a child's wagon, a bicycle, a sleigh, and a paper bag can all be transporters.  More examples are automobiles, wheelchairs, dogsleds, and parachutes.  Carrier pigeons are transporters when performing the function for which they were bred; a horse is a transporter when it is being ridden but a provider-of-motive-force when pulling a cart or plow or sleigh.Some cautions and refinements, however: (i) although automobiles are transporters, they should have the more specific role designation of vehicle (q.v.) because they are also self-powered-devices.   When your car is being towed by a towtruck, and you are riding along inside as it gets towed, then in that special case the car is just a transporter (of you) and the towtruck is the vehicle of that event.  (ii) Another more specific role designation for some transporters -- those which are physical-devices -- is device-used (q.v.); e.g., the use of crutches in hobbling, ice skates in skating, and sneakers in walking.  See also the comment on transportation-event.  (iii) The organism locomoting in a locomotion-event may be a transporter if carrying something other than itself (carrying-while-locomoting qv.) .  In other cases an organism may be a transportees, e.g. someone riding a bike or skating.  Note that the organism must be the provider-of-motive-force in these cases.")

;;; travel-time
(isa travel-time quaternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa travel-time spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa travel-time spatial-thing)
(arg3-isa travel-time script-type)
(arg3-genl travel-time movement--translation-event)
(arg4-isa travel-time time--quantity)
(comment travel-time "(travel-time OBJ1 OBJ2 MOVEMENT) means how long it would usually take the transported object to get from OBJ1 to OBJ2 in an event of type MOVEMENT.")

;;; unchanged-actors
(isa unchanged-actors actor-slot)
(isa unchanged-actors asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa unchanged-actors irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds unchanged-actors pre-actors)
(genl-preds unchanged-actors post-actors)
(arg1-isa unchanged-actors event)
(arg2-isa unchanged-actors partially-tangible)
(comment unchanged-actors "(unchanged-actors EV OBJ) means that the object OBJ remains virtually unchanged by its participation in the event EV. This means that OBJ does not appreciably move, nor does it undergo some internal change in its properties, nor is it created or destroyed in the course of EV.")

;;; underground-of
(not 
  (isa underground-of transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa underground-of asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa underground-of spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa underground-of place)
(arg2-isa underground-of spatial-thing)
(comment underground-of "(underground-of OBJ GROUND) means that OBJ is beneath the surface of ground and has the location-state underground.")

;;; unique-part-types
(isa unique-part-types binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa unique-part-types existing-object-type)
(arg1-genl unique-part-types partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa unique-part-types existing-object-type)
(arg2-genl unique-part-types partially-tangible)
(comment unique-part-types "(unique-part-types ?BIG ?SMALL) means that every instance of ?BIG has exactly one instance of ?SMALL as a part.")

;;; unit-expansions
(isa unit-expansions binary-predicate)
(isa unit-expansions relationship-predicate)
(arg1-isa unit-expansions unit-of-measure)
(arg2-isa unit-expansions cyc-system-list)
(comment unit-expansions "The Cyc predicate unit-expansions is used to express the relationship between a derived unit of measurement and the units from which it is derived, e.g., miles per second from miles and seconds.  (unit-expansions UNIT FACTOR-LIST) means that UNIT is derived from the factors on the list UNIT-FACTOR.  UNIT-FACTOR is an instance of cyc-system-list.  There are two kinds of items in the UNIT-FACTOR list: (1) all items except the last are themselves lists that consist of an element of unit-of-measure followed by an exponent for that unit; (2) the last element is the constant multiplier.  Some examples:





     (unit-expansions miles-per-hour (((mile 1)(hours-duration -1)) 1),



     (unit-expansions speed-of-light (((mile 1)(seconds-duration -1)) 186000)),



     (unit-expansions meters-per-second-per-second (((meter 1)(seconds-duration -2)) 1).")

;;; unit-multiplication-factor
(isa unit-multiplication-factor ternary-predicate)
(isa unit-multiplication-factor functional-predicate)
(arg1-isa unit-multiplication-factor unit-of-measure)
(arg2-isa unit-multiplication-factor unit-of-measure)
(arg3-isa unit-multiplication-factor real-number)
(comment unit-multiplication-factor "(unit-multiplication-factor UNIT1 UNIT2 NUM) means that the conversion factor between quantities specified in units of UNIT1 and quantities specified in terms of UNIT2 is NUM.  For example, (unit-multiplication-factor inch foot--unit-of-measure 12).  UNIT1 and UNIT2 must belong to the same interconvertible-unit-type.  unit-multiplication-factor is a simplified version of unit-conversions which can be used when a multiplicative scaling relation exists between the two units.")

;;; up-axis-points
(isa up-axis-points binary-predicate)
(isa up-axis-points spatial-predicate)
(arg1-isa up-axis-points spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa up-axis-points unit-vector-interval)
(comment up-axis-points "(up-axis-points OBJ DIR) means OBJ's intrinsic up-axis points in the direction DIR.  An object has an intrinsic up-axis only if it has an intrisic top by virtue of its design or function.  People, rockets, cars, and cups are examples of objects with intrinsic tops.  A sphere has no intrinsic top, due to its symmetry.  If an object with an intrinsic up-axis, OBJ, is on its side, one asserts (up-axis-points OBJ horizontal-direction).  If OBJ is upside-down, one asserts (up-axis-points OBJ down--directly) or (up-axis-points OBJ down--generally), depending on how precise one wishes to be.")

;;; urge-satisfied
(isa urge-satisfied binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa urge-satisfied physical-event)
(arg2-isa urge-satisfied physical-urge-type)
(arg2-genl urge-satisfied animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment urge-satisfied "(urge-satisfied EVT URGETYPE) means that the sensory event EVT satisfies an instance of a physical urge of type URGETYPE.   Use the predicate, urge-type-satisfied, to stateg rules about what sorts of actions relieve what sorts of urges.  E.g., scratching relieves an urge-to-scratch.")

;;; urge-type-satisfied
(isa urge-type-satisfied binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa urge-type-satisfied script-type)
(arg1-genl urge-type-satisfied animal-activity)
(arg2-isa urge-type-satisfied physical-urge-type)
(arg2-genl urge-type-satisfied animal-physiological-attribute)
(comment urge-type-satisfied "The urge of type arg2 is satisfied in the event of type arg1.")

;;; user-rights-relation
(isa user-rights-relation ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa user-rights-relation agent)
(arg2-isa user-rights-relation partially-tangible)
(arg3-isa user-rights-relation user-rights-attribute)
(comment user-rights-relation "This predicate relates an agent to the use rights which that agent has over an object.  (user-rights-relation AGENT OBJECT URA) means that AGENT enjoys the user-rights-attribute URA over OBJECT.  For example, if AGENT owns OBJECT, then AGENT has full-use-rights over it.  E.g., (user-rights-relation DonaldTrump TrumpCastleCasino full-use-rights) stopped being true when he went into debt.   See also user-rights-attribute.")

;;; uses-comm-convention-for-info
(isa uses-comm-convention-for-info ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa uses-comm-convention-for-info abstract-information)
(arg2-isa uses-comm-convention-for-info communication-convention)
(arg3-isa uses-comm-convention-for-info information-bearing-thing)
(comment uses-comm-convention-for-info "(uses-comm-convention-for-info INFO CC IBT) means that the information-bearing-thing IBT contains the information INFO, and INFO was encoded using the communication-convention CC.  INFO need not be propositional (see also propositional-information-thing).")

;;; vehicle
(isa vehicle irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa vehicle actor-slot)
(isa vehicle asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa vehicle anti-transitive-binary-predicate)
(genl-preds vehicle device-used)
(genl-preds vehicle transporter)
(genl-preds vehicle provider-of-motive-force)
(arg1-isa vehicle 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(arg2-isa vehicle transportation-device--vehicle)
(comment vehicle "(vehicle EVENT VEHICLE) means that VEHICLE is a transportation-device--vehicle which is both the provider-of-motive-force and the transporter in EVENT.  If an object is a transportation-device--vehicle and plays the role of transporter in some moving event, then it generally  will play the role of vehicle in that event.  Examples: a car plays the role of vehicle in driving.  Note, however, that a bicycle does not play the role of vehicle in bike riding since it is not a provider of motive force.  A borderline non-example is someone sitting in their car while it's being pulled by a towtruck; their car is not playing the role of vehicle in that event.")

;;; victim
(isa victim irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa victim asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa victim actor-slot)
(genl-preds victim maleficiary)
(genl-preds victim damages)
(arg1-isa victim event)
(arg2-isa victim social-being)
(comment victim "The agent(s) most directly harmed by this possibly criminal act.  In so-called victimless crimes, some would consider the state to be the victim, but we will not follow that convention here.")

;;; viscosity-of-substance
(isa viscosity-of-substance tangible-substance-predicate)
(isa viscosity-of-substance interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa viscosity-of-substance physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa viscosity-of-substance liquid-tangible-thing)
(arg2-isa viscosity-of-substance viscosity)
(comment viscosity-of-substance "(viscosity-of-substance LIQ VISC) means that the liquid-tangible-thing LIQ has the viscosity VISC.")

;;; visually-depicts
(not 
  (isa visually-depicts irreflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa visually-depicts reflexive-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa visually-depicts asymmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa visually-depicts anti-symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa visually-depicts symmetric-binary-predicate))
(not 
  (isa visually-depicts transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa visually-depicts binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa visually-depicts visual-information-source)
(arg2-isa visually-depicts spatial-thing)
(comment visually-depicts "(visually-depicts ?IBT ?OBJ) means the object ?OBJ is depicted by the visual information source ?IBT.")

;;; volatility-of-substance
(isa volatility-of-substance physical-attribute-description-slot)
(isa volatility-of-substance interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa volatility-of-substance tangible-substance-predicate)
(arg1-isa volatility-of-substance partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa volatility-of-substance volatility)
(comment volatility-of-substance "(volatility-of-substance SUBST DEGREE) indicates how volatile SUBST is.  Objects with a higher DEGREE of volatility evaporate more readily than objects with a lower DEGREE.")

;;; volitional-cause--r-s-t
(isa volitional-cause--r-s-t asymmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa volitional-cause--r-s-t r-s-t-relation)
(arg1-isa volitional-cause--r-s-t linguistic-object)
(comment volitional-cause--r-s-t "The discourse relation that holds between two segments of text when ARG2 specifies something which could be a cause of the volitional action described in ARG1.")
(synonymous-external-concept volitional-cause--r-s-t s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "RST-VOLITIONAL-CAUSE")

;;; volume-contained
(isa volume-contained interval-based-quantity-slot)
(arg1-isa volume-contained partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa volume-contained volume)
(comment volume-contained "Indicates the total volume enclosed by a given container.  (volume-contained ?CONT ?VOL) means that the total available volume of ?CONT is ?VOL.")

;;; volume-of-object
(isa volume-of-object physical-amount-slot)
(genl-preds volume-of-object 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION"))
(arg1-isa volume-of-object partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa volume-of-object volume)
(comment volume-of-object "(volume-of-object OBJ VOL) means that the tangible-thing OBJ has the volume VOL.")

;;; waste-products
(isa waste-products actor-slot)
(genl-preds waste-products by-products)
(arg1-isa waste-products creation-or-destruction-event)
(arg2-isa waste-products partially-tangible)
(comment waste-products "(waste-products EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the by-products of EV which is disposed of, rather than used or sold.")

;;; water-solubility
(isa water-solubility interval-based-quantity-slot)
(isa water-solubility tangible-object-predicate)
(isa water-solubility physical-attribute-description-slot)
(arg1-isa water-solubility partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa water-solubility solubility)
(comment water-solubility "(water-solubility OBJ DEGREE) means that the tangible OBJ has this DEGREE of solubility in water.  A higher value of DEGREE indicates that a substance dissolves more readily and completely than one with a lower solubility.")

;;; wave-source
(isa wave-source ternary-predicate)
(arg1-isa wave-source something-existing)
(arg2-isa wave-source something-existing)
(arg3-isa wave-source wave-propagation-type)
(arg3-genl wave-source wave-propagation)
(comment wave-source "The predicate wave-source is used to indicate that a type of wave is travelling between a source and a reception point.  (wave-source SOURCE ENDPOINT WAVETYPE) means that there is a wave-propagation of type WAVETYPE propagating between the from-location SOURCE and the to-location ENDPOINT.  For example, (wave-source VoiceOfAmerica-Seoul city-of-beijing-china radio-wave).")

;;; wave-source--direct
(isa wave-source--direct ternary-predicate)
(genl-preds wave-source--direct wave-source)
(arg1-isa wave-source--direct something-existing)
(arg2-isa wave-source--direct something-existing)
(arg3-isa wave-source--direct wave-propagation-type)
(arg3-genl wave-source--direct wave-propagation)
(comment wave-source--direct "The predicate wave-source--direct is used to indicate that there is a wave propagation of some type directly between two points.  (wave-source--direct SOURCE ENDPOINT WAVETYPE) means that there is a wave-propagation of type WAVETYPE between the from-location SOURCE and the to-location ENDPOINT, and the propagation is direct in the sense that there are no significant diffusion or reflection subevents of that wave-propagation.")

;;; wavelength
(isa wavelength binary-predicate)
(arg1-isa wavelength wave-propagation)
(arg2-isa wavelength distance)
(comment wavelength "(wavelength WAVE LENGTH) means that the wave-propagation WAVE consists of waves having the length LENGTH.  LENGTH is a distance measuring one complete wave in a wave-propagation event.")

;;; wearer
(isa wearer binary-predicate)
(isa wearer role)
(arg1-isa wearer wearing-something)
(arg2-isa wearer animal)
(comment wearer "The predicate wearer is used to indicate an individual who is wearing some article of clothing (or other wearable item) in a particular situation.  (wearer WEARING ANIMAL) means that ANIMAL is the wearer during WEARING, an element of wearing-something (q.v.).")

;;; wears-clothing
(isa wears-clothing cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds wears-clothing owns)
(genl-preds wears-clothing cotemporal)
(genl-inverse wears-clothing in--cont-generic)
(arg1-isa wears-clothing partially-tangible)
(arg2-isa wears-clothing something-to-wear)
(comment wears-clothing "(wears-clothing ANIMAL ITEM) means that ANIMAL is wearing ITEM, an element of something-to-wear.  The first argument of wears-clothing is loosely constrained (by partially-tangible), so that this predicate may be used to describe mannequins, animals, and other individuals (of whatever kinds) that might wear clothes, as well as humans; however, by default Cyc assumes that an individual who wears-clothing is an element of person.  See also worn-on, which relates the item worn to the body part on which it is worn.")

;;; weather-attributes
(isa weather-attributes binary-predicate)
(genl-preds weather-attributes has-attributes)
(arg1-isa weather-attributes outdoor-location)
(arg2-isa weather-attributes weather-attribute)
(comment weather-attributes "The predicate weather-attributes is used to describe the weather at a particular outdoor location.  (weather-attributes LOC WEATHER) means that the outdoor-location LOC has the weather-attribute WEATHER.  For example, to say that it's snowy in Lake Tahoe, we would say: (weather-attributes lake-tahoe snowy).  See also weather-attribute.")

;;; width-of-object
(isa width-of-object physical-amount-slot)
(arg1-isa width-of-object spatial-thing)
(arg2-isa width-of-object distance)
(comment width-of-object "(width-of-object OBJ WIDTH) means that the distance across OBJ from one side boundary to the opposite side boundary is WIDTH.  Side boundaries are roughly perpendicular to the top and bottom of the object.  Note that some objects have an intrinsic default orientation (i.e., a top and bottom); for others, orientation is determined only in relation to the environment.")

;;; window-has-covering
(isa window-has-covering binary-predicate)
(isa window-has-covering physical-part-predicate)
(genl-preds window-has-covering portal-has-covering)
(arg1-isa window-has-covering window-portal)
(arg2-isa window-has-covering window-the-portal-covering)
(comment window-has-covering "A restriction of portal-has-covering.  This predicate can take as it's arg1 any instance of window-portal, eg., a car window, or a window in a modern-human-residence.")

;;; works-with
(not 
  (isa works-with transitive-binary-predicate))
(isa works-with irreflexive-binary-predicate)
(isa works-with symmetric-binary-predicate)
(isa works-with cotemporal-objects-slot)
(genl-preds works-with cotemporal)
(genl-inverse works-with works-with)
(arg1-isa works-with agent)
(arg2-isa works-with agent)
(comment works-with "The predicate works-with relates two agents who in some way work together.  The two agents may be people or organizations.  (works-with AGENT1 AGENT2) means that AGENT1 and AGENT2 work together or cooperate in some activity for mutual benefit.  They may or may not work for the same employer.  Some types of relationships that provide a basis for assertions using works-with include:  coworkers in a company, an employee and his boss, organizations affiliated in some endeavor, a professional and her client, professionals and their representatives.  Examples: a research organization works-with its shareholding companies; a novelist works-with his or her publishing-company; an entertainment-or-arts-professional works-with his or her agent (i.e., artist-or-entertainer-representative).")

;;; worn-on
(isa worn-on inter-actor-slot)
(genl-preds worn-on supported-by)
(genl-preds worn-on touches)
(arg1-isa worn-on something-to-wear)
(arg2-isa worn-on animal-body-part)
(comment worn-on "The predicate worn-on is used to describe on what part of an individual's body a particular device or garment is worn.  (worn-on ITEM BODYPART) means that ITEM is being worn on the body part BODYPART.  worn-on can apply to human or animal wearers, and the items worn can include clothing, jewelry, medical devices, harnesses, carrying devices, wigs--basically, anything which can be attached to or borne upon a body part without intentionally holding or carrying it. See something-to-wear for its subsets of things that can be worn.  See also wears-clothing, which relates the wearer, rather than the body part, to the item worn.")

;;; xor
(isa xor e-l-relation)
(isa xor commutative-relation)
(arg1-isa xor cyc-formula)
(arg2-isa xor cyc-formula)
(comment xor "The logical connective xor represents exclusive-or.
  xor takes two arguments, each of which must be an
  element of CycFormula. (xor FORMULA-1 FORMULA-2) means
  that formula FORMULA-1 is true precisely when formula
  FORMULA-2 is false; in other words, one but not both of
  FORMULA-1 and FORMULA-2 is true. An EL formula that mentions 
  xor is translated during canonicalization into an equivalent 
  (though less compact) formula that mentions or, and, and not 
  and does not mention xor (see the expansion gaf for xor).")

;;; (medium-amount-fn corrosion-resistance)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn corrosion-resistance) corrosion-resistance)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn corrosion-resistance) scalar-interval)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn porosity)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn porosity) porosity)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn porosity) scalar-interval)

;;; (high-amount-fn elasticity)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn elasticity) elasticity)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn elasticity) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (high-amount-fn elasticity) "completely re-expands almost instantly after compression")

;;; (the-covering transfer-in transfer-out)
(isa 
  (the-covering transfer-in transfer-out) set--mathematical)

;;; (liquid-fn water)
(isa 
  (liquid-fn water) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (liquid-fn water) water)
(genls 
  (liquid-fn water) liquid-tangible-thing)

;;; (the-covering organizational-transfer-in organizational-transfer-out)
(isa 
  (the-covering organizational-transfer-in organizational-transfer-out) set--mathematical)

;;; (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) "A collection of events.  An instance of (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device) is a transportation event in which a vehicle designed to travel through the atmosphere or outer space is used.  Examples include instances of the would-be collections hang gliding, airplane tranportation, flying the space shuttle, hot air ballon transport.  Note: This collection does not include flying--flapping-wings, which is what birds do.")

;;; (solid-fn water)
(isa 
  (solid-fn water) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (solid-fn water) water)
(genls 
  (solid-fn water) solid-tangible-thing)

;;; (low-amount-fn ductility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn ductility) ductility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn ductility) scalar-interval)

;;; (transport-fn solid-tangible-thing)
(isa 
  (transport-fn solid-tangible-thing) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-fn solid-tangible-thing) transporting-goods)

;;; (medium-amount-fn raininess)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn raininess) raininess)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn raininess) scalar-interval)
(genl-attributes 
  (medium-amount-fn raininess) rainy)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LESS-THAN-COMPARISON")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LESS-THAN-COMPARISON") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LESS-THAN-COMPARISON") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY") thing)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn shear-strength)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn shear-strength) shear-strength)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn shear-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (solid-fn plastic)
(isa 
  (solid-fn plastic) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (solid-fn plastic) plastic)
(genls 
  (solid-fn plastic) solid-tangible-thing)

;;; (transport-fn semi-solid-tangible-thing)
(isa 
  (transport-fn semi-solid-tangible-thing) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-fn semi-solid-tangible-thing) transporting-goods)

;;; (low-amount-fn rigidity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn rigidity) rigidity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn rigidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-partition invertebrate vertebrate)
(isa 
  (the-partition invertebrate vertebrate) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition invertebrate vertebrate) set--mathematical)

;;; (high-amount-fn visibility)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn visibility) visibility)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn visibility) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED") thing)

;;; (transport-via-fn device--user-powered)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn device--user-powered) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn device--user-powered) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn device--user-powered) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn device--user-powered) exercising)

;;; (transport-via-fn road-vehicle)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle) "The collection of transportion events in which a (more or less conventional) road vehicle (see road-vehicle) is the transportation device (see transporter and vehicle).")

;;; (medium-amount-fn porosity)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn porosity) porosity)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn porosity) scalar-interval)

;;; (wave-emission-fn audible-sound)
(isa 
  (wave-emission-fn audible-sound) script-type)
(isa 
  (wave-emission-fn audible-sound) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (wave-emission-fn audible-sound) emitting-a-wave)

;;; (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn train--transportation-device))

;;; (very-high-amount-fn flammability)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn flammability) flammability)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn flammability) scalar-interval)

;;; (medium-amount-fn shear-strength)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn shear-strength) shear-strength)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn shear-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") script-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") communicating)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GAS-MATERIAL")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GAS-MATERIAL") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GAS-MATERIAL") thing)

;;; (mob-fn particle)
(isa 
  (mob-fn particle) collection)
(isa 
  (mob-fn particle) existing-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (mob-fn particle) mob)

;;; (no-amount-fn porosity)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn porosity) porosity)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn porosity) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIQUID-MATERIAL")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIQUID-MATERIAL") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIQUID-MATERIAL") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-DIRECTED-ACTION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-DIRECTED-ACTION") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-DIRECTED-ACTION") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-DIRECTED-ACTION") physical-event)

;;; (high-amount-fn tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn tensile-strength) tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn tensile-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn ductility)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn ductility) ductility)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn ductility) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-partition non-leap-year leap-year)
(isa 
  (the-partition non-leap-year leap-year) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition non-leap-year leap-year) set--mathematical)

;;; (the-partition adult-animal juvenile-animal)
(isa 
  (the-partition adult-animal juvenile-animal) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition adult-animal juvenile-animal) set--mathematical)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn rigidity)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn rigidity) rigidity)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn rigidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (no-amount-fn volatility)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn volatility) volatility)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn volatility) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-MATERIAL")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-MATERIAL") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-MATERIAL") thing)

;;; (the-partition non-powered-device powered-device)
(isa 
  (the-partition non-powered-device powered-device) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition non-powered-device powered-device) set--mathematical)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE-RELATED-OBJECT") communication-convention)

;;; (juvenile-fn person)
(isa 
  (juvenile-fn person) existing-object-type)
(genls 
  (juvenile-fn person) person)
(genls 
  (juvenile-fn person) juvenile-animal)

;;; (high-amount-fn compressibility)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn compressibility) compressibility)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn compressibility) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (high-amount-fn compressibility) "Can be compressed almost any amount")

;;; (the-partition artifact inanimate-thing--natural)
(isa 
  (the-partition artifact inanimate-thing--natural) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition artifact inanimate-thing--natural) set--mathematical)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn hardness)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn hardness) hardness)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn hardness) scalar-interval)

;;; (low-amount-fn elasticity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn elasticity) elasticity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn elasticity) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (low-amount-fn elasticity) "re-expands somewhat after compression, but not all the way back")

;;; (low-amount-fn hardness)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn hardness) hardness)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn hardness) scalar-interval)

;;; (transport-via-fn truck)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn truck) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn truck) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn truck) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn truck) 
  (transport-via-fn truck))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn truck) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn truck) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn truck) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn truck) 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle))

;;; (the-partition non-person-animal person)
(isa 
  (the-partition non-person-animal person) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition non-person-animal person) set--mathematical)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn bio-deterioration-resistance)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn bio-deterioration-resistance) bio-deterioration-resistance)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn bio-deterioration-resistance) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-covering gaining-user-rights losing-user-rights)
(isa 
  (the-covering gaining-user-rights losing-user-rights) set--mathematical)

;;; (high-amount-fn malleability)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn malleability) malleability)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn malleability) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBJECT-MATTER")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBJECT-MATTER") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBJECT-MATTER") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT") thing)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn flammability)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn flammability) flammability)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn flammability) scalar-interval)

;;; (medium-amount-fn rigidity)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn rigidity) scalar-interval)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn rigidity) rigidity)

;;; (the-partition dusk dawn)
(isa 
  (the-partition dusk dawn) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition dusk dawn) set--mathematical)

;;; (no-amount-fn ductility)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn ductility) ductility)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn ductility) scalar-interval)

;;; (low-amount-fn visibility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn visibility) visibility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn visibility) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT") individual)

;;; (government-fn country)
(isa 
  (government-fn country) 
  (group-fn intelligent-agent))
(isa 
  (government-fn country) regional-government)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERING-RELATION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERING-RELATION") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERING-RELATION") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERING-RELATION") binary-predicate)

;;; (the-partition intangible partially-tangible)
(isa 
  (the-partition intangible partially-tangible) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition intangible partially-tangible) set--mathematical)

;;; (no-amount-fn rigidity)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn rigidity) rigidity)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn rigidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SEPARABLE-ENTITY")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SEPARABLE-ENTITY") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SEPARABLE-ENTITY") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SEPARABLE-ENTITY") something-existing)

;;; (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bus--road-vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle))

;;; (no-amount-fn flammability)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn flammability) flammability)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn flammability) scalar-interval)

;;; (making-fn visual-image)
(isa 
  (making-fn visual-image) temporal-object-type)
(isa 
  (making-fn visual-image) script-type)
(genls 
  (making-fn visual-image) making-something)

;;; (transport-via-fn motorcycle)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn motorcycle) 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle))

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AMBIENT-PROCESS")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AMBIENT-PROCESS") script-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AMBIENT-PROCESS") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AMBIENT-PROCESS") physical-event)

;;; (the-covering movement--translation-event movement--rotation)
(isa 
  (the-covering movement--translation-event movement--rotation) set--mathematical)

;;; (medium-amount-fn flammability)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn flammability) flammability)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn flammability) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING") intangible-individual)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn hardness)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn hardness) hardness)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn hardness) scalar-interval)

;;; (liquid-fn water--saline)
(isa 
  (liquid-fn water--saline) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (liquid-fn water--saline) water--saline)
(genls 
  (liquid-fn water--saline) liquid-tangible-thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOLID-MATERIAL")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOLID-MATERIAL") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOLID-MATERIAL") thing)

;;; (high-amount-fn corrosion-resistance)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn corrosion-resistance) corrosion-resistance)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn corrosion-resistance) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING") thing)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn tensile-strength) tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn tensile-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (low-amount-fn tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn tensile-strength) tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn tensile-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (group-fn intelligent-agent)
(isa 
  (group-fn intelligent-agent) object-type)
(genls 
  (group-fn intelligent-agent) group)
(genls 
  (group-fn intelligent-agent) spatial-thing)

;;; (mob-fn precipitation-particle)
(isa 
  (mob-fn precipitation-particle) collection)
(isa 
  (mob-fn precipitation-particle) existing-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (mob-fn precipitation-particle) mob)

;;; (solid-fn concrete)
(isa 
  (solid-fn concrete) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (solid-fn concrete) concrete)
(genls 
  (solid-fn concrete) solid-tangible-thing)

;;; (group-fn spatial-thing)
(isa 
  (group-fn spatial-thing) object-type)
(genls 
  (group-fn spatial-thing) spatial-thing)
(genls 
  (group-fn spatial-thing) group)

;;; (group-fn currency)
(isa 
  (group-fn currency) object-type)
(genls 
  (group-fn currency) spatial-thing)
(genls 
  (group-fn currency) group)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SENSE-AND-MEASURE-QUALITY")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SENSE-AND-MEASURE-QUALITY") attribute-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SENSE-AND-MEASURE-QUALITY") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SENSE-AND-MEASURE-QUALITY") attribute-value)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET") thing)

;;; (high-amount-fn raininess)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn raininess) raininess)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn raininess) scalar-interval)
(genl-attributes 
  (high-amount-fn raininess) rainy)

;;; (low-amount-fn malleability)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn malleability) malleability)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn malleability) scalar-interval)

;;; (transport-via-fn bicycle)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) locomotion-process)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn bicycle) exercising)

;;; (transport-via-fn automobile)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) 
  (transport-via-fn automobile))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn automobile) 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle))

;;; (low-amount-fn compressibility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn compressibility) compressibility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn compressibility) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (low-amount-fn compressibility) "can be compressed somewhat")

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-NONINCLUSIVE")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-NONINCLUSIVE") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-NONINCLUSIVE") thing)

;;; (medium-amount-fn elasticity)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn elasticity) elasticity)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn elasticity) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (medium-amount-fn elasticity) "will eventually re-expand after compression")

;;; (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) "A collection of events.  An instance of (transport-via-fn water-transportation-device) is a transportation event in which a vehicle designed to float on or travel through water is used.  Examples include instances of sailing in boats, water-skiing, and windsurfing.  Note: This collection does not include swimming, which is a locomotion-process (q.v.), not a form of transportation as defined (intended and axiomatized) in Cyc.")

;;; (medium-amount-fn hardness)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn hardness) hardness)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn hardness) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-covering creation-event destruction-event)
(isa 
  (the-covering creation-event destruction-event) set--mathematical)

;;; (government-fn indonesia--the-nation)
(isa 
  (government-fn indonesia--the-nation) regional-government)
(comment 
  (government-fn indonesia--the-nation) "GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA")

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT-OF")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT-OF") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT-OF") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION") physical-amount-slot)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION") thing)

;;; (medium-amount-fn bio-deterioration-resistance)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn bio-deterioration-resistance) bio-deterioration-resistance)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn bio-deterioration-resistance) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAMED-OBJECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAMED-OBJECT") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAMED-OBJECT") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAMED-OBJECT") something-existing)

;;; (the-partition corner-2d corner-3d)
(isa 
  (the-partition corner-2d corner-3d) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition corner-2d corner-3d) set--mathematical)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn fragility)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn fragility) fragility)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn fragility) scalar-interval)

;;; (high-amount-fn porosity)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn porosity) porosity)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn porosity) scalar-interval)

;;; (s-t-i-b (year-fn -902))
(isa 
  (s-t-i-b 
    (year-fn -902)) time-interval)

;;; (no-amount-fn elasticity)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn elasticity) elasticity)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn elasticity) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (no-amount-fn elasticity) "does not re-expand at all after compression")

;;; (low-amount-fn fragility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn fragility) fragility)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn fragility) scalar-interval)

;;; (high-amount-fn shear-strength)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn shear-strength) shear-strength)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn shear-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (solid-fn earth-stuff)
(isa 
  (solid-fn earth-stuff) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (solid-fn earth-stuff) earth-stuff)
(genls 
  (solid-fn earth-stuff) solid-tangible-thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISTANCE")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISTANCE") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISTANCE") thing)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn tensile-strength) tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn tensile-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME-INTERVAL")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME-INTERVAL") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME-INTERVAL") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME-INTERVAL") time-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AREA")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AREA") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AREA") thing)

;;; (transport-via-fn spacecraft)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft))
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn spacecraft) "The collection of all events in which vehicles, manned or unmanned, leave the atmosphere of earth to orbit around it or travel to other regions of the universe.")

;;; (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) default-disjoint-script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) transportation-event)
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) "A collection of events.  An instance of (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device) is a transportation event in which a vehicle designed to travel over land is used.  Examples include instances of the collections (transport-via-fn road-vehicle), skate-boarding, and snow-skiing.  Note: This collection does not include instances of animal-walking-process, which is a locomotion-process (q.v.), not a form of transportation as defined in Cyc.  A marginal example of this would be a (fictional) event in which someone burrowed through the earth in a Jules-Vernesque real-time tunnel-digging machine.")

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "STRIVING")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "STRIVING") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "STRIVING") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "STRIVING") intangible-individual)

;;; (transport-via-fn ambulance)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) 
  (transport-via-fn road-vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) 
  (transport-via-fn land-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn ambulance) service-event)

;;; (mob-fn mountain)
(isa 
  (mob-fn mountain) collection)
(isa 
  (mob-fn mountain) existing-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (mob-fn mountain) mob)

;;; (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))

;;; (very-high-amount-fn relative-humidity)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn relative-humidity) relative-humidity)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn relative-humidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (low-amount-fn relative-humidity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn relative-humidity) relative-humidity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn relative-humidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONDECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONDECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONDECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONDECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT") individual)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTENSIVE")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTENSIVE") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTENSIVE") thing)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn corrosion-resistance)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn corrosion-resistance) corrosion-resistance)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn corrosion-resistance) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-partition female-person male-person)
(isa 
  (the-partition female-person male-person) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition female-person male-person) set--mathematical)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GENERALIZED-POSSESSION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GENERALIZED-POSSESSION") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GENERALIZED-POSSESSION") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MISC-STUFF")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MISC-STUFF") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MISC-STUFF") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MISC-STUFF") thing)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn malleability)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn malleability) malleability)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn malleability) scalar-interval)

;;; (medium-amount-fn tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn tensile-strength) tensile-strength)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn tensile-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-partition set-or-collection individual)
(isa 
  (the-partition set-or-collection individual) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition set-or-collection individual) set--mathematical)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn fragility)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn fragility) fragility)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn fragility) scalar-interval)

;;; (solid-fn glass)
(isa 
  (solid-fn glass) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (solid-fn glass) glass)
(genls 
  (solid-fn glass) solid-tangible-thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTED-ACTION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTED-ACTION") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTED-ACTION") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTED-ACTION") physical-event)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CARDINALITY")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CARDINALITY") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CARDINALITY") thing)

;;; (low-amount-fn raininess)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn raininess) raininess)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn raininess) scalar-interval)
(genl-attributes 
  (low-amount-fn raininess) rainy)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") script-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-ADDRESSEE-ORIENTED-VERBAL-PROCESS") communicating)

;;; (high-amount-fn rigidity)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn rigidity) rigidity)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn rigidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (medium-amount-fn compressibility)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn compressibility) compressibility)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn compressibility) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (medium-amount-fn compressibility) "Can be compressed to less than half its volume")

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LINEAR-SIZE")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LINEAR-SIZE") physical-amount-slot)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LINEAR-SIZE") thing)
(arg2-isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LINEAR-SIZE") distance)

;;; (transport-fn liquid-tangible-thing)
(isa 
  (transport-fn liquid-tangible-thing) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-fn liquid-tangible-thing) transporting-goods)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE") measurable-attribute-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE") physical-attribute)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT") thing)

;;; (no-amount-fn compressibility)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn compressibility) compressibility)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn compressibility) scalar-interval)
(comment 
  (no-amount-fn compressibility) "essentially cannot be compressed")

;;; (very-high-amount-fn porosity)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn porosity) porosity)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn porosity) scalar-interval)

;;; (low-amount-fn porosity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn porosity) porosity)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn porosity) scalar-interval)

;;; (very-low-amount-fn relative-humidity)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn relative-humidity) relative-humidity)
(isa 
  (very-low-amount-fn relative-humidity) scalar-interval)

;;; (medium-amount-fn fragility)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn fragility) fragility)
(isa 
  (medium-amount-fn fragility) scalar-interval)

;;; (the-partition translation--flow translation--complete)
(isa 
  (the-partition translation--flow translation--complete) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition translation--flow translation--complete) set--mathematical)

;;; (low-amount-fn shear-strength)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn shear-strength) shear-strength)
(isa 
  (low-amount-fn shear-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn shear-strength)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn shear-strength) shear-strength)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn shear-strength) scalar-interval)

;;; (high-amount-fn flammability)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn flammability) flammability)
(isa 
  (high-amount-fn flammability) scalar-interval)

;;; (solid-fn metal)
(isa 
  (solid-fn metal) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (solid-fn metal) metal)
(genls 
  (solid-fn metal) solid-tangible-thing)

;;; (no-amount-fn malleability)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn malleability) malleability)
(isa 
  (no-amount-fn malleability) scalar-interval)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-CONSCIOUS-BEING")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-CONSCIOUS-BEING") existing-object-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-CONSCIOUS-BEING") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-CONSCIOUS-BEING") partially-tangible)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE-DESTINATION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE-DESTINATION") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE-DESTINATION") thing)

;;; (transport-fn person)
(isa 
  (transport-fn person) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-fn person) transporting-goods)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") thing)

;;; (the-partition set--mathematical collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition set--mathematical collection) disjoint-set-or-collection)
(isa 
  (the-partition set--mathematical collection) set--mathematical)

;;; (wave-emission-fn visible-light)
(isa 
  (wave-emission-fn visible-light) script-type)
(isa 
  (wave-emission-fn visible-light) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (wave-emission-fn visible-light) emitting-a-wave)
(comment 
  (wave-emission-fn visible-light) "A collection of events; a subset of emitting-a-wave. Each element of (wave-emission-fn visible-light) is an event in which an instance of visible-light is emitted from some wave-source. Examples: the burning of a candle; the shining of a light bulb; a firefly's glowing. Almost every instance of (wave-emission-fn visible-light) will also emit instances of other types of electromagnetic-radiation other than visible-light.")

;;; (transport-via-fn airplane)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) default-disjoint-script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) 
  (transport-via-fn air-transportation-device))
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device--vehicle))
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn airplane) "Transportation in an airplane. This includes not only flying (moving through the air, with the plane supoorted by the air), but also such events as taxiing, takeoff and landing.")

;;; (transport-via-fn animal)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn animal) temporal-stuff-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn animal) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn animal) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn animal) purposeful-action)
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn animal) "Transportation in which an animal provides the force for movement.  Includes horses and other animals carrying people and objects, people carrying objects and other people, etc.")

;;; (gaseous-fn water)
(isa 
  (gaseous-fn water) tangible-stuff-state-type)
(genls 
  (gaseous-fn water) water)
(genls 
  (gaseous-fn water) gaseous-tangible-thing)

;;; (group-fn event)
(isa 
  (group-fn event) object-type)
(genls 
  (group-fn event) event)
(genls 
  (group-fn event) group)

;;; (transport-via-fn transportation-device)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) script-type)
(isa 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) temporal-stuff-type)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) transportation-event)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) human-activity)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) translation--single-path)
(genls 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device))
(comment 
  (transport-via-fn transportation-device) "A collection of events.  An instance of (transport-via-fn transportation-device) is a transportation-event in which the transporter is a transportation-device; e.g., driving a car, riding a train, sending scientific instruments to Mars on an unmanned space probe.")

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION") shape-type)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION") geometric-thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONTAINED")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONTAINED") binary-predicate)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONTAINED") thing)

;;; (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE")
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE") collection)
(isa 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE") thing)
(genls 
  (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LANGUAGE") communication-convention)

;;; (transport-fn gaseous-tangible-thing)
(isa 
  (transport-fn gaseous-tangible-thing) script-type)
(genls 
  (transport-fn gaseous-tangible-thing) transporting-goods)

;;; (very-high-amount-fn rigidity)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn rigidity) rigidity)
(isa 
  (very-high-amount-fn rigidity) scalar-interval)


(implies 
  (caused-by ?Y ?X) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CARDINALITY") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (cardinality ?X ?Y) 
    (group-cardinality ?X ?Y)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTENSIVE")) 
  (genl-preds ?X has-attributes))

(implies 
  (ibt-has-info-about ?INFOEVT ?SUB) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBJECT-MATTER") ?INFOEVT ?SUB))

(implies 
  (group-cardinality ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CARDINALITY") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X communicating) 
    (isa ?X pragmatic-attribute)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (causes ?X ?Y) 
    (causes-prop ?X ?Y) 
    (caused-by ?Y ?X)))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-MATERIAL")) 
  (genls ?X partially-tangible))

(implies 
  (isa ?X totally-ordered-set) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GAS-MATERIAL")) 
  (genls ?X gaseous-tangible-thing))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GAS-MATERIAL")) 
  (isa ?X existing-stuff-type))

(implies 
  (isa ?X time-interval) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X time-point) 
    (isa ?X 
      (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TIME-INTERVAL"))))

(implies 
  (isa ?X set--mathematical) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISLIKING")) 
  (isa ?X 
    (situation-fn 
      (there-exists ?Y 
        (feels-emotion ?Y dislike positive)))))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (situation-fn 
      (there-exists ?Y 
        (feels-emotion ?Y dislike positive)))) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISLIKING")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "STRIVING")) 
  (there-exists ?Y0389 
    (isa ?X 
      (attempting-fn ?Y0389))))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-MATERIAL")) 
  (isa ?X existing-stuff-type))

(implies 
  (isa ?X set-with-structure) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X mathematical-object) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X linguistic-object) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  (and 
    (genls ?X solid-tangible-thing) 
    (isa ?X existing-stuff-type)) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOLID-MATERIAL")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIKING")) 
  (isa ?X 
    (situation-fn 
      (there-exists ?A 
        (there-exists ?B 
            (likes-object ?A ?B))))))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (situation-fn 
      (there-exists ?A 
        (there-exists ?B  
            (likes-object ?A ?B)))))
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIKING")))

(not 
  (and 
    (isa ?X 
      (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-DIRECTED-ACTION")) 
    (object-acted-on ?X ?Y0382)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSE-EFFECT") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (causes ?X ?Y) 
    (causes-prop ?X ?Y) 
    (caused-by ?Y ?X)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-NONINCLUSIVE") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (overlaps-start ?X ?Y) 
    (overlaps-start ?Y ?X)))

(implies 
  (element-of ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOLID-MATERIAL")) 
  (isa ?X existing-stuff-type))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X distance) 
    (isa ?X volume)))

(implies 
  (name-string ?X ?Y) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAMED-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  (and 
    (arg2-isa ?X distance) 
    (isa ?X binary-predicate)) 
  (genl-preds ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DISTANCE")))

(implies 
  (topic-of-info-transfer ?INFOEVT ?SUB) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBJECT-MATTER") ?INFOEVT ?SUB))

(implies 
  (isa ?X tuple) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY") ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNERSHIP") ?Y ?X))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNERSHIP") ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY") ?Y ?X))

(implies 
  (isa ?X existing-stuff-type) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONDECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NONDECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT")) 
  (isa ?X existing-stuff-type))

(implies 
  (isa ?X two-dimensional-shape) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X language) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  (cardinality ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CARDINALITY") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X list--sequence) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")))

(implies 
  (group-members ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X distance) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X partially-tangible) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X perceptual-agent) 
    (isa ?X 
      (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-CONSCIOUS-BEING"))))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (element-of ?X ?Y) 
    (group-members ?X ?Y)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SUBJECT-MATTER") ?INFOEVT ?SUB) 
  (or 
    (ibt-has-info-about ?INFOEVT ?SUB) 
    (topic-of-info-transfer ?INFOEVT ?SUB)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE-PROPERTY-ASCRIPTION") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (isa ?Y distance) 
    (isa ?Y volume)))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIQUID-MATERIAL")) 
  (genls ?X liquid-tangible-thing))

(implies 
  (causes ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NAMED-OBJECT")) 
  (there-exists ?Y0386 
    (name-string ?X ?Y0386)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X tuple) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTED-ACTION")) 
  (there-exists ?Y0383 
    (object-acted-on ?X ?Y0383)))

(implies 
  (and 
    (genls ?X partially-tangible) 
    (isa ?X existing-stuff-type)) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "PHYSICAL-MATERIAL")))

(implies 
  (and 
    (genls ?X gaseous-tangible-thing) 
    (isa ?X existing-stuff-type)) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "GAS-MATERIAL")))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT-OF") ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") ?Y ?X))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT") ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ELEMENT-OF") ?Y ?X))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "REPRESENTATIONAL-OBJECT")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X language) 
    (isa ?X linguistic-object) 
    (isa ?X mathematical-object)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X mental-object) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LESS-THAN-COMPARISON") ?X ?Y) 
  (greater-than ?Y ?X))

(implies 
  (greater-than ?Y ?X) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LESS-THAN-COMPARISON") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIQUID-MATERIAL")) 
  (isa ?X existing-stuff-type))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT")) 
  (isa ?X object-type))

(implies 
  (isa ?X object-type) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DECOMPOSABLE-OBJECT")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X line) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X set--mathematical) 
    (isa ?X set-with-structure) 
    (isa ?X tuple)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X attribute-value) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT")))

(not 
  (and 
    ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONTAINED") ?X ?Y) 
    ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED") ?X ?Y)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOURCE-DESTINATION") ?X ?Y) 
  (to-location ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "FEARING")) 
  (isa ?X 
    (situation-fn 
      (there-exists ?Y 
        (feels-emotion ?Y fear positive)))))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (situation-fn 
      (there-exists ?Y 
        (feels-emotion ?Y fear positive)))) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "FEARING")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X communicating) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING")))

(implies 
  (and 
    (isa ?X physical-event) 
    (object-acted-on ?X ?Y)) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "DIRECTED-ACTION")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X existing-object-type) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SEPARABLE-ENTITY")))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SEPARABLE-ENTITY")) 
  (isa ?X existing-object-type))

(implies 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SOLID-MATERIAL")) 
  (genls ?X solid-tangible-thing))

(or 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CONTAINED") ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X partially-ordered-set) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X pragmatic-attribute) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "INTERPERSONAL-THING")))

(implies 
  (overlaps-start ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-NONINCLUSIVE") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (overlaps-start ?Y ?X) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "TEMPORAL-NONINCLUSIVE") ?X ?Y))

(not 
  (and 
    (isa ?X perceptual-agent) 
    (isa ?X 
      (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-CONSCIOUS-BEING"))))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ONE-OR-TWO-D-LOCATION")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X line) 
    (isa ?X two-dimensional-shape)))

(not 
  (and 
    (in--cont-generic ?X ?Y) 
    ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED") ?X ?Y)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ABSTRACT-OBJECT")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X attribute-value) 
    (isa ?X mental-object)))

(implies 
  (causes-prop ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "CAUSAL-RELATION") ?X ?Y))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "MISC-STUFF")) 
  (isa ?X thing))

(implies 
  (series-ordered-by ?SERIES ?X) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERING-RELATION")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X volume) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SIZE")))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (attempting-fn ?Y)) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "STRIVING")))

(implies 
  (series-ordered-by-inverse ?SERIES ?X) 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SET")))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "AREA") ?X ?Y) 
  (or 
    (area-of-object ?X ?Y) 
    (area-of-region ?X ?Y)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X physical-event) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X 
      (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NON-DIRECTED-ACTION")) 
    (object-acted-on ?X ?Y)))

(implies 
  (isa ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERED-SET")) 
  (or 
    (isa ?X list--sequence) 
    (isa ?X partially-ordered-set) 
    (isa ?X totally-ordered-set) 
    (isa ?X tuple)))

(implies 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY") ?X ?Y) 
  (owns ?Y ?X))

(implies 
  (owns ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "OWNED-BY") ?Y ?X))

(or 
  (in--cont-generic ?X ?Y) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "NOTCONTAINED") ?X ?Y))

(there-exists ?SERIES03860388 
  (or 
    (not 
      (isa ?X 
        (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "ORDERING-RELATION"))) 
    (series-ordered-by ?SERIES03860388 ?X) 
    (series-ordered-by-inverse ?SERIES03860388 ?X)))

(implies 
  (and 
    (genls ?X liquid-tangible-thing) 
    (isa ?X existing-stuff-type)) 
  (genls ?X 
    (meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LIQUID-MATERIAL")))


(implies 
  (event-occurs-at ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))


(implies 
  (event-occurs-at ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))



(implies 
  (on-path ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))



(implies 
  (object-found-in-location ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))


(implies 
  (on-path ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))

(implies 
  (in-region ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))

(implies 
  (in-region ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))


(implies 
  (temporally-subsumes ?PLACEORTIME ?ITEM) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACEORTIME))


(implies 
  (object-found-in-location ?ITEM ?PLACE) 
  ((meaning-in-system-fn s-e-n-s-u-s--information1997 "SPATIAL-LOCATING") ?ITEM ?PLACE))